CNM KHOA HQC VA CONG N G H | M 6 LUA CHON DANG BQT MO HOP LY N H A M N G A N NGOTA DA ROI vOl Sir TR0 GIUP CUA PHAN MEM ROCFALL KS PHAM V A N V I $ T , KS L^ QUY T H A O Tru&ng D^i hgc Md Dja chit KS[.]
CNM KHOA HQC VA C O N G N G H | M LUA CHON DANG BQT MO HOP LY N H A M N G A N NGOTA DA ROI vOl Sir TR0 GIUP CUA PHAN MEM ROCFALL KS PHAM V A N V I $ T , KS L^ QUY T H A O Tru&ng D^i hgc Md-Dja chit KS PHAM QU6C HUNG Xi nghi$p di Udng Bi Gid*! thipu v l hipn tu'9'ng da rai Hidn tugng dd roi Id hidn tugng cdc khdi dlt dd cd kich thudc khdc nhau, tdch tCr cdc sudn bd die hodc tCp trdn mdt ting phia trdn cua bd md Idn, ndy, roi ty xudng phia dudi chdn eua ting hodc xudng chdn eua bd Hidn tugng dd rai dd gdy nhilu tai ngn trdn cdc md khai thdc dd vdi, din 6k thipt hgi ddng tile v l ngudi vd thilt bj nhu vy xay gan ddy d md dd Ldn Cd (huydn Ydn Thdnh, tinh Nghp An), cudp di sinh mgng cua 18 cdng nhdn vd vui ldp todn bd thilt bj dang Idm vide trdn md Nhin chung, hipn tugng dd rai Id hipn tugng xay dot ngdt, phdn tdn mpi noi bd md Bipn phdp phdng ngCpa Id bien phdp nhlt ngdn chdn hipn tugng dd roi Tren cdc md dd vdi, cdc nguydn nhdn ehinh sinh hien tugng dd roi Id clu true dlt dd bd md, sdng chin dpng cdng tdc n l md, dp lyc eua nudc sinh cdc trdn mua Idn, hipn tugng phong hda b l mdt Ngodi nhu-ng nguyen nhdn trdn, hidn tugng dd roi cdn phy thudc vdo cdc ydu td nhu: thdng sd hlnh hpc bd md (gdc nghidng sudn ting, chilu rdng dai an todn, clu trCie dai an todn, ); tinh chit b l mdt dlt dd; kich thudc vd hinh dgng cua khdi ditdd roi; D l ngdn ngCi-a hipn tugng dd rai xay trdn md, giam thipt hgi cho ngudi vd thilt bj thi qud trinh khai thdc tren bd md se d l Igi mdt dai an todn giu'a cdc tang 6k ngdn chdn hidn tugng dd rai xuing cdc tang cdng tdc phia dudi Myc dich 6k Igi dai an todn Id giii' Igi cdc khii dlt dd dugc rai Or cdc mat ting phia trdn hodc sudn ting xudng ting cdng tac Do do, chilu rdng dai an todn phai du rpng 6k chCpa hit ddt dd rai tCr ting phia trdn xudng Theo kinh nghipm thi chilu rdng dai an todn bat ^ 0,2h (h-ehilu eao ting) Tren thyc t l , tdng tru lugng dd vdi dua vdo khai thdc thi gdc nghieng bd md cdng die cdng tdt, gdc nghidng bd mo phy thudc vdo gdc nghidng cua sudn ting khdng cdng CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 1 tdc vd chidu rdng dai an todn gi& Igi Nhu vdy, cin phdi xdc djnh gdc nghidng sudn ting vd chilu rdng dai an todn ddm bao vCra tdng gdc nghidng bd mo vu-a ngdn chdn dugc hidn tugng dd rai xay trdn bd md H Cau true ba md tren cac mo da vdi Z Cac nguyen nhan chinh gay hipn tuong da roi 2.1 Cau true dat da Dk dd tren bd md dd vdi gdm sy xult hipn cua m^ phdn Idp, hd thdng khe nCit, dut gay Cdc ylu t l n&y dugc gpi chung Id cdc mat ylu, trdn cdc mat yeu thi dO bin giam rit mgnh so vdi dp bin khdi da Tiiy KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H £ MO theo mli quan he giCi-a cdc mat ylu (dudng hudng die, gdc doc) vdi mat sudn tang (dudng hudng die, gdc die) md ed thi xay cdc dgng tnj'gt phdng, trugt nem, dd d l thi hipn hlnh H.2 ; „ w^ - ^ - CNM ndm trugt phia mdp ting, gdy hipn tugng dd roi trdn md Ddng thdi Idm giam chilu rpng cua dai an todn so vdi thilt k l (hlnh H.3) M6ptSng Daianto^n \ < • /- •i 'V.' • H.3 Anh hu&ng hiu sung no din hi$n twgng di rai Cac ydu td anh hu^ng ddn hien tu^ng da ro'i Cdc ylu t l anh hudng din hidn tugng dd roi Id cdc ylu t l gdp phdn Idm thay ddi tinh chit chuyin dpng eua dd roi tren bd md 3.1 Goc nghieng sw&n tang Gdc nghieng sudn ting Idm thay ddi phuang thO-c chuyin dpng cua dd roi Tuy thupc vdo gdc nghieng eua sudn ting md dlt dd cd t h i chuyin ddng Idn, niy, roi ty (hlnh H.4) H.2 Cic dang tnigt li nguyen nhan tao cic khoi di rai tren sw&n tang, a - Tmut dang phang; b - Trugt dang nem; c - Tared dang di di 2.2 No tren mo Cdng tdc n l trdn cdc md dd vdi ludn dien d l chudn bj dlt dd eho ede khdu tilp theo tren md Trong hogt ddng cdng tde n l gdy tdc hgi 90° 51 70° ? (sdng dap khdng khi, sdng chin ddng, dd bay) Trong dd, sdng chdn dpng Id nguyen nhdn chinh H.4 Phuang thuc chuyin ddng di rai tgo ede khe nCpt mdi hodc phdt triln cdc khe nCrt phi^ thudc vio gdc nghieng da tin tgi d cdc sudn tang Tren sudn tdng, tdc dpng hdu sung v l phia Roi ty xay gdc nghieng cua sudn ting sudn tdng nd Idm vj tri ndy dlt dd bj nCpt ne Idn hon 76° Ndy trdn sudn ting xay gdc mgnh nhlt xudt hidn cdc khdi dd treo vd cdc dgng nghieng sudn ting Idn hon 45° Ldn tren sudn trugt phdng vd nem, ddy Id nguyen nhdn xult hipn ting xay gdc nghieng sudn tdng nhd hon da roi tren md 45° Trong cdc dgng chuyin ddng tren, chuyin O nid Molas Pass thupc bang Colorado, My Md ddng Idn Id nguy hilm nhlt vl phgm vi anh hudng thilt k l vdi chilu cao tdng h=7,5 m, chilu rdng mat rat xa tCp vj tri chan bd tdng an todn bv=5,5 m, gdc nghieng sudn tdng 3.2 Dal an toan a=62°.Qua qud trinh k h ^ sdt thiy rdng, tdc ^ Dal an todn hlnh thdnh qud trinh khai thdc dyng hdu sung n l dd xult hipn cdc khdi d l Igi mpt mgt tdng rpng nhlt djnh giCpa cdc tdng CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 1 KHOA Hpc VA C O N G N G H ( M d l ngdn chdn hidn tugng dlt dd ting trdn rai xudng Dk g\u Igi hlu hit dlt dd tCp ting trdn rai xudng thi dai an todn gdm ydu td: • Chilu rdng dai an todn: chilu rdng dai thilt k l Idn han chilu rdng cin thilt d l giQ' Igi hit dlt dd roi • Hlnh dgng dai an todn: tdng thdm hidu qua giu Igi dlt dd trdn ting Hlnh dgng cua dai an todn gdm: dai ndm ngang, dai die nghidng vd dai cd dd chdn (hlnh H.5) Trong dd: Vn*"** - Vdn tdc phdp tuyln khdi dd roi sau va chgm; Vn^™ - Vdn tdc phdp tuyln khdi dd rai trudc va chgm;Vt'^"- Vdn t i c tilp tuyln khdi dd roi sau va chgm; Vt"™- vdn tdc tilp tuyln khdi dd roi trudc va chgm '^m H.5 Cic dang dai an toin H.6 Chuyin ddng rai cua khii di trin b& md 3.3 Tinh chat dat di be m$t Khi khdi dlt dd roi xudng se va chgm vdo bd mat sudn tlrig hodc b l mdt dai an todn sau dd se tilp tyc chuyin dpng ddng ndng du vd lyc qudn tInh Tuy thudc vdo tinh chit b l mdt tgi vj tri va chgm md khii dd se tilp tyc chuyin ddng mgnh hay giam di sau va chgm (hlnh 6) Ddc trung eho moi logi ddc tinh ddt dd tgi vj tri va chgm se xdc djnh mpt hp sd hdi phyc Hd sd hdi phyc dugc xde dinh dya vdo vdn toe trudc vd sau va chgm cua khoi dd rai Hp s l hoi phuc dugc chia thdnh thdnh phin: (he s l hii phyc tilp tuyln, kt; hd s l hii phyc phdp tuyln, kn) dugc xdc djnh theo cdng thCpc sau: D l t dd cdng CLPng, it nut ne thi cd hd s l h6i phyc Idn Olt dd mdm, kich thudc cyc nhd thi h$ s l hdi phyc nho ypost kn=T7;;;r ypre (2) n ypost lc = ' (3) ypre CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 1 l/ng dgng phdn mdm Rocfall Vide xdc djnh thdng sd bd md hgp ly ngdn ngira hidn tugng dd rai cd t h i dugc xdc djnh bdng phuang phdp Id phuang phdp thing ke vd phdA tieh xdc suit Bdi vi: • Thdng s l hlnh hpc bd md thay d i i tgi mpi vj tri bd mo • Dgc tinh cdc logi d l t dd hinh thdnh len bd die thay ddi tgi mpi v|,:tfi^ti?eng bd md • Vj tri khii dd rai phdn tdn tren khdp sudn tdng vd tren mgt tdng • Khii dd roi ed kich thudc, hlnh dgng vd lugng khdc (to, nhd, hinh cdu, hinh det) ^ • TCJ' dgc dilm tren tdc gia d l xult mdt s^ dgng thdng sd^ hlnh hpc bd md dua an phdi tich cdc y l u to anh hudng d i n hien t ' c n g dS KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E MO roi Sau dd tiln hdnh kilm tra bdng phin mim Rocfall Phuang dn hgp ly Id phuang dn md trdn dai an todn eua bd md giu' Igi dugc lugng dd roi Id Idn nhlt Nlu ed xde suit phan nhd dd roi xudng chdn bd md thi dd roi ndm tgi chdn bd md Phdn mim Rocfall Id phin mim hdng Roescience vilt tren ngdn ngip lgp trinh C*, chgy tren he dilu hdnh Window xp Phln mim md phdng chuyin dpng cua mdt khii dd rai trdn bd md tCp luc bat ddu chuyin dpng din dCpng Igi Tde gia tiln hdnh dp dyng tgi md dd vdi Phuang Nam thudc xl nghidp 6a Udng Bi (Quang Ninh) Md dd khai thdc d l Igi bd md cao 60m, CLP 20m md d l Igi mdt dai an todn phdng rpng 8m, gdc nghidng sudn tdng 75° Tinh chit co ly dd nhu sau: gdc ndi ma sdt (p=38°; cudng dd khdng nen an=62 MPa; khdi lugng ridng Y=2,68 tin/m'; cudng dp khdng cat T=6,4 MPa CNM c) t a- ^ r \ llJHaVHk \ • \ \ i \I I ^ ' ; : : i , : : ; ^ | , : ! | H ' ; ' •' , \^ ' M I • j ! i'; : t * ' : • ;::;.• j :„i:,::„^ L:a• • • M { • - • h • t M '• x::i:|.r.:;r;rw u • • • • ,, i\ U.:-^ i.x.: :::.•.•::• \ ( • • ' • • • • • • • • • " a) HSTTyHt;%j^ti?il^^^^^^^ H.8 Mdt so hinh inh chay phan mem Rocfall: a- Thiit ki theo thdng s6 b& cua md; b Khi dai an toin dugc phu l&p di kich thu&e nhd hoic di m^t; e- Khi dai an toin dugc phu h&p di m^t kit hgp de chan; d - Khi dai an toan ed mat nghieng ve phia wisauiiiaik : SS\\V /-^,, I \V^ Qua tiln hdnh nhdp thdng s l cua md vdo phin mim Rocfall (hlnh 8a), chgy phin mim ta thiy rang bd md van edn mdt lugng Idn dd rai khdng dugc giCp Igi tren cdc dai an todn md roi xudng chdn bd md vd niy xa chdn bd md D l tdng hipu qua giu' dd tren cdc dai an todn cho md thi tde gia xin d l xult eai tgo dua dgng bd hgp ly nhu sau: .^-4.^-,.^v.^, CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 1 KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHC M CNM •^ Tren cac dai an toan ta tien hanh phu mdt Idp da mat cd kich thudc nhd, (hinh H.7.b)