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w Thdng tin khoa hpc edng nghd md NGHIEN CUU ANH HUDNG QUA LAI TRONG KHAI THAC HdN HOP HAM LO LO THiiN TAI M O T SO M 6 THAN VUNG QUANG NINH For meeting the rapidly increasing coal demands for our eco[.]
w Thdng tin khoa hpc edng nghd md NGHIEN CUU ANH HUDNG QUA LAI TRONG KHAI THAC HdN HOP HAM LO - LO THiiN TAI M O T SO M THAN VUNG QUANG NINH For meeting the rapidly increasing coal demands for our economic development, Vinacomin has set up the strategy in enlarging and increasing the mining capacity of the existing coal mines and in Investing in the construction of new coal mines Recently, Institute of Mining Science and Technology has carried out many research works for determining the coal reserves beyond the open pit mining boundary but ean be exploited by underground method, determining the mutual impacts in open pit and underground co-mining activities under the geological conditions in Quang Ninh coal basin to propose the reasonable open pit •underground eo- mining flowsheet Nham ddp Crng nhu c l u than eho kinh t l quoc dan, theo k l hoaeh, san lupng than se tdng nhanh tCr 47,5 tripu t i n nam 2010 Idn 64,7 tripu t i n ndm 2015, dpt 74,6 tripu t i n nam 2020 vd trdn 80 tripu tan vdo nam 2025 O l thye hidn dupe mgc tidu dd Tap dodn Cdng nghipp Than Khodng san Viet Nam (Vinacomin) ed k l hoaeh t r i l n khai md rOng ndng cdng s u i t ede md cu, d i u t u xdy dyng cde md mdi Trudc tinh trang khai thde 10 thidn ngdy cdng xuIng sdu, hd s l bdc d i t dd ngdy edng tang, vipe xem xdt kha nang huy dOng vdo khai thde sdm bang phuong phdp h i m Id phan trip lupng than nam tai ria vd ddy moong 10 thidn Id h i t su'c c i n thilt Xuat phdt tu' djnh hudng dd, thdi gian qua, Vipn Khoa hpc Cdng nghd Md Vinacomin da thuc hien hang loat nghien cu-u ed lidn quan nham: i) ddnh gid xdc dJnh phan trQ- lupng nam ngodi gidi han khai trudng 10 thidn nhung ndm vung anh TS N G U Y I N A N H TUAN TS DAO H N G QUANG TS Le DLfC NGUY§N Viin Khoa hge Cdng nghi Md - Vinacomin hudng eua khai thde 10 thidn vd ed t h i khai thde bdng phuong phdp h i m Id; ii) nghidn eCru nhQ'ng y l u t l anh hudng qua lai dp dgng so khai thde hdn hpp h i m Id 10 thidn d i l u kipn dja c h i t md vung than Quang Ninh; vd iii) d l x u l t so edng nghd khai thde hon hpp h i m Id 10 thidn hpp ly nhdm huy dOng sdm p h l n trQ' lupng vdo khai thde thdi gian tdi o l ddnh gid tong hpp phan trCp lupng than ndm ngodi ranh gidi khai trudng 10 thidn, nhung nam vung anh hudng eua khai thde 10 thidn bang phuong phdp h i m Id, ede nghidn eCru eua Vipn da tap trung ddnh gid hipn trpng khai thde vd kha ndng m d rOng toi da bidn gidi khai trudng eua mOt s l md 10 thidn Idn trdn eo s d Quylt dinh s l 1122/QO-HOQT ngdy 16 140,0 ::' Trii luoiig trang ranli gioi khai ihac 10 ihi^n Trit litoiia hu\ dOna liiai ihac him 16 120,0 i ^.^ 51,0 58,4 3«,2 24,2 Klie Cham IV Deo Nai Xui Beo Hinh Tuomg quan trOlugmg huy dgng vio khai thic ham Id -16 thiin tai mgt sd khoing sing than KHCNM s d 1/2012-* CNKT HAM LO w Thdng tin khoa hpc cdng nghe md thdng 05 nam 2008 cua HOi dong Thanh vidn (HDTV) Vinacomin, theo hudng ndng cao hp s l bdc gidi hpn, ndng cao t i i da ndng lyc khai thde, phii hpp vdi quy hopch d l thai, v^n tai, thodt nude vd bao vp mdi trudng Kit qua ddnh gid cho thly, phln trulupng than ndm dudi ddy moong vd trdn bd ting ngodi bidn gidi khai trudng tpi cdc md 10 thidn khoang 293,5 tridu t i n ting s l 528,7 tridu t i n ddnh gid, chilm 55,5% ting tru- lupng dja chit edn Ipi 6ugc giao eho ede md (hinh 1) Do dd, d l ddp Crng nhu clu tdng san lupng cde ndm tdi, eIn nghien eCru vd xem xdt ede giai phdp khai thde hpp ly nhdm tpn thu t i i da nguon tdi nguyen ndy dam bao an todn vd hidu qua Kinh nghipm khai thde hdn hpp ham Id -10 thidn trdn t h i gidi da eho thly, ed ylu t l anh hudng chinh dp dgng so d l khai thde hdn hpp him Id - 10 thidn, gom: anh hudng cua chin dOng no 10 thidn din cde edng trinh him Id; anh hudng djeh dOng dit dd md khai thde him Id din dO on djnh bd moong 10 thidn; vd anh hu'dng eua nude moong 10 thidn vd bdi thai dit dd bdn trdn din khai thde him Id phia dudi Hinh Do chan dgng bang thiet bi Blastmate III Trong dieu kipn khai thac hln hpp him Id 10 thidn, vide n l trdn khai trudng 10 thidn ed t h i anh hudng d i n cdc cdng trinh h i m Id phia dudi hay ria moong 10 thidn Khi n l trdn md 10 thidn, ngodi ndng lupng sinh 6k phd vd d i t dd vd gdy nCrt tdch edn tpo sdng chin dOng lan truyin mdi trudng d i t dd, thuOc vdo cudng dO cd t h i gdy ndn nhQ'ng thidt hpi khdc eho cdc edng trinh ddn sinh, edng nghidp phpm vi anh hudng eua vg n l Anh hudng ndy Idm tdng cudng dO phdt triln khe nCrt d i n dudng Id, tdng tai trpng ndc Id khai thde, gdy cdc hu hpi nhu tgt \&, bong trdc dudng Id khai thde, tdng dO xult nudc qua cde khe nCrt vdo dudng Id Kit qua nghidn cuu ly thuyet cho thly, mirc dO anh hudng cua sdng chin dOng n l phg thuOe ehu y l u bdi cdc y l u t l : quy md vy n l , khoang cdch tir cdng trinh h i m Id d i n tdm vg n l , vd ddc tinh eo ly d i t da md (tic ehuyin am d i t da, hi s6 biln dpng, hd s l Poatson v.v.) Ngoai nghidn eCru ly thuyit, Vidn cQng da tiln hdnh dae thyc nghidm muc chin dOng tir cac vg n l lp thidn d mOt s l md nhu Nui Beo Khdnh Hda blng thilt bj chin dOng dja chin Blastmate III (hinh 2) Kit qua sdng chin dOng dupe ting hpp bang K i t qua dpc sdng chin dOng tpi cdc md trdn cho thly, mCpc dO c h i n dOng n l ty Id thudn vdi quy md eua vu n l vd ty Id nghjch vdi khoang Bdng Ket qud inh hwdng chin d^ng tr§n md than ig thiin bing thiit bj Blasmate III Ten md Mo than Nui Bdo Mo than Khdnh H6a ThUty bai no Quy md vy no, kg Bdi Bdi Bdi Bdi Bdi Bdi Bdil Bdi 406 412 410 328 367 387 806 3460 Long (theo Tran (theo Vert (theo Tdcdd dao Khoing phuxyng lan phuxyng lan phuxyng lan ddng tong cich den truyin ngang) truyin dung) truyen dgc), hgp, mm/s diim mm/s mm/s mm/s 1,35 0,635 335 1,27 0,508 0,762 1,04 0,635 313 0,889 5,59 5,93 3,81 289 2,54 3.56 4,44 4,98 276 2,57 0,889 ~^r 0,635 1,54 1\ 321 1,40 0,127 0,254 ^ 0,31 _ 456 0.254 5,84 ]u 6,58 5,84 250 4,32 12,4 8,89 14,3 _ 13,5 150 KHCNM s d 1/2012* CNKT HAM LO Thdng tin khoa hpc edng nghd md edeh tu- tdm vg n l tdi cdng trinh Tpi md Nui Beo, toe dO chin dOng dupe Idn nhat Id 5,93mm/s tuong ung vdi quy mo vu no khoang 410kg va khoang edeh tip tdm vu no tdi vj tri khoang 289m Khi khoang edeh cdng xa (456m) vd quy md vu n l nhd (387kg) thi toe dO chin dOng rit nhd, khoang 0,31 mm/s Tpi md Khdnh Hda, tie dO chin dOng Idn nhlt bang 14,3mm/s quy md vg n l Id 3460 kg vd khoang edeh tir tdm bdi n l d i n dilm khoang 150m Cdn cu theo Quy chuin QC 02: 2008 BCT thi sdng chin dOng no tai cdc md dupe nghidn CCPU dam bao an todn d i i vdi edng trinh ham Id d dilm Trdn eo sd nhCrng kit qua dpe ndu trdn, kit hpp vdi ede nghidn eCru ly thuyit da dpt dLPpe, Vidn da thdnh lap bilu xdc dinh khoang cdch an todn tu' tmng tdm vu no din cdng trinh him Id, dya trdn cac thdng s l diu vdo nhu khii lupng thuoc no, toe dO tmyIn am dat dd, he s l Poatson, vd hd so biln dpng ddn hoi (hinh 3) Nghidn CCPU cua Vidn cQng da ehi rang, thdi gian vi sai hop ly se Idm giam chan dOng no 10 thidn Nghidn eCru anh hudng djeh dOng khai thde h i m Id phia dudi d i n dO on djnh eua bd moong 10 thidn dupe Vidn Khoa hpe Cdng nghd Md thye hidn theo ba hudng chinh: nghidn CCPU ly thuyit, nghidn CU'U phdng thi nghipm vd quan trac ngodi thue t l Nghidn eCru ly thuyit dua trdn phdn tich ede tdi lipu hipn ed nudc va trdn t h i gidi 6k xdc djnh vung anh hudng djch dOng va quy luat djch ehuyin, biln dpng bd md 10 0.25 0.20 0.3oC Chl^u qAy try bi p v^ d i ^i 6Ay n A 1^ 62 50 100 B7 75,0 Trong IruOng I (V6I E < 0.0001) 37 60 51.5 42 34 rrong IriA^ng II (V6I E < 0,0002) 33 27 54 47 40 Trong Irudng III (V6I E < 0003) thl< n m 37 25 25.0 17.0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Kh6l tuong Ihutfc nrf, Kg 85 20.0 Hinh Bieu xdc djnh khodng edeh an todn den tam vy no 1^ thien C I C Hinh So xdc djnh ving dnh huvng eua khai thde hon hgp Id thien - ham Id thidn so khai thde Nghidn cu-u quy ludt djeh hdn hpp ham Id -10 thidn Cde ehuyin vd biln dpng bd ludn dilm ly thuyit hidn ed dd moong 10 thidn eho thly, ehi rdng: i) bidn gidi vung khai thde ham Id phia dudi anh hudng djch dOng khai moong 10 thidn, anh hudng thde hdn hpp him Id 10 thidn djeh dOng ed t h i Idm tdng gde duqtc xdc djnh bang miln hpp doe bd moong 10 thidn, vd eua vung anh hudng khai giam cde gidi hpn dO cu-ng thde 10 thidn vd vung anh eua khoi dit dd bd hudng khai thde him Id moong 10 thidn (hinh 5) Hdu (hinh 4); vd ii) dO sdu an todn qua Id lam suy giam ede lye khai thde him Id dudi ddy khai kdo giQ- mat giam ylu, tardng 10 thidn phg thuOc vdo ddn d i n sy suy giam dO kidn chilu ddy khlu than vd kieh CO bd md 10 thidn, gay mit on thude guong khai thde Id ehp djnh bd moong, bd ting MCPC Nhu vay, khai tardng 10 dO suy giam dO kidn co bd thidn nam ngodi gidi hpn bin moong 10 thidn phg thuOc vdo djch chuyen khai thde him cde y l u to: cudng dO phd huy Id, hope khai thde ham Id d c l u true khii ddt dd; tuong dO sdu du Idn, thi khai tardng quan giQ'a ^gdc nghidng eua md 10 thidn vd md him Id cd the mat giam y l u vd khu vyc khai 6uQtc coi nhu khdng anh hudng thde ham Id; dO eCrng ban dau eua khoi dat dd; giai dopn djch dOng qua lai ldn KHCNM s d 1/2012* CNKT HAM LO w Thdng tin khoa hpc cdng nghe md rd anh hudng cua dilu ki^n ky thudt md cQng nhu cdc thdng s l cua so d l cdng ngh? khai thde him Id din quy lugt vd mCre dO djch ehuyin, bien dpng dit dd bd moong lp thidn Md hinh 6ugc xdy dyng trdn phln mim PHASE2 hdng Rocscience cua Canada san xult, theo phuong phap phln tLP hCpu hpn vd cdc ly thuyit v l phd huy dit dd mo cua Hoek-Brown Md hinh so hda md phdng khai thde hon hop him Id 10 thidn dilu kidn dja chit ky thudt mo Hinh So dich chuyen vd bien dang dat da t>d' moong Ig thien Khe Chdm ll-IV (hinh 6) Kit khai thde ham 16 du-&i qua phdn tich trdn md hinh s6 dd cho thly, anh hudng cua khai thde him Id phia du-ai din moong 10 thidn vd bl m|t dja hinh phg thuOc vao mpt so ylu t l nhu chiiu cao khlu, kich thudc guong khai thac him Id, dO sdu khai thde va vide d l lai trg bao vp khai thac him Id o l nghien cuu thyc nghipm phdng thi nghipm cde qua trinh djch dOng, Vidn Khoa hpc Hinh Md hinh so md phdng khai thac Cdng nghp Md da tiln hdnh hon hgp ham Id - Id thien xdy dyng md hinh vpt liiu tLfong duong md phdng m|t clt dja chit tuyln XVI khodng sdng Khe Cham (hinh 7) vdi ty Id 1:100 Nphidn cuu cdc kit Hinh Nghien qua quan trdc va tinh todn djch cdu quy luat dich chuyen va bien dOng tren md hinh vpt lipu dang dat da tren tuong duong cho thly, dpc md hinh vat lieu dilm cua cac qua trinh biln tuxyng duxyng dpng, pha huy va djch chuyin cac Idp dit dd tren md hinh ve CO ban phu hpp vdi cac quy ludt djch chuyin theo tinh toan ly thuyit cung nhu quan trac djch dOng thyc t l phdt triln eua vung djch cQng anh hudng din mCpc dO o l kilm chu'ng cdc kit qua ehuyin; quy md vd tic dO khai biln dang bd moong 10 thidn nghidn cu-u ly thuyit cQng nhuthde him Id Nghidn cu'u cung Ben canh nghidn CLPU ly thyc nghipm tren md hinh vgt cho thly, trinh ty khai thde vd thuyit, ViOn da tiln hanh xdy lidu tuong duong, dong thai hudng tiln guong Id chp dyng md hmh s l hda 6k lam qua xac djnh cac thdng so KHCNM SO 1/2012* CNKT HAM L w Thdng tin khoa hoc cdng nghd md eao thi edng cd nguy eo sQng nude Hp s l /en ldn thi b l ddy khlu than cQng Idn, tao Old Ky TT Tdn gdc nhilu khdng gian ring ed kha hi|u ndng tich ehCra nude Idng G6e djeh chuyin gidi hpn theo dudng 6o phu'o-ng 65-70 dit Vdi cde md cd /en 'dn nhu Gde djeh chuyen gidi hpn theo hu-dng doc Thong Nhlt, Tdn Lpp glQ-a Yo ldn 65-70 mua khd vdn ed t h i buc nude Gde djeh ehuyin gidi hpn tiheo hu-dng die tdi ea ngdn rn^lh kha ndng Po xuong 36-50 tich ehCpa nude dudi dit rat Idn G6c djeh ehuyin theo dudng phu-ang 75-80 dd vdch Id cQ v.v Gde djch ehuyin theo hu-dng die Idn 75-80 Nghidn eCru dpe dilm dja 45-60 Gde djeh ehuyin theo hu-dng die xuIng P, chit thuy vdn, dja chit edng 80-85 Gde nirt tdch theo du-dng phu-ang _5 trinh vung than Quang Ninh Gdc nirt tdch theo hu-dng die ldn Y.', „ 80-85 eho thly, dja ting mOt so khu '55:65 " Gdc nu-t tdch theo hudng doc xuong P _ vyc viing Quang Ninh ed clu G6c syp hodn todn theo hu-dng doc true don nghidng, clu taie nip 10 50-55 xuong uln hope Id sy tong hpp eua hai 11 Gdc sup d l hodn todn theo hudng die Idn ' ' * 56-69 lopi clu true ndy Do phan Idn G6e sgp d l hodn todn theo hu-dng du-dng 12 cdc ting dit dd diu ed 10 via 4^3 52-58 phu-ang trdn mpt dit ndn ede ting dit dd 60-70 13 G6c lun cg-c dpi e din nude tit (bao gIm ea via djeh ehuyin vd biln dang dpe ehuyin vd biln dpng khii dit than antraxit) ed eo hOi tilp tarng eho dit dd md khu vyc dd bdn trdn khai thde him Id nhdn nudc mua, nude mat, vung than Quang Ninh, Vipn phia dudi, gom vung spp do, nude moong 10 thidn bo Khoa hpe Cdng nghd Md da tiln viing nCrt ne vd vung biln dpng cap eho nude dudi dit Idm tang hdnh quan trac djch dOng tai dec Vide xdc djnh ranh gidi ddng chay, dong thdi, nude mat mOt s l md ham Id bao gom giCra vung biln dpng dec vd tham chay theo ede khe nCrt Mpo Khd, Nam Mdu, Hd Lim, vung nCrt ne trdn mat cat dCrng tdch Idp xuong sdu rit nhanh Mdng DLrong Kit qua tinh todn cd y nghTa thye t l Idn, nd eho Theo ddnh gid eua Vidn Khoa so lipu quan trie da xdc c^nh phdp xdc djnh dO sdu an todn hpe Cdng nghp Md, ddy Id eae dLPpe mOt s l thdng s l co ban, khai thde him Id dudi ede lopi clu tnjc bat Ipi doi vdi khai thde him Id dudi khai tardng 10 dii tupng ehCpa nude 6ugc trinh bdy bang Trdn eo sd nghidn eCru ly thidn chCra nude Kit qua quan trac thye t l c l u tnjc nip uln thudn Ipi da eho thay sy phu hpp giQ'a thuyit vd kinh nghipm khai cho nudc ngam tich dpng nghidn CCPU ly thuyit vd thye thde dudi day moong 10 thidn t l Day Id nhQ'ng kit qua cd y ehCpa nude d cde md trdn t h i ddi dOng tg nip Idm, hinh nghTa quan trpng, gdp phln gidi, Vipn Khoa hpc Cdng thdnh ede Idng trao chCra nude bo sung eo sd dQ' lipu cho nghd Md dd xdc Ipp dupc ede dp lye bdn trdn via than Ody Id cdng tdc nghidn eCru vd thilt edng thCre ly thuyit cQng nhu eau true diln hinh eua ede khu k l md qud trinh triln thye nghipm 6k xdc djnh vyc md Hd Lim, Binh Minh, khai dp dung so khai thde chilu sdu khai thde an todn Khdnh Hda Kinh nghipm thye Theo dd, chilu sdu khai thde t l cho thly, cde Id ehp khai ddo hdn hpp ham Id -10 thidn Song song vdi cac nghidn an todn dudi ddy moong 10 d ddy cdc nip Idm hay dOng tg CU'U anh hudng djch dOng, thidn vd bai thai dit dd, cd kha se cd lupng nudc chay vdo Idn Vidn Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md nang tich tg nude, phg thuOc glp ^ iln so vdi Id chp khai ddo cung mCre nhung nam d da tiln hdnh nghidn eCru cac chu y l u bdi chilu day khlu anh hudng cua nudc than Chilu eao khlu edng dinh n i p loi Do do, Id chp moong 10 thidn d i n khai thde Idn thi tpo thdnh vung khe nut khau than ede nip Idm him Id phia dudi, dd tpp d i n nudc edng Idn Nhu vpy, cd didn tich tiep nhdn nude tmng nghidn CCPU cdc vung djch md ed hp so chCra than /en cang mua trdn b l mpt dja hinh Bdng Thdng so djch chuyin dit di md t^i mgt s6 md than vOng Quing Ninh KHCNM SO 1/2012* CNKT HAM L Thdng tin khoa hpc cdng nghe md "W thdng thudng ldn g l p iln so vdi Id ehp khlu c l u true don nghieng ndn vdi eung mOt trpn mua ldn, cde Id ehp khlu than d eung dO sdu nhung d ddy nip Idm thudng bj ngpp Igt nhanh hon Id ehp khlu than d ede don nghieng Vdi ddc dilm dja ting nhu trdn, rit nhilu trudng hpp, mac du moong 10 thidn ndm ngodi vung anh hudng djeh dOng bdi khai thde h i m Id dudi Tuy nhidn, nude chua moong vdn ed t h i chay vdo Id khai thde Nguydn nhdn d ddy Id t i n tpi mOt ting ddn nude ndm ben trdn Id khai thde vd bdn du-di khai trudng 10 thidn, giao cdt vdi ea hai vung khe nCrt Id: vung khe nCrt d i n nude, hinh thdnh khai thde him Id; vd vung khe nCpt dudi ddy khai trudng 10 thidn, hinh thdnh hopt dOng khai thde 10 thidn hope phd huy eua nude moong 10 thidn Ngodi ede y l u to anh hudng ndu trdn, kha nang xult nude tir moong 10 thidn vdo md ham Id cdn ed t h i ede nguydn nhdn nhu t i n tai ede khoang I edeto, cde dCrt gay kiln tao vung khai thde, ed kha ndng ddn nudc hope chCra nudc Thdng thudng, tardng hop d i n nude se it nguy hilm hon trudng hpp chCra nude Bdi vi, n l u ede d i i tupng ehi d i n nude, ta cd t h i tinh todn luu lupng nudc chay vdo md, tu' dd dua cdc bidn phdp thodt nudc hpp ly Trong trudng hpp dii tupng ndy chCra nudc bdn trdn Id khai thac, ludn tilm an nguy co bgc nudc bit ngd, thudng gay cdc sy co nghiem trpng, can trd k l h i m Id phia dudi: khai thde h i m Id d chilu sau Idn hon chilu sdu khai thde an todn; xdy dyng cdc muong thodt nudc vdnh dai vd to chCrc bom thodt nudc khai trudng 10 thien hop ly; hodn tho moong 10 thien sau kit thuc khai thde dam bao phgc h i i ting phu, tham thye vdt, nhdm phdn tdn lupng nudc mua, giam xdi mdn, dpc bidt gidm lupng nudc mua tin dpng cdc khe nCrt xuIng sdu; bom, phut dp vCpa gia cudng d i t dd vdo hang hoc, khe nCrt d i t dd dudi dp lyc eao tao ede gdn kit mdi lam gia tdng dO I n djnh, cudng dO chju lyc vd chlng chju nudc cua d i t dd; d l Ipi trg bao vd hop ly khai thde h i m Id; giai phdp khai thac dp dgng chdn Id todn phln Ngoai ra, can tien hdnh tinh todn dy bdo kha nang syt lun bl mdt dia hinh vd bd moong lp thien khai thac tilm Id phia dLPdi vd quan trie, kilm tra djnh - Giai phdp giam anh hudng ky djeh ehuyin, biln dang eua bd djch dOng khai thde him Id moong 10 thien qua trinh phia dudi din dO I n djnh cua khai thac d l dy bao vd ed bipn bd moong 10 thidn: fc)l tri k l phdp XLP ly kjp thdi cdc sy d o l dp dgng cdc giai phap hopch khai thde him Id vd 10 ky thudt va cdng nghd ndi trdn thidn hop ly, dam bao khdng vdo thyc t l san xult, cin thilt ding thdi khai thde bdng ea hai phLPong phdp ciing mOt phai tilp tgc nghien CCPU thii' phpm vi hpp; b l tri trinh ty khai nghidm, lya chpn giai phap thde him Id, hudng tiln guong phu hpp vdi tirng dilu kipn Id chp, cho anh huo-ng djch md cg t h i Trong thdi gian tdi, dOng din bd moong 10 thidn Id ViOn Khoa hoc Cdng nghd Mo Vinacomin se tiln hdnh thdm thip nhlt; 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