Tiiu ban Moi truang vd Ndng lugng ISBN 978 604 913 013 7 VAN DE 6 NHIEM KIM LOAI NANG DO HOAT DONG KHAI THAC • • • • VA CHE BIEN KHOANG SAN KIM LOAI Of MIEN BAC VIET NAM Pham Tich Xuan, Nguyen Van Phi[.]
Tiiu ban: Moi truang vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 VAN DE NHIEM KIM LOAI NANG DO HOAT DONG KHAI THAC • • • • VA CHE BIEN KHOANG SAN KIM LOAI Of MIEN BAC VIET NAM Pham Tich Xuan, Nguyen Van Phi, Hoang Tuyet Nga, Doan Thu Tra, Cai Van Truong, Nguyen Van Thu, Vii Manh Long Vien Dia chat; Ngo 84, ph6 Chua Lang, D6ng Da, Ha Noi E-mail: tichxuan(a),gmail.com Tom tat: Cdc nghiin ciru da dupe tiin hdnh tgi khu md dgi diin cho cdc logi hinh khodng sdn kim logi phd biin d mien Bdc nude ta gdm: Chi - kem Nam Cha Ddn, Titan Cdy Cham, Ddng Sin Quyin, Antimon Mdu Due vd Thiic Ky Ldm Cdc kit qud nghiin ciru cho thdy d tdt cd cdc khu md diu cd hien tucmg d nhiim kim logi ndng nhu Pb, As, Sb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn vd As ddt, nude mat Ddng chit y Id hien tuong d nhiim Cd nude mat d cdc khu md Mdu Due vd Cdy Chdm (>40% sd mdu), dd cd nhieng mdu vuot tiiu chudn cho phep tdi 5-6 ldn Trong hdu hit cdc mdu ddt d cdc md Ky Ldm, Cho Ddn, Cdy Chdm vd Sin Quyin diu cd hdm lupng As vd Cu vuot tiiu chudn cho phep Tgi khu md Cha Ddn, 100% sd mdu ddt cd hdm luong Pb vd Zn vupt tiiu chudn cho phep, cdn d Sin Quyin vd Cdy Chdm ciing cd tdi 50% sd mdu bj d nhiim Pb Riing mdu ddt d md Cha Ddn cd tdi 43%) sd mdu cd hdm luong Cd vuot tiiu chudn cho phep Cdc bdi thdi khai thdc vd qudng dudi la ngudn gdy d nhiim kim logi ndng vd cd thi gdy nguy hiim cho mdi trudng xung quanh Cdn phdi cd nhieng gidi phdp thich hap nhdm ngdn chdn vd gidm thiiu d nhiim chung gdy Abstract: The research has been done in metal mine sites representing different ore deposit types in the North Vietnam including: Southern Cho Don lead and zinc mine; Cay Cham titanium mine; Sin Quyen copper mine; Mau Due antimony mine; and Ky Lam tin mine Analytical results show that, in all of the observed mines, there is considerable heavy metal pollution such as Pb, As, Sb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn and As at various levels in soil, sediment and surface waters Note that, there is serious surface water pollution with Cd in Mau Due and Cay Cham mine sites (more than 40% of samples are polluted), among them some samples have Cd concentrations 5-6 times higher than allowed Most of mine soil samples from Ky Lam, Cho Don, Cay Cham and Sin Quyen sites have As concentrations exceeded QCVN All of mine soil samples from Cho Don are polluted with Pb and Zn, also about 50% of soil samples in Sin Quyen and Cay Cham sites have exceeded Pb concentrations In addition, in Cho Don Site there are 43yo of soil sgmples have Cd concentrations higher allowed levels Mining wastes and tailing are sources of heavy metal pollution and may result in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic ecosystems In this perspective there is need for safe measures in order to prevent and minimize environmental pollution 236 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010 MO DAU Trong nhiing nam gan day, su gia tang nhu ciu nguyen lieu khoang kim loai phuc vu phat trien c6ng nghiep va xuit khau la dgng lire thiic diy manh me boat dgng khai thac m6 Sl lugng m6 dua vao khai thac va quy m6 khai thac cua cac mo quang cang tang Nhilu m6 kim loai da va dang dugc ma rgng khai thac Quy m6 khai thac va che biin (KT&CB) quang kim loaijigay cang tang lam cho kh6i lugng chit thai KT&CB quang cang Ion Vin de nhiem kim loai nang va cac nguyen tl dgc hai cac bai thai KT&CB khoang san kim loai dang tr6 nen mgt thach thuc Ion d6i vai m6i truong va sue kh6e cua nhan dan Dilu d6 d6i h6i phai co nhiing nghien ciiu chi tilt, he thing nhim danh gia tinh hinh nhilm cac loai hinh khoang san khac nhau, duong phat tan kim loai nang va cac chit dgc bai vao m6i truang lam co s6 cho viec giam thieu nhiem va bao ve m6i truang Bao cao trinh bay ket qua nghien ciiu hien trang nhiem kim loai nang khu m6 dac trung la: Chi - kem Nam Chg Din (Bic Kan), Titan Cay Cham (Thai Nguyen), D6ng Sin Quyin (Lao Cai), Antimon Mau Due (Ha Giang) va Thiic Ky Lam (Tuyen Quang) Day la kit qua cua dl tai KHCN cap Nha nuoc ma s6 KC.08.27/06-10 cac tac gia thuc hien DAC DIEM THANH PHAN VAT CHAT VA TINH HINH KT&CB K H O A N G S A N KIM LOAI TAI CAC MO Cac m6 dugc lira chgn nghien cuu c6 dac diem dia chat, phan vat chat rat khac nhau, nhung deu co diem chung la ngoai cac phan quang chinh, thuong chiia cac khoang vat nhom sulfid nhu pyrit, pyrotin v.v Cac da chua quang va da vay quanh cung rat da dang: O m6 D6ng Sinh Quyen chiing la cac da bien chat den tuong epidot-amphibolit cua he tang Sinh Quyen (PP^q-) g6m da phien hai mica, da phien thach anh hai mica chua graphit xen kep cac lop da phien thach anh- graphit, da phien thach anh - felspat - biotit, amphibolit [3]; O m6 Antimon Mau Due, cac than quang phan b6 chu yeu cac da tram tich luc nguyen cua he tang S6ng Hien (J\sh) g6m cat ket, da phien set than, phien sericit va cac thau kinh da v6i [1] Cac mach nhiet dich chua thiec m6 Ky Lam nam cac da thuoc be tang Phia Phuang (J^\pp) g6m da phien sericit, quaczit, da v6i [11, 12]; O m6 Titan Cay Cham, quang boa gan lien voi kh6i xam nhap mafic-sieu mafic kh6i Niii Chiia (gabro, gabro-norit, dunit v.v ) [2, 6]; Khac voi cac m6 tren, khoang h6a chi - kem Nam Chg D6n nam da v6i ciia he tang C6c X6 [8, 9] Dac diem phan khoang vat cua cac m6 dugc trinh bay bang Phan Ion cac m6 moi di vao boat dgng khoang 10 nam va hau bet khai thac 16 thien, ngoai tru m6 Chi - kem Nam Chg D6n khai thac ket hgp gifta 16 thien va ham 16 va mo thiec Ky Lam khai thac bang ham 16 quy m6 nh6 Ngoai m6 Antimon Mau Due quang dugc dua thang vao 16 luyen, cac m6 khac quang deu qua c6ng doan tuyen, cac m6 D6ng Sin Quyin va Chi - kem Nam Chg D6n su dung phuong phap tuyen n6i, cac m6 Titan Cay Cham va Thiec Ky Lam sir dung phuang phap trgng lire Bdng 1: Thdnh phdn khodng vdt cua qudng vd cdc dd chua qudng d cdc khu md Md Nam Ch9' Don (Pb-Zn) Cay Cham TP khodng vdt Khodng vdt chinh Khodng vdt phu sphalerit, galenit, pyrit pyrotin, chancopyrit Da mach, da vay quanh zinkit, smitsonit, calamin, anglezit, limonit, psilomeian thach anh, calcit clorit QuSn^ nguyen sinh titanomagnetitj ilmenit, pyrit magnetit, pyrotin, Quang sulfid Quang oxyt Khodng vdt it gap pentlandit, chancopyrit, galenit, 237 ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 Tieu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng Mo TP khodng vdt Khodng vdt it gap sphalerit cericit, chlorit, calcit Da vay quanh Pigneonit, Diopcit, hedenbergit, Enstantit, ferocilit, Thach anh Quang nguyen sinh chancopyrit, Pyrotin, magnetit, pyrit melnicovit, orthit, rutin, ilmenit, sphalerit, etc Quang thii sinh goetit, hydrogoetit malachit, azurit Da mach, da vay quanh thach anh, granat, biotit hedenbergit, apatit sfen, clorit, calcit Quang nguyen sinh antimonit ilmenit, pyrit, magnetit arsenopyrit, sphalerit, chancopyrit, berthierit Quang thij sinh limonit, valentinit, stibiconit, lewisit Da mach, da vay quanh thach anh, calcit Mau Due (Sb) Ky Lam (Sn) Khodng vdt phu Khoang vat thii sinh (Ti) Sinh Quyen (Cu) Khodng vdt chinh Quang nguyen sinh Quang thu sinh Da mach, da vay quanh arsenopyrit, pyrit, pyrotin, casiterit, chancopyrit limonit molibdenit, galenit, cobantin, saflonit, etc ilmemit, magnetit thach anh, turmalin PHLTONG P H A P NGHIEN CUtJ Cac mau nuoc mat (bao g6m nuoc thai tu m6, nuoc ao h6, nuac su6i va nuac rugng liia) dugc lay va bao quan theo cac quy chuan va tieu chuan hien hanh Nuoc dugc lay va bao quan chai nhua PE va dugc xu ly bang dung dich axit HNO3 truoc dong chai Cac mau nuoc ngam chu yeu dugc lay tu cac gieng dao, mgt sl truang hgp la gilng khoan UNICEF khu vuc lan can voi m6 theo quy chuan hien hanh Cac mau dat dugc lay theo quy chuan hien hanh, chu yeu dugc liy ting mat vai khIi lugng 0,5kg, bao quan va van chuyen tiii nilon hai lop Do pH cua nuoc dugc true tiep tai hien truang bing may pH SENSION (HATCH - My) Ham lugng kim loai nang nuoc va dit dugc xac dinh bing phuong phap phi khIi plasma (ICP-MS) tai phong phan tich ICP-MS Vien Dia chit - Vien KHCNVN KET QUA VA B A N LUAN 4.1 Su tao dong thai acid Cac ket qua nghien ciiu, cho thay nhilu m6 co hien tugng tao d6ng thai acid ro ret - Tgi md Titan Cdy Chdm, kit qua pH tai dong thai tir moong khai thac quang glc cua C6ng ty XNK Thai Nguyen cho thiy, ca mua mua va kh6 diu c6 bilu hien dong thai acid voi pH CO sir khac biet gifta mua, song dong thai acid nhin chung dugc tri tren mgt khoang each kha xa (Hinh 1): Vl mua mua d6ng thai co pH thip, khoang 3,49 din 4,93 Tai dilm each 238 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010 moong khai thac > 1600m, pH d6ng thai van thap hon Gia tri pH tuong ling ve mua kh6, la khoang 4,16 den 7,83 va tai diem each moong khai thac 1600m, pH ~ Cac thi nghiem danh gia kha nang phat sinh acid cua bai thai khai thac titan thuc hien mua kh6 (theo phuang phap pH paste) [10, 11, 15] cho thiy: dit da thai qua trinh ma moong tao cac gia tri pH tu 2, 18 den 5,19; dat da va quang tai moong dang khai thac cho pH tu 1,34 den 5,01 Nhu vay c6 the thay, mac du pH dong thai vl miia kh6 tuong d6i cao, nhung kha nang sinh acid cua dat da bai thai cung nhu quang la rit Ion - Tgi md Antimon Mdu Due, tai vi tri each moong khai thac 1500m, vl miia mua pH dong thai lu6n thap hon 5.0, nh6 nhat dat 3,78 (Hinh 2) Gang ve culi nguln dong thai cang tro nen trung tinh va tai noi gap voi s6ng Nhiem gia tri pH dat toi 6,32, nuoc s6ng Nhiem co pH la 7,3 Ve mua kh6, cung tren khoang each do, pH dao dong khoang 3,39 den 6,15, phan Ion dao dgng quanh gia tri 5,0 Mac du kh6ng c6 sir khac biet lan, nhung nhin chung ve mua kh6 cac mau thuang co gia tri pH cao hon so voi mua mua Dieu cung hoan toan tuong tu nhu d6i voi khu vuc m6 titan Cay Cham M ( •• " • • • * -Mua mi/a -MuakhA 15 - i •' ' Mua kh6 200 200 400 600 eOO 1000 1200 1400 1600 Khoing c i c h (m| Hinh 1: Biiu dd biin ddi pH ddng thdi tgi md titan Cdy Chdm 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Khoing cttch (m) Hinh 2: Bieu dd bien ddi pH ddng thdi tai md antimon Mdu Dui - Tgi md Thiic Ky Ldm, ve mua mua dong thai tir khu khai thac quang sa khoang va xu6ng tuyen c6 pH khoang 4,2 den 8,08, s6 mau c6 pH < chiem 30% Ve mua kh6 pH dao dgng khoang 4,86 den 7,64, nhien chi c6 6% s6 mau co pH duoi Nhin chung hien tugng tao dong acid khu m6 kh6ng ro ret day chu yeu la khai thac lai cac bai thai, phan Ion la quang eluvi, cac khoang vat quang da bi phong boa gan nhu hoan toan, d6 lugng quang g6c rat nh6 va dugc dua ve nghien dai ciing quang eluvi - Tgi md Ddng Sin Quyin, vl mua mua pH cua dong thai dao dgng khoang 3,69 din 7,51, d6 sl mau c6 pH < chilm gin 25% Tuy nhien phan Ion cac mau c6 pH < la cac miu nuoc ro ri tu cac bai thai Nuoc h6 thai quang du6i co pH trung tinh, tham chi hoi kiem c6 sir b6 sung cac chat trung boa axit qua trinh tuyen - O khu md Chi - kem Nam Chp Ddn, tit ca cac mau dong thai tu bai thai cua mo Pii Sap va Na Bip diu co gia trj tu trung tinh den kiem, ke ca mau nuoc tai bai thai quang du6i va dong thai tu xuong tuyIn cua C6ng ty CP Khoang san Bac Kan (pH toi 8,08) Hien tugng ving mat sir tao d6ng thai acid khu m6 Nam Chg D6n la da vay quanh la da v6i co tac dung trung boa acid qua trinh oxy boa quang sulfid Ngoai ra, qua trinh tuyen quang nguai ta them voi de trung hoa Nhu vay, truang hgp cac da chua quang va da vay quanh la nhftng loai c6 kha nang trung h6a axit kem nhu da phien, da magma v.v su tao dong acid m6 bieu hien kha ro C) nhftng noi ma da chiia quang va da vay quanh co kha nang trung boa acid t6t, chang ban da v6i nhu truang hgp Nam Chg D6n, kha nang xuat hien dong acid thap Nhin chung, ve miia mua 239 ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 Tieu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng pH cua cac d6ng thai tu cac bai thai thuang thip hon so voi mua kh6 Dieu co the dugc ly giai nhu sau: Trong cac khoang rong dit da va quang thai lu6n chua mgt lugng nuoc ggi la "nuoc gifta cac hat" vai acid cao (pH thip), co the thiy ro qua cac thi nghiem kha nang tao acid m6 ta tren Vl mua mua, co lugng nuac mua Ion keo theo nuac 16 r6ng dit da thai tao d6ng thai c6 pH thip (d6ng acid); Vl mua kh6, lugng mua thap, phin lan "nuac gifta cac hat" van nim lai dit da thai dan din pH dong thai cao ban Su hinh dong thai acid m6 la qua trinh khai thac va tuyIn quang da dua cac khoang vat quang len bl mat dl dang tilp xiic voi kh6ng va nuac, d6 t6 hgp cac khoang vat bai thai nim dilu kien khong can bing vai m6i truong oxy hoa, qua trinh phong hoa h6a hgc va biin dli khoang vat lap tuc xay Phan ung oxy h6a cac khoang vat, dac biet la sulfid tilp xiic vai oxy va nuoc sinh acid va c6 the tao d6ng thai acid Phan ling oxy boa sulfid kim loai c6 thi vilt duoi dang t6ng quat nhu sau [10, 13, 14, 15,16]: MxSy + O2 + H2O -^ xM"^ + yS04^" + zH^ Ngoai ra, qua trinh biin dli ion Fe^"^ (mgt nhung ion phi biin nhit) cung g6p phan tao m6i truong acid theo phan ling sau : Fe^^ + 12 H2O ^ Fe(0H)3 + 12 H^ Cac phan ling sinh acid H2SO4 la mgt acid manh, co kha nang h6a tan cac kim loai nang va cac chit dgc hai co the gay nhilm xam nhap vao m6i truong 4.2 Ham luoTig mot so kim loai nang nude mat Ham lugng kim loai nang nuac mat tai cac khu m6 dugc trinh bay bang va dugc the hien tren bieu d6 hinh (Hinh 3) Bdng 2: Hdm lupng kim logi ndng nude mat d mdt sd khu KT&CB khodng sdn kim logi Dia diem Sd luang mdu Cay Cham 55 Mau Due 50 Sin Quyen 50 Ky Lam 45 Chg Din 55 QCVN 08:2008 (cot Bl) TB Max Min TB Max Min TB Max Min TB Max Min TB Max Min Cu 1.2806 4.3550 0.0030 0.1342 1.2172 0.0050 0.6636 5.5000 0.0016 0.0678 0.5195 0.0024 0.0033 0.0113 0.0004 0.5 Hdm luang (mg/l) Ni Zn 1.2216 0.5823 3.6870 1.6020 0.0050 0.0030 1.4591 3.6882 4.8737 27.2711 0.0038 0.0060 0.5439 0.7638 5.9347 9.1878 0.0010 0.0040 0.0189 0.0529 0.1148 0.3726 0.0021 0.0051 0.0094 0.5853 0.0178 8.2875 0.0032 0.0010 0.1 1.5 Cd 0.0408 0.1180 0.0030 0.0445 0.1270 0.0001 0.0056 0.0657 0.0001 0.0007 0.0083 0.0001 0.0038 0.0538 0.0001 0.01 Pb 0.0207 0.0440 0.0030 0.0078 0.1369 0.0005 0.0010 0.0044 0.0001 0.0100 0.1354 0.0002 0.0323 0.1958 0.0004 0.05 Ghi chu: TB - Gid tri trung binh Max - Gid tri lan nhdt; Min - Gid tri nhd nhdt 240 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010 35.0 • 30.0 Ol E 25.0 Q + 20.0 •D o A + 10.0 * • o • Cay Cham j • Mau Due ; ASinQuy^n , X Ky Lam XCho B i n A A • A • X 5.0 •1 )C J R — 0.0 pH Hinh 3: Hdm luang kim logi ndng nude mat d mdt sd khu md khodng sdn kim logi Co the thay rat ro tuong quan gifta pH va ham lugng cac kim loai nang hoa tan Nhin chung, ham lugng kim loai nang nuoc mat tang cao pH giam (Hinh 3) Ting ham lugng cac kim loai nang Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd va Pb cao hon ca tai cac khu m6 titan Cay Cham, antomon Mau Due va d6ng Sin Quyen Trong nuoc mat cac m6 chi - kem Nam Chg D6n va Ky Lam ham lugng kim loai nang nhin chung tuong d6i thap Dang chii y la hien tugng nhiem Cd nuac mat cac khu m6 Cay Cham va Mau Due, d6 co nhiing mau c6 ham lugng Cd cao gap ban 10 lan muc cho phep C) cac mo Nam Chg D6n va Mau Due nuoc mat co bilu hien nhiem Zn va Pb, d6 c6 nhirng mlu co ham lugng Zn cao gap gan 20 lan (bang 2) 4.3 Ham luong kim loai nang nude ngam Nhin chung cac mau nuoc ngam da phan tich chua phat bien nhiem kim loai nang dang ke Chi c6 03 mau nuoc gieng khu vuc Nam Chg D6n phat hien dugc nhiem Pb, CO mau nhat c6 ham lugng Pb dat 1,92%) 4.4 Ham luong kim loai nang dat Ham lugng mgt s6 kim loai nang dat dugc tinh bay bang va tren hinh Bdng 3: Hdm lupmg mot sd kim logi ndng ddt d mdt sd khu KT&CB khodng sdn kim logi Dia diem Cay Cham Mau Due Sin Quyen Hdm luang (mg/l) So luang mdu 50 50 45 Cd Cu Zn As TB 172.19 472.29 280.22 1.24 612.07 Max 839.55 1484.92 1734.50 5.52 3121.04 Min 18.17 107.78 15.36 0.001 10.14 TB 79.73 242.27 60.62 0.89 55.78 Max 172.70 445.10 117.72 4.14 127.69 Min 48.16 134.61 32.80 0.22 36.72 TB 326.95 149.06 27.47 0.31 31.66 Max 2252.21 233.66 45.06 0.60 56.74 Pb 241 ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 Tieu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng Dia diem Ky Lam Chg Din Hdm luang (mg/l) Sd luang mdu 50 55 QCVN 03:2008 Cu Zn Pb Cd As Min 26.12 i-i.ix 5.74 0.13 17.68 TB 234.71 183.49 479.13 0.31 71.85 Max 928.18 267.86 5785.22 0.94 166.57 Min 53.42 115.91 20.98 0.12 34.19 TB 183.36 1006.68 383.55 2.30 1931.00 Max 575.97 11103.73 1996.37 28.39 23559.03 Min 6.53 192.15 13.66 0.17 26.88 50.00 200.00 12.00 2.00 70.00 Tu bang va hinh co the thay hau hit cac mau dit diu c6 ham lugng As vugt muc cho phep, co nhirng mau vugt toi gin 500 lin (mo Ky Lam) Nhilu kim loai nang cung CO ham lugng vugt tieu chuan cho phep nhilu mlu Hiu hit cac mau cac m6 co ham lugng Cu va Zn vugt tieu chuin cho phep, d6 100%) mau a Cay Cham co ham lugng Cu vugt tieu chuin cho phep Dang chii y, dit khu vuc m6 Chg D6n co su nhilm Cd kha nghiem trgng, 100%) sl mau co ham lugng Cd cao hon muc cho phep, co miu vugt tai gan 15 lin Ngoai mgt s6 miu Cay Cham va Mau Due cung co ham lugng Cd cao hon muc cho phep Hon mgt nira sl miu cac khu m6 Cay Cham va Chg D6n c6 ham lugng Pb cao ban muc cho phep Trong d6 khu mo Chg D6n c6 mau ham lugng Pb dat 23559.0 mg/kg Tuy nhien, ham lugng Pb cao mau dit khu m6 Nam Chg D6n c6 thi la kit qua cua qua trinh phong boa tu nhien quang Pb-Zn hoac cac da mang quang [5] Co the thiy, tai cac mo Cay Cham, Mau Due, Sin Quyin va Ky Lam co thi thiy rit ro sir nhiem As va mgt s6 kim loai nang dit bl mat la kit qua cua qua trinh phat tan kim loai nang cac boat dgng khai thac va chi biin khoang san gay Rieng khu m6 Chg Din, nhu da n6i, ham lugng Pb va Zn va co thi mgt sl kim loai nang khac di cung dit cao ngoai nguyen nhan khai thac va tuyIn quang chi - kem gay co nguyen nhan la qua trinh phong h6a tu nhien quang va cac da chua quang vi lap dit mat dugc hinh tren khu vuc quang boa va cac vung lan can B Cay Cham a Mau Due B Ky Lam E3 Sin Quy^n • Cha06n 242 Hinh 4: Biiu dd ty li hdm lupmg kim logi ndng ddt d mot sd khu md kim logi vuot TCCP Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010 KET LUAN 1) cac m6 ma da chua quang va cac da vay quanh co kha nang trung h6a acid kem da tao dong acid m6 kha ro net va dugc tri theo cac d6ng chay mat tren mgt khoang each kha Ion, c6 toi hang km Ngugc lai, cac m6 chang ban nhu Nam Chg D6n, quang hoa nam m6i truong crbonat c6 kha nang trung hoa cac acid cao, d6ng thai acid m6 it co kha nang xuat hien 2) Trong nuoc mat a hau het cac khu m6 deu c6 bieu hien nhiem kim loai nang, d6 dang chii y la sir nhiem Cd tai cac khu m6 antimon Mau due va titan Cay Cham 3) M6i truong dat tat ca cac khu mo kim loai deu c6 bieu hien nhiem As va kim loai nang, d6 hau bet cac mau dat co ham lugng As va Cu vugt tieu chuan cho phep Tai khu mo Nam Chg D6n hau bet cac mau dat deu co ham lugng Pb va Zn vugt tieu chuan cho phep Ngoai cac mau dat Mau Due va Nam Chg D6n c6 bieu hien nhiem Cd 4) Cac bai thai khai thac va che bien quang chinh la ngu6n gay nhiem kim loai nang m6i truang Tuy nhien, phan kim loai nang va miic nhiem thuoc vao nhilu ylu tl nhung quan trgng nhat la kieu m6, dac diem phan vat chat cua quang va cac da chua quang, hinh thuc khai thac, che bien va tao bai thai TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Nguyin Van Chung, 1996, "Tim kiim thdm dd qudng Antimon khu Mdu Due, Yen Minh, Hd Giang", Luu trft Dia chit - Trung tam Th6ng tin Luu trft dia chit Cue DC&KSVN Drallp V.M., Ostasebsky V.N., 1963, "Thdm dd dia chdt d md Ilmenit Cdy Chdm ndm 1960-1963 cd tinh trd luang din 1-9-1963 ", Luu trft Dia chit - Cue DC&KSVN Ta Viet Dung, 1975, "Thdm dd ty mi Khodng sang Ddng Sinh Quyin, Lao Cai", Luu trft Dia chit - Trung tam Th6ng tin Luu trft dia chit Cue DC&KSVN Nguyen Thai Lac, 1966, "Thdm dd sa khodng Thiic md Bdc Lang, Tuyin Quang", Luu trft Dia chit - Trung tam Th6ng tin Luu trft dia chit Cue DC&KSVN Nguyen Van Phi, Hoang Thi Tuylt Nga, Vu Thi Thu Anh, 2006, "The migration capacity of lead in environments and problem of lead pollution in Cho Dien zinc-lead ore area" Geology, Series B N.26 Nguyen Anh Thi, 2006, ''Thdm dd qudng inmenit sa khodng khu vuc phia Dong md Cdy Chdm", Luu trft Dia chit - Trung tam Th6ng tin Luu trft dia chit Cue DC&KSVN Ma Kim Trung, 1988, ''Thdm dd Thiic gdc khu Ky Ldm, San Duang, Tuyin Quang", Luu trft Dja chit - Trung tam Th6ng tin Luu trft dia chit Cue DC&KSVN Nguyin Xuan Truang, 1996, "Fim kiim qudng Chi - Kem viing Nam Chp Ddn, Bdc Thdi", Luu trft Dia chit - Trung tam Th6ng tin Luu trft dia chit Cue DC&KSVN Nguyen Xuan Truang, 1997, "77m kiim ddnh gid Chi - Kem md Nd Bdp, Chp Ddn, Bdc Kgn" 10 "Acidmine drainage", http://www.osmre.gov/amdint.htm 243 Tieu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 11 BopTHHKOBa C.B, FacbKOBa O.Jl, BecconoBa E.H., 2006, "FeoxHMHa xexHoreHHtix CHCTCM", HOBOCH6HPCK AKa.iieMHHecKoe H3.iiaTejii>cTB0 "FEO" 170p 12 Forstner U., \9^9,"Contaminated Sediments", Lecture Notes in Earth Science 21 Springer Verlag 157p 13 Jambor J.L., Blowes D.W., 1994, "Short Course Handbook on Environmental Geochemistry of sulfide Mine-Wastes", Mineralogical Association of Canada: Nepean Vol.22 438p 14 Jambor J.L., Blowes D.W., 1998, "Theory and application of mineralogy in environmental studies of sulfide-bearing mine wastes" Modem Approaches to Ore and Environmental Mineralogy / Eds L.J Cabri, D.J Vaughan Short Course Series Vol.27, p.367-401 15 Lee M., 1999, "Management of Sulfidic Mine Wastes and Acid Drainage", Handbook (http://www.acmer.uq.edu.au/publications/attachments/ManagementofSulfidicMuieWastes Edf) 16 Nordstrom D.K., Alpers C.N., 1999, "Geochemistry of acid mine waste" Review in Economic Geology, the environmental geochemistry of ore deposits / Eds G.S.Plumlee, M.J Logsdon Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues Vol 6A, p.133-160 17 Timta-Bama L., Benetto E., Perrodin Y., 2007, "Environmental impact and risk assessment of mineral wastes reuse strategies: Review and critical analysis of approaches and applications', Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Volume 50, Issue 4, Pages 351-379 244 ... Sl lugng m6 dua vao khai thac va quy m6 khai thac cua cac mo quang cang tang Nhilu m6 kim loai da va dang dugc ma rgng khai thac Quy m6 khai thac va che biin (KT&CB) quang kim loaijigay cang tang... Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010 MO DAU Trong nhiing nam gan day, su gia tang nhu ciu nguyen lieu khoang kim loai phuc vu phat trien c6ng nghiep va xuit khau la dgng lire thiic diy manh me boat dgng khai. .. h6a chi - kem Nam Chg D6n nam da v6i ciia he tang C6c X6 [8, 9] Dac diem phan khoang vat cua cac m6 dugc trinh bay bang Phan Ion cac m6 moi di vao boat dgng khoang 10 nam va hau bet khai thac 16