Nganh Nang luang An Do chon hifdng di nao sau sif CO mat dien? Cuoi thang 7/2012, An Bp 6d trcii qua mpt sU co mat dien ldn chUa timg cd trong Ijch sijr nhan loai Hon mpt mjfa dan so cua qud''''c gia ddn[.]
Nganh Nang luang An Do chon hifdng di nao sau sif CO mat dien? Cuoi thang 7/2012, An Bp 6d trcii qua mpt sU co mat dien ldn chUa timg cd Ijch sijr nhan loai Hon mpt mjfa dan so cua qud'c gia ddng dan thii" the gidi "phSi song c3nh toi tam"do mat dien Sau sirco mat dien tai An Op, c^ the gidi dudng nhir hoai nghi ve "hinh ^nh An Op - mpt sieu cUdng kinh te lan quan su" Dap tra lai nhu'ng hoai nghi tren, An Op tuyen bo se md mot hudng di mdi cho nganh nang lupng toan cau thong qua viec tien phong linh vuc phat trien mpt nguon nang lifpng hat nhan mdi tCrThorium Su CO mat di^n toan quoc tai An Dp Cudi thing nam 2012, An Dp dd hdng chju mpt dpt mit diln tren khdp ddt nPdc ngdy lien tiep, gay hau qua nghiem trpng cho nen kinh tl cung nhd ddi sing ngiidi ddn tgi quic gia Ngdy 30/7, gdn 300 tri^u ngddi din An Dp "phdi song canh toi tam va oi i" mdt dien Nguyin nhdn chinh ddpc cho la si mgng Iddi dien toan quic cua An Dp bi hdng qud tai Trong ngPdi dan dang hodng loan vi mat diln, thi chinh quyen New Delhi Iai phdn dng tdPng ddl "chim chap", cdc biin phdp "chda chiy" to khong mdy hi?u qui Hiu qud li vdo ngiy him sau, ngdy 31/7, tinh trgng mat dien khing nhdng khing ddpc kilm sodt mi ein tilp tuc lan rpng, 20 ting si 28 bang, gim cd thd d i New Delhi bi mlt di?n nhdng Iai ddpc ci thi gidi n i trpng nhd "sieu cddng vl kinh tl vi quin sd", mpt ddi thu ddng gdm cua "ngPdi khing l i Trung Quic" Dd am eua vu viec da khiln truyln thing va ngddi din An Dd dat mpt eau hdi Idn eho nang quin ly cua nginh di^n lpc tgi quie gia niy, vi chdt iPpng cdc linh ki|n di^n td mi chinh quyln New Delhi sd dpng de ldp ddt cde mang Iddi di?n qudc gia Su CO mat di^n xuat phat tuT^yeu kem cua nganh dien ndng An Dp hay ddn gidn la An Dp dang thieu dien tram trpng? Hai sp c6 mdt di§n todn quic tgi An Dp vao 30 thdng vd mung thdng 8, da he li mot sp that ring An Dp hi?n tai dang khing du kha nang d i cung cip diy du di$n nddc, an ninh nang Idpng tgi quic gia dang suy yeu trdm trpng Udc tinh din ngdy 31 /7, hPn mpt ndd dan si cua An Di hiiu rd hdn vl nganh dien nang An Di, trddc Dp (620 trieu ngddi) "phdi sing bdng tii" tien cin phii so sdnh vdi mo hinh nganh dien Trong suit hai cua sd e i mdt di§n toin ndng tai cdc qu6e gia phdt trien trin the gidi quic, cdc mang Iddi diin bi hong lien tilp khiin Lly tinh huing tddng xdy tgi m i t quic gia nginh di^n Idc An Dp xoay sd khing kip c i khd nang t\f chu vi an ninh nang Idpng tit Sp cd mlt dien tgi An D i xet ve quy m i vd tdm nhd My hoac Nhat Ban, thi nhu clu dien inh hddng cd thi coi la mpt sd c i tdi t? nhit ndng nddc tang d i t biin, cde qudc gia lich sd nhdn loai, dgc biet dgt bii se c6 nhflng bien phdp sd dpng cdc nguin cinh An Dp du chi li mpt nin kinh tl mdi nii, dien dd phong; hogc dilu chinh, bu dip Iddng [22] NANG Ll/ONG VIET NAM Si 91+92 (10+11/2012) Htfn nda dan so An Do phdi song ednh t6\ tam mat dien dien td nhiing bang, vung miin khde cd nhu cau sd dung diln it hPn Hang nam, chinh phd cdc qudc gia deu phdi tinh todn Igi chinh xdc nhu cdu sd dung dien ndng nddc, rdi len kl hogch xiy mdi, ning cap Igi he thdng Ipdi diln quoc gia, nhim dip dng ddy du nhu cau sd dung dien nang hing ngdy nddc vi dng phd hieu qud nguon cdu dien tang dot bien Chinh nhd nhdng tinh toin hieu qui tren ma mdi nhan thiy nguin ciu dien dang tdng vPpt mdc cung dng Chinh phd My hogc Nhdt se lip tdc len ki hoach phdn phdi dien nang mpt cdch hpp ly, sau tinh todn cat dien d mpt vai khu dan cd rii rac khap ddt nddc hoac tai tdng bang vd tdng khu vdc Tat nhien, cat diln chinh phd cac qudc gia deu len ke hogch rIt ehi tiet vd thdng bio sdm eho ngddi dan Trd Igi vdi sp ci mat dien todn quoe tai An Dp, quy mo cda sd c i mit dien dd khong chi nam d mdc "quin ly phdn phdi dien yeu kem" cua chinh phd nda Day chi la m i t ylu t i nhi, cdn ly chinh giii thich cho sd cd mat dien tai An Dp la "sieu cddng An Dp dang thieu dien tram trpng" Vdy clu hdi dat d ddy la, chang le chinh quyln New Delhi Igi khdng du tinh tdo de nhdn thdc day dd dppc tinh trgng thieu dien cua nPdc nhi? Va ngdnh dien Idc An Dp da lim gi mi lai khiln cho hai sd co mlt dien tram khap toan quoc nhd vay lai co the xdy ra? Nganh dien lUc An Dp da lam gi de doi vdi "nan mat dien"? Se la "oan" quy ket tdi v i trdch nhiem hay thieu quan tdm den nginh dien lpc nPdc cho chinh quyln New Delhi Ngay td nam 1951, hpn thip ky vl trPdc, chinh quyen ong Jawaharlal Nehru, thu tddng diu tien cua An Dp da bit dau quan tam den nginh dien nang nPde, thong qua viee no Idc ndng cap, phit huy he thong Iddi di?n cu De quic Anh xay dpng, de ddp dng nhu cdu tieu thu dien nang nddc Nhd viy, td ngdy ddu md'i i-hanh i.ir, h.inh quyln An Dp da rat chu tror-)^ [•• • i dien lde nPdc, cho duhriii n='' > ,; idc cua chinh quyln New Delhi ' -•!-; "khong hoan thdnh chi tieu J: ' Nhdng ndm sau do, c^: ihe ue chinh quyen mdi cua New Delhi len cam quyen, nhPng quoc gia Si91+92(10+Il/2012) NANG Ll/ONG VliT NAM [23] NHAN OINH-Oa BAO niy vdn chda bao gid xao ldng "cing cude chiln ddu vdi nan thilu di?n" Tuy nhiln, chiln tranh, xung ddt chinh tn vd tdn giao, tv nan quan Iiiu, tri trp, nhd nddc die quyln ngdnh cing nghiip ndng Idpng lai thilu liin kit dial die gida chlnh quyln vdi dia phdPng, y thdc ngddi din kim Tat ci nhd ding thdi ket hpp Igi vd ldm sdi mdn nhdng n i Idc phdt ti'iOn ng.inli diijn lpc eua chinh quyln An Hd mit thdi gian dii, kl td chinh quyon dug jawaharlal Nehru khdi xddng td nhdng nam diu cda thdp nit^n 1950 Tlidt li mia mai kill phii dda nhin djnh rdng "kliing hoan thinh chi tieu" vdn Id truyln thdng eda nginh di?n Ipc An Dd Phdng viln lianjan Roy, dang lim vi^c tai Nhit bdo An Dp cho biit, sp c i mlt diijn tai An D i vda qua da khiln chinh quyln New Delhi phii dat tinh trang an ninh d>it nddc vio mdc bdo dpng quic gia Ong cung nhdn dinh, sd cd mat dien tai An D i khong chi Id thdt bgi cua nganh di§n lde, diy eon la thdt bgi cda cd chinh quyin New Delhi da khing thi ddi phd hdu qua sd eo mlt dipn dot ngpt xdy Chinh quyen New Delhi da trS ldi dU luan ve sUco mat dien? Theo nhu bdo cdo cda trang web tai chinh Bloomberg, An Dp cd truyen thing luin khing hoin thinh chi tilu qudc gia ve eung dng diin ning nPdc td nam 1951 Nim niy qua nam khic, he qui Id tinh cho din thdi dilm td nam 2010 din nam 2011, An Dp thilu khodng 8,5% Iiipng dien cung dng toan quic Tuy nhiln, tren khip cdc phddng tiln thdng tin dai chung, chinh quyen New Delhi Igi ludn tuyIn b i rang, se quan tim hPn nda den nginh dien lde quoc gia Nhdng qua sd ei mlt di^n vda qua, thi co le gidi chdc eao edp New Dehli can nghiem tdc xem xet lai each "quan tim cua minh" Ong Chandrajit Banerjee, chd tich Lien doin Cing nghiep An Dp, da tuyen b i vdi Nhat bdo [24] NANG Ll/ONG VIET NAM Si 91+92 (10+11/2012) Ai-abnews, ARgpXiOt rdng, sp c6 mlt di^n cuii thdng 7/2012 tgi An D i da gdy thiit hai hang trdm triiu My kim cho An Di Nhdng nhdng mdt mdt ndy chdng li gi, klii so vdi nhdng thd thdch khung khiip md ngddi ddn An Dp da tdng phii dii mat qui khd Ong cung bi^n minh thim ring An D i la mpt nin kinh tl mdi nii cua thi gidi Id mdi nhi eho 1/6 ddn s i cda thi gidi Chinh quyln eung cic doanh nghiip An D i dd phdi n i lde rIt nhilu, dl phit triln cd sd ting theo kjp vdi nhu cdu cua ngddi din Chinh quyln New Delhi thi qud quyit ring, hp da lim hit sdc minh ci thi Trong bdn bdo cao cua Tlidi bio Kinh tl An Di, gidi chdc An Di da dd lii cho chinh quyln dia phuPng bang: Punjab, Haryana vd Uttar Pradesh Trong thang va thdng 7, ba bang da sd dung vdpt mdc dien cung dng cho phep vi sau tilp tuc bin rut them di^n td Iddi dien quie gia Ket qua li hi thing Iddi diln quic gia bi qui tdi dan din hdng hdc trin di^n ring Ong Sushil Kumar Shinde, Bp trddng Bd Ndng Idpng An D i nhan manh ring, cdc y kiln chi trich vi tic d i phdn dng eda ehinh quyln la thiiu cP sd Theo ing, ehi ngdy, chinh quyen New Delhi da khde phue dddc sp c6 hing hoe td si mang Iddi di^n quoc gia khdp An Di Diy that sp la "mpt thinh tich ddng ne" cua nginh diln lpc An Dp Thd so sinh vdi nddc My, nam 2008, qudc gia niy tdng trii qua m i t sd ei mlt dien tren dien rpng vi ngPdi My dd phdi mit tin ngdy de khic phpc sp c i dd Khing h i phu nhdn nhdng nd lde to Idn cua ngdnh dien lde An Dp dii phd vdi dpt mat diln euii thing vda qua Nhdng so sdnh ciia ing Sushil Kumar Shinde la tddng dii khgp khieng, vi nam 2008, nddc My tdng phii hdng chiu mpt Iran siiu bao trin qua thinh phi Houston cda bang Texas, gdn 90% he thong Iddi dien tai thinh p h i niy bi te liet Gidi chdc thinh p h i Houston da phdi mat ngdy, khdng chi d^ sda h? thing Iddi diin cua phi, ma cdn khac phpc nhdng tdn thlt nghiem trpng khic ve cd sd hg tang m i cPn sieu bdo gay Nham trdn an dd luin ndde, ngiy 22/8/2012, chinh quyln New Delhi tuyen bd se giai ngdn khoing tiln 35 ty My kim, nhdm phit triin manh me hdn nda nginh ning Idpng nddc Vdi khoin diu td khing Id ndy thi nganh dien Idc ndi rieng vi ngdnh nang Idpng nii chung cua An Dp hda hen se ddpc tilp them mit nguin sinh mdi, nham gidi quyet ddt dilm nii im dnh vl mlt va thilu di|n tddng lai Thorium - at chu bai cua nganh nang IUdng An Dp? ldi thdu dio cho cdu hdi tren, trPdc tien can dda mpi ngddi ngupe lai vdi thdi ky diu, nhdn loai mdi bit ddu tilp cdn vdi cum td "nang iPPng hat nhin" Tlidi diim loii ngddi bit ddu cd nhdng thd nghi?m dau tiln nghiin cdu nang Idpng hat nhdn, cung Id luc chiln tranh thi gidi thd vda kit thdc vd chiln tranh thi gidi thd dang sdp bung ni Chinh vi nguyin nhin trin mi mpc dich ban ddu loii ngddi nghien cdu nang Idpng hat nhin Idling phii la "tim mit nguin ndng Idpng mdi" ma chi ddn gidn Id ho dang muin tao m i t thd "sieu vu khi" H^ qua la, phdi Ida chon gida Uranium va Thorium, ngddi ta nhdn thay rdng Uranium cd cdc liu the vPpt trpi hPn ban dl che tgo vd Tap ehi Forbes, tgp chi ldu ddi nhat cda My so vdi Thorium Vdi kit cau khing on dinh, de tdng dda nhan xet, "viec Thorium dPpc dPa dang gidi phong mit nguin ning IdPng khong vio bdng tuan hodn nguyen td vao the ky 19, eo li qud trinh phdn hgch Uranium dd ddpc the COI nhd m i t bPdc dot phd Idn nhdt vl ndng loai ngddi Ida ehpn dl phit tnen thinh mot" loai Ippng cda nhdn loai ke td thdi loii ngddi phit bom cd sdc cong phd khung khiep" hch sd hien Ida." toin clu Thorium va Uranium Cing ty chuyen cung d p thing tin ngdnh ndng Idpng xanh cua My, Greentech thi dda nhan dinh, nguyen lieu Thorium hda hen se thay the Uranium tdPng lai Vi trd iPpng Thorium ddi dio, hieu sudt sdn xult ning Idpng cao vi an toin hPn han so vdi Uranium Ddin Manhattan giai doan 1942-1946, tn gid ty My kim, ddtfc My vi Dong minh nghien edu di dinh ddu bddc tiin diu tien cda nhdn logi hch sd phit trien vu hat nhan Sau thinh cing cua dd in Manhattan, My va Ddng minh mdi bat dau thuc diy kl hogch nghien cdu viee sd dung nang Iddng hat nhdn phuc vu cho muc dich din sp thdng qua ke hoach xdy ddng cdc 16 phdn dng hgt nhdn the he diu tien Du trd Idpng cua Thorium tren be mat trdi dat chi nhilu hPn gip lan so vdi trd iPpng Uranium, nhiing qua phdn tich ket clu cua Thorium, cdc nha khoa hpc nhan thay, mat dp cua Thorium Igi Thdi diem chien tranh the gidi thd kit thuc, cao gdp 200 Ian so vdi Uranium - m i t si lieu cpc Uranium vi Plutonium ddpc truyen thong the ky CO y nghia gidi thddng xuyIn nhic den nhd Id nhdng ngudn Vay ciu hii dat d ddy Id, vdi cdc Pu diem vddt nhien lieu "than ky" de che tao nhdng "loai bom trdi hPn han so vdi Uranium nhP vgy, thi tai CO sdc tan phi khung khiep nhat md nhdn loai nhin logi Igi ehpn phdt trien ndng Iddng hat nhan tdng ddpc biit din" Tuy nhien, Igi khdng mdy quan tam den Thorium td Uranium thay vi Thorium? Tai loii ngiidi lai ehpn Uranium? Giii thich vl vin dl niy, ing Marin Katusa, chuyen gia ddu tii ngddi My da tdng cd m i t bai viet tren tgp chi Forbes Ong cho rang, muin tri Hang thip ky sau, mi the gidi da qua met mdi vdi nhdng thing tin, nghien ciiu d.i/ " gia ve hiu qui va nhdng tham nc- I ang dung nang Idpng hat nhin td I'taiuutu ga r?., thi lodi ngddi mdi bat dau d i mat, quan tam hdn den Thorium Si 91+92 (10+11/2012) NANG LUONG VliT NAM [25] JU BAO - m i t nguin nang Idpng hat nhin an todn hdn nhiiu so vdi Uranium An D0 vd gidc mP Thorium Khing chi c6 An D i mdi quan tlm din phdt tnin ndng Iddng hgt nhdn td Thorium, Trung CJudc cung tdng eing b i kt* hoach se phdt triin m i t 16 phdn dng hat nhdn sd dpng nhiin Iiiu Thorium Ddng kl hdn li My, Anh, Canada, Ddc vi Hd Lan, cdc quic gia niy d i di vio thdc tl vdi ede dp dn cdi tgo cdc 16 phin dng hgt nhdn sin cd nhdm th( nghidm sd dpng Thorium thay thi cho Uranium ii KJl NhA vAt ly thMn till cua An Do, dng Horn) Bhabha da timg thai ngh^n kt hoach phit tr\tn 16 phin urng Thorium tir hon 60 nim trU'dc Tuy nhiin, nhflng khdn bddc ddu nghiin cdu Thorium da khiln nhdng thdnh qui dat ddpc cda hdu hit cdc cddng quic, diu rlt khiem tin Trddc ddy, cic phdn dng thd nghidm ndng Iddng hat nhdn tgi An D i lu6n ddpc My vi cdc Ding minh theo doi git gao kl td sau nam 1974, thdi Mge du Uranium vd Thorium cung Id ndng Iddng diim ndy My tdng quyit dinh dp dat l^nh elm hat nhdn, nhdng phln ldn kinh nhiim, kiln vin len An D i sau vu thd nghiim bom nguyen thdc cua nhdn loai vl Uranium lai khing thi dp td diu tiln tai qu6c gia dung lln nghien cdu Thorium Viec nghiin cdu Thorium can phdi ddpc thdc hien mdt cdch bii Tuy nhien biin nay, cpng ding quie ti vd die bdn vd bdt ddu lai td nhdng bddc dau biit la nginh nang Idpng quic tl diu rlt mong muin An Dp se sdm xdy ddng thinh cdng cic Tinh den thdi diem hi^n tgi, thi dp in phdt triin 16 phdn dng Thorium Bdi niu dilu trd nang Iddng hgt nhdn td Thorium cua An Dp vdn thdnh sp thdt, thi diy se khdng chi la tin vui vdi li hda hen nhieu triln vpng nhit riing An Di, md n6 se md cd mit thdi dai An D i c6 rit nhilu dilu kien thudn Ipi di phdt phdt t n i n mdi cho ngdnh nang Idpng hat nhin triln ndng Ippng hat nhan td Thorium Trd Iddng todn eau Thorium cda quie gia niy rdt dii ddo, chilm 25 -30% ting trd Idpng Thorium toin cdu Va kl hoach phat triln ndng Iddng hat nhan td ThoriumthikhdngphdibdygidAnDi mdi ci Trong thdp nien 1950, Homi Bhabha, nhd vat ly hpc thiin tai vd Chu tich Oy ban nang Idpng hat nhan dSu tiin cua An D i da thai ngjiln ki hogch phit triin ngdnh nang Iddng hat nhdn cua nddc nhd, thing qua 1^ thi vi trd Iddng Thorium dii ddo Theo nhdn dinh cda trang mgng chuyen nghiin cdu vi khoa hpc ky thudt, Phys.org thi, An D i dang rdt ndng long muin tim mOt nguin cung nang Iddng mdi va dii dao Kinh ti An D i dang tang trddng ning vdi khodng 8% mii nam, vdn cdn gin 40% ddn si quic gia chda ddg'c sd dung diin thddng xuyin [26] NANG LUONG VliT NAM Si 91+92 (10+11/2012) V|y An D^ da chuin b} n h ^ g ^ ? Ong R K Shnha, chu tieh Uy ban nang Idpng hat nhin An Dp tin ring, quic gia ndy c6 du npi \^c di hoin thdnh ki hogch ma ing Bhaba da phdc thdo td 60 ndm trddc Ong Sinha cho biit them, "cdc nha khoa hpe tai quic gia niy da nghien cdu va phdt triln rdt ky cing ngh^ L6 phdn dng Nddc ndng Tiin tien (AHWR), diy li cd sd ky thugt cho vile xay ddng cdc 16 phdn dng hat nhdn thi h i mdi sd dpng nhien Iiiu Thorium" Udc tfnh, An D i phii mdt thdng dl tun dildc dia diim phd hdp xdy dpng 16 phdn dng Thorium Ngodi ra, sau da tim dd