J Sd & Devel 2014, Vol A2, No 4 549 557 Tap chi Khoa hpc va Phat trien 2014, tap ^^ s6 4 549 557 www hua edu vn DANH GIA THOC TRANG GIET MO VA 0 N H I I M VI KHUAN TRONG THIT LON TAI CAC CO SA GIET MO[.]
J Sd & Devel 2014, Vol A2, No 4: 549-557 Tap chi Khoa hpc va Phat trien 2014, tap ^^ s6 4: 549-557 www.hua.edu.vn DANH GIA THOC TRANG GIET MO VA N H I I M VI KHUAN TRONG THIT LON TAI CAC CO SA GIET MO THUOC TINH NAM DjNH CJim Ngoc Hoang^'^, Nguyen Thj Thanh Thuy', Nguyin Ba Tiep^* Cor quan Thii y viing 1, ^Khoa Thii y, Hgc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam, Hgc vien sau dgi hgc, Hgc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam Emad*- nbtiep@vnua edu.vn Ngay glii bai: 05.05.2014 Ngay chip nhan: 26.06.2014 TOM T A T Danh gia thuc trang gi§t md tai Nam Djnh eho thay so 2063 eo so gi6t mo (CSGlyl) chi cd CSGM quy md idn Da so cac chi tieu ve sinh thii y cua CSGM khdng dat tieu chuan bao gdm ca eac chi tieu vd y thdc, thuc hanh cua ngu'd'i tham gia gi§t mo va kiem tra ve sinh thu y Ngudn nude sir dung giet mo Ipn bi nhilm khuin nang; cac chi tieu tdng s6 vi khuan hieu va E.coli ed ty le mSu dat tieu chuan luong dng la 19,51% va 36,59% Chi tieu dat ty le cao nhat la Salmonella (90,24%), tiep theo la E coli (76,83%) va thap nhat la chi tieu S aureus (68,29%) V6i tat ca eae ehi tieu kiem tra ty le dat tieu chuan ddi vdi CSGM cong nghiep deu cao ho'n cac diem giet mo Nghien cdu eho thay su giam sat, danh gia hoat ddng giet md cung nhu tu van cho ngudi tham gia gi^t mo cd the IS nhOng bien phap tot han ch§ d nhiim vi sinh vat thit tai eae CSGM, gop phan bao ve sue khde cdng ddng Tir khoa: Nam Djnh, d nhiem vi sinh vat, thit lo'n, ve smh giet mo Assessment of Current Slaughtering Status and Bacterial Contamination in Pork Meat in Slaughter Places in Nam Dinh Province ABSTRACT Assessment of slaughtering status in Namdinh showed that the province had 2060 slaughter sites and industrial slaughterhouses Slaughtering conditions of all slaughter sites did not meet enteria of the control acts including consciousness and practices of people involved in slaughter process as well as veterinary inspection Total aerobic microbial count and E coli count indicated that water for slaughter process was heavily contaminated Only 19.51% and 36.59% of water samples met the criteria for total aerobic microbial count and E.coli count, respectively The ratio of pork meat samples that met the critena was highest for Salmonella count (90,24%), follwed by E, coli count (76.83%) and S aureus count (68 29%) The industnal slaughterhouses had higher ratios of samples that meet the criteria of slaughter inspection The study showed that control and assessment of slaughtering activity, consultance and education for people involved in slaughter process might be good measures for elimination of microbial contamination of meat during slaughter process that contributes to public health protection Keywords: Bacterial contamination, Namdinh, pork meat, slaughter hygien (Kelman et al., 2011) Xac dinb sU cd mdt va mijc ^5 nhidm khuan tai cac CSGM bang cac chi DAT VAN DE Thit la mdi trudng thich hdp cho sU ton tai wk phat tri^n ciia nhieu loai vi sinh vat gay benh, dd cd Escherichia tieu cu the" la cd sd de' danh gia ve sinh g.6t mo' (Inthavong et al., 2006) coli (E coli) Tbuc te cho thay giet md la mdt xich quan (Sheikh et a l , 2012), Salmonella sp (Van et al, trpng dnh hitdng den nhiem vi sinb vat trnng 2012), diiy chuyen san xuat - che bien - tieu thu san Staphylococcuss aureus (S aureus) 549 Danh gia thi/c trang gik mo va nhiem vi khuan thjt Ign tai cac ccr sa gilt mo thudc tinh Nam Djnh pham thit ldn Nhieu yeu to'trong qua trinh giet mo anh hudng d^n nhilm Sahnonella da dUdc xac dinh (Lettelher et al 2009) Dieu kien tU nhien thuan ldi cho sU tdn tai va phat trien cua nhieu loai vi sinh vat, giet mo thu cong va nhiing han che ve kien thtic ciing nhU y thiic cua ngUdi quan ly CSGM, ngUdi tham gia giet mo la nhiing dieu kien cho tinh trang nhilra vi sinh vat thit (Td Lien Thu, 2006) Nam Dinh la mot nhiing tinh d mien Bac cd tong dan gia siic, gia cam ldn, cung cap thuc pham cho tieu dimg tinh, vung va xuat khau Tuy nhien chua eo dii heu ve thUc trang ve sinh giet mo gia sue gia e^m va nhiem vi sinh vat thit giet mo tren dia ban tinh Nghien ctiu dUdc thiic hien vdi cae noi dung (1) Danh gia thUc trang giet mo gia sue, gia cam tai Nam Dinh; (2) Tinh hinh nhiem vi sinh vat nudc diing cho giet mo va (3) O nhiem mot so' vi sinh vat thit tai cac CSGM Ke't qua nghien cilu cd the dUde coi la cd sd eho eae bien phap quan ly giet mo tai dia phitdng, ban che nhiem khu^n thit tit cac CSGM va gdp phan bao ve sde khde cong ddng Sugar Iron Agar (TSI), Ure Agar (Christensen), L-Lysin, thach Baird-Parker, dung dich nhii titdng long triing Brain-heart infusion broth (BHI), huygt tUdng thd Cac thiet hi, dung cu: Autoclave 60 (H&n Quoc); tu say Menmert (CHLB Diic); tu am Bmder 53L (CHLB Dtic), can ky thuat XB220A - Prescisa (Thuy Sy); may dap mlu Stomacher (Anh); may li tam EBA - Hettich (CHLB Ddc); budng cay ESCO -LA24A1 (Singapore); may pH Horibar F71 (Nhat Ban) va mot so thiet bi khac 2.2 Phvfctag p h a p nghien ciJfu 2.2.1 Dieu tra thtic trang giet mo Phieu dieu tra dUdc xay diing theo cac tiSu chuan Thong tU so' 60/2010/TrBNNPTNT 25/10/2010 cua Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon quy dinh dieu kien ve sinh thu y doi vdi cd sd giet md' ldn Cac nhdm chi tieu dUdc danh gia bao gom: Dia diem xay dUng CSGM; cd sd vat cha't phuc vu gi§'t mo; nguon nUde dung giet md; tuan thu quy dinh ve giet mo va ve sinh thu y VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP 2.2.2 Xac dinb mvtc nhiem 2.1 Vat lieu Tong so' vi khu^n hieu tinh tren gam hay 1ml mlu dUdc xac dinh theo TCVN 4884: 2005 (ISO 4833: 2003) 2.2.1 Mau xet nghiem Mlu nUde lay tit vdi nUdc hoac tCt be chita tai CSGM ditdc lay theo TCVN 6000:1995 dUa tren ISO 5667 - va ISO 5667 - 11 (British Standard Institution, 2009) Mau thit ldn dUdc lay theo Quy chuan ky thuat qudc gia ve lay va bao quan mSu thit tUdi tit cac CSGM va kinh doanh thit (QCVN 01-04: 2009/BNNPTNT) 2.2.2 Moi tnidng, boa chat, tbiet bi Cac loai mdi trudng sd dung cho nudi ca'y vi khuan gdm Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), thach PCA, thach tryton - mat - glucuronic (TBX), Rappaport-Vassihadis broth (RVS), MuUer-Kauffmann tetrathionat Novobioxin broth (KMNTTn), thach Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate A^ar (XLD), Nutrient Agar, Triple 550 khuan Vi khuan E coli dUde xac dinh thong qua dinh lUdng E.coh diidng tinh p-glucuronidaza vdi phUdng phap dem khuan lac d 44''C sii dung 6-bromo-4-clo-3-indolyl p-D-glucuronid (theo TCVN 7924 - 2: 2008 (ISO 16649-2: 2001) So' lUdng vi khuan Salmonella xac dmh qua cac budc tang sinh sd bo; tang sinh moi trUdng long chon loc Rappaport-Vassihadi (RVS) va Tetrathionat novobioxin mullerkauffmann (MKTTn); nhan dang vdi moi tntdng dac chon loc thach deoxych (thach XLD) vS khang dinh sinh hda (dUa theo TCVN 4829: 2005 (ISO 6579: 2002) Vi khuan S.aureus dUdc dinh lUdng diia vao phan iing dUdng tinh vdi eoagulase (TCVN 4830 - 1: 2005 (ISO 6888-1: 1999) C^m Ngpc Ho^ng, Nguyin Thj Thanh Thuy, Nguyin Ba Tiep Danh gia thdc trang ve sinh thii y cac CSGM ldn dua theo tieu chu^n nganh lOTCN 874-2006 Gan 100% CSGM thudc binh thtic giet mo thu cong vdi quy mo dudi 50 (gia cam), 20 (Idn) hoac trau bd Day cdng la hinh thiic giet mo hien b mien Bdc, mot cac hinh thtic kinh doanh nhd le chudi san xuat - tieu dung Mot dac diem ehung cua cac diem giet mo thu cong la dien tieh khu vUc giet mo nhd, phan ldn giet mo tren san Tai cac huyen, viec giet md' dUdc thUc hien tai cac gia ifinh thu gom va kinh doanh Idn thit hoac tai cae ho ban gia siic (giet mo luu dong) Miic nhilm vi khuan thit difdc danh gia theo Quyet dinh sd 46 /2007/QD-BYT 19 thang 12 nam 2007 ve viec quy dinh gidi han toi da nhilm sinh hoc va hda hoc thiic pham Cac ket qua xac dinh so lUdng vi sinh vSt ditdc so sanh vdi tieu chan cho phep 2.2.3 Pban tich sd'lieu Sd lieu dUdc tinh toan bang phan mem Excel 2007 Sai khac cd y nghia (P < 0,05) giiia cac ty le dildc kiem tra bang ham Khi binh phildng (x2- test) CSGM cong nghiep gom cd cdng ty co' phan va trach nhiem hiiu ban (02 cd sd giet mo xua't khau, 01 cd sd viia giet md xua't khau viia tieu thu ngi dia) Tat ca eae CSGM edn lai (2.060 so 2.063 CSGM) cd quy md nhd KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Cac diem giet mo nho le, phan tan dUde hinh khdng dUa tren cac yeu to' moi trudng ma ddn thuan dua vao boat dgng kinh doanh mang tinh truyen tho'ng gia dinh, vi tri thuan ldi eho ban san pham giet mo, Day ciing la nguyen nhan dan den sU thieu tho'n ve cd sd vat chat b cac diem gie't md nay, tii anh hUdng den ve sinh giet md va lam lay lan dich benh Hinh thiic giet mo luu dgng khong nhiing phd bien d Viet Nam ma cdn d cac nUdc dang phat trien khac (FAO, 2014) 3.1 Thtfc trang hoat dong giet mo tai Nam Dinh 3.1.1 Loai hinh cdsdgietmo Tai Nam Dinh da dUdc tho'ng ke dUdc 300 CSGM gia edm va 57 CSGM trau, bd, de nhUng khdng cd sd sd nao ap dung quy trinh giet mo ban tu dong hay tu dong Trong 1.703 CSGM ldn, chi cd 03 cd sd giet mo theo day chuyen tu dong ttt ddng (tii day dUdc goi tdt la giet mo cong nghigp) (Bang 1) Bang So'liiging cd sd giet mo tai Nam Dinh Giet rn6\an Gi4t mo gia cam Huy^n/thSnh phd Gi^t mo trau, bo, de Tong CSGM thu cong CSGM cong nghiep CSGM thil cong CSGM cong nghiip 86 01 112 219 05 252 33 170 12 215 23 41 02 68 28 333 08 370 CSGM thu cong CSGM cong nghiep MpL&c 25 Nghta Hu'ng 28 VYSn TP Nam Djnh HdiH$u Giao Thi]y 27 197 03 227 VvBSn 28 116 11 155 XuSn Trudrng 24 144 05 173 Tn/c Ninh 40 262 04 306 Nam Tn^c 44 135 06 185 T6ng 300 1703 57 2063 Ghi chii: CSGM a (vdi trau bd, di) laglS't mo CSGM thu cong- so li/clng