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TIEP C4 N NGUON TAI CHINH CUA CHU DAU TU CAC DU AN PHAT TRIJEN SACH VA PHAT TRIJ^N NANG LUONG TAI TAO 6 VI£T NAM HI£N NAY / \ nhilm mdi trudng thudng gdn liln vdi \J viec tieu hao lang phi nhien lieu,[.]
TIEP C4.N NGUON TAI CHINH CUA CHU DAU TU CAC DU AN PHAT TRIJEN SACH VA PHAT TRIJ^N NANG LUONG TAI TAO VI£T NAM HI£N NAY PHAN DUY AN / \ nhilm mdi trudng thudng gdn liln vdi \J viec tieu hao lang phi nhien lieu, nang lupng va cha!t lupng san p h ^ kem, ngudi tieu dilng ngky ckng doi hdi cac san ph£m nang lupng than thiet vdi mdi trudng, vi dilu dd gdn liln vdi siic khde, cude sd'ng cua hp Nhu cin dd bao gdm ca viec phai dam bao dl cac san phdm nang lupng mdi than thiet vdi mdi trudng thoa man cac yeu cdu vl thdng sd' td'i thilu cua mdi trudng, den dupc vdi ngudi tieu diing Cho dii, dd'i vdi nhung loai nang lupng cd thi gia dat, nhung dd la xu the chung CLia the gidi hien Nhan thlic dupc dilu dd, tir nhieu nam qua Chfnh phu, ciing nhu Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng (TK&MT) da cd nhieu quy dinh, ke hoach nham trien khai ap dung khoa hpc cdng nghe viec nghien cihi, su dung va phat triln du an co che phat trien sach (CDM) Tuy nhien, diing trudc thuc trang he thdng phap luat vl mdi trudng cua Viet Nam cdn thie'u he thd'ng, ddng bd va chua day dii nen viec triln khai cac du an CDM d Viet Nam cdn gap ra't nhieu khd khan Vi vay, mdt cac va'n de dupc quan tam hien la viec giai quyet hai hda giu'a quyln, Ipi fch hpp phap cua Nha nudc va cac chii dau tu dd'i vdi viec khuye'n khfch dSu tu cac du an CDM, dd cd cac du an phat trien nang lupng tai tao (NLTT) I TIEP CAN NGUON LUC TAI C H I N H Tt; NGHI DINH THll KYOTO Nam 1992, Cdng udc khung cua Lidn hpp qudc vl Bie'n ddi khf hau (UNFCCC) da dupc ky ke't va cd hieu luc tir nam 1994 Muc tieu cua Cdng udc la dn dinh ndng dd khf nha kinh khf quyen d miic cd thi ngan ngira dupc su can thiep nguy hilm cua ngudi dd'i vdi he thd'ng khf hau Nghj dinh thu Kyoto (KP) ciia Cdng udc dupc thdng qua tai Hdi nghi ldn thii cac ben tham gia Cdng udc, td chiic tai Kyoto (Nhat Ban) vao thang 12 nam 1997 Nghi dinh thu Kyoto dua cam ket ddi vdi cac nudc phat triln ve giam tdng lupng phat thai khf nha kfnh thap hon nam 1990 vdi ty le trung binh la 5,2% thdi ky cam ke't dSu tien (20082012) theo cac miic cat giam cu thi Viet Nam da phe chuan UNFCCC thang 11 nam 1994 va phe chudn Nghi dinh thu Kyoto thang nam 2002 Dl triln khai thuc hien KP, Bd TN&MT da dupc Chfnh phii giao lam co quan dau md'i tham gia va thuc hien Theo dd, 06-42007, Chfnh phu da ban hanh Quye't dinh sd 47/2007/QD-TTg vl viec phe duyet ke hoach td chiic thuc hien Nghi dinh thu Kyoto, vdi muc tieu: Mdt la: huy ddng mpi ngudn luc nham gdp phan thuc hien kl hoach phat trien kinh te xa hdi giai doan 2007 - 2010 ciia da't nudc theo hudng phat triln nhanh, bin vCtng, bao ve mdi trudng va ddng gdp vao viec to chiic Ihuc hien Cdng udc khung cua Lien hpp qudc vl bien doi khf hau, Nghi dinh thu Kyoto va Co che' phat triln sach Hai la: tan dung triet dl cac quyln va Ipi fch ma Cdng udc ve bien ddi hau va Nghi dinh thu Kyoto danh cho cac nudc dang phat triln Ba la: thu hut vdn d^u lu va ngoai nudc vao cac du an CDM, khuyen khich cai tien cdng nghe, tilp nhan, ling dung cdng nghe cao, cdng nghe sach, ky thuat hien dai Bdn la: gdp phan quan ly, khai thac, sii dung hpp ly, cd hieu qua cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, bao ve tai nguyen, mdi trudng, giam nhe phat thai khf nha kfnh * Phan Duy An, Tlis., Ban Phap che - Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam (EVN) Phan Duy An - TiSp cttn nguSn tii chlnh cQa chU diu tU Di triln khai, Chi'nh phii vi cic Bd cd liln quan da ban hinh mdt sd vin ban quy pham phip luit cd liln quan nhim dat dupc cic muc tilu dd nhu: Quyl't djnh sd 130/20()7/QD-TTg ngiy 20-08-2007 cua Thu tudng Chinh phi vl mdt sd CO che', chinh sach tii chi'nh dd'i vdi du an diu tu theo co chi phit triln sach; Quylt dinh sd 129/2009/QD-Trg ngiy 29-10-2009 cia Thu tudng Chinh phi vl vile phi duylt dl in "Co chi chinh sich khuyin khich diu tu ITnh vuc bao ve tii nguyin vi mdi tru&ng"; Thdng tu liln tjch sd 58/20O8/m,TBTC-BTN&MT ngiy 04-7-2008 cia liln bd Bd Tii chi'nh, Bd Tii nguyen vi Mdi trudng vl viec hudng din thuc hiln mdt sd dilu cia Quyl't dinh sd 130/2'007/QD-Ttg ngiy 20-082007 cia Thi tudng Chi'nh phi, - Thdi gian tro gii ddi vdi san phim cua du in CDM dugc xic dinh cin cii vio thdi dilm du in cd san phim va ning bil dip chi phf sin xuit sin phim dugc trg gii III DANH GIA CHUNG v £ SV Tifo Tuy nhien, viec tro gia doi vdi sin phim cua du an CDM dugc tro gia tCr Quy Bao ve mdi trudng phai dap ing cic dilu kiln sau: - Trong danh muc sin phim cia du in CpM thudc linh vitc uu tiln; - Chi phi thuc tl de san xuit san pham ldn han gia bin thirc te theo hop ddng dugc ky ke't; cd 116 du an mi Bd da cip thu phe duyet la du in theo co che phit triln sach C4.N NGUdN T A I C H I N H T C N G H I DINH THU KYOTO VA QUY BAG Vfe M I TRUdNG Mdi Id: vl mit phip If, cic du in CDM ITnh vuc khai thac, ing dung cic nguin ning lugng tii tao dugc xem xet trg'gii tit Quy Bao vl mdi trudng theo Quy€t dinh s6 130/2007/QD-TTg quy dinh vile triln khai thuc hiln Cdng udc Kyoto tai Vilt Nam chi cd thdi han din nim 2012 Hai Id: vl mit ndi dung, mdt du in ning lugng tii tao nlu mudn hd trg ve gii cin phai II SU Tifi'p CAN NGUdN H TRO T f ching minh dugc li du an CDM, tic li dugc QUY BAO Vfi M I T R U Q N G chip thuin ding ky vi cip ching chi giam Theo Quyet dinh sd' 130/2007/QD-Trg cia phat thai Viec thudc vao rit nhilu Thi tudng Chi'nh phi, Quy Bao vl mdi trudng ylu td khie cd trich nhiem sau; Ba Id: vl mat thuc tiln, theo thdng kl (din - Td chic theo doi, quan ly ching chi giam 06-01-2010) thi trin the gidi di cd 4200 duan phat thai nha kinh (CERs) duoc Ban chap CDM Trong dd 1.999 du an da dugc EB cho hanh qudc tl ve Co chi phit triln sach (EB) ding ky la du in CDM Tdng sd tilm nang eip cho du an CDM thuc hien tai Viet Nam; giam phit thai du kil'n cua cac du in khoang - La CO quan tie'p nhin ding ky cia chu s6 1,7 ty ti'n C02 tuong duong tinh den hit nam hihi CERs hoac diu md'i tilp nhin CERs 2012 Trong dd, san xui't nang lugng chilm nhin, phan chia va ban CERs; 1465 du in, chilm 59,97% Vdi tdng sd 1999 - T6 chic thu le phi ban CERs Trong dd, le djr an, thi Viet Nam chi chilm cd 0.8% vdi tdng lugng CERs cip dat 1,23% tdng sd phi ban CERs duoc si dung dl trang trai cho CERs di ci'p li 365.668.102 cac chi phi: thu le phi; chi hd tro cho cic boat ddng ph6 bie'n, tuyIn truyin ve CDM; lip, xiy Tai Viet Nam, tfnh tdi thing 5-2010 da co dung phe duyet tai lieu du in CDM; quan ly vi 26 du an da dugc Ban chip hinh Qudc tl giam sit thuc hien du an CDM vi cac muc dich CDM (EB) xac nhin, dang ky li du in CDM, khac cd lien quan de'n CDM theo quy djnh cua dd da phin la cic du an vl xiy dung phap luit; chi tro gia cho cic san phim cia du nhi miy thuy diln Tuy nhiln, theo thfing kl in CDM thuoc linh virc cin uu tien cia Bd TN&MT thi hiln tai Viet Nam da • Nhu viy, sd 26/116 du in dugc EB xac nhin la mdt ty 11 qua thip, khdng kha quan nhu mong dgi Sd dl cd kit qua nhu trIn, li mot sd nguyen nhin co ban sau diy; - Thii nhdt, khai niem CDM cdn mdi ci Viet Nam nln hoat ddng cia cac td chic tu Nghien ciru Phit trien ben vOng, so (32) - Thing 9/2011 Phan Duy An - Tiep can ngudn t^i chinh cOa chd dau tu v ^ CDM cdn rat thieu va y^u, chua dap ling dupc yeu cSu cua cac du an ldn Vi vay, hien cac chii dSu tu thudng lien he vdi tu va'n nudc ngoai dl lam cac thu tuc cdn thie't dl dang ky, nhung cung chfnh vi ly dd ma gia ban chiing chi CERs lai khdng cd gia tri cao, thdng thudng ben tu va'n lap hd so, cung chfnh la dPn vj se tie'n hanh ban chiing chi (cd thi cho chfnh td chiic dd, hoSc cho mdt td chiic khac nudc hoac mdt doanh nghiep vien cua td chiic tu v^n ) - Thii hai la, dl dupc Bd TN&MT phe duyet, chu ddu tu phai chiing minh dupc du an kha thi vl mpi mat, tlic la cac chi tieu kinh te, tai chfnh, xa hdi phai dam bao td't Ddng thdi, dl vay tiln ngan hang, hd so vay vd'n cua doanh nghiep cung phai chiing minh dupc du an dd kha thi, cd thi thuc hien dupc va thuc hien rdi se dem lai Ipi fch nha't dinh vl mat kinh te, xa hdi va mdi trudng, Nhung vl mat qud'e tl, nhung du an CDM cd chi tieu tai chfnh td't se khd chiing minh dupc doanh nghiep gap khd khan dau tu vao du an, dd se khdng nhan dupc tiln tCr ban CERs Mdt nhij'ng yeu cau quan trpng dd'i vdi mdt du an CDM la phai chiing minh dupc du an se gap khd khan vl tai chfnh neu thuc hien giam phat thai khf carbon Day la mdt khd khan dl Iha'y rdng khdng dl dang dang ky cac du an CDM vdi EB Ngoai ra, cac du an CDM (Irong dd cd cac du an phat trien nang lupng tai tao) cdn han che la Quy Bao ve mdi Irudng cua Viet Nam dang hoat ddng thie'u hieu qua Hien nay, Quy BVMT dang hoat dpng vdi ngudn thu chinh la: (i) ngan sach nha nudc ca'p, dupc ca'p hdng nam la 500 ty VND (ly le theo timg nam); (ii) thu tir phf bao ve mdi trudng; (iii) nguon thu tii phat vi pham bao ve mdi trudng; (iv) thu tii ban chiing chi giam phat thai khf nha kfnh (CERs); (v) cac ngudn tai trp khac Tuy nhien, Quy BVMT dupc thiet ke cd mdt sd diem khdng cd tfnh kha thi: Thirniml, Quy khdng cd du ngudn tiln tri de hd trp phat trien nang lupng tai tao (chdng han, ne'u chi tfnh rieng cho hd trp du an gid 30'MW thi se that thu 300%) Nghien ciru Phdt trien ben vQ-ng so (32) - Thang 9/2011 Thvc hai, khdng cd bien phap khuyen khich tang ngudn thu tur CERs, nhiing nguyen nhan nhu phan tfch d tren vl viec chu ddu tu khd cd kha nang dang ky cac du an CDM vdi EB Tin'r ba, khdng cd bien phap de kilm tra danh gia gid san xua't ciia cac du an hay doanh nghiep IV TI^P C^N N G U N TAI CHINH TtT CO CH^ H T R O M I CUA NHA NUdc Diing trudc thuc trang cac chii ddu tu cac du an phat triln NLTT khd khan viec tie'p can cac ngudn hd trp tfn dung tir Nghi dinh thu Kyoto va Quy Bao ve mdi trudng, hien Bp Cdng Thuong dang dl nghi Chfnh phii cho phep lap Quy Hd trp phat trien NLTT true thudc Bd Cdng Thuong, dd Quy Hd trp phat trien NLTT dupc lap va thuc hien hd trp cho cac hoat ddng phat trien va sii dung nang lupng tai tao vdi mdt sd chiic nang, nhiem vu nhu sau: - Mot la, hd Irp thuc ddy cac hoat ddng phat triln NLTT Do do, viec quan ly Quy cung thudc trach nhiem ciia Bd Cdng Thuong - Hai la, cac phi thu dupc nop vao Quy phat trien NLTT va dupc su" dung dl hd trp cho cac chuong trinh, du an NLTT; dd chu yeu hd trp cac du an nang lupng tai tao ndi ludi - Ba la, ngudn thu cua Quy hd trp phat trien NLTT bao gdm: phf dl phat triln nang lupng sach tCr cac khach hang sir dung dien va dupc thu qua hda don theo ky thu ciia cac cdng ty dien luc; phi tieu Ihu cac san pham xang ddu, phi khai thac tai nguyen; tai trp cua cac ca nhan va cac td chiic va ngoai nudc Miic phi se Thii iudng Chinh phu quye't dinh cho tirng thdi ky iheo de nghi cua Bp trudng Bd Cdng thuong Tuy nhien, vdi each thiic de nghi nhu Iren cua Bd Cdng Thuong se dan tdi mdt sd mau Ihudn tilm dn co che hd trp dang dupc ap dung hien hanh va du thao co che hd trp mdi Bdi le, theo quy dinh phap lual hien hanh Ihi Quy BVMT thudc Bd Tai nguyen Mdi Phan Duy An - Tiep can ngu6n til chlnh ciia chCidiuttt., trln la dam bao phit triln bin viing, cd trudng eung cd chic ning hd trg ddi vdi cac nghia li dam bao su hii hda phit triln du in khai thac, s i dung ning lugng saeh vi kinh tl, xa hdi vi mdi tru&ng cd sin phin thin thiet vdi mdi trucmg Nhu Vi viy, dl chit lugng hi thdng vin ban viy, nlu du thao dugc ban hanh thi se xay quy pham phip luit cia Vilt Nam cd tfnh kha trudng hgp dd la: mdt du in phit triln NLTT, thi va hilu luc i p dung cao thi Chfnh phu cin cd s i diing cdng nghi sach, san phim diu phai lam ro cic vin dl co ban sau diy trudc thin thiet vdi mdi trudng, cd thi dugc tie'p cin ban hinh co chi hd trg mdi: vdi Quy khie (Quy BVMT thudc Bd TN&MT va Quy hd trg phit trien NLTT thudc Mdt Id, Quy Bao ve mdi trudng dugc kiln Bp Cdng thuong) toin iai nhu thi nio, lilu mdt du an cd dugc hudng cic uu tiln cua mdt hay nhilu quy Mil khac, quy djnh nhu du thao co chi hd khie cia Vilt Nam; trg la bit hgp ly vi cd the din tdi tinh trang manh quan !>> nhi nudc ve bao ve Hai Id, Quy se nhim tdi ddi tugng nao mdi trudng, khdng lim tang hieu luc cua cac (hay la dd'i tugng nio dugc hudng quy niy) vi quy, ma cd kha ning din tdi tinh trang mdt du in vdi quy md nhu Ihi nio thi se dugc hanh chinh hda cac thi tuc hoat dong cua cac hudng nhiing uu dai tir quy quy Dieu dd the hiln d chd: Ba Id, trinh tir, thii tuc de cac chi diu tu Tliit nha't: thay bing cung cd, hd trg tii eg til'p cin quy, trinh tinh trang hinh chi'nh hda ciu ve chic nang, nhiem vu cia Quy BVMT cac thu tuc, din tdi co che "xin cho" de Quy dam bao ngudn thu, di kinh phi dl Thuc t l cho thi'y, cd nhieu quy hd trg cia thirc hien hoat ddng, thi du thao Nghi dinh lai nudc ta boat ddng chua cdng khai, minh bach, de xuit lip thIm Quy Hd trg phat trien cac nha diu tu thudng gip nhilu khd khan nang lugng tai tao, din tdi cac ngudn thu cho viec til'p cin cac quy Vi viy, nl'u cac Quy bi chia se, khong tip trung, quy dugc td chic, boat ddng khdng cdng muc dich chung cua cac Quy deu hudng tdi khai, minh bach se la co so de mdt sd ddi cac du an phat triln sach, cd san phin dau tugng cd the true Igi t i quy hd trg Ngoai ra, than thiet vdi mdi trudng vdi cieh tie'p cin nhu tren, se di ngugc lai nguyen tic co ban cua vile quan ly, bao vl Thi hai: vdi hai (Juy khac cung quan mdi tru&ng la: "Ngudi giy nhiim phai tra Iy, cung hd trg cho mot du an, se din tdi nguy CO cdng kenh ve bg may quan ly nha nuoc; lien" va "Ngudi dugc hudng igi t i mdi trudng phiii tra tien", bdi le: ddng thdi gay anh hudng bit Igi tdi nha dau tu vi vdi mdt du an phat trien sach chu dau Thir nha't: ve phucmg dien "ngudi giy d tu chi can phai thuc hien trinh tu thi tuc tai nhiim phai tra tien", ngudi giy d nhilm chinh Quy BVMT thudc Bd TN & MT la da cd the la cic nhi miy dien vi ngudi chiu anh hudng d nhan dugc khoan hd trg du bi dip chi phi dau nhilm mdi trudng la cdng ddng din cu (cung tu va dam bao kinh doanh cd lai, nhung vdi de li ngudi tilu ding san phim cia cic nha may xuat cua Bg Cdng Thuong thi phai xin them co diln) Tuy nhiln, theo du thao thi ngudi din che hd trg cia Quy Hd trg va phat trien nang phai cd trich nhilm tra phi gian til'p thdng qua lugng tai tao mdi cd the bii dip dugc chi phi gia dien dugc thu hing thing Diy li dilu bit dau tu va dam bao kinh doanh cd lai hgp ly so vdi nguyin tic ndi trln Thir ba: cd kha ning khdng dam bao cdng bing dd'i vdi cac du an CDM khac, ma khdng phai la du an phat trien nang lugng tai tao Vi cac du in chi dugc tiep can vdi ngudn ho trg cua Quy BVMT, ma khdng dugc til'p can vdi Quy Hd trg va phat trien nang lugng tai tao, muc tieu chung cia cac du in m Thi't hai: dd'i vdi "ngudi dugc hudng Igi ti mdi trudng phai tra tiln": vl nguyin tic, dilu dd chi ding ngudi din dugc si dijng cac dang nang lugng sach, thi hg cd trach nhilm phai tra phi dd'i vdi nhihig Igi Ich da hudng ti mdi trudng, vi viy phai cd trach nhilm tra phi dd Do dd, cin phai cd su tach bach giiia ngudn NgWen cClu Phit trien ben vOng, so (32) - Thing 9/2011 Phan Duy An - Tiep can ngudn tai chinh cOa chQ dau tu., NLTT dupc dua \^o ^di sd'ng phuc vu ngudi dan va ngudn nang lupng so cap gay anh hudng V M O T S G I A I P H A P T A N G CU^dNG KHA NANG TI^P CAN CAC N G U N TAI CHINH I Tiep tuc kien toan churc ndng va tang cudng ngudn thu cho Quy Bao ve mdi trirdng Quy Bao ve mdi trudng nen dupc bo sung va tap trung hd trp cac chuong trinh, du an nhu: cac chuong trinh, du an xay dung, phat triln va s& dung NLTT tai Viet Nam; hoat ddng nghien cihi, phat triln va xay dung co sd dii lieu NLTT, hoat ddng thdng tin, tuyen truyin ve phat triln va six dung NLTT, nghien cdn khoa hpc va chuyin giao cdng nghe ve nang lupng tai tao phu nhu cac ngudn thu thud' khac; cdn ngudn thu tir phf mdi trudng dupc danh rieng cho cac hoat ddng bao ve mdi trudng, nhu dl gom, xu ly ph^ thai, nudc thai, khde phuc d nhilm, hd trp cac nan nhan ciia d nhilm Trong thuc te', thu^ mdi trudng dupc ap dung dudi nhilu hinh thiic khac tiiy thudc vao muc tieu va ddi tupng gay d nhilm Ngoai ra, su gia tang vl ngudn thu tir Thue mdi trudng se lam tang thu cho Quy Bao ve mdi trudng, dam bao su hoat ddng hieu qua cua Quy tuong lai, cd the hd trp dupc nhilu du an cdng nghe sach ndi chung va cac du an vl phat triln NLTT ndi rieng Tao dieu kien de chu dau tu dir an NLTT tie'p can dupc cac ngudn tai chinh khac tir cac cong cu kinh teciia nha nudc Vl tang cudng cac ngudn thu cho Quy, Nhilu nudc tren the' gidi nhu My, Anh va Men cac ngudn thu ciia Quy la chua cac nudc la vien cua OECD da ap dung phong phli, da dang, ddn tdi thieu kinh phf dl hoat ddng va hd trp cac du an vl bao ve mdi hinh thiic "Giay phep mdi trudng" - la loai trudng \^i giai quylt va'n dl nay, cdn cd cac Gia'y phep dupc ap dung cho cac Iai nguyen mdi trudng ma khd cd the quy dinh quyln sd giai phap sau: hfru va vi the' thudng bi sir dung biia bai Theo - Thu phi dl phat triln nang lupng sach, dd, cac nudc cho phep cac doanh nghiep NLTT tCr cac khach hang sii dung dien, nang cd gia'y phep cd the chuyin nhupng cho lupng sach; mdt phdn hoac loan bd kha nang khai thac, sir - Thu phi tieu thu cac san pham xang dau, dung va xa thai vao mdi trudng ma Giay phi khai thac tai nguyen; tai Irp cua cac ca phep quy dinh (cdn dupc gpi la quota xa ihai, nhan va cac to chiic va ngoai nudc; va quota cd the mua ban dupc) Nguyen Iy CO ban ciia thi irudng gia'y phep (quota) xa Hoan thien quy dinh ve 'Thue' mdi thai la viec dat gidi han td'i da vl lupng trudng" khf thai hoac cha't thai nao dd d miic thd'ng Tai Viet Nam, Luat Bao ve mdi trudng 2005 ciing da de cap tdi va'n de Luat thue vl nha't vdi chi tidu mdi trudng tai mdt vung hay khu vuc cu the Mdt tdng lupng thai cho mdi trudng Tuy nhien, de'n thdi diem hien tai phep iha'p hon lupng thai ma cac don vi hoal thi Luat thue' mdi trudng mdi chi dupc dirng ddng Irong vung mud'n thai thi se tao nen su lai d du thao, ma chua dupc triln khai thuc khan hiem ve quyen dupc thai va lam cho nd hien tren thuc tiln cd gia d tren thi Irudng Thue'/phf mdi trudng la cdng cu kinh te Dl thuc hien dupc cdng cu nay, nha nudc nhdm dua chi phf mdi trudng vao gia san pham theo nguyen tdc "ngudi gay d phai xac dinh dupc miic sir dung mdi trudng cd the chap nhan dupc mot khu vuc nha't nhilm phai tra lien" va nd nhdm hai muc djch dinh va tren co sd dd se phat hanh gia'y phep chii yeu: khuyen khfch ngudi gay d nhilm Sau quy dinh dupc gidi han miic thai giam lupng cha't d nhilm thai mdi trudng va tang ngudn thu cho ngan sach Hien tai d viing, cd the cdp gia'y phep xa thai cho doanh nghiep nlu dap ling dupc cac dilu kien nhilu nudc, ngudn thu tir thue mdi trudng theo quy dinh cua vung dd (vf du cho phep dupc su dung cho ngan sach chung ciia Chfnh Nghien citu Ph^t trien ben vffng so (32) - Thang 9/2011 m Phan Duy An - Tiep cin nguon tii chlnh cOa chO dau tU., Uy ban nhin din cic tinh dugc quy dmh) hoac cd thi td chic ban diu gii lugng xa thai Vile quy djnh nhu trln se kilm soil dugc d nhilm mdi tru&ng ving Nlu bit ci mdt doanh nghilp nao mud'n xa thai, thi chi dugc xa gidi ban cho phep cua Gii'y phep, nl'u xa hon mdt lugng tuong tu vdi chi't giy d nhilm tuong tu thi budc phai di mua t i cic doanh nghiep v5n cdn lugng cho phep dugc xa thai dugc ghi nhin Gii'y phip Ne'u quy dinh dugc nhu trln, se ri't Igi cho cic nha diu tu vao cic du in phit triln NLTT vl da phin cae du in su dung NLTT diu la cac du iin co ngudn san phim thin thilt vdi mdi trudng, lugng xa thai cia cac doanh nghiep la thip, dd cac doanh nghilp cd the ban lai kha ning xa thai cia minh cho mdt doanh nghiep khac vung cd cing td xa thai mdi trudng (nhu CO^, SO, ) Nl'u thi trudng phit trien, thi cac doanh nghiep phat trien NLTT, se cd co che tai chfnh de bu tri dugc kha nang vay ng ngin hang hoac thu hdi vd'n dau tu nhanh, ddng thdi khuye'n khich dugc nha diu tu vao cac du an phit trien NLTT d Vict Nam hien Viec hoan thien, ddng bg hda cac quy djnh phap luat hien hanh vl phat trien nang lugng tai lao la mot nhu cau cap bich, cin phai dugc trien khai cang sdm cang tdt Vi qua do, se gidi quye't dugc cac vin dl sau: Mpi id tao hanh lang phip ly viing chic cho hoat dgng quan Iy nhi nuac vl NLTT, nang cao hieu qua boat dgng cua cac ca quan nha nudc cd tham quyen, qua dd cd thi ho trg them cac chu diu tu cdng viec khai thac, si dung nang lugng tai tao phuc vu muc dich phat trien kinh tl - xa hdi cua da't nudc, ddng Ihdi bao ve mdi trudng m Hai Id: thic diy cic boat ddng diu tu phit trien ngudn diln ning NLTT, thay Ihi ngudn nhiln lilu hda thach dang din can kilt; Ba Id: dim bao dugc muc tilu dien khf hda ndng thdn, dam bio cung ci'p di diln cho ving siu, ving xa, miln nil, hai dao, qua dd phit triln kinh l l dja phuang Iheo kip su phii triln cia thi, thdng qua vile dinh gia, khai thac trill dl cic Igi ich vd dilu kiln tu nhiln, dia \f, xi hdi va vin hda cia mdi vung, miln Vilt Nam; Bdn Id: thuc diy hoat ddng nghiln ciu, phit Iriln vi ehuyin giao cdng nghi vl sir dung ngudn NLTT Diy li hi qua lit ylu cua vile khuyin khich phit triln nang lugng tii tao, vi diy li loai hinh cin phai cd su diu tu ldn khdng nhSng vl liln cua, ma cdn tri tue dl dip ing dugc cic nhu ciu khai Ihac ngudn ning lugng tu nhiln tai sinh vdn di khd khin, phic lap./ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Chi'nh phu (2007); Quylt djnh s« 47/2007 /QD-TTg 06/5 cua Thii iudng Chinh phu \i vjec phe duyei kl hoach 16 chic Ihirc hien Nghi dinh thir KYOTO Ihudc Cong udc khung cua Lien Hop Quoc Vl? bie'n ddi hau giai doan 2007 -2010; Ha N6i Cue Khi lugng Thiiy van va biln ddi hau (2010); Hoat dOng chung gin diy nha't vS CDM nen the gidi; hup://www.noccop.org.vn Jacques Vernier (1993); Mdi trucmg sinh thai; Nxb Thi gidi, Ha N6i Qufic hOi (2005); Luat Bao vS m6ittudng;Ha Ndi Nghien ciru Phit tiien ben vOng, so (32) - Thing 9/2011 ... cua Viet Nam dang hoat ddng thie''u hieu qua Hien nay, Quy BVMT dang hoat dpng vdi ngudn thu chinh la: (i) ngan sach nha nudc ca''p, dupc ca''p hdng nam la 500 ty VND (ly le theo timg nam) ; (ii)... du an CDM thuc hien tai Viet Nam; giam phit thai du kil''n cua cac du in khoang - La CO quan tie''p nhin ding ky cia chu s6 1,7 ty ti''n C02 tuong duong tinh den hit nam hihi CERs hoac diu md''i tilp... du in, chilm 59,97% Vdi tdng sd 1999 - T6 chic thu le phi ban CERs Trong dd, le djr an, thi Viet Nam chi chilm cd 0.8% vdi tdng lugng CERs cip dat 1,23% tdng sd phi ban CERs duoc si dung dl trang