NGHIEN ClRJ CAC GIAI P H A P GIAM THIEU DIEN TICH DAT SLf DUNG CHON LAP CHAT THAI RAN 6 CAC DO THI VIET NAM PGS TS Nguyen Thj Kim Thai Vipn Khoa hge vS Ky thuSt Mdi trudng Trudng Dai hgc XSy dt/ng Tdm[.]
NGHIEN ClRJ CAC GIAI P H A P GIAM THIEU DIEN TICH DAT SLf DUNG CHON LAP CHAT THAI RAN CAC DO THI VIET NAM PGS.TS Nguyen Thj Kim Thai Vipn Khoa hge vS Ky thuSt Mdi trudng Trudng Dai hgc XSy dt/ng Tdm tdt: Cdng vdi si/ phat triin kinh te - xa hpi cda dat nude, mpt lugng dSng ki cSc lo?i chit thil dd cd ci chit thil nguy hai cung ngSy cSng gia tSng tmng dd cae loai hinh cing nghp xdly' rSc thil hipn vin chd yiu IS chin lip Mpt nhdng nhuge diim ca bin eda phuang phSp chin lap IS chiim dgng nhiiu dipn tich quy dit di thj ngSy cSng hgn hgp BSi bSo trinh bSy mpt phin cda kit qui hai nghidn cdu diin hinh fac gia chd tri thuc hipn td 2007 - 2009 vi xSy dt/ng lupn cd khoa hgc vS di xuit eSc glal phSp cing nghp vS quan ly chat thil rin phd hgp nhim tiit kipm quy dit dang ngSy cSng khan hiim d cSe dd thj nudc ta Summary: Together with socio-economic development, a huge quantity of wastes Including hazardous ones are increasing while the major solid waste is treated using wastedump technologies One among key disadvantages of this method Is occupied a large area of land use when the urban land use is scare This paper presents a part of two typical studies conducted by the author from 2007-2009 on setting up scientific basics and pmposing the appmpriate technical and management solutions for urban solid waste in order to reduce land use for disposing of solid waste in urban areas in Vietnam 1.GldlTHI$U Theo k i t qua cda nhilu nghiPn cdu d nude ta, dien tieh d l t sd dung d l chdn l i p chat thii rin dd thj hipn dang chilm tJ trpng kha eao (tren 50%) long dien tich eda cdc edng trinh xd ly chit thii (nudc thai, chit thai r i n , bun thii) Bang trinh bdy tdm l i t thuc trgng sd dyng dlt ddnh cho chdn l i p chd't thai r i n sinh hoat d Viet Nam Cac s l lieu d Bing mdi ehl linh vdi cdc bai chdn l i p rdc thii cd dipn tieh ti^ trd len, cac bal chdn l i p rac thai cd dipn tich nhd hon hiPn khdng kilm sodt dupe Vide thilt k l , thi edng vd van hdnh khdng ddng ky thudt tgi cdc bal chdn lip chat thai rin da gdy nhieu tdc dpng tdi chd't lupng mdi tn/dng song cung nhu sdc khoe cpng dong, vdy nghiPn cdu gill phdp qui hogch, quin ly vd lug ehpn cPng nghp xiJ 1;^ chit thai r i n phd hpp se gdp phin glim diPn tich sd dung dd't chdn l i p rdc thil vd glim thilu rdi ro mdi trUdng cho cpng ddng TAP CHf KHOA HOC CONG N G H $ XAY DUNG Sd06 -122009 135 Sang Tdm tit thuc trang sddung dit dSnh eho chdn lip chat that rin sinh hogt d Vipt Nam Dipn tich bSI chdn lap Si lugng Sd lupng cdc bai ehPn lap todn quoe , dd: 85 - Bai chdn lap ed long dien lieh tren 50ha 06 - Bai chdn lap cd long dipn tieh Id 30ha - dudi 50ha 08 - Bai ehPn lap eo tong dien tieh tren lOha - dudi 30ha 18 - Bai chdn lap cd long dien lieh tren Iha - dUdi 10ha 53 Cae bai chon lap chit thai sau cdng nghp d sinh hpe 08 Cac bai chon lap p h i thii xay dung rieng biel 02 Cae bai chdn lap hd, bai chdn lap van hdnh khdng hpp vp sinh 56 Cae bai chdn lap thi cdng hpp vp sinh nhung van hdnh khPng ddng 19 Nguin Tong hgp tU[1] [2j [5j Cdc gill phdp giam dipn tieh dd't ddnh eho chPn lap chd't t h i l r i n sinh hogt budc diu dupe dp dung nghien edu cho thdnh Hd NPI vd thdnh Hg Long theo d l tdi Bp Gido due vd Ddo tao quan i^: "Nghidn edu nSng eao hipu qui xdly chit thii rin hOu ea bing phuang phSp d sinh hge phu hgp vdi diiu kipn Vipt Nam mS si B2007-03-1T vd d l tdi:" Nghidn cdu ca sd khoa hgc lap quy hoach quan ly chat thai rin cho cSc dd thj logi II den nSm 2010, djnh hudng din nSm 2020; dng dung cho thSnh Hg Long, tmh Quang Ninh ma si B2009-03-69TD" Bdi bdo ndy trinh bay tdm t i t mpt so k i t q u i nghien edu td hai nghien eiJfu tren 2, PHAM VI v A PHl/ONG P H A P NGHIEN CCfU Pham vi cda nghien cdu tap trung vdo cdc bai chon lap chit thai r i n sinh hoat lai cdc dd thj d Viet Nam (theo Nghj djnh s l 42/2009/ND-CP ngdy 07/05/2009 eda Chinh phu quy djnh v l viec phdn loai dP thj, to chdc ldp, thim djnh d l dn vd quylt dmh ePng nhdn loai dP thj) Phuong phdp nghien cdu tap trung vdo quan trie, khao sat thuc dja vd phan tieh, danh gid k i t hpp thu thap sd lieu vdi dac kiem tra eae thPng s l ddc trung eho chat lupng mPi trudng THUC TRANG XLf LY CHAT T H A I R A N CAC 0 TH! VIET NAM Kit q u i khio sat nghien cdu nhdng ndm vda qua eho tha'y sU phdt triln cda nin kinh t l xd hpi da Idm eho lupng chd't thai rin tdng IPn rd rpt Tinh d i n 2008, ting lupng chit thai rin phdt sinh khoang hon 32 tripu tan, dd khoang 80% Id chit thii sinh hoat (Bang 2) V l CO b i n , thdnh phan chd't thii r i n sinh hoat eda cac dd thi dieu tra, khao sdt b cdc vung , miln dia ly cd su khae kha rd net Doi vdi cdc dd thj d khu vue ddng bing Sdng Cdu Long, ty IP chd't hdu eo kha eao, dpi trung binh ldi 71,07%, cac chit vd eo 18,61%, cdc chd't khde 10,33% Trong dd, khu vuc dong bing Sdng Hdng ly IP chit hdu co d cdc dd thj trung binh ehi dat 54,5%; cdc chat vd eo 29,1%; cdc chit khac 16,4% Neu tinh chung eho todn qude, ly le trung binh cda thdnh phan hdu co dao dpng td 50% d i n 66% Ody Id mpt nhdng ddc thu co b i n cda chat thai r i n sinh hoat d nudc ta va cdng Id co sd d l tim kilm cdc giai phdp cong nghe phd hpp vdi loai ehal thai ndy Bing trinh bay thdnh phan chit thii rin tai mdt s l dd thi nghien edu d Vipt Nam ndm 2007-2008 [5] 136 TAP CHf KHOA HOC CONG N G H £ XAY DUNG Sd06-12/2009 Bang Thdng tin chung vi tinh hinh phSt sinh chat thai rin d Viet Nam Chit thii sinh hoat phdt sinh (tan/ndm) Todn quie Khu vuc dd thj Khu vuc ndng thdn Chit thai nguy hai phat sinh Id hoat ddng edng nghiep (tan/ndm) Chit thai khdng nguy hai phdt sinh Id hoat dpng cdng nghiep (tan/ndm) Chit thai nguy hai phat sinh td hoat dpng y te (tan/ndm) Chit thai khdng nguy hai phat sinh Id hoat dpng (tan/ndm) Tic dp phdt sinh CTR sinh hoat (kg/ngudi-ngay) Todn qudc Khu vue dd thj Khu vUe ndng thdn T9 IP thu gom (% lupng phat sinh) Khu vuc dp thj Khu vue nPng thPn Vdng ddn cu nghPo Sd lupng bdi chdn l i p todn quie Sd lupng bai chdn l i p p h i thai sau xd ly sinh hpc Bai thii vd bai ehPn l i p van hdnh kem Bdi ehPn Id'p hpp vp sinh Nguin: [4} Bang ThSnh phin chit thai rin tgi mpt sodi thj diin hinh d Vipt Nam Don vi: % ~~~~ — ^^^^ Dd thi w° ThSnh phin "—~ _^^^ ehit thai r l n ~ ^ ~ ~ ~ ^ ^ ^ ThSnh phin hOu cO: Thdc dn thda, cpng rau, vd qui Plastic: Chai, Ip, hpp, tdi nilon, manh nhua vun Giiy: gily vun, cation HSNP^ Od Ning' Hue' 53,80 66,0 55,0 3,42 4,0 5,2 4,2 3,1 4,4 4,9 7,0 Kim lo^i: vd hpp, spi kim loai 1.4 Thdy tinh: chai Ip, manh vd 1.0 0,9 1,8 Chit tra: Dlt, dd, e l l , gach vun 28,18 16,4 23,0 Cao su, da vun, gia da 4,9 Gie vun Thdnh phan nguy hgi 1,7 1,4 100 1,6 2,3 0,8 1,5 3,0 0,8 100 100 Od Im, % 43,04 51,2 Od tro,% Ty trong, td'n/m' 13,70 16,0 50,0 15,5 0,41 0,40 Cpng 0,40 22,90 16,80 16,62 Chd'l tdi e h l , % Nguin: [5] Ghi chd: (s) dd thj logi dSc bipt; (1) Dd thj logi 1,(2)- dd thj loai 2; (3) - Dd thj loai TAP CHf KHOA H(?C C O N G N G H I XAY DUNG Sd06-12/2009 Td 2005 d i n nay, Chinh phd da ban hdnh nhilu vdn b i n phdp ly HPn quan ldi hoat dpng bao ve moi trudng dd cd cdc vdn bin lien quan tdi quan ly chit thai rin Theo QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD Quy chuan Xdy dung Viet Nam - Quy hoaeh xdy dung ban hdnh theo quylt dinh sd 04/2008/QD-BXD ngdy thdng ndm 2008, cdng nghp xd ly chd't thii r i n se phli tudn thd eae dilu kipn sau: - CPng nghe xuf ly chat thai r i n du kiln lua chpn co sd xd ly chd'l thai r i n phai hipu qua, phd hpp vdi dilu kien kinh t l , khong gdy P nhiim nguon nudc ngam, nude mdt vd mdi tn/dng khdng xung quanh l i IP chit thai r i n dugc xd ly bing edng nghe chdn lap khdng vupt qua 15% long lupng chit thai r i n thu gom dupe T:y' IP chat thai r i n dupe xiuf 1)^ bing cdc ePng nghp khae (tdi ehl, tdi sddung, e h l biln phan huu co ) > 85% Theo hudng ndy, mpt giai phdp co y nghTa thuc tien nhat cda vide quan ly chat thii r i n dd thj Id giim vd liln tdi hdy bd phuong phap chdn lap khdng hpp vp sinh LTu HPn hdng d i u d hau hit cdc dd thj phai Id ehuyin viee quan ly chat thai Id xd ly rdc bifa bai sang vipe chPn l i p vd di thii cd kilm sodl dong thdi han che tdi mde tdi thilu lupng rdc dua di chdn lap NGHIEN CCfU GlAl P H A P CONG NGHE XLf LY CHAT T H A I HCTU CO N H A M G I A M T H I I U KHOI LUONG R A C CHON LAP vA TAN THU CHAT DINH Dl/dNG PHgC VU NONG NGHIEP O l tdi "Nghidn cifu nSng cao hipu qua xd ly chit thai rin hifu ea bing phuang phSp d sinh hgc phu hgp vdi diiu kipn Vipt Nam'" [6] da chi ring chat thai r i n sinh hogt tgi ele dd thj Viet Ngm cd chi^fg thdnh phin hiru eo ego rdt phd hpp vdi edng nghp d sinh hpc Be tdi da tiln hdnh thd nghiem hipu qua xd ly rac thai hdu co dilu kipn ed phli trdn vd khdng ed phd'i trpn vdi phan bdn td nhd vp sinh cong cpng vd cac e h l dp e l p khde Kit qua cda ede thi nghiPm cho Ihly vdi cdng nghp d phoi trpn rdc thai sinh hoat vdi phdn bun, hdm IUpng ni to san phim g l p 1,4 - 1,62 lan so vdi khdng phdi trpn (Hinh 1), tuong tu hdm lupng photpho s i n phim d g l p Id 1,42 - 2,3 lan so vdi khPng phli trpn, trdng giun sdn giam 91,9 -92,1% T6ng lu^ng Nitrogen hai dd'ng "-TtSng Nitrogen irong ding 1: -Tdng Nitrogen Irong ddng 2i 12 IS l» 21 24 27 W 33 3fi NgiTu Hinh Subien dSi ni ta theo thdi gian 138 TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G N G H $ XAY DUNG Sd06-12/2009 Kit q u i nghiPn cdu cung ehi ring c» t h i dilu chinh dupc ehe dp cap cho cdc b l d de tiet kipm dipn ndng cdc thong so kilm sodt che dp lam viec tdi uu eda qud trinh xd ly v i n dupe tri Cy I h l , n^u thay doi che dp thoi td trgng thdi lien tyc sang che dp d p gian doan (mpt ca ed d p khi, mdl ca ngdng d p khO ty IP C/N theo edng nghe d phli trdn vin dupe tri d gid trj hpp ly (C/N = 1/25) nhu hinh 2, eung vdi chg dp cap gidn dogn, dilu kipn hoat ddng eda d c vi sinh vat khPng bj Inh hudng, mdn sau d khdng cdn mam bpnh Bien dSI ty 1^ C/N theo cic ly If phoi tryn kbic I I 10 It 12 13 —•—TyS3/l 16 17 IS 19 20 21 Tylc4/1 T>lcS/l Hinh Si/dao dpng eda tf Ip cSc bon vS nl ta (C/N) theo thdi gian NGHI&N CLTU GlAl P H A P QUI HOACH CHAT THAI R A N THEO BINH HI/6NG LIEN DO THj N H A M G I A M SO LlTQNG CAC B A I CHON LAP R A C THAI Nghidn cifu giii phSp qui hogch chat thai rin cho tmh Quang Ninh den 2010, djnh hudng din 2020 [7] da xdc djnh nhu cau dd't ddnh cho chdn lip chit thii r i n cda 14 dd thi trPn dja bdn tinh ede kjch ban khdc nhau: Kjch ban 1: 100% chd't thai sinh hoat dupe dem chdn Id'p theo tdng dd thj riPng bipt; Kjch bin 2: Dd'i vdi moi dd thi: thdnh phan tro dUa di chdn Id'p, thdnh phan huru co dugc xd ly theo cdng nghp d sinh hpe; Kjch bin 3: Quy hoaeh cdc khu xd ly dd cd bai chdn lap theo hudng lien dP thi Quy hoaeh cdc khu xd ly bao gdm d bdi chPn lap chat thai r i n sinh hoat cho Quing Ninh dupc dua tren edeh tilp can: Cdc khu xd ly chat thai ran duoc lua ehpn theo hudng NPn dd thj, vdi cdc d p dp phuc vu vdng tinh, vdng huypn, lien dP thj cho pham vi phye vu cd su liPn kit gida cdc dd thj tinh vdi nhau, khdng phdn chia ranh gidi hdnh ehinh eho dien tich chdn lip giam nhung khdng Idm tdng chi phi van chuyen Theo cdch tilp can ndy vipc xdy dung cdc khu xd ly chit thii r i n eda tinh d n phai dupc d n nhic theo cdc yeu td: vj tri dja ly, dilu kipn dja hinh, dd't dai, sU phdt triln cda d c dd thj, quy md ddn sd Kit qua nghiPn ci!hj da xdc djnh cu I h l nhu d u sd dung dd't cho chon lap chit thii rin cda todn tinh theo cdc kich b i n khdc (bang 4) nhim giup cho UBND tinh djnh hudng d e phuong dn quy hoaeh phd hpp TAP CHf KHOA H(?C C O N G NGHS XAY DUNG Sd06-12/2009 138 Td 2005 den nay, Chinh phd da ban hdnh nhilu vdn b i n phap ly liPn quan tdi hoat dpng bao ve mPi trudng dd cd cdc vdn b i n lien quan ldi quan ly chit thii rin Theo QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD Quy ehuan Xay dung Viet Nam - Quy hogch xdy dung ban hdnh theo quylt dinh so 04/2008/QD-BXD ngdy thang ndm 2008, cdng nghp xur ly chit thai r i n se phli tudn thd d c dieu kipn sau: - Cdng nghp xd ly chd't thai r i n du kiln lua chpn cd sd xur ly chd't t h i l r i n phai hipu qua, phd hpp vdi dilu kipn kinh t l , khong gay o nhiem nguon nude ngam, nude mdt vd mdi trudng khdng xung quanh Ty IP chat thai r i n dupe xd ly bang cong nghp chPn l i p khPng vupt qua 15% ting lupng chat thai rin thu gom dupe Ty IP chat thai rin dupe xd ly bing d c edng nghe khdc (tai ehl tdi sddung, ehe biln phdn huu co ) > 85% Theo hudng nay, mpt giai phdp cd y nghTa thuc lien nhit cda viec quan ly chat thai r i n dd thj Id giim vd tiln tdi hdy bd phuong phdp chdn lap khdng hop ve sinh LTu lien hang dau d hau hit eae thi phai Id chuyin viec quan ly chit thai Id xd ly rdc bCfa bai sang vipc chPn Id'p vd thai cd kilm sodt ddng thdi han e h l tdi mdc tdi thilu lupng rdc dua di chdn lap NGHIEN CLTU GlAl P H A P CONG NGH^ XCT LY CHAT T H A I H Q U CO N H A M G I A M T H I ^ U KHOI Ll/ONG R A C C H O N LAP vA TAN THU C H A T DINH Dl/CiNG PHUC VU NONG NGHl|P O l ldi 'Nghiin cdu nSng cao hipu qua xd ly chit thai rin hdu ca bing phuang phSp d sinh hgc phu hgp vdi diiu kipn Vipt Nam" [6] da ehl ring chit thai r i n sinh hoat tgi cdc dd thj Vipt Nam cd chda thdnh phin hdu eo ego r l t phu hop vdi edng nghp d sinh hpc Be tdi dd tiln hdnh thd nghiPm hipu qua xd ly rdc thai hCfu eo dilu kipn cd phli trpn vd khong co phoi trdn vdi phdn bun Id nhd vp sinh cdng cdng vd cdc e h l dp d p khde nhgu K i t qua cda ede thi nghiem eho Ihly vdi edng nghp d phoi trpn rdc thai sinh hogt vdi phdn bdn, hdm IUpng ni to s i n phim g l p 1,4 1,62 Iln so vdi khdng phli trpn (Hinh 1), tuong tU hdm lupng phllpho s i n phim d g l p td 1,42 - 2,3 Iln so vdi khong phdi trdn, Iri^g giun sdn giim 91,9 -92,1% T6ng lir^Dg Nitrogen hai d6ng —•— T i n g N i i r o g c n i r o n g dtfng I i - • - T6n% Nitrogen irong ddng 12 IS 18 21 24 27 30 33 3A Hinh Si/bi^n ddi ni ta theo thdi gian 138 TAP CHI KHOA HOC CdNG NGH$ XAY DUNG sdOS-12/2009 Kit qui nghien cdu eung ehi ring cd Ihl dilu ehinh dupc chi dp d p eho d e b l u dl ti^t kipm dipn ndng d e thPng sd kiem sodt ehl dp lam viee toi uu cua qua trinh xd ly van dupe tri Cu Ihl, nlu thay doi ehe dp thoi tu' trgng thai liPn tyc sang ehl dp d p gidn dogn (mpt ca cd d p khi, mpt ca ngimg dp khi) ty IP C/N theo cdng nghp d phli Iron vin dupc Ui d gid trj hpp ly (C/N = 1/25) nhu hinh 2, cung vdi che dp d p gidn dogn, dilu kipn hoat dpng cda d c vi sinh vdt khdng bi anh hudng, mdn sau d khdng edn mam bpnh Bien dii ty l( C/N ikeo cic ly If phoi Irfn khic Hinh Si/ dao dpng cda tf Ip eSc bon vS nl ta (C/N) theo thdi gian NGHIEN CLfU GlAl PHAP QUI HOACH CHAT THAI RAN THEO DjNH HUdNG LIEN DO THj NHAM GIAM S6' Ll/pNG CAC BAI CHON LAP RAC THAI Nghidn cdu giai phSp qui hoach ehit thai rin cho tinh Quang Ninh din 2010, djnh hudn din 2020 [7] dd xdc djnh nhu d u dd't ddnh eho chdn lip chit thai rin cda 14 dd thj trPn dja bdn linh cdc kjch ban khde nhau: Kjch ban 1: 100% chd'l thai sinh hogt dupe dem ehPn Id'p theo ldng dP thjriPngbiPt; Kjch bin 2: Oli vdi mdi dd thj: thdnh phin IrO dug di chdn Id'p, thdnh phan hdu eo dupc xd ly theo cdng nghp d sinh hpc; Kjch ban 3: Quy hogch cdc khu xd ly dd cd bai chdn lap theo hudng liPn dd thj Quy hogch cdc khu xil ly bao gdm d bai chdn lip chit thii rin sinh hoat cho Quing Ninh dupe dua IrPn cdch tilp can: Cdc khu xd ly chat thii rin dupe lua ehpn theo hudng liPn dd thj, vdi cdc d p dp phue vu vung tinh, vdng huypn, lien dP thj eho phgm vi phuc vu d su lidn kit giua cdc dP thj tinh vdi nhau, khdng phdn chia ranh gidi hdnh ehinh cho dipn tieh chdn lip giim nhung khdng Idm tdng chi phi van chuyin Theo cdch lilp can ndy vipe xdy dung cdc khu xd ly chd't thai rin cda tinh d n phai dupc cdn nhic theo eae yeu t l : vi tri dia ly, dilu kiPn dia hinh, dd't dai, su phdt triln eda d c dd thj, quy md ddn sl Kit qua nghiPn ciru da xic djnh eu thi nhu d u sd dung dlt cho chdn lip chit thai rin cda todn tinh theo ede kich ban khdc (bang 4) nhim gidp eho UBND tinh djnh hudng d e phuong dn quy hoach phu hpp TAP CHf KHOA HOC C(5NG NGHE XAY DUNG Sd06-12/2009 139 Bang Nhu ciu sddung dat dSnh eho xdly vS chdn lip chit thii rin tai tinh Quang Ninh theo cac loai kich ban khSc Kieh ban Ting lugng chat thai rin sinh boat cin duge xd ly den 2020 (tan/nSm) Ting dipn tieh cin eho khu xdly (ha) Didn tich cin cho khu chdn lap (ba) 187062 2975 2975 Ghi ehd: Cac sd lipu bang khdng kidin Kich ban Dipn tich Ting dipn dn cho tich cin khu eho khu chin lap xdly (ha) (ha) 1700 566 Kich ban Ting dipn tieh cin cho khu xdly (ha) Dipn tich ein cho khu chdn lap (ha) 730 227 dao Cd Td T H A O LUAN KET QUA NGHIEN CCTU Td kit q u i nghiPn edu v l cac gill phdp cdng nghp vd quan ly chat thai r i n , mdt s l kit ludn sau se d n dupe tham khao qua trinh xem xel danh quy da't cho xd ly vd chdn lap chat thai r i n sinh hoat dd thj: Kit luan T Van d l lUa ehpn vj tri eho khu xd ly cung nhu lifa chpn cdng nghp xd ly chd't thai ran phai phu hpp vdi dieu kien eu I h l cua l i ^ g dd thj, dd cd su xem xet tdi kha ndng ket hpp nhilu dd thj edng sd dung ehung mdt khu xd ly vd chdn lap Ket qua bang da khing djnh dupc hudng quan ly liPn dd thi gdp phan dang k l vdo viec giam dien tich chdn lap chat thai rin cho d e tinh, quy hogch theo hUdng ndy gdp phan giam dupe khoang 40 % dien tieh chdn l i p chd't thai rin so vdi phuong an mdi dd thi xdy dung mpt khu xd ly chat thai rieng bipt Kit lupn 2: Quy trinh lap quy hogch chit thai ran theo hudng lien dd thj can dupc dUa vdo cae hudng dan ky thuat xdy dung nhim tao nhd't qudn chung edng l i e quy hoach ehuyen ngdnh ndy Theo Nghj djnh cda Chinh phd v l quan ly chat thai r i n (Nghj dinh so 59/2007/NO-CP ngdy 9/4/2007), quy hoach quan ly chit thai rin la quy hoach chuyen ngdnh xdy dung, nhien hien chua cd cdc hudng dan eu the chung eho viee lap quy hoach ehuyen nganh ndy dd mdi dd thj Idm theo each riPng eda minh dan d i n nhiJfng lang phi khdng can thiet sd dung dd't ddnh cho xd ly vd chdn Id'p chat thii ran Kit lupn 3: Vipe lUa ehpn eong nghe xd ly chat thai r i n phli edn cd theo tinh chat vd thdnh phan cda chd't thai vd phai dupe dua trPn quan diem tilt kiem dat ddng thdi khdng gdy ton hai tdi chit IUpng mdi IrUdng dd cd mdi IrUdng dat Theo quan dilm nay, ndm lieu chi sd dung de ddnh gid cdng nghp xd ly chit thii r i n d n dugc tieu ehuan hda : - Tiiu chi 1: Hieu qua xd ly d nhiem; Tidu chi 2: Hieu qua kinh t l dd dien tich dat suf dung eho xd ly vd chdn lap t i n rdc thii d n dupc chuan hod theo djnh lUpng; Tieu chi 3: Trinh dp hien dpi eda thill bj vd cPng nghp xd ly, van hdnh tipn lpi; - Tidu ehi 4: Phu hpp vdi dilu kien Viet Nam; - Tidu ehl 5: An lodn ve moi trudng 140 TAP CHf KHOA HOC CdNG NGHg XAY DUNG Sd06-12/2009 „•» , u A 4„ Hcnh muc d c lieu chi lifa chon vi tri bai chdn lap cung nhu tieu chi lua choTrg^gh" x l fph h'opTnSg ylu tirat quan trpng d l ed dupe dinh hUdng dung £ i S g dnVt'/quy hoach quin ly chit thii rin, ddy Id mpt nhij,g lugn cd khog pc Idm eo sd cho cdng tac quy hoaeh ehuyen nganh nham g.am toi mUc toi thieu cac tac dpng hoat ddng xd ly vd chdn lip chit thai gdy ding thdi tilt kiem quy dat danh cho phat tnen dp thj tuong lai Tai lieu tham khao [1] Cue bao vp mdi trudng, trung tdm tuvan dao tao vd ehuyin giao edng nghp mdi trudng: Bao cao Chat thai rin sinh boat Viet Nam, Hd Ndi, 2007 [2] Cyc bao vp mdi trudng, Trung tam tU van ddo tao va ehuyin giao edng nghe, Bao cSo di tai •XSy di/ng md hinh vS triin khai thi diim vipc phan loal, thu gom vS xd ly rSc thai sinh hoat c cScdd thj", HS Npi, 2007 [3] Luu Ddc Cudng, Quy hoach quan If chat thai rin sinh hoat tai cSc dd thj Vipt Nam- Ky yeu Hpi thao quie t l "Quan ly chat thai rin dd thj", thing ndm 2006, Tdy Ban Nha [4] Nguyin Thi Kim Thdi" Nghidn cdu xdly rSc thai hdu ca cho cSc chg dau moi HS A/d/", Tap chi Xdy dung, s l 9/2009, trang 90-94 [5] Nguyen Thj Kim Thdi, Vu Viet Hd vd cs., Bdo cdo d l tdi; "Nghien cdu, khao sSt tac dpng cda cac chdn lip vS xdly bdn thai trdn dja ban HS Npi - di xuat cac glal phap giam thiiu d nhidm lap chi KHCN Xdy dung, s l 03/2008, trang 28-33 [6] Nguyen Thi Kim Thai, Nguyin Thu HuyIn va cs., Bao d o d l tdi "Nghien cdu nSng eao hipu qui xdlf chit thai rin hdu ea bing phuang phSp d sinh hgc phd hgp vdi diiu kipn Vipt Nam" De ldi KHCN d p BP B 2007-03-17, 2008, [7] UBND tinh Quing Ninh, Dpi hpc Xay dung, 'Nghidn edu glal phSp qui hoach chat thai rin cho tinh Quing Ninh din 2010 djnh hudng din 2020", 2009 TAP CHf KHOA HOC CONG NGHfi XAY DUNG sd06 -12/2009 141 ... dd thi nghien edu d Vipt Nam ndm 2007-2008 [5] 136 TAP CHf KHOA HOC CONG N G H £ XAY DUNG Sd06-12/2009 Bang Thdng tin chung vi tinh hinh phSt sinh chat thai rin d Viet Nam Chit thii sinh hoat... hdu ca bing phuang phSp d sinh hgc phu hgp vdi diiu kipn Vipt Nam" [6] da ehl ring chit thai r i n sinh hoat tgi cdc dd thj Vipt Nam cd chda thdnh phin hdu eo ego r l t phu hop vdi edng nghp... vi cda nghien cdu tap trung vdo cdc bai chon lap chit thai r i n sinh hoat lai cdc dd thj d Viet Nam (theo Nghj djnh s l 42/2009/ND-CP ngdy 07/05/2009 eda Chinh phu quy djnh v l viec phdn loai