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Th5ng tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo NGHIEN CCJfU fiP DtltiQ NEO LINH H 0 6 T CHONG Giiir TRONG CAC VUNG ANH HlflDfNG CUA KHAI THAC H5N HOP HAM LO LO THIEN, NO M I N RUNG CHAN VA DjA CHAN For supporting th[.]
Th5ng tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o NGHIEN CCJfU fiP DtltiQ NEO LINH H T CHONG Giiir TRONG CAC VUNG ANH HlflDfNG CUA KHAI THAC H5N HOP HAM LO-LO THIEN, NO M I N RUNG CHAN VA DjA CHAN For supporting the dnfts, especially the drifts under the great ground pressure, the selection of the flexible channel TS PHAM MINH Dl>C steel supporting frame is not only optimal ivrt/j its structures TS LE VAN CONG , but also in increasing the stability of the support structure Vi$n Khoa hpc Cong nghi M6 - Vinacomin and materials as well Hov\/ever, support work with the flexible channel steel supporting frame has been considered as a passive one, not mobilizing the participation of the rock mass in support works, leading to the high expenses for steel use and affecting on the mvestment cost In this paper, the authors refer to the research results on the application of the flexible bolts for supporting the influence area of the underground and open pit co-mining activities or blasting and seismic operations Dgt vdn dl h i m 16 vd 10 thien eCing hopt dong D6 Id xult x y cua v i n d l khai thdc him 16 -16 thidn h i n hpp dypc ddt Khi cdc rudng mo, cae dypng 16 vpn tdi, thdng gi6 v.v nam sdu dydi Ipp d i t dd phu g i n nghin met, chju tde ddng rit Ion ciJa edc heat ddng n l vpi hdng t i n thule n l tCf nhieu moi nguy hiim lien quan bai n l Id thien, ede mcong d i n I n djnh d i t da quanh Id thidn hay cae bdi thai dd eao dy6ng 16 xult hien Dat dd nam hdng tram mdt vv Dd Id, sy sdu phia dy6i vung chieu sau x u l t hidn cdc hipn typng dp tpi hpn, gid tri yng suit eao khai thdc sau gay ndn nhy n l hpn gia tri dp ben nen ciJa da dd (cu d i m mo), bung nin, bgc nguyen khci Vi the, dd bj nyt nypc, rung chin hode vi dja ne Khi ehilu sau cdng Ipn, chin md Cde hidn typng mp khong chi yng suit tang, md tren da xuat hien p h i biln tai eae iiidn typng nhy tieh luy edc me khai thdc dydi chieu ndng lypng, gidi phdng ndng sdu Ipn tren t h i gidi lypng dd cung tang, yng Tdc ddng cua cde vg n i dd suit tir edc hypng thing dyng (eu d i m md) nhp thi tao nen vd ndm ngang khii dd co cde rung chin, nang thi phd gid tri g i n bing hon huy ea mpt dean 16 hay 16 chp Vdi toe khai thae than nhu hipn nay, thdi gian khdng xa edc md h i m Id nudc ta se dgt d i n chilu sdu 1000m Khi cdc Id ehg, cac dudng Id thdng gid, vdn ehuyin nam d dudi mdc ehilu sdu tdi hgn Be mat mo vOng mo Quang Ninh nhip nh6 d i i nOi, 6i dpt san lypng theo qui hoaeh, ngdnh Than ein c6 nhilu mo Rung chin hay vi ^ a chin Idm dd bae quanh dypng 16 bj tgt Id, lam bien dpng, dpi phd huy vi ching v.v KHCNM S6 9/2013* CNKT HAM L B i t dd edng bj nen ep thi kha nang giai phdng ndng lypng gdy n l edng Idn De hpn e h i vipe xay cdc vg n i dd, bung nin, vi dja ehan c i n phai sU dgng cde lopi k i t c l u ching, cdc loai vi chong ed kha ndng tieu hao ndng lypng hay giai phdng nang lypng cua da vd khii da Vi vdy, del vdi cdc kit c l u ehing giij' can phai linh heat, cd the biln dang dp lyc dat vd vypt kha nang ben cua k i t c l u chong VI ehing thep Idng me vdi lien k i t linh hopt dypc sy dung ty rit sdm, d i n van eho kit qua kha quan Chi phi thep ching id d l thay doi kieh thydc vi ehing sd tang dp lyc md ngdy cdng cao Khi k h i i lypng thdp tdng cung vdi vipe vdn ehuyen vi ehing ngdy cdng xa dp dydng 16 ngdy cdng ddi Gid vpt lipu ngdy edng tang v.v t i t cd nhij'ng yeu t i e l u thdnh trdn Idm cho gid vdt lipu ching kit c l u gid thdnh t i n than ngdy Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o T t o i gian, t XhcM g i a n , t tiinh M6i tuung quangOya tii trpng vi thdi gian Hinh Mdi tuxyng quan giua tii cda vi chdng linh hoat ^^ thdi gian tai gdng Hin kit xi vi cot cang tang Trong gid than duge giai phdng biln thep dugc uon cong theo hinh khdng the tang hoge tang khdng dgng van thay doi, vi vgy, vi dgng mgt eat thep hinh (chij' V tuong xung thi vipe su dyng ching khdng qud tai, khdng bj hoge chu U) T i m I p phang cdc vgt lipu vdi kit cau nhp, an phd huy (hinh 1) dugc thay bing thep trdn Td todn Id mpt yeu cau t i t ylu - Lien kit gida xd vd cdt sy thay d i i vj tri, hinh dgng cua Neo la mpt logi k i t cau chi ching bing eac-gdng (lien kit c l u kipn gdng nen lue bam, lyc phi it vdt li^u huy ddng dugc sy linh hogt) Cdc gdng lien kit xd ma sdt giua gdng, t i m I p , xa tuong tdc giua khung _ chong _ cOt bao gim gdng vd t i m I p vd cOt thay d l l theo hudng cai vdi khii da dugc su dung p h i Gong dugc gia cdng td cdc thipn, tdng tai trpng vi ching vd biln nganh md Song, thep trdn, tgi hai dau dp ldn gia trj linh hogt cho d i n tgi t i t ca cde md gdng dugc tipn ren d l lap ecu Nhu vgy, vipe su dyng kit van ch? su dyng neo "tmh" D l Khi xilt ecu, tam I p ep chgt hai c l u linh hogt dem lai hipu qua vi ching neo "ddng"(linh hogt) xd, edt vdo vdi khdng nhung ch? ve mgt k j dat dvoc m i l tuong tdc vdi T i m I p dugc gia cdng tu t i m thugt, tang tai trpng cua vi khoi dd c i n phai dugc nghien thdp phang hinh ehu nhgt cd ehing, tang kha nang ben cua cuu thilt k l , ehe tao vd su chilu ddy nhit dmh du d l vi ehing ma edn gdp phan dyng diiu kien dja chit khdng bj uon eong xilt edc tang hipu qua kinh t l ecu Khi tai trpng dd ndc vd md than Vipt Nam Tu nhung nam 80 cua t h i Nguyen ly lam vipe cua hdng dgt gid trj thiet k l , gdng ed ky 20, eae md him Id Vipt Nam tde dyng giu de xd khdng bi bat d i u su dyng neo be tdng k i t edu linh hogt Thi nghipm xac djnh tai trugt ty tren mat edt Khi dp c i t thdp vd hon 10 nam lyc vugt qud tai cua vi g i n ddy mdi su dung neo chit trpng eua vi ching thep Idng ching, xa bj chuyin djch Sy deo cot thep d l chong giu cae mo kit c l u cung vd kit c l u linh chuyen djch bj ehgn Igi luc dudng Id dao dd vd dpe hogt cho thiy: ep cug t i m I p vd gdng vdo xd via than Qud trinh su dyng vi - Vi chong lien kit cung chju vaedt(hinh2)[1] neo mang Igi hipu qua kinh t l tdc dpng tang dan cua dp lyc D l tang dipn tich tiep xue be vd k j thudt thilt thyc Chi phi md Khi tai trpng Idn hon kha ndng chju tai cua vi ching len tdi mgt, ding thdi vdi vipe tang lye vdt II$u vi neo ch? bang tu 1/10 gid trj "A" vi ching bj pha huy [1], ma sdt giij'a gdng, xd, cOt, d i n 1/20 so vdi vi chong thdp - Vdi vi ehing lien k i t linh ngudi ta thay doi hinh dgng cua cho mSi met Id Vi neo cd m i l hogt, tai trpng dgt eye dgi cdc clu kipn bp gdng eho tugng tdc dge bipt vdi da vd Pmax, vi ehing bj biln dgng Gdng tu thep trdn dugc khii da Vi neo lien kit vdi khii "lun" Sy nen ep khii dd thay bing t i m thep dpt, tam da bang lyc bam dinh KHCNM s o 9/2013* CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hoc cong ngh§ mo khoi dd chya bj biln dpng vd giif khii dd trpng thdi ban diu Sy phong hod b l mat vd sau ben cde khe nOt do eung han c h i , nhat Id tren be mat dypc phun phu mpt Idp be tpng phun Trpng cdc edng trinh nglm vd mo trdn the gidi hipn dang sy dung da dang cde loai neo, chu yeu dypc phan nhy sau: Thep dieu kipn si> dung: nep trpng dieu kien tmh (cdc loai neo dang sCt' dung mo vd cing trinh ngam hien nay), nep sir dung treng mdi trypng dpng - Ve vdt lieu gia edng nee nhy cot neo gom: c i t thep, c i t gd, cit spi polime, c i t spi thep, ing thep Ve kit c l u nep, bao g i m edc loai diln hinh nhy: nee bdm dinh bang bd tdng (neo bd tdng c i t thdp), bam dinh bang nhya (neo chit dee cot thep), bdm dinh bang ma sat tpi khod neo nhy neo cp hpc kilu nem che, ndm InfOl; bam dinh todn than nhy neo i n g hd, nee i n g phing vv Seng, t i t ca edc loai neo trdn d i u hoat ddng trpng mdi trypng tmh (hinh 3) [2] Oppn - llfng suit ban d i u cua nep Dppn - Tai trpng danh djnh eua nep Dilm - Vung ddn h i i eCia nep D i l m - Vung biln dang dep cua neo 25 i "• 20 f 15 10 / y "^ •'{' Hinh Bleu tuvyng quan tii vi bien d^ng neo Dilm - Tai trpng pha huy npp Tir bieu d i tyong quan giiJa tai trpng vd biln dpng nep sy dung trpng mdi trydng tTnh ehp t h i y cd s y giing eOa khung ehing lien k i t cirng vd neo mdi trydng tTnh Dd Id, tai trpng Idn hpn kha nang chju lyc cua klt*eau chong vdt lipu gia cdng neo cung bj phd huy (hinh 5) Trpng mdi trydng md hay cdng trinh nglm, nhy da d l cap trdn ehp thiy, khai thdc mc trpng dieu kidn sdu, chju tdc ddng cua cdc vu no dd, bOng nen, rung chin hay vi dja chin, cac khung ehing Id phai ed tinh linh heat [1] [2] mdi chju dypc cde tde ddng tren Tir nhu'ng nam 1980 [3] [4], nhilu nhd khoa hpe thupc Trung tam Jennmar Pittsburg (Canada) nghien ciru c h i tao nee linh hoat Neo cd kha nang chju tai treng mdi trydng tTnti (hinh 4) 10T vd eo chin dpng (tie dp gia tai 5,4m/s) thi nep binh thydng bj phd huy (hinh 5), trpng d6 vdi nep linh hoat (dynamic rock support) linh hoat dat d i n gid trj 150mm - 200mm neo vdn i n dmh S P nguyen ly Idm viec fir€SSS£ Iisj|]#i Hmh ^t-L _i I _u i j „j ,j mdt trudng gia til tinh KHCNM sfi MOIS* CNKT HAM LO Hinh Neo chiu tic ddng cua gia tii ddng Thdng tin khoa hpc cong ngh# m o H " Lap dat neo linh hoat '• L i i J ~M -; y^ ^ f '/ Hinh Biiu dd mdi quan h$ giCra Hi trpng vi biin dang neo ZT^EZTTTT 'i /ia"!i Da nguySn kh6i dich chuyen VI tri chuyen vj cu'c dai Hinh So dd md ti nguyin ly lim viic cua neo linh hoat eua nee linh heat gidi thipu tai [3] [4] eOng d i u typng ty nhy cde tdi lipu cua cdc nha khoa hinh Kit qua xdc djnh m i i typng hpc (Lien Xd cu), khoang quan giij'a tdi trpng vd biln 1,5(20-30cm) Nhy vdy v i n de ddt Id sy linh hoat cOa neo dang nep ghi nhdn tpi hinh Tir bilu d i (hinh 6) cho thiy, phy thupc vdo kit elu khoa m i i quan hd giifa tai trpng va neo, sy tilp xue g i n nhy tryc biln dang neo linh boat hodn tilp vd e i djnh cua khod nep todn typng dong vdi vi ching vdi khii dd vQ'ng chac (nguyen thdp Idng me kit elu linh hoat 1]^ treo) gdm, bd lien kit cdc Idp da lai vdi thdnh ban dim (CBD) (hinhl) Nghien cu>u lipa chpn d l ban dim vdi chilu ddy, khiu dd vdi kich thydc du de khdng kit clu neo linh ho^t C l u tao cua neo bao g i m bi vdng, gay Khi thilt k l neo linh heat, bd phdn khod neo, than neo vd de dd Theo cde phypng phdp cdc tdc gid diu quan tdm den tinh todn kha ndng mang tai sy treo vd sy linh hept khod cua neo hien nay, ed nguyen nee vdi dp dan ddi thich hpp ly tinh todn, dd Id: nguyen ly xay tren than neo Neu neo, lo neo, chieu tree, nguydn ly ban d i m vd nguydn ly khod neo DO tinh ddi neo, lypng vpt lipu bdm dinh todn, thilt k l theo nguydn ly v.v Idn d i u anh hydng d i n ky ndo di nu'a thi viec xdc djnh khd thudt thi cdng, vd gid thdnh Tir dd, d l nee linh heat c i n ndng mang tdi cOa khoa neo v i n dypc dat vd xem xet mpt thilt b i tri vj trf linh hoat tpi cdc chi tilt, dd Id: cdch ky lydng Dp khpd nep Id 1-Tinh linh heat dat tai phin cull cOa nee tiep xijc vpi thdnh Id khpan, cd khoa nee; 2-Tinh linh hopt dypc ddt tai nhipm vg tree, gam hay khpa cdc Idp dd lai vdi d l khii thdn nep 2.1 Nghidn cOfu lij/a chon dd khdng bj tdch, khdng t h i nyt ne, djch ehuyin biln dpng ' khoi neo d^ng linh ho^t Khpd npp la phin bdm dinh Chieu ddi phin khod neo, theo cde tdi lidu thilt ke neo [1] [2] v&ng chic, lidn kit todn bp nep vd Idm nhiem vg ndng tPdn b i khii da trpng vdm can bang ty nhidn trpng mdi trydng tTnh hppc mdi tru'dng dpng, tac ddng dpt ngdt Nhy vdy, c i t neo dypc dieh chuyin nhyng khdng vypt qud dp Idn bien dang phd buy cua khii dd Dp Idn linh hppt cua khod neo phy thgpc vdo dd Idn dan h i i eiJa khii dd, vdo ddc dilm biln dpng va dp Idn biln dpng thep khiu dp dydng Id vd khpang edeh cdc neo Ty nguydn tac trdn, c6 t h i thilt k l khod neo nhy sau: - Khod neo dang Ing tnj (hinh 8) - Khpd nep ing trg chgyin vj thep n i c (hinh 9) hcpc thdn nep ddn ddi c6 tdc dpng cua dp lyc ddng (hinh 10) - Biln dang thdn nep v.v Khpd nep dpng Ing trg, ben treng dpt mdt lypng chit dan hii Khi dp iye tdc dpng Idn khii dd hode sy kich dpng cua cdc vy n l min, rung chin treng Idng dit, khii dd bj nen ep, tich luy nang lypng sd dypc giai phdng vd nCrt d i y nhy hinh Khod neo Id cdc vit ddn h i i KHCNM S 9/2013* CNKT HAM L Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo Dau Thanh nao dorjg cori Ong Thep hLiihlrv khoa neo Chdl d^n - hoi _ 'Sivja bdni dinh Ong hq: ""••-Ihan neo i Khoa neo Vong ch5n Than neo Vofig chan o Hinh Khoi neo dang tnj, bin Hinh Khoi neo dang tnj diiu Hinh 10 Neo linh hoat diiu chinh chinh lmh hoat bing h$ vit Id so chl>achit din hdi linh hoat bing thin neo djnh v| b l tri tren Ing trg thep Cung nhu khoa neo (hinh 8), cd tae dpng cuafnl min, dia chin dd chuyin vj gay tdch nut lam tan^ tai trpng da va gay djch ehuyin eudng buc De khii dd cdn bdng neo bj trugt qua eac vit djnh vj djch chuyen d i n vj tri kit tiep nhu hogt dong cua gdng lien k i t vi chong linh hoat {hinh 2), hoge than neo ed tinh dan h i i vd dan dai (hinh 10) vdi da lo neo, tren thdn neo lap m|t vdnh chdn Nhya bdm dinh chi phdn b l vOng td vdnh ehgn d l bam dinh kin khoa neo Be than neo ehuyin dpng tu" cd bien dong hay t h i tich dd vCing neo tang len, su dung Ing boc de nhua khdng bam vdo than neo Nhya dd chi lien kit da dpc Id neo Vdi neo biln dgng linh hogt, chf phan khod neo duge bao bpc va dinh k i t bang nhya Phin thdn neo cd t h i ddn ddi 2.2 Nghien cO'u cong ngh0 tai trpng tang Cdc logi neo lap dat khoa neo linh hoat linh hogt d i u lam vipe tren Cau tgo neo linh hogt bao nguydn ly' treo, nen dudi neo g i m khod neo, than neo dudi phai lap cdc tam dpm, ecu luc neo Khod neo Id phan lien k i t K i t lugn eg ban thilt k l neo theo nguyen iy treo, nguyen ly ban Neo la logi k i t c l u ching d i m hay khoa neo Vi vgy, gii> tieh eye, hipu qua, an todn khod neo phai co djnh vdi khoi Tuy nhien, cung nhu b i t ky edc dd ben vung (ban d i m , khod k i t e l u ehing khde deu cd neo) nam ngodi vdm cdn bang diiu kien si> dyng phiJ hgp tu* nhien (treo) Vj tri lap dgt Day Id logi k i t c l u ching giu khod neo dugc coi nhu n i m edn rat mdi vd chya dugc dp vdng I n djnh, khdng hode dyng thu nghipm tgi cdc md it chju tde dpng eua tu* nhien vd ham Id nudc ta Triin vpng si> cdng nghp De khod neo gan dung neo linh hogt rit Idn, nhat KHCNM S 9/20l3» CNKT HAM L Id khai thac ham Id xuIng sau, d i i u kipn dja ky thudt vd dja eg hpc md thay doi Dk phdt trien rpng rai c i n dugc dau fu nghiSn cuu, thi nghi$m vd xae ^inh cdc chi tieu kinh t l k^ thuat cu t h i , nghiem tdc./ Tai ii^u tham khao 1- Rocky Y Wu, Vice-President of Engineering ,Jennmar of Canada, Sudbury, ONT; John Oldsan, Vice-President, Reseadi & Development, KMS, Jennmar Corp., Pittstburgh.PA; Rob Gagnon, Technical Sale Representative, Jennmar of Canada, Sudbury, ONT; Development of Yield-Lok Yielding Rock Bolt 2013 of intemet 2- Francois Charette Application of D bolt in hight stress conditions- Dynamic Rock Support NASetember2012 3- M Chudek Obudowvy Gornicze Tom, VS^dawnictwo Slask K Podgorski, W Podgorski Obudowa kotwiowa wyrobisk gorniczych \A^rdawnictwo Slaski 969 ... logi neo lap dat khoa neo linh hoat linh hogt d i u lam vipe tren Cau tgo neo linh hogt bao nguydn ly'' treo, nen dudi neo g i m khod neo, than neo dudi phai lap cdc tam dpm, ecu luc neo Khod neo. .. hLiihlrv khoa neo Chdl d^n - hoi _ ''Sivja bdni dinh Ong hq: ""••-Ihan neo i Khoa neo Vong ch5n Than neo Vofig chan o Hinh Khoi neo dang tnj, bin Hinh Khoi neo dang tnj diiu Hinh 10 Neo linh hoat... cua neo bao g i m bi vdng, gay Khi thilt k l neo linh heat, bd phdn khod neo, than neo vd de dd Theo cde phypng phdp cdc tdc gid diu quan tdm den tinh todn kha ndng mang tai sy treo vd sy linh