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Hdi nghi khoa hoc kT thuat md qudc ti 2010 Cong nghiep mo tien tien vi su phat trien bin vung N G H I E N C U t J C A C T H O N G S O C O B A N D E D A N H G I A K H A N A N G C O L A P K H I C 0 2 D[.]
Hdi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc mo tien kT thuat tien md qudc vi su phat ti - trien 2010 bin vung N G H I E N CUtJ C A C T H O N G SO C O B A N D E D A N H G I A K H A NANG CO LAP K H I C D O N G THCJI T H U H O I K H I C H TU*C A C V i A T H A N V U N G QUANG NINH, VIET N A M TS Phung Quoc Huy V i e n K h o a hoc C o n g nghe M o - T K V GS T S K y u r o S A S A K I ; T S Y u i c h i S U G A I D a i hoc K y u s h u , N h a t B a n ThS Nguyen V a n Hau D a i hoc K y thuat L i e u L i n h , T r u n g Quoc Tdm tat: De danh gid khd nang cd lap C0 ddng thai thu hdi CH tic cdc via than tdc gid tien hanh hai thi nghiem ve khd nang hap thu vd dd tham thau cua hai md than viing Quang Ninh vd dua nhung kit ludn cho thay cdc via than vung Quang Ninh cd the su dung de co lap CO2 d cdc via than khong khai thdc ddng thai thu hdi CH 4 Dat van de K h i nha k i n h n h u k h i CO2, C H , CFCs va N2O dang tang dan cac hoat dong san xuat cua c o n n g u o i T r o n g so do, k h i CO2 duoc thoat n h i e u nhat K h i CO2 duoc thoat tir viec dot n h i e n l i e u co quy m o I o n n h u cac nha may nhiet d i e n chay than, cac nha may xi mang, hoa chat, phan b d n hoac p h a m v i nho h o n n h u k h i thai ciia cac p h u o n g tien giao thong, tir san xuat n o n g nghiep N o n g k h i CO2 t r o n g k h o n g k h i duoc g h i nhan la 290 p p m vao n a m 1870 N a m 1965, n o n g CO2 la 315 p p m v a tang len 385 p p m vao nam 2008 v o i t i le tang b i n h quan la 1.5 p p m / n a m Co nhieu p h u o n g phap co lap CO2 da duoc nghien c u u va de xuat la co lap duoi day dai duong sau, co lap d u o i cac dia tang (cac tang nuoc m u o i sau, cac m o dau, k h i da khai thac cac via than sau khong the khai thac) va co lap thong qua qua trinh bien doi sinh, hoa hoc T r o n g so do, co lap k h i CO2 t r o n g v i a than co u u the h o n ca n o i m a k h i CO2 co the nam v i a than d trang thai hap t h u co t i n h on d i n h lau dai V i e c b o m k h i CO2 vao via than se l a m tang kha nang t h u h o i k h i C H co san t r o n g v i a g i u p m a n g lai l o i nhuan bit dap mot phan chi p h i co lap CO2 V i vay, co lap CO2 t r o n g v i a than la m o t p h u o n g phap iru viet de g i a m ham l u o n g CO2 phat thai m o i t r u o n g T h e m vao do, cac nha may nhiet dien chay than t h o n g t h u o n g se n a m d gan cac v i i n g m o , cac v i a than V i the, chi phi van chuyen k h i CO2 cung g i a m d i dang ke T r e n the g i d i , cac n g h i e n c i i u ve co lap k h i CO2 d o n g t h o i t h u h o i k h i C H cac via than da dugc ap d u n g t h o n g qua m o t so d u an thir n g h i e m tai m o t so v i i n g than tren the g i o i n h u v i i n g than Y u b a r i (Nhat B a n ) , San Juan ( M y ) , Colorado ( M y ) , N e w M e x i c o (My) Shanxi ( T r u n g Q u d c ) , U p p e r Silesian ( B a L a n ) , A l b e r t a (Canada) Cac d u an deu mang lai cac ket qua rat kha quan K h i C dugc hap thu va t o n tai t r o n g v i a than trang thai on dinh C h i n h v i su cong ciia p h u o n g phap nay, n a m 1999 u y ban ciia l i e n hgp quoc ve bien ddi k h i hau da cong nhan p h u o n g phap co lap k h i C phuong phap co lap k h i C 2 x u o n g long dat (trong co x u d n g v i a than) la mot nhung p h u o n g phap de thuc hien cac d u an dang co chd phat trien sach (Clean Development M e c h a n i s m - C D M ) Theo co che 414 Hdi Cong nay, lugng k h i C nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tiin md quoc vi su phat te - trien 2010 ben vung ctirgc co lap via than se dugc cong nhan la l u g n g CO2 giam dugc thong qua cac d u an dang co c h i phat trien sach ( C D M ) L u g n g k h i CO2 g i a m d i se dugc cap chirng chi giam phat thai va co t h i giao dich, trao doi tren t h i t r u o n g Cac bon quoc te Tai V i e t N a m , viec nghien c u u kha nang co lap k h i CO2 d o n g t h o i t h u h o i k h i C H mai dang giai doan bat dau nghien c u u c o ban V i vay, viec n g h i e n c u u cac t h o n g so co ban nhu t h a m thau k h i , kha nang hap t h u k h i ciia than la m o t viec l a m can thiet D a y la cac thong so co ban quan trgng de danh gia kha nang thuc t h i cua m o t d u an co lap k h i CO2 cung n h u cac d u an ve thao k h i M e t a n t r o n g v i a than Do tham thau k h i la co so de tinh toan l u g n g k h i chay vao 16 khoan thu h o i k h i , thoi gian ton tai cua 16 khoan N g o a i ra, tham thau k h i ciia than cung giup cho cac k y su dua quyet dinh viec sir dung cac phuong phap lam tang tham thau k h i n h u phuong phap kich thich thuy lire, phuong phap khoan d i n h huong, phuong phap diing cac phan ung hoa hgc Kha nang hap t h u k h i ciia v i a than cung la m o t thong so quan t r g n g de danh gia kha nang chira k h i ciia v i a than T h o n g so la co so de d y bao l u g n g k h i CO2 co the co lap vao via than va l u g n g k h i CH4 co the t h u h o i tir v i a than Bai bao t r i n h bay c h i tiet t h i n g h i e m la kha nang hap t h u k h i va tham thau ciia m o t so m a u than v i i n g Quang N i n h , V i e t N a m D a y la cac t h o n g so co ban cho viec nghien c i i u k h i than cung n h u co lap CO2 T u y nhien, cac ket qua t h i n g h i e m cac m a u than chi mang t i n h cue bo tai hai m o than co m a u t h i n g h i e m Cac ket qua k h o n g dai dien cho than ciia toan v i i n g Quang N i n h T h i n g h i e m k h a n a n g h a p t h u k h i M a u than sir d u n g cho cac t h i n g h i e m dugc lay tir m o than M a o K h e ( x e m bang 1) Cac mau than dugc n g h i e n nho de g i a m t h o i gian t h i n g h i e m bang each g i a m t o i thieu thai gian khuech tan ciia cac phan tir k h i k h i chuyen d o n g qua cac hat than C o hat ciia mau than dugc nghien tir - m m Cac c h i tieu ciia m a u than dugc the h i e n tren bang T r u o c thi nghiem kha nang hap t h u k h i , cac m a u than dugc k i e m tra am, chat boc, tro va ham l u g n g cac b o n co d i n h d y a vao tieu chuan phan t i c h than de cap c h i tiet t r o n g bo tieu chuan A S T M (phan 26) Bang Cdc tinh chat cua mau Ien mau Ham luong cacbon co djnh (%) than Do t r o ( % ) Do am ( % ) Chat boc (%) Ty (g/cc) MK-9D-1 MK-9D MK-9D-3 MK-6D 69.92 67.78 65.03 59.11 20.83 22.67 25.27 30.79 4.75 4.55 5.07 5.12 4.51 5.07 4.72 5.11 1.67 1.46 1.72 1.46 MK-7D 72.91 20.39 1.51 5.23 1.40 Hap thu dang nhiet dugc dac d y a vao d i n h luat B o y l e sir d u n g thiet b i t h i n g h i e m co the tich b i n h chiia m a u k h o n g d o i ( x e m h i n h 1) He t h n g thiet b i dugc dat t r o n g m o t phong I n nhiet H a i b i n h d u n g m a u bang thep co t h i t i c h 1130 c m va 3333 c m dugc sir 3 dung M o i b i n h m a u deu co he thong van n o i v o i b o m k h i , van an toan, dong ho ap suat, dau cam b i l n nhiet Cac gia t r i ve nhiet va ap suat t r o n g b i n h c h i i a m l u dugc g h i lai 415 Hdi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc ki thuat mo tien tien md qudc vi su phat te - trien 2010 ben viing t y dong n h a he t h o n g m a y t i n h va phan m e m dieu khien Viec k i e m tra ro k h i ciia thiet b i dugc thuc hien tai ap suat d u k i e n t h i nghiem cao nhat cho tirng b i n h chira mau B e han che sai so, t r u a c k h i t i e n hanh t h i n g h i e m the tich cua b i n h dugc dac va t i n h toan The t i c h dugc k i e m soat bang each chen them cac k h o i n h o m h i n h t r u hoac n h u n g hat thuy t i n h nho neu can thiet B i n h chiia mau dugc hut chan k h o n g t r o n g khoang g i a truac k h i t h i n g h i e m Sau k h i b o m k h i vao binh mau, ap suat k h i t r o n g b i n h m a u se giam dan b o i v i k h i b i n h da dugc hap t h u vao ben cac hat than nho cho den k h i dat den trang thai can bang A p suat b i n h dugc coi la dat den trang thai can bang k h i ap suat b i n h k h o n g thay d o i t r o n g khoang t h a i gian gia T h i i tuc t i e n hanh t u o n g t y d o i v o i cac m i i c ap suat cao h o n t—i- i : BuSng in nhi-il 'iii:;:.; Hinh GC Binh thua miu G: Binh thi Cam bifn ap suii GC: May she ky T:Thiei Cambibiethunhiii dV> V: Bum chAn thong du liiiu PC: May linh ca nh&n He thong thiet bi dac hap thu ~ T i n h toan so m o i dugc hap t h y tai m o i m i i c ap suat d y a vao p h u o n g t r i n h trang thai ciia k h i va dugc the hien bang cong thiic sau: (1) RT T r o n g do: n js = s6 m o i k h i dugc hap thy, m o i ; P\ = ap suat ban dau tai m o i mire ap ac suat, KPa; P eq = ap s u i t d trang thai can bang tai m o i m i i c ap suat, K P a ; R= hang so k h i R = 8.31 ( c m - K P a K " m o i " ) ; V = the t i c h t r d n g ciia b i n h , c m ; T = nhiet b i n h chiia 1 mau K B l d y doan l u g n g k h i h i p t h y than tai ap suat bat k y , p h u o n g t r i n h hap thu dang nhiet dugc the h i e n sir dung p h u o n g t r i n h L a n g m u i r n h u sau: V ds - VL a T r o n g do: V PIP, i \ + PIP, (2) = t h i t i c h hap thy, c m / g ; P = ap s u i t can bang, M P a ; V a d s L a n g m u i r hay kha nang hap thy, c m / g ; P L L = thd tich = hang so ap suat L a n g m u i r , M P a hang so the tich V la t h i t i c h h i p t h y t l i da tren m o t d o n v i k h o i l u g n g khoang sang; P L Vi hang so the t i c h L a n g m u i r 416 L = ap suat tai Hoi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien ki thuat tien md quoc vi su phat te - trien ben 2010 viing Thi nghiem tham thau Hinh Mau loi de thi nghiem tham thau Hinh 3.So thiet bi dac tham thau cua than Cac mau loi dugc khoan tir cac khoi than co kich thuoc khoang 0x3 Ocm (hinh 2) K h o i than dugc lay tir m o than H a L a m va m o M a o K h e Sau k h i khoan, m a u dugc p h i i mot lop S i l i c o n va dugc bgc l a i bang ong cao su Sau khoang 10 g i o , silicon se dong l a i , cat mau l o i p h i i h o p v o i chieu dai can thiet cua t h i n g h i e m D l cho m a u l o i tranh b i v o k h i thi nghiem, hai dau ciia m a u than phai dugc cat bang va song song v o i So thiet b i xac d i n h t h a m thau k h i dugc the hien tren h i n h He th6ng chii y l u bao gom bo phan g i u m a u Hassler de tao u n g s u i t ba c h i l u len mau, b o m k h i N cao ap diing de tao u n g suat ngang true, b o m t h u y lire diing de tao irng s u i t dgc true ciia m a u l o i Binh k h i v o i cac d o n g ho dieu c h i n h , v a n g i a m ap, dong ho chenh ap, l u u l u g n g k l , 6ng noi va cac bo phan khac De loai bo anh h u d n g ciia nhiet t d i t h i n g h i e m , toan bo he thong t h i n g h i e m nen dat d t r o n g phong o n nhiet Ong cao su Hassler cho phep gia irng suit ngang true doc lap vdi ung suit dgc true 417 Hdi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien kT thuat tien mo qudc vi su phat te - trien ben 2010 vung K h i C O : dugc sir dung de dac t h a m thau k h i cua m a u than L u u l u o n g qua m a u duoc dac bang loai l u u l u o n g ke dau n o i tiep Cac l u u l u o n g ke bao g o m Ueshima B r o o k s ( M o d e l 5893) v o i l u u lucmg t o i da la 20 cm" phut, l u u l u o n g ke K O F L O C (Model ACM-1A) v o i l u n l u o n g t o i da la 500 c m phut D o i v o i t r u d n g h o p liru l u o n g k h i qua nho l u n l u o n g ke chia v a c h de l u u l u o n g nho hern c m phut duoc sir dung Cac cam bien ap suat C H L N O ( M o d e l PD-5119) va thiet b i chenh ap Rosemount (Model 1 P S M B ) dugc lap dat dong k h i vao va dong k h i de chenh lech ap suat M a u l o i se dugc dat t r o n g ong cao su dau dugc chan bang thep co due 16 de cho k h i d i qua tren toan bo be mat thang d u n g cua mau De dam bao tranh b i ro k h i , cho tiep giap giua dau b i t v a ong cao su Hassler can phai dugc l a m sach va b o i m o t lop rod chan khong De xac d i n h su anh huong cua i m g suat den tham thau k h i u n g suat doc va ngang true len mau than dugc thay doi tir M P a den MPa B o m chan khong dugc sir dung de loai bo khong k h i co he thong ong dan k h i K h i C O ; dugc diing de tao dong k h i di qua mau t h i nghiem L u u l u g n g ciia dong k h i sau k h i di qua mau dugc bang l u u l u g n g ke D o t h a m thau k h i dugc xac d i n h bang p h u o n g t r i n h D a r c y n h u sau: t °f \ (3) 2Q P Trong do: k= tham thau khi, m ; Qo = luu lugng tai dong nr s: u = nhat ciia k h i , P a s ; L = chieu dai mau m : PQ = ap suat k h i t r o i Pa: A = tiet dien ciia mau m": P\ = ap suat k h i dau vao, Pa: P ; = ap suat k h i dau Pa T r o n g bai bao nay, tham thau k h i (k) dugc xac d i n h theo d o n v i chuan quoc te SI la m " Tuy nhien dem v i [ m D ] da dugc sir dung r o n g rai tir lau nen tac gia se sir dung d o n v i m D ( m i n i D a r c y ) He so chuyen doi tir m sang m D dugc bieu t h i n h u sau: m D = 10" " m K e t q u a v a n h a n xet Khd nang hap thu cua than K h a nang hap t h u k h i ciia m a u than M K - D - D va - D sir dung k h i C O ; va C I L dugc the h i e n tren h i n h Tat ca cac t h i n g h i e m dugc thuc h i e n nhiet ° C va ap suat tir 0.1 den 3.6 M P a N h i r n g ket qua t h i n g h i e m tren da chi rang C O ; co kha nang hap thu vao than cao h o n so v o i k h i C H T a i ciing mot ap suat la 3.54 M P a the t i c h hap thu ciia C O ; cao gap 2.5 lan so v o i C H d o i v o i m a u than M K - D T u o n g t u , so la 1.9 lan doi v o i m a u M K - D va 2.4 lan doi v a i m a u M K - D N h u n g ket qua cung co gia tri t u o n g tir v o i nghien ciru ciia McPherson (1993) cho m o t so loai than H o a K y M o i quan he g i u a the t i c h hap t h u C O ; va ap suat can bang k h i nhiet thay doi cho m a u than M K - D dugc the hien tren h i n h K e t qua t h i n g h i e m cho thay rang kha nang hap t h u k h i ciia than anh h u o n g b o i nhiet The t i c h hap t h u g i a m dan k h i nhiet tang tir 35 ° C den 60 ° C T r o n g t r u a n g hgp ap suat can bang la 3.38 M P a the t i c h hap thu giam xap x i % k h i nhiet tang tir 35 ° C den 60 C = Dp tham thau cua than D o t h a m thau k h i ciia m a u than dugc dac t r o n g dieu k i e n m o p h o n g dieu k i e n thuc te ciia dia tang n h u ap suat v i a , ap suat dong k h i qua k h o i than, loai k h i A p suat dong 418 Hdi nghi Cong nghiep r r - 2010 khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te vung mo tien tien vi sit phat trien ben qua mau luon g i u bang hang so cho tat ca cac t h i n g h i e m t r o n g ap suat v i a dugc tang tir 1.0 M P a den 7.0 M P a (trong t h i n g h i e m nay, ca u n g suat dgc true va ngang true dugc thiet lap bang nhau) Ket qua t h a m thau k h i C (k) d o i v a i u n g suat l a m viec ( c ) cho cac m a u than e ciia Viet N a m d u g c the h i e n tren h i n h K e t qua chi rang gia t r i t h a m thau k h i cua mau than rat khac t i i y thuoc vao cau tao v a t i n h chat ciia tirng m a u cho d u cac m a u than dugc lay tir c i i n g m o t k h o i than M a u than co t h a m thau k h i thap co the co sir phan bo 16 rong, v i khe n u t thap va chung rat nhay cam v a i viec thay d o i irng suat T r o n g khoang i m g suat tir M p a den M p a , t h a m thau k h i g i a m theo h a m m u v a i irng suat bai v i cac v i 16 r o n g , v i khe nut da b i dong l a i k h i tang u n g suat Ap suat can bang, MPa Ap suat can bang, MPa Hinh The tich hap thu cua mau than vai cdc Hinh 5.The tich hap thu cua mau MK-V6D loai khdc vdi nhiet dp khdc M o i quan he g i u a t h a m thau k h i CO2 (k) v a i irng suat (o ) d o i v a i cac m a u than e dugc the hien bang p h u a n g t r i n h thuc n g h i e m n h u sau: &=AVexp(-/?a ) v a i ko la tham e thau k h i tai u n g suat bang k h o n g va (3 la he so g i a m u n g suat P h u a n g t r i n h thuc n g h i e m cho cac mau than sir d u n g t r o n g t h i n g h i e m dugc the hien n h u sau: fc= (0.14-4.7) exp[-(0.7~1.4)c ] (4) e D o tham thau k h i ciia m a u than tai a = dugc goi la ko the hien m o i quan he t a i sir e ton tai cua 16 rong va khe nut mau He so g i a m u n g suat (J3) n a m a phan m u ciia ham va thay d o i t u y thuoc vao t i n h chat ciia m a u than He so B ciia cac m a u than t h i nghiem co g i a i han tir 0.7 den 1.4 MPa" Sir g i a m u n g suat I o n t r o n g n h u n g m a u than co tham thau k h i thap co l i e n quan t a i sir phan bo cac 16 r o n g k i c h thuoc nho Somerton (1975) chi rang t h a m thau k h i la ham bac ciia d u o n g k i n h 16 r o n g Cac loai than co tham thau k h i thap t h o n g t h u o n g chiia d u n g cac 16 r o n g va cac v i khe nirt V i the, k h i ung suat tang, cac kenh dan k h i la cac v i khe n i i t t r o len nho hep l a i hoac m o t s6 truang hap cac v i khe n i i t co the dong lai hoan toan K e t qua la, t h a m thau k h i g i a m nhanh k h i ting suat tang cao, va tham thau k h i co the bang k h o n g k h i t i n g suat I o n h o n MPa doi v o i t r u o n g h g p m a u than M K - 419 Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tien mo quoc vi su- phat te - trien 2010 ben vung K e t l u a n Cac t h i n g h i e m ve kha E nang hap t h u k h i v a tham O u v i i n g Q u a n g N i n h , V i e t N a m da thau k h i cua m o t so m a u than d u g c thuc h i e n , sau day la mot so ket luan: o.oi E ••a a 0.001 • K h a nang hap thu k h i C0 den 2.5 lan so v o i CFL • K h a nang hap thu 0.0001 Hinh cua cac m a u than I o n gap CO2 ciia cac m a u than thi n g h i e m n a m t r o n g khoang Cfng suat (a.), MPa Mdi quan he giua dp tham thau vd ung suat tir 12 den 22 c m / g tai ap suat can bang la 3.5 M P a D o i voi ap suat cao h o n , k h a nang hap t h u k h i co the n o i suy d u a vao c o n g t h u c ( ) • D o t h a m thau k h i CO2 cua cac m a u than thay d o i tir 0.14 to 4.7 m D tai u n g suat bang k h o n g G i a t r i la t u o n g d o i thap, v i vay, can ap d u n g cac p h u o n g phap de lam tang t h a m thau k h i ciia v i a than • D o t h a m thau k h i ciia than tai i m g suat bat k y co the n o i suy theo cong thirc thuc nghiem (4) • N h u n g ket l u a n tren cho thay cac v i a than v i i n g Q u a n g N i n h co the sir dung de co lap k h i CO2 d o n g t h o i t h u h o i k h i CH4 T u y n h i e n , k h i da co lap k h i CO2 vao v i a than thi v i i n g khoang sang p h a i d u g c co lap va k h o n g dugc k h a i thac n g u y c o ro r i , phut CO2 bat ngo V i the, t h o n g t h u o n g cac d u an co lap k h i CO2 d u g c t h u c h i e n tai cac v i a than nam sau va k h o n g the k h a i thac Tdi lieu tham khdo P.Q H u y , Sasaki, K , Sugai, Y., K i g a , T., F u j i o k a , M , A d a c h i , T., 2009 Effects o f SO2 and p H concentration o n CO2 adsorption capacity i n coal seams f o r CO2 sequestration w i t h considerations f o r f l u e gas f r o m c o a l - f i r e d p o w e r plants Journal of Canadian Petroleum and T e c h n o l o g y 48 ( ) , 58-63 Phung Quoc H u y , K y u r o Sasaki, Y u i c h i Sugai, Satoshi I c h i k a w a , 2010 Carbon d i o x i d e gas p e r m e a b i l i t y o f coal core samples and e s t i m a t i o n o f fracture aperture width International Journal o f C o a l G e o l o g y 83: 1-10 Somerton, W H , Soylemezoglu, I M D u d l e y , R C , 1975 E f f e c t o f stress on permeability o f coal I n t J R o c k M e c h M i n Sci & G e o m e c h i A n s t r 12: 129-145 N g u y e n X u a n Thao C o n g tac k h o a n v a v a n de an toan p h o n g c h o n g buc nuoc va k h i t r o n g cac m o than h a m 16 T h o n g t i n K h o a hgc C o n g nghe m o , so 2+3/2005 N g u y e n X u a n T h a o , N g u y e n T r a n Tuan N g h i e n ciru c o n g nghe k h o a n thao nham t h u h o i k h i M e t a n v a ngan ngira chay no k h i t r o n g cac m o than h a m 16 v i i n g Quang N i n h Thdng tin Khoa hoc Cdng nghe mo, so 7/2004 420 ... nang chira k h i ciia v i a than T h o n g so la co so de d y bao l u g n g k h i CO2 co the co lap vao via than va l u g n g k h i CH4 co the t h u h o i tir v i a than Bai bao t r i n h bay... hap thu cua mau than vai cdc Hinh 5.The tich hap thu cua mau MK-V6D loai khdc vdi nhiet dp khdc M o i quan he g i u a t h a m thau k h i CO2 (k) v a i irng suat (o ) d o i v a i cac m a u than. .. so m a u than d u g c thuc h i e n , sau day la mot so ket luan: o.oi E ••a a 0.001 • K h a nang hap thu k h i C0 den 2.5 lan so v o i CFL • K h a nang hap thu 0.0001 Hinh cua cac m a u than I