Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo NGHIEN CUU ANH HUUNG DjCH DONG TRONG SO DO KHAI THAC H O N H O P HANI LO LO THIEN B A N G MO HJNH Sd At present, the underground and open pit co mining method has been[.]
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo NGHIEN CUU ANH HUUNG DjCH DONG TRONG SO DO KHAI THAC H O N H O P HANI LO - LO THIEN B A N G MO HJNH Sd At present, the underground and open pit co - mining method has been applied to some coal areas in Quang Ninh coal basin for Increasing the coal productivity, meeting the coal demands for domestic and export as well However, for applying this method, it is necessary to carry out and solve the concerned problems and among them, the mutual effects in the mining activities are very Important The paper refers to the deformation effects In the flowsheet for underground and open pit co- mining technology with the numerical model Theo Quy hoaoh phdt trien ngdnh than, san lu-gng than se tang nhanh, tCp 47,5 tridu t i n nam 2010 ldn 64,7 tridu t i n nam 2015 (trung binh 6,4%/nam), 74,6 tridu t i n nam 2020 (tang 25,2% so vdi nam 2015) vd dat khoang 82 tridu tdn nam 2025 Trong do, san lu-png than khai thdc ham Id se tang dan tu- 20,4 tridu t i n hidn ldn 40,6 tridu t i n nam 2015 (trung binh 14,7%/nam giai doan 20102015), vd chilm trdn 80% tdng san lu-png todn ngdnh vdo nam 2025 Kit qua ddnh gid tong hpp tru- lu-png khodng sdng than tai mdt so md Id thidn cho thiy, phin tru- lu-png nam ngodi gidi han khai tru-dng Id thidn nhu-ng nam vung anh hu-dng cua khai thdc Id thidn vd cd t h l khai thac bang phu-o-ng phdp ham Id khoang 300 tridu tdn, chidm 55,5% tdng tru- lu-png dja chit cdn lai du-pc giao cho cdc md Vide huy ddng vao khai thae sdm phan tru- lu-png tren Id h i t su-e ein thilt nham ndng cao san lu-png, dap Cpng nhu cau |f^»^».ix« f./:^ < / > i j m j f^^^vr TS NGUYEN ANH TUAN TS LE DU'C NGUYEN KS LE QUANG PHUC Vien Khoa hgc Cdng ngp Md - Vinacomin phdt triln cua nen kinh t l quoc ddn Dk ed t h l dp dung cdc phu-o-ng phdp khai thdc hon hpp giu-a Id thidn vd him Id, c i n tien hdnh nghidn cu-u va giai quylt cdc v i n de lien quan d i n md via, chuan bj vd khai thdc, ndng cao hidu qua san xudt vd dam bao an todn lao ddng Trong dd, vide nghien cu-u cdc y l u td anh hu-dng qua lai khai thac hdn hpp ham Id Id thidn rit quan trqng, giup cdc nha quy hoach d l xult so- cdng nghd khai thdc Id thidn vd him Id hp-p ly, cd k l hoach bdc xuc d i t dd md cdc vung sap d l cua khai thdc him Id cung nhu- cdng nghd vd k l hoach khai thdc him Id hpp ly du-di vung khai thdc Id thidn, v.v Bai bdo ndy trinh bdy kit qua nghidn cu-u sy anh hu-dng cua mdt so yeu to gom kfch thu-dc Id chp, sdu khai thac vd vide de lal try bao vd khai thdc ham Id d i n day vd bd moong Id thidn trdn CO- sd kit qua phan tfch trdn md hinh so Kit qua nghidn CCPU se hd tro- cac nhd thilt k l H A IV/r T n md lap ke hoach, thilt k l md khai thdc him Id nam du-di khai tru-dng Id thidn mdt each hpp ly, giup ndng cao mu-c an toan vd hieu qua khai thdc hdn hpp ham Id - Id thidn Hidn nay, cdng tdc nghien CCPU anh hipdng djch ehuydn vd biln dang d i t da md vd be mat dja hinh hoat ddng khai thdc md thu-dng du-pc tiln hanh theo hu-dng: nghien CCPU ly thuydt, nghidn CCPU phdng thf nghidm vd quan trie ngodi thyc dja Trong dd, vide nghien CCPU ly thuylt, vdi sy trp giup eua may tinh cau hinh manh, da eho phdp xdy dyng ode md hinh so hda md ta tfnh chit dit da vd quy ludt djch chuyen d i t da mdt cdch de dang U'u dilm cua phu-o-ng phdp nghien cu-u trdn md hinh sd hda Id sy thudn tidn, do-n gian, dong thdi cho phdp tfnh todn cdc quy luat djch ehuydn biln dang phu-e tap vdi khdi lu-png tfnh toan Idn Trong so nhu-ng md hinh so hda hidn nay, biln nhat vd du-pc dp dung rdng rai nhat Id md hinh du-a trdn Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o Bang Tinh chit ca ly dit dd khu vyc khodng sdng Cao San Khe Chdm Ten ddt da Sdt kit Bdt kit _ C^t kit Cudi kit LPng suat ndn aru kg/cm LPng suit kdo GK, kg/cm 650 713 960 1395 60,24 130 114,0 98 kg/cm Khli lu'p'ng t h l tich Y, g/cm' 50 2,63 123 232,6 398,1 2,58 2,53 Lye dinh kit i'l SI; Clp nirt nd "3 u(.x) = ( l V ^^ V xv] { „ II l-ll ll-lll Phu-o-ng phap phan tu- hCi-u han cd ndi dung nhu- sau: de giai mdt bai toan bien mien W, bang phep tam giac phan, ta chia mdt so hu-u han cae mien Wj (j = 1, , n) cho hai mien bit ki khdng giao vd chf cd the chung dfnh hoac cdc canh Mdi miln Wj du-gc goi Id mdt phan tu- hu-u han (phan tCp hu-u hgn) Ngu-di ta tim nghidm x l p xi cua bai todn bidn ban d i u mdt khdng gian hu-u hpn chilu cac ham s l thoa man dilu kipn kha vi nhit djnh trdn todn mien W vd han ehl eua ehung tren tCpng phin tu- hu-u han Wj la ode da thCpc Cd t h l chpn CO- sd cua khdng gian gom cdc hdm s l '4^i(x), , T„(x) cd gid trj mdt s l hu-u han phin tu- hu-u han Wj d g i n Nghidm x l p xi cua bai toan ban dau du-gc tim du-di dang: (1) Trong dd, cac Ck la eao s l c i n tim Thdng thydng, ngydi KHCNM SO 11/2011* CNKT HAM LO [Pi>y)\{a} (2) III-IV Ci^i(x) + + Cn%(x) = "4 Hinh Md hinh s6 hda khai thdc ham Id & dp sdu 100m dw&i ddy khai trw&ng Ip thien - Khai tru&ng Id thidn; - Khu vt/c khai thdc him Id phu-o-ng phdp phdn tu- hu-u han (Finite Element Method FEM) Phu-o-ng phap phan tuhu-u han la mdt phu-o-ng phap g i n dung 6k giai cdc bai todn bidn Theo phu-o-ng phdp nay, vat the du-gc chia nhu-ng phan tu- nhd cd kfch thu-dc hu-u han, lien kit vdi tai mdt s l hu-u han oac diem tren bien (gpi la cac diem nut) Cac dai lu-png c i n tim d nut se la I n s l cua bai toan (gpi la cdc an so nut) Tai trpng trdn cac phin tu- cung du-pc du-a ve cac nut ta dya vide tim ode Ck v l vide giai mpt phygng trinh dgi s l vdi ma trdn thu-a, cd dgng nhusau (dii vdi md hinh 2-D): PhLpgng phdp phin tu- hu-u hgn ed t h l dung 6k giai gin dung ode bdi toan bien tuyln tinh, phi tuyln va ode bit phu-o-ng trinh Trong bdi bdo ndy, md hinh md phdng d i t da va ede qua trinh khai thae du-gc xay dyng trdn phin m l m PHASE2 hang Rocscience cua Canada san xult d l phuc vu cho cdng tde nghien CCPU md Ddy la phin m l m dya trdn phu-o-ng phap phin tu- hu-u hgn vd ode ly thuylt dd b i n eo- ly dit da cua Hoek va Brown Md hinh so hda du-gc xdy dyng du-di dgng 2D vdi kich thu-dc chilu ddi, chieu sau nghidn CCPU la 1740x500m (hinh 1) Dk md phdng dilu kipn dja chit ky thudt md tu-o-ng ty nhu- trdn thyc t l , nhdm nghidn OCPU da lly ode s l lipu dja chit khu vyc khoang sang Khe Chdm Cao San lam s l lieu nghidn CCPU Dja ting du-gc lap gom cac Idp d i t da eae Idp set kit, bpt kit, cdt k i t va cudi kit xen ke vdi cdc tinh chit du-ge thl hidn bang Chilu ddy mdl Idp trung binh Id 20m Via than cd chieu day 2m, nam du-di va each day moong Id thien 50m, 100m, 150m theo muc dich nghien cu-u Ap lye thing dCpng du-ge xdc djnh theo cdng thCpc (3), dp lye ngang du-ge lly bang vdl gia trj dp lye theo phygng thing dCpng Tlnnnq tin khO^ h n r rf\nn nnho n-.r; J^^^!x f^1^ ,,if^."•!:' Hinh Anh hu&ng cua khai thac ham Id den Hinh Bon dwt va hmh tren be mat sy on djnh cua moong khai thdc Ip thien khai trir&ng Ip thien anh hir&ng cua khai I - Khai tnrdng 16 thidn; II - Khu vyc khai thdc him Id thdc ham Id phia dw&i - Khe nirt t?i chdn b& moong; - Khe n&t t^i b& tdng khai thdc him Id (goi chung Id gid trj chuyen vj tgi mdi diem Gv = an = / H (3) vung dCpt vd) du-gc xdy dyng quan trie khdng khde bidt Trong dd: Ov,^ On Ap lyo dya trdn tidu ehuin mCpc nhieu vdi tru-dng hgp khdng theo phu-ang thing du-ng va y l u vd d l vd cua vgt lipu ddn khai thdc ham Id Khi kfch phu-ang ngang; h l i deo tuyln tinh Kfch thLPdc thu-dc Id chg tang dan, cdc H - Chilu sau khai thdc; vung dCpt vd du-gc xdc djnh gia trj djch chuyen vd bien y Trong lu-gng t h l tfch bang chieu cao tfnh tu- ndc Id dgng tang dot biln va tgo cua than/da chg d i n khu vyc xult hien thdnh bon sut lun nguy hiem, Tfnh chdt ca ly cua than vd dCpt vd cao nhit vd gdc gay tdc ddng x l u den khai cdc Idp ddt da thd hidn nghidng cua vung dCpt vd Ky tru-dng Id thidn, nhu- thd hidn md hinh du-gc lay theo ly hidu "o" md hinh md ta tren hinh Tuy nhien, thuydt Morh-Coulomb Dk md pha huy dat da cdc lye ndn oac khoang each khac phdng tu-ang ty nhu- didu kidn hogc kdo, ky hidu "x'' t h l hien cua gu-ang khai thae, gdc dCpt dja chdt ky thugt md thyc t l , pha huy lye eat vd eua cac Idp d i t da phia ede gid trj ca ly cua khdi ddt trdn Id chg ludn tri Kit qua nghien cu-u trdn da md hinh du-gc khoang 42° - 54° Cdc gid trj md hinh so cho thay khai thdc ehuydn ddi tu- cdc gid trj tu-ang doi phu hgp vdi tu-ang du-ang cua mdu dat da ham Id anh hu-dng ca d i n cac gid trj gdc nCpt tach quan phdng thf nghidm bang mCpc dd dn dinh cua day trac thyc te tgi vung than chu-ang trinh Roelab (hang moong cung nhu- bd tang cua Quang Ninh khai tru'dng Id thidn, nhu- t h l Rocseience) Phdn tfch ode thdng so Qua trinh khai thae du-gc hien trdn hinh Kit qua phdn bien dgng trdn be mat khai md phdng bang each tripdc tfch trdn md hinh so tgi hinh tru'dng Id thidn (hinh 4) cho tien xda khu vyc thudc khai da chi rang, tru-dng thiy, neu lly sai so trung binh tru-dng Id thidn (chieu sau khai hgp khai thdc ham Id g i n day xdc djnh trj so lun Id 10mm, thac 200m, chilu rdng day moong Id thidn (chilu sau biln dgng ngang e= 0,5.10"^, moong 40m, gdc ddc bd md khai thae d i n 50m du-di day nghieng i = 0,5.10"^ lam 30°) Cdng tac khai thac ham Id moong), kfch thu-dc Id gidi hgn xac djnh bin djch phfa du-di moong Id thien du-gc ehg du Idn se tgo vung du-t ehuydn, ed the thiy dien tieh md phdng bang each xda lln vd, d i n d i n sy hinh thdnh bin djch ehuyin gdn nhulu-gt 20m chieu dai theo du-dng ode khe nCpt d day vd bd khdng thay ddi so vdi tru-dng phu-ang vdi ehieu eao khiu moong Id thidn hgp ehl khai thae Id thien 2m Tong chidu ddi tiln gu-ang Trong tru-dng hgp khoang Vung djch ehuydn nguy hiem cua Id chg moi md hinh caeh giu-a gu-ang khai thdc va du-ge xae djnh bang ode gia trj ddu Id 200m day moong Id thien nhd, biln dang gidi han: bien dang Trong nghien cu-u nay, giai dogn ddu cua qua trinh ngang ^ =2.10-^ dd nghieng/ vung sap vd vung xult hien khai thdc, cac biln dgng b l =4.10•^ dp oong k =0,2.10"^ khe nCpt anh hu-dng cua mat chu y l u la biln dgng deo So sanh vdi eae gia trj tu-ang \A/LSO 11/701 l«ri>CKT H A M I O Thong tin khoa ho cong nghe mo I f>"I.Cl y^' y^' - I l f ,i?Ci IMt ,•"1 V'( i .yK lln i n s ^*^ )* ' " f ^'f >| m c r i k itiwM qu Kluapi^rirhhi^ri qisii trir, • H/n/; Kef qua quan trac dich chuyen va tri so bien dang tren mo hinh " t 1 ^."SSiu 1:^ r 1 l_ i I ':^ s ã4 ^ằ ':>^.ôi^ v, • jft Hinh Tac dpng cua khai thac ham Id dw&i day moong Id thien cac trw&ng hop: a - Mot Id cho dai 180m; b - Id cha dai 60m vdi tru phan budng bao ve day 10m Cpng du-ge md hinh s l eho thdy tgi khai tru-dng lp thidn hau nhy khdng xult hipn vung biln dgng nguy hilm Cae khu vyc cd biln dgng mgnh nhit, de xay dCpt vd nhat Id khu vyc chan bd moong lp thidn Kit qua phdn tieh tren md hinh so da chi rang, vide 6k Igi tru bao vp khu vyc khai thac him Id anh hydng Idn d i n sy on djnh cua bd moong khai thac Id thien Sy anh hydng cua vipc de Igi try bao vp dygc t h l hipn tgi hai md hinh md phdng qua trinh khai thac Id chg d cung dd sau du-di day moong lp thien vdi trydng hgp: Id chg dai 180m va Id chg (60m/ld chg) cd 6k Igi trg than bao vp vdi ehieu ddy mdi trg 10m (hinh 5) Kit qua phan tich tgi hinh da chf rang vipc de Igi trg bao vp giu- cac gu-gng khai thdc Id ehg se hgn e h l sy anh hydng eua khai thac h i m Id d i n b l mgt dja hinh so vdi phygng dn khai thdc khdng 6k Igi trg bao vp Sy cd mdt cua nydc trdn khai trydng lp thidn cung anh hydng d i n m i i quan hd qua Igi khai thdc h i n hgp h i m Id - Id thien (hinh 6) O l nghien CLPU anh hu-dng cua nydc khai trydng lp thien, hai md hinh s l cd cung mdt dilu kipn v l chilu sau khai thac va tinh chit d i t da, dd mpt md hinh md phdng khai trydng lp thien khdng chCpa nu-dc (THI) KHCNM SO 11/2011=* CNKT HAM LO va mpt md hinh ma khai tru-dng Id thidn chu-a nu-dc vdi mu-c cao 100m (TH2) Kit qua phan tich trdn md hmh s l eho thiy, mu-c dp dCpt vd eua ede Idp d i t da khai thae ham Id trydng hgp moong Id thien chCpa nydc Idn hgn so vdi trydng hgp moong Id thien khdng chCpa nydc vdi cung cdc dilu kipn khac Dilu ChCpng td ngoai dp lye nu-dc tac dpng len cae Idp ddt da, nydc cd kha nang thim t h i u qua cac khe nCpt vd lam giam mCpc dp dinh kit cung nhy kha nang chju keo eua cac Idp d i t da, d i n den day va bd moong chCpa nydc se d l dang bj biln dgng va pha huy hgn khai thac h i m Id ben dydi, so vdi Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo - »N •"Vita Hinh So sdnh vimg dirt va tdc dpng cOa khai thdc ham Id cdc trw&ng hgp: a, b) -Moong Id thidn khdng chu-a nw&c; c, d) - Moong Ip thien chu-a nu&c Hinh Anh hw&ng ciia dp sdu khai thdc din mux: dp tdc dpng cUa khai thac am Id tdi moong Id thien tru-dng hgp chu-a nu-de moong khdng Kit qua nghien CCPU tren md hinh s l cung khang djnh dp sau khai thac cdng Idn, mu-c dp anh hu-dng cua khai thac him Id din bd mat dja hinh va bd moong id thien cang gidm, nhu- t h l hidn tgi hinh khai thae thi dp sau khai thdc ed anh hu-dng rat nhd d i n quy md khu vyc dCpt vd xung quanh edng trinh ham Id Chi khu vyc dCpt vd md rdng d i n gan day khai tru-dng lp thien thi nd mdi tang dot biln v l quy md vd s l lu-gng cac dilm dCpt vd cho den hinh bin dCpt vd Kit qua phan tieh tCp hinh eho thiy, vdi eung tfnh ehit dit da xung quanh khu vyc Kit qua so sanh cae gia trj dp lun eye dgi vd kfch thu-dc bdn djch chuyin cae KHCNM s o 11/2011-* CNKT HAM LO tru-dng hgp khoang each giO-a gu-ang khai thae ham Id va day moong Id thidn la 50m, 100m, 150m cho thiy, dd lun eye dgi tao ddng cua khai thae ham Id giam d i n tang ehidu sau khai thae, dd bin djch ehuyin ed xu hu-dng md rdng v l hai ben Didu chCpng td, cang xudng sau, anh hu-dng cua khai thac ham Id ddn khai tru-dng Id thien cang nhd Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o Ngodi ra, k i t qua phan tfch tren md hinh s l cung cho thiy, tfnh chit eua ede Idp dit da bao quanh thay d i i thi quy md vd mCpc dp eua vung sgp d l eung nhu- cae gid trj djch ehuyin vd biln dgng b l mgt eung thay doi Dilu dd cd nghTa la, ede gia trj kfch thu-de an toan Id chg vd dd sau khai thae an todn thay doi phg thupc vdo tfnh chit d i t da khu vyc khai thdc Kit qua phan tich trdn md hinh s l su- dgng phin m l m PHASE2 cho thiy, anh hu-dng eua khai thdc h i m Id phfa du-di d i n moong lp thien vd be mat dja hinh phg thupc vao mdt s l y l u to nhu- kich thu-dc gu-ang khai thdc h i m Id, dd sau khai thdc vd vide 6k Igi trg bao vd khai thdc h i m Id Theo chiln lu-gc phdt triln ngdnh than Vidt Nam thi vide xdc djnh dnh hydng giu-a khai thdc h i m Id vd khai thac Id thien Id rit c l p thilt Vide xdc djnh ehinh xdc thdng s l edng nghp khai thdo d cdc dp sdu khde vd kfch thydc trg bao vd hgp ly cd tdc dgng rit Idn din hidu qua khai thac hdn hgp him Id lp thidn, eho phdp djnh hydng k l hogeh phdt triln san xult cua cdc md Id thidn cung nhy kha ndng phli hgp chuin bj didn sdn xult him Id nham dam bao I n djnh san lu-gng khai thdc ehung cua NhBlig van fle C0 ban irong cong tac nd dndi mufc thoat nndic (Tiip theo trang 28) no ndn hogt dpng khdng c i n them nguon c l p dpng nao, rit thfch hgp cho Cpng dgng tren md lp thien dung d l hut nydc tu- eae Id khoan cd dLPdng kfnh D = 7,5 ^ 22,5cm vdi chilu sau hut tCp 12 d i n 28m - Thdo khd sg bd bai khoan tru-dc thi cdng nham giam lu-gng nydc sung bai khoan Vj tri cac bai khoan thugn Igi dp dgng bidn phap la nam tren khu vyc thoat nydc ty chay Kdt luan Vdi dilu kipn md than Tay Nam Da Mai, khai thac xulng sau thi chilu sau khai thdc tang ldn, dp nCpt ne cua d i t dd giam di, dp cCpng va dd nggm nu-dc cua nd tdng Idn Dilu dd anh hidu qua cdng tdc khoan n l O l ndng cao hidu qua n l khai thdc xulng sau cd t h l dp dgng ting hgp ede phygng phdp d l tdng cydng chit lygng dgp vd d i t dd, c i n nghien CCPU ky dilu kidn dja chit thuy van, dieu kidn dja chit cdng trinh, dieu kidn khai thac 6k lya chpn phygng phdp n l phu hgp va xac djnh cac thdng s l hgp ly, dam bao chit lygng n l min./ KHCNM s d 11/2011* CNKT HAM L md, hidu qua khai thdc va ndng cao mCpc 66 an toan lao ddng, giam t i n thit tai nguydn vd chi phi d i u ty xdy dyng ca bdn khai thdc md./ Tii lipu tham khio: Nguyin Anh Tuin, 06ocHOBaHMe napaivieTpoB TexHonoruM noAroTOBKH n OTpa6oTKM yrojibhbix nnacroB MecTopo>KfleHHfl «KyaHr HMHb» CPB, flMecepTai4Mfl Kan.Tex.HayK, MocKaa, 1998 Hoek E., Hoek-Brown failure criterion - 2002 edition Yun R.B., Yun A.B., Makarov A.B., Praetieals geomechanics, NXB MfH', Moscow - 2005 Tai lipu tham khao PGS.TS Ho Sy Giaa Nd hda hpc - Ly thuylt vd thyc tidn NXB Khoa hgc vi Ky thupt Hi Npi, 2010 ThS Le Van Quyen Nang cao hipu qui phi va dat di bing phuxyng phip khoan no GS.TS NhO Van Bdch Ning cao hipu qui phi va dit di bang no khai thic md NXB Giao thdng Vgn tai Ha Npi, 2008 GS TS Nhu- Van Bach Nang cao hipu qui phi va dit di bang nS khai thic md NXB Giao thdng Vgn tai, 2003 TS Le T u i n Lpc; PGS TS Ho Sy Giao va nhieu tde gia khac Cam nang cdng nghp vi thiet bi md, Quyen I - Khai thic md lp thien NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Ha Npi 2006 ... hu&ng cua khai thac ham Id den Hinh Bon dwt va hmh tren be mat sy on djnh cua moong khai thdc Ip thien khai trir&ng Ip thien anh hir&ng cua khai I - Khai tnrdng 16 thidn; II - Khu vyc khai thdc... gu-ang khai thdc h i m Id, dd sau khai thdc vd vide 6k Igi trg bao vd khai thdc h i m Id Theo chiln lu-gc phdt triln ngdnh than Vidt Nam thi vide xdc djnh dnh hydng giu-a khai thdc h i m Id vd khai. .. giu- cac gu-gng khai thdc Id ehg se hgn e h l sy anh hydng eua khai thac h i m Id d i n b l mgt dja hinh so vdi phygng dn khai thdc khdng 6k Igi trg bao vp Sy cd mdt cua nydc trdn khai trydng lp