TCNCYH Phil truang 70 (5) 2010 ANH H L / 6 N G 6 NHI^M MOI TRL/CfNG NUOI DEN CHAT Ll/CfNG THUY SAN 6 M O T SO AO HO HA NOI Trjnh Bao Ngoc, Pham Duy Tddng, Nguydn Thj Tuyen, Tran Thj Thoa, Le Thj Tai T[.]
TCNCYH Phil truang 70 (5) ANH HL/6NG -2010 NHI^M MOI TRL/CfNG NUOI DEN CHAT Ll/CfNG THUY SAN M O T SO AO HO HA NOI Trjnh Bao Ngoc, Pham Duy Tddng, Nguydn Thj Tuyen, Tran Thj Thoa, Le Thj Tai TrUdng Dai hgc Y Ha Ngi Muc tieu: nghien ctfu mde anh hudng d nhiem kim loai nang va vi sinh vat mdi trtfdng nuoi den chat Itfgng thuy sin d mgt so ao bd Ha Ngi Doi ttfgng va phtfang phap nghien cdu: lay miu ntfdc, bun, thuy san d mgt so ao hd nudi trdng thuy sin tai thdi diim miia mtfa vi mua khd de xet nghiem djnh Itfgng mgt sd kim loai nang (As, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni), va vi sinh vat (VKHK, E Coli) Ket qua: kit qua thu dugc vi mtfc nhiim kim loai nang va vi sinh vat 100 miu ntfdc, 81 miu bim can va 240 miu thiiy san cac loai dtfgc lay ttf 17 ao ho hien dang nudi thiiy san cua Ha Ngi vao miia mtfa (thing 8, 9) va miia kbd (thang 1,2) cho thay 100% miu ntfdc, biin can va thuy sin bi nhiim kim loai nang As, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cd, Nl, VKHK & E coli Mtfc d nhiim cd stf khic tiiy theo miia, miia khd mtfc nhiim cao hdn bin so vdi miia mtfa Ket luan: mtfc d nhiim cua mdi trtfdng nudi (ntfdc, bim can) co anh htfdng ro rang tdi mtfc d nhiim thuy san vi ca kim loai nang cung nhtf vi sinh ddi vdi hiu bet cic chi so nghien cdu vdi p < 0,05 hoac p < 0,001 Td khoa: nhiem kim loai nang, nhiem vi sinh vat, thiiy san I D A T V A N D E Nddc thai la mdt m i t xich quan cua d n h i l m mdi trddng lam I n h hddng trdc tie'p tdi sdc khde ngifdi qua cay trdng, thdc pham va dat Hien nay, nddc thai ddc*c dung mot viee quIn ly, khai t h i c gid gin he thdng sdng hd Tuy nhien, nhdng nd life eua chinh quyln va ngddi dan n h i l u nam qua van chda du de g i l l quyet thdc trang d n h i l m trddc m i t eung nhd nguy ed d n h i l m nang hdn trdng tddng lai each bda bai, dae biet la nddc t h i i d d e khu Cac sdng d ndi t h i n h Ha Ndi d i u bj d nhiem cdng nghiep, benh vien p h i n Idn d i u khdng t r i m trpng, hien khdng edn k h i nang td lam dddc xd ly ma t h i i trifc tiep mdi trddng Tuy sach Dac biet 11 sdng Td Ljch va sdng Nhue la nddc thai la mdt ngudn nddc tddi giau chat hdu hai eon sdng thoat nddc t h i i ehinh ddng thdi cd va d e chat dinh dddng chd cay trdng, vat eung 11 hai eon sdng cung cap ngudn nddc chfnh nudi, nhdng nd cung chda rat n h i l u chat ddc cho eac ao hd nudi trdng thuy sin tai quan hai nhd d c mudi hda tan, d e kim loai nang Hoang Mai va huyen Thanh Tri - ndi cd dien tfch nhd: Fe'-"' Cu^*' Zn'^' Mn^"'' Ni^*' Pb^"" eung v l sin Idong thuy sin Idn nhat cua Ha Ndi nhd mot sd' loai vi khuan nguy hiem cd the gay nddc ta g i n day da ed nhieu nghien cdu mot sd benh cho ngddi, ddng vat v l thuy s i n , v l d nhiem rau, q u i lien quan den d nhiem dat de doa nghiem den sdc khde cen ngddi trdng va nddc tddi Tuy nhien, mde anh Ha Ndi la mot phd ddng dan ed, n h i cda hddng cua d n h i l m mdi trddng nddc nudi trdng san sat, tap trung n h i l u n h i m i y , khu cdng den chat lddng thdc pham thuy s i n nhd the nao nghiep, benh vien, n h i l u khu dd thj v l khu chcJ cdn it dddc d l cap tdi Nghien edu dddc Id nhilu nam nay, rinh trang d n h i l m he thd'ng tie'n h l n b nham muc tieu: sdng, hd khu vdc ndi t h i n h H I Ndi da Danh gia va anb hffdng cua chat Itfgng dddc b i o chf v l d c cd quan q u I n ly quan tam nffdc nuoi len chat Iffgng thuy san a mgt so Chinh quyln t h i n h phd da ed nhilu nd life vung tren dja ban pbd Ha Ngi 100 TCNCYH PhtJ truang 70 (5) -2010 Td dd dda nhdng khuyen nghj va g i i i sinh vat va kim loai nang gom: p h l p gdp p h i n d i thien chat Idcfng nddc t h i i v l chat lddng nudi trdng thuy s i n tai Ha Ndi II DOI TUONG VA PHU'ONG - Vi sinh v | t g l y benh; tdng sd' VKHK, E.coli thuy san, E.coli PHAP vi fecal coliform nddc, bun - C I c kim loai nang: Cr, Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Ni N G H I E N CL/U Do'i tddng nghien cufu: nddc, bun can va b Phtfdng phip phan tich: d c loai thuy sin dddc nudi tai d e ao/hd eua - Ham lddng d c kim loai nang dddc xd ly phddng Hoang Liet, quan H o i n g Mai; xa Dai m l u va phan tich djnh lddng tren m i y AAnalyst Ang va xa T l Thanh Oai, huyen Thanh Tri va 30 (eua hang Perkin Elmer - MT) thee phddng mdt sd hd khic nhd hd Tay, hd True Bach, hd p h l p quang phd hap thu nguyen td ngpn Ida v l Yen Sd, H I Ndi khdng ngon Ida hoae phddng p h l p h d i hdi lanh Phddng phap nghien cufu: sd dung phddng phap lay m l u nddc, bdn can va thu-/ s i n de tdng Idai kim loai theo tieu chuan eua hiep hdi mdi trddng My - X l e djnh vi sinh vat gay benh thuy nudi ca'y x l c djnh sd lddng vi sinh vat va djnh lddng ham lddng mdt sd kim Idai nang ed nguy sin theo thddng ed d nhiem cae YHLD&VSMT [3] quy ky thuat cua Vien 2.3 Tieu chuan danh gia nhiem nffdc, 2.1 Cach cbgn va lay mau - Mau xet nghiem nddc, bun va thuy s i n se dddc lay vao hai mda: mua mda (td t h i n g den bun va thuy san tffai song: - "Quy dinh gidi ban td'i da d nhiem sinh hoc va h o i hoe thdc pham" - Quyet djnh t h i n g 6) v l mua khd (td thang 10 - 2) - Mau xet nghiem nddc, bdn: tai mdi ao/hd lay mau d diem k h i c nhau: diem g i n ngudn sd46/2007/QD - BTY 9/12/2007 [4] - TCVN 6774 - 2000 ddi vdi chat lddng nddc ngot bao ve ddi sd'ng thuy sinh [5] nddc thai, gida hd va canh hd - Mau thuy s i n : lay ta't c l eae loai thuy s i n dddc nudi phd bien tai eae ao/hd eua e l e xa/ phddng va d e hd tif nhien eua H I Ndi Xu' ly so' lieu: sd dung phan m l m Excel va SPSS 3.0 xd ly va phan tich so lieu III KETQUA - Lay mau va xd ly mau nddc/ bun, thuy san theo tieu chuan TCVN 5993 - 1995 [1] vl rdng cdng 100 m l u nddc, 89 m l u bun can v l 239 m l u thuy san lay ddc?c td ao hd hien TCVN 9 - 1995 [2] dang nudi trdng thuy san tai Ha Ndi vao mua, 2.2 Cac chi sd va pbffong pbap nghien cffu: mua mda (thing 8, 9) v l mua khd (thing 1, 2), a Cic chi so dinh gii mde nhiem vi vi da ddc?c phan tieh eho ket qua nhd sau: Bang Ham Itfgng mgt sd kim loai nang thuy san va moi trtfdng nuoi Loai As Hg Cd Cr Ni X±SD X + SD X±SD- X±SD X + SD n Pb X±SD Thuy san (mg/kg) 239 0,55 ± 0,53 0,10 ±0,08 0,04 ± 0,09 1,38 ±2,05 0,99 ± 1,97 1,53 ±2,99 Nddc (mcg/1) 100 6,00 ± 1,43 0,47 ± 0,43 0,58 ±0,47 14,1 ± 14,7 10,3 ± 7,03' 11,1 ±8,9 Bun can (mcg/1) 89 14,8 ± 5,77 0,27 ±0,20 0,35 ±0,30 133,3±56,5 56,7 ± 16,7 42,8 ± 18,0 101 TCNCYH Phil truang 70 (5) Nhan xet: mde d nhiim -2010 kim loai nang bim cao hdn so vdi ntfdc vi cic kim loai As, Gr, Ni & Pb Nhtfng vdi cic kim loai ning nhtf Hg & Gd thi ntfdc lai cd mde d nhiim cao hdn Bang Ham Itfgng kim loai nang thuy san & moi trtfdng nuoi theo mua Thuy san (mg/kg) Nddc (mcg/1) Biin (!mcg/l) X±SD X±SD n Dja diem X±SD As: - Mua mda 20 0,09 ± , - Mua khd 29 0,16 ± 0,17 5,03 ± 0,90 6,92 ± 1,21 13,93 ± , 15,75 ± 6,37 < 0,05 < (3,001 >0,05 0,03 ± , 0,03 ± , 0,24 ± , 0,29 ± , 0,70 ± 0,50 0,25 ± , > 0,05 < 0,001 > 0,05 0,006 ±0,01 0,014 • ± 0,02 0,38 ± 0,29 0,31 ± , 2 0,79 ±0,53 0,40 ± , < 0,05 < 0,001 > 0,05 0,20 ± , 0,45 ± , 3,47 ± 3,28 24,26 ± 14,12 89,1 ± , 185,0i ± , < 0,001 < 0,001 < 0,001 4,35 ± 18,6 7,16 ± , 99,5 ± 5 , 180,0 ± 115,5 569,0 ± , 749,4 ± 608,1 >0,05 < 0,001 > 0,05 0,14 ± , 0,32 ± , 8,82 ± , 11,74 ± 8,60 48,7 ± 15,1 < 0,05 < 0,05 < 0,001 0,18 ± , 0,53 ± 0,92 10,45i ± 2,84 11,80 ± 1 , 37,9S1 ± , 46,84 ± 2 , < ( 3,001 > 0,05 < 0,05 P Hg: - Mua mda - Mua khd 31 48 P Cd: - Mua mda - Mua khd 37 54 P Cr: - Mua mda - Mua khd P Mn: - Mua mda - Mua khd 101 139 P Ni: - Mua mda - Mua khd >7 P 65,9 ± 13,5 Pb: - Mua mda 101 - Mua khd 139 P Nhan xet: - Gd stf lien quan dong thuin vi mde d nhiim bim va ci gitfa hai miia Ve mua mtfa mde d nhiim cac kim loai ning As, Gd, Gr& Ni d ntfdc, giam ban so vdi miia khd - Rieng dd'i vdi Pb chi tha'y cd stf thay doi lien quan gitfa mde d nhiim - Nhtfng mde d nhiim thuy sin 102 bim vdi thuy san vi Hg lai khdng tha'y cd stf thay doi lien quan gitfa mdi trtfdng vdi TCNCYH Phil truang 70 (5)-2010 Bang So sanh mffc nhiim coliform ntfdc va bun can vdi VKHK thuy san theo dja diem va theo mua M l u nddc (n = 100) (coliform/WOml) M l u bun (n = 89) M l u T.san (n = 239) (coliform/IOOmI) (VKHK/lg) 23.181,8 24.583,3 865.000,0 T l Thanh Oai 8.400,0 13.833,3 435.112,2 Dai Ang 16.933,3 20.892,9 706.704,1 Hd Tay, T.Bac h 23.333,3 21.666,7 1.060.971,0 Chung 16.900,0 19.782,6 678.945,3 Hoang Liet 23.333,0 21.533,3 320.823,5 T l Thanh Oai 6.311,1 17.450,0 206.045,5 Dai Ang 15.977,8 20.353,3 378.888,9 Hd Tay 15.520,0 22.000,0 1.202.500,0 Ho Yen Sd 21.428,6 22.500-,0 429.072,1 Chung 14.479,2 19.663,8 429.072,1 TCCP < 10.000/100ml < 10.000/100ml