Tgp chi Cong nghf Sinh hgc 12( I) 189 196, 2014 H i f u Q U A XU" LY 6 N H I E M D A U V E N B I E N B A N G C H E P H A M C H A T H O A T H O A BE M ^ T SINH H Q C BlfOC T O N G H O P BOI VI SINH V A[.]
Tgp chi Cong nghf Sinh hgc 12( I): 189-196, 2014 H i f u Q U A XU" L Y N H I E M D A U V E N B I E N B A N G C H E P H A M C H A T H O A T H O A B E M ^ T S I N H H Q C BlfOC T O N G H O P B O I VI S I N H V A T B I E N Viitmg Thj Nga, Nguyin Thi Yen, Ki^u Thi Quynb Hoa, Lai Thuy H i l n Vifn Cong nghf Sinh hgc, Vien Hdm ldm Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam Ngay nhan bai: 04.7.2013 Ngay nhan dang: 24.01.2014 TOM TAT De danh gia hieu qua cua che pham chit hoat hoa bfi mat sinh hoc (CHHBMSH) tii vi khuan va nam men Uong mo hinh xii Iy nhiem dau tho va dau diesel ven bien, chiing toi tien hanh phan tich so lupng vi khuan hifiu khi, vi khuan sii dung hydrocarbon, ham lugng dau tong so va phan hydrocarbon dau theo thdi gian xir ly CJ cac mo hinh co bo sung che pham CHHBMSH, so luong vi khuan sir dung hydrocarbon co xu hu6ng tang nhanh va chiem uu the so vdi cac mo hinh doi chiing Ti le so luong vi khuan sii dung hydrocarbon so vdi vi khuan hieu giai doan phan huy dau manh nhat len tdi 50-70% va 20-45% lan lirot a cac mo hinh sir dung che pham vi khuan va nam men Ket qua phan tich ham lupng dau long so va phan hydrocarbon dau da chimg minh hieu qua cao ciia che pham CHHBMSH Cf cac mo hinh doi chimg ham lupng dau tong so giam 41-60%, hydrocacbon no giam 41-75%, hydrocacbon thom giam 29-65%, nhua va asphaltene giam 27-43%; cac mo hinh c6 sir dung che pham, ham luong dau tong so ducrc phan huy gSn het 99-100% Ket qua ndy se tao tien de cho viec img dung rong rai che pham CHHBMSH tir vi smh vat bifin xu ly nhiem dau ven bien Viet Nam Tir khda: Chdt hoat hoa be mdt smh hoc che phdm sinh hoc i khuc ddu ven bien hdm lugng ddu long sd MO DAU O nhiem dau dang la mdi quan tam cua nhieu quoc gia tren the gidi nhat la nhimg nudc cd nen cong nghidp ddu phat trien, Nguyen nhdn su rd ri dau tir cdc be chiia nhien lieu, tir hoat ddng van chuyen vd bao quan cac san phdm ddu md, dac biet Id s^r cd trdn ddu tren bien O nhiem dau ven bien khdng chi gay dpc tinh tiem tang he sinh thai, dnh hudng true Iiep tdi ddng vat Ihiiy sinh bien md cdn gay can trd cho su phat trien ciia mot sd nganh cdng nghidp nhu nudi trdng thuy sdn vd du Ijch ven bien (Kvenvolden, Cooper, 2003), Cd nhiiu phuong phdp da duac nghien cuu vd dp dgng cdng de khac phuc tinh trang nhiem dau ven bien Trong dd phuang phap diing cac CHHBMSH vi sinh vdt tao di tang cudng khd ndng phan hiiy hydrocacbon dau md dang duac quan Idm sau sdc CHHBMSH la nhung hop chdt cd chira cd hai nhdm chirc ua nudc vd ua ddu ciing mdt phan tir Vi vdy chiing cd the tap trung lai va tac ddng be mdt tucmg ho vdi nhau, lam gidm siic cang be mdl ciia pha nudc va pha ddu, tao dieu ki?n cho vi sinh v^it n i p xiic tdt hem vdi dau vd de ddng phan [> dung hydrocarbon, xu ly nhiem huy ddu Ben canh dd, CHHBMSH cd khd ndng tu phdn huy, khdng gdy ddc va cd the dugc sdn xual tren cac ngudn co chat phe thai cua cdng nghiep che bien vdi qui md ldn (Banal el al., 2010; Muthusamy et al., 2008, Rahman, Gakpe, 2008) Chinh vi nhung uu diem vuot trgi neu tren md CHHBMSH da duac nhieu nudc tren the gidi nghien ciiu va iing dung rdng rai cdng nghiep ddu vd xu ly d nhiem mdi trudng (Magdalena el al, 2011, Lai Thiiy Hi6n et al., 2011; Young et al., 2011; Reddy el al., 2010), Tuy nhien d nudc ta ddy cdn Id mdt linh vuc kha mdi me, chi cd mdt sd it cdng trinh nghien cihi tap trung vao ITnh vuc Xudt phat hi nhu cdu thuc te can mot gidi phap sinh hoc an toan, hieu qua xir ly d nhilm mdi trudng dau md gay tai Viet Nam, chimg idi dd tien hdnh nghien ciiu hieu qud ciia CHHBMSH tii vi khudn va nam men bien qud trinh xu ly d nhiem ddu d ven bien Dd San-Hai Phdng NGUYEN LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP Nguyen lieu Vuong Thi Nga et aL Hai mdu che pham CHHBMSH dimg xu ly d nhilm: (1) chi phdm vi khudn tao bdi dich len men chung Rhodococcus ruber TD2 cd khd nang sinh tdng hap CHHBMSH thuoc nhdm glucolipid va (2) che phdm ndm men tao bdi dich len men chung Candida tropicalis VT09 cd kha nang tao CHHBMSH thuoc nhdm sophorolipid dug'c trdn vdi chdt mang (bentonit) theo ty le thich hgp phdng Vi sinh vdt Ddu md, Vien Cdng nghe Sinh hoc luu gid De ddnh gid hieu qua cua che pham neu tren, md hinh thuc nghiem dugc xay dimg tren bai cdt ven bien Dd San-Hai Phdng vdi kich thudc mdi md hinh la m X 2,5 m, Ba md hinh xu ly ddu thd (DT) dugc bd sung DT vdi ham lugng g/kg cat, Irai deu vd tron ky tdi sdu 10-15 cm, Trong do, mdt md hinh khdng bd sung che phara lam ddi chiing (DC), hai md hinh cdn lai bd sung lan lugt che pham cd ngudn gdc tir VI khudn (VK) hoac tir ndm men (NM) Ca hai che phdm dhx a dang bdt, dugc trdn deu tdi sau 10-15cm bang bay da lay trimg cho sd luang VK hoac NM dat khoang 10'' te bao/g cat Tuong tg, ba md hinh xir ly dau diesel (DO) dugc bd sung DO vdi ham lugng 10 g/kg cdt vd 10^ xi bao VK hoac NM cho mdi gram cat cac md hinh thu nghiem Cac md hinh xu ly dau DO va DT dugc tien hanh vao miia ddng vd miia he vdi thdi gian thii nghiem mdi dgt Id 28 ngdy Nhiel d Ihdi diem Ihu nghiem miia he dao ddng tir 26 den 36 vd 14 din 22 dp cho dgt Ihu nghiem miia dong Trong mdi dgt thu nghiem, mau cat til cdc md hinh dugc thu thap ngay/lan de phan tich ddng thdi cdc chi tieu ve vi sinh vat cQng nhu ham lugng ddu Idng sd va phdn hydrocarbon dau, Phirang phap Phuang phap thu mau: mau cat dugc ldy tai dd sau 10 cm tai diem khac tren mdi md hinh thu nghiem, bao quan d 4''C de phan lich ddng thdi cdc chi tieu ve vi sinh vat ciing nhu ham lucmg ddu Cac chi tieu phdn tich dugc lay gid tri Irung binh Dem sd lugng vi khuan tren moi tnrdng chon loc; Vi khudn hieu (HK) tren mdi trudng hilu tdng sd API RP 38; vi khuan su dung hydrocarbon (SDHC) tren mdi trudng khoang Gost 9023-74 cd bd sung 5% ddu DO Xac dinh hdm lugng dau long sd bang phuang phdp can Irgng lugng Xac dinh phdn ddu bang phuang phdp sac ki (GC) KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Bi£n dong s6 l i r ^ g vi khuin qua trinh \a ly nhilm d^u ven biln D I danh gid hieu qua cua che phdm CHHBMSH Irong qua trinh phan hiiy d nhilm ddu ven bien, chiing tdi lien hdnh phan tich bien ddng ve sd lugng ciia nhdm vi khuan HK va vi khuan SDHC qud trinh xii ly Bien ddng ve sd lugng cua hai nhdm vi khuan dugc theo doi tai cac thdi diem gid, ngdy, 14 ngdy, 21 vd 28 ngdy; ket qua dugc the hien d Bang Biin dgng so luang vi khudn cdc md hinh thu nghiem vdo miia dong Tir ket qud Bang I cho thay, Iren ca hai doi tugng thii nghiem la DO va DT, sd lugng vi khuan HK CO xu hudng tuang ddi dn dmh theo Ihdi gian xii ly cac md hinh ddi chung (dao dgng tir 10^5.10"^ MPN/g) Trong d cdc md hinh thu nghiem che pham, sd lugng nhdm vi khuan tdng ddn va dat cue dai sau 21 ngdy (tang gdp 5.10^ vd 10^ lan so vdi Ihdi diem gid, Idn lugt d md hinh bd sung che phdm NM vd VK) Den thdi diem 28 ngdy, sd luong vi khuan HK, cd xu hudng gidm xudng cdn 10'-5.I0' MPN/g Nhdm vi khuan SDHC la nhdm cd kha nang sir dung thdnh phdn hydrocarbon ciia ddu md ldm co chat cho su sinh trudng vd phat trien Su gia Idng ve sd lugng vi khuan SDHC se la dau hieu minh chirng cho qud trinh phan hiiy dau d nhiem dang dien Ddi vdi ca hai qud Irinh xir ly DO va DT: sd lugng vi khuan phan hiiy hydrocarbon d cac md hinh ddi chiing deu cd xu hudng tang tu tir qua Irinh xu ly va dat cue dai sau 28 (tang tir S.lO^d^n 8.10^ MPN/g), Cdn d cac md hinh sii dung hai loai che pham VK vd NM thi sd lugng nhdm vi khuan co xu hudng tang nhanh vd dat cue dai d thdi diem 21 ngdy, tdng 10^ lan so vdi ban ddu d cdc md hinh bo sung che pham VK va 2.10'* lan d cac md hinh bo sung che phdm NM, Mdt sd lac gia so sdnh so lugng VI khudn d nhirng khu vuc khdng nhiem ddu va khu vuc bi nhiem dau cung cho Ihay sd lugng vi khuan phdn huy hydrocarbon dudi tdc ddng ciia ddu tang len 10 lan, hoac cd the tang tdi lO'-lO* lan (Pham Van Ty va Vu Nguyen Thanh, 2007) Sau d thai dilm 28 ngay, sd lugng vi khudn cd xu hudng gidm xudng, nhung van cao gdp lO'-IO^ ldn so vdi thdi diem h, K^t qua phan tich cung cho thdy su bidn ddng v6 tinh im the cua nhdm vi khudn SDHC qud frinh Tgp chi Cong nghg Sinh Ape 12( I): 189-196, 2014 xii Iy Tinh uu the cua vi khuan SDHC dugc the hien qua ty Ie sd lugng vi khuan SDHC so vdi vi khudn HK Theo do, d cac md hinh sii dung che phdm CHHBMSH, vi khudn bien ddng Iheo xu hudng tang tinh uu the cda nhdm vi khudn SDHC vdi ti le len tdi 50% d cdc md hinh bd sung chi phdm VK va 20% d cac md hinh bd sung che phdm NM sau 21 xit ly Dieu chiing td tai thdi diem 21 qua trinh phan huy dau d nhiem dang dien manh me vdi su tham gia tich cue ciia nhdm vi khudn ndy Trong d cac md hinh ddi chiing, tinh uu the cua nhdm vi khuan SDHC tang ddn va chi chiem 16% sau 28 Ihu nghiem Bang So lugng vi khu^n HK va vi khuan SDHC c^c m6 hinh xu- ly DT va DO vao miJa dong va mua he luo'ng vi sinh vat - dcrt thir nghiem mua dong (MPN/g) 10* 5.10^ 5,10^ 4,10' 5,10* 10* 5,10* 10^ 5.10* 10^ 10* 10^ 5.10' 10^ 5.10* 10' 10^ 10^ 5.10' 10* 10^ 5,10^ 5,10' 7,10^ 5,10^ 10' 5,10' 10* 10* 0.5 0.8 10 16 0,5 1,6 18 50 10 0,5 1,4 g vi sinh v a t - d o i thiF nghiem miia he'(MPN/g) 5-10* IO* 10' 9,10' 5.10' 10* 5.10' 810* 4,10' 910* 10* 10* 10* 6,10' 2,5 10^ 10' 2,10' 7.10* 10' 10* 10* 10^ 10' 10* 10* 10* 4,5.10* 20 10 0,5 io' 10* 10* 10' 10' 2.10' 10' 10' 10* 10' 10' 10' 10* 10^ 5.10* 10'' 5.10* 1,6 5.10* 10'' 10* 10' 16 5.10' 10* 5.10' 0,5 4,10* 10' 10' 10* 2.10' 10^ 10' 10* 10* 10* 10' 10* 2.10* 5.10' 5,10* 5.10* 10* 10" 5,10' 5.10* 5.10^ 10' 10' 10' 2.10* 10* 5.10' 16 50 10 0,5 20 10 6,510* 10' 5.10* 10* 10' 10' 4.10* 10* 10* 4.10* 10' 10* 10' Chii thich: OCDO mo hmh doi chung x u ly DO, DCDT mo hinh dSi chifng xii ly DT, VKDO mo hmh si> dung ch^ phlim VK xi> ly DO, VKDT' mo hinh sir dgng che pham VK trang xi> ly DT, NMDO mo hinh s i i dgng ch4 ph^m NM xi> ly DO; NMDT mo hinh s i i dgng ch4 pham NM Irong x u ly DT G ti le so lu-ong vi khuan SDHC so voi vi khuSn HK Vuang Thl Nga el Bien dong so liegng vi khudn thu nghiem vdo miia he cdc mo hinh Tuang tu nhu cdc md hinh xu ly ddu DO vd DT vao miia ddng, sd lugng vi khuan HK eac md hinh thu nghiem miia he tuang ddi dn dinh d eac md hinh ddi chiing, tang manh va dat cue dai sau 14 xu ly d cac md hinh cd bd sung chS pham sau dd gidm xudng d thai diem 28 ngdy Ddi vdl nhdm vi khuan SDHC: d eae md hinh ddi chimg, sd lugng nhdm vi khuan cd xu hudng tang ddn d6n cudi qua trinh xir ly (tang tir 5.10^- lO'' MPN/g d6n 10^-10' MPN/g) Tai cdc rnd hinh su dung hai loai ch6 phdm VK vd NM thi sd lugng vi khuan SDHC cd xu hudng Iang mdt each rd ret va dat cue dai d thdi diem 14 ngdy, tang khoang 6,5,10 den 1,17.10^ ldn so vdi thdi diem ban dau (6.10"'-10'' MPN/g) Den thdi diem 28 ngay, sd lugng nhdm vi khuan cd xu hudng gidm xudng cdn - 10 MPN/g Dieu cd the ly giai vao eudi qua Irinh xu ly lugng dau da dugc sii dung hSt nen sd lugng nhdm vi khuan da giam So vdi d thit nghiem vao miia ddng, thi sd luang nhdm vi khudn HK va SDHC tai eac md hinh dgt thu nghiem miia he deu cao hen tir 5-10 lan va thai diem dat cue dai cQng nhanh hon Nhieu nghien cihi Irudc day da chiing rainh quan the vi sinh d cae he sinh thai d nhiera dau luon ed chieu hudng tang tinh uu thi cua cdc vi sinh vat cd kha nang su dung hydrocarbon, vdi ti le cd the chiem den gdn 100% cac vi smh vat tdn tai (Zhu el al, 2001) Dieu ciing da duge khdng dinh cdc rad hinh xu Iy nhiem ddu vdo mua he, vdi ti le vi khuan SDHC so vdi vi khudn HK Irong giai doan phdn huy dau raanh nhat len tdi 6570% va 40-45% lan luot eac rao hinh thu nghiem che pham VK va NM Nhu vay, theo cdc phdn tieh tren, rd rdng sir dung che phdm VK va NM xu ly d nhilm ddu ven bien thi sd lugng ti bao vi khudn biSn dgng theo mdt chieu hudng xdc dinh Dd la xu hudng tang nhanh ve sd lugng va chi&m uu Xhi eua nhdm vi khuan SDHC, do lam tang qua Irinh phdn huy sinh hgc dau, phu hgp vdi rauc tieu xu ly d nhiem ddu Hilu qua ciia qua trinh x u Iy d n h i l m ddu biing C H H B M S H thong qua s u b i l n ddi ham l u g n g dau tdng sd va phdn hydrocarbon dau De khang dinh hieu qua thue su ciia che phdm CHHBMSH Irong qua trinh phdn huy ddu d nhiera, chiing tdl da tien hdnh phan tich ham luang dau long sd cung nhu bidn ddi phdn hydrocarbon cua ddu trudc va sau qud trinh xii ly K l i qua dugc the hien cac hinh vd Bien ddi hdm luang ddu tdng so vd thdnh phan hydrocarbon ddu cdc mo hinh thii' nghiem vdo mua dong Ddi vdi qui trinh xit ly d nhiem dau DO: ket qua neu tren Hinh 1-a cho thdy, d md hinh ddi chiing, ham lugng dau DO tdng so sau tuan thu nghiera giam 59,91%, hydrocarbon no giam 68,16% va hydrocarbon thom giam 39,26%) Trong dd, d md hinh sir dung CHHBMSH tir VK vd NM, ham lugng dau DO tdng sd da gidm hoan toan (100%) Nhu vay d bai bien Dd San ludn tdn tai cdc vi khuan su dung hydrocarbon, nen sau tudn bi d nhiem ddu, vi khudn ndi tai da phdn buy duge tu 39,26- 68,16% ddu DO md hinh ddi chiing Trudng hgp bo sung CHHBMSH da giup cdc vi khudn phan huy hoan toan lugng dau d nhiem Ket qua phan tich phan hydrocarbon no va hydrocarbon thom dau DO sau qua trinh thir nghiera ciing khang dinh rd hieu qua cua qua trinh xu ly, Trudng hgp Id ddi chung cdc mach hydrocarbon no tu C12- C34 dau DO bi phan buy tir % (C32) d i n % (CI6), Trong d 16 thii nghiem CHHBMSH cdc mach hydrocarbon tir C12- C34 deu bi phan huy hoan todn Ddi vdi hydrocarbon tham cung thu dugc kSt qud tucmg tu, trudng hgp Id dot chiing viing khdng bi phan huy, vimg II (C17-21) phdn huy 20%, viing ni'(C22-C25) phan huy 30%, vimg IV (C>30) phan huy chi dugc 10% Trong d 16 su dung che phdm VK vd NM eac mach hydrocarbon thom tii C12-C34 ciing deu bi phan huy hoan todn (Hinh 1-b), Ddi vdi qui trinh xir ly d nhilra DT: d rad hmh doi chiing, sau tudn thir nghiem, ham lugng DT tdng s6 gidm di 41,16%; hydrocarbon no giara 41,66%; hydrocarbon thom giara 28.98%i va nhua vd asphaltene giara 27,29%), Trong Id thu nghiem cd sit dung CHHBMSH tit VK vd NM dlu cho kit qua rdt icha quan, loan bg lugng DT tdng sd va eae phan hydrocarbon dhu da bi phdn huy hoan loan (Hinh 1-c) Ket qua phan tich thdnh phan hydrocarbon thara cung khang dinh tac dung cua CHHBMSH hi VK va NM biln O 16 ddi chiing sau tudn thu nghiem viing (C12-CI6) bl phan huy 42%, vung II (C17-C21) phan huy dugc 72%, viing 111 (C22-C25) phan huy 56%, vimg IV (C26-C30) phdn huy 32%,, Wing V (C>31) phdn huy 47%i Cdn d md hinh xu ly bdng CHHBMSH cdc phan doan hydrocaihon thom diu bi phdn huy 100% (Hinhl-d) Tgp chl Cong nghe Sinh hgc 12( I): 189-196, 2014 •DCDo BNMoo o v x n o : •DCDT DHMOT HNMDO QVKDO nVKDT i •BCDT BNMOT nVKDT 'ung2(C17- Vun93|C22- Vung4 |C26- Vung |C3I+) Hinh Kha nSng phan hiiy dau tong so va cac phan hydrocarbon dau sau tuSn-dpl thii nghiem mua dong (a) Khd nang phan huy DO tong so va phan DO, (b) Kha nang phan hiiy phan hydrocarbon thom cua DO; (c) Khd n§ng phan huy DT t6ng so va p h l n DT, (d) Kha nang phan huy p h l n hydrocarbon thom cua DT Nhu vdy, ket qua Ihir nghiim xu ly d nhiem ddu lai ven biln Dd San vao thdi diem miia ddng da minh chimg lac dung tang cudng qua Irinh phdn huy dau ciia CHHBMSH dugc tach chill tir vi khudn va nam men bien phan lap d Viel Nam Chinh CHHBMSH da Ihiic ddy vi sinh vat tai bai biln tang cudng nang luc phan huy ddu Cdn vdo thdi diem miia he, hieu qua xir ly cd cao ban, thdi gian xii ly cd njt ngan dugc khdng? De cd the tra ldi cdu hdi va de cd CO sd trien khai ket qua vdo thuc te xit ly nhilra dau, tang cudng hieu qua xir ly cung nhu riit ng5n thdi gian xir ly, rad hinh thir nghiim vdi DT vd ddu DO cung dugc thiet lap vdo niiia he Bien doi hdm lugrng ddu tong sd vd thdnh phdn hydrocarbon ddu cdc mo hinh thir nghiem vdo mita he Kel qua phan tich Ihdnh phan DO va DT Irudc va sau 21 28 thu nghiem dd minh chiing cac md hinh miia he cho hieu qua xir ly tdt han mo hinh miia ddng vdi thdi gian xii ly ngan ban O md hinh doi chiing xu ly DO, vi khudn SDHC ndi lai da phdn hiiy dugc 75% hydrocarbon no, 65% hydrocarbon thom sau 21 thir nghiera Den cuoi qua trinh xir ly (28 ngdy), ham lugng hydrocarbon no gidm cdn 90%, hydrocarbon thom giam cdn 84% (Hinh 2a) Trong rad hinh ddi chiing xu ly DT, hdm lugng hydrocarbon no gidm 65%, hydrocarbon thara gidm 46%, nhua gidm % va asphaltene gidm 38% sau 21 ngdy thu nghiem Din thdi dilm 28 ngdy, Ihanh phdn hydrocarbon no, hydrocarbon thom, nhua vd asphaltene DT giam lan luat la 80, 70 66 vd 60% Trong a cdc md hinh cd bd sung che phdm CHHBMSH tir VK va NM Idt cd cac ihdnh phdn hydrocarbon DO va DT deu bl phdn hiiy 100% sau 21 llur nghiem (Hinh 2b) Vuong Thi Nga et al iHCna •HCthom HNhiia nAsp HC no-2angay HC tham-2BiigSy BCDT21ngay NMDT21ngSy VKDT21ng^ BCDTSBngay NMDT 2angay VKDT2Bngay Hinh Khd nSng phan hCiy d§u p h l n dau cdc mo hinh dg4 thir nghiem mua h6 (a) Phan hOy d l u IhSnh phan DQ; (b) Phdn huy dau phan DT Shafeeq va ddng tac gia (1989) da thu nghiem CHHBMSH tir vi khuan Pseudomonas aeruginosa S8 de xii ly d nhiem dau nudc bien Ket qua dat dugc rat khd quan, kha nang phan huy cac phdn ciia ddu thd gdm hexadecan, heptadecan, octadecan va nonadecan sau 28 ldn lugt la 47, 58, 73 va 60%i Mgt nghien ciiu mdi day ciia dai hgc Irdia (Han Qudc) ve thii nghiem hieu qua cua CHHBMSH nam men sinh lln khd nang phan buy hydrocarbon ciia DT dat Sau tudn thii nghidm da cho thdy hieu qua phan hiiy DT rat tdt vdi 89% hydrocarbon no va 72% hydrocarbon thom da bi phan hiiy (Kang et al., 2009) Gdn day Nga ciing vira nghien ciiu cdng che phdm Dvouroil cd kha ndng phdn hiiy tdt ddu tho va cac sdn phdm diiu md Thanh phan cua chl phdm la mgt hdn hgp cac chimg Rhodococcus sp, Rhodococcus morius Rhodococcus erylhropolis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Candida sp Cdc thir nghiim cua chd phdm cong trinh ndy cho thdy kha nang Ioai bd dugc 50% hydrocarbon dau md vdo ngaythu va 100% vao ngdy thii 20 dieu kien thich hgp Kit qud thii nghidm da cho thdy hai chg phdm CHHBMSH dugc tao bdi cac chung VK vd NM biln d Viet Nam cd hieu qud xii ly nhiem ddu khdng thua kem so vdi cac che phdm CHHBMSH dugc nghien cihi vd img dung tren the gidi Kit qud phan tich ham lugng ddu tdng sd vd phdn hydrocarbon ddu ciing cho thay phii hgp vdi su bien dgng vl sd lugng cac nhdm vi khudn theo thdi gian xu ly cdc md hinh ddi chimg, sd lugng vi khuan SDHC tang ddn vdo cudi qua trinh xir ly Do vao thdi dilm lugng ddu rihilm chua bi phdn hiiy het nen van cdn ngudn carbon cho sir sinh trudng va phat trien cua chung Cdn d cac mo hinh cd bd sung che pham CHHBMSH, sd lugng vi khudn SDHC tang nhanh va chiim uu thi d thdi dilm 14 vd 21 ngdy da gdp phan tich cue vifc phan hiiy hoan toan lugng ddu d nhiem sau 21 va 28 ngdy xii Iy Nhu vdy tir vile phdn tich biln ddng sd lugng cdc nhdm vi khuan ciing nhu ham lugng tdng sd vd thdnh phan hydrocarbon ddu tai cac md hinh thii nghiim vdo mua ddng va miia he da chiing minh hieu qua thuc sir ciia CHHBMSH qud trinh xu Iy ddu DO vd DT CHHBMSH da cd lac dung Irong viec kich thich su phat trien cua quan thl vi khuan phan huy dau Tu dd giiip Iam gidm ham lugng diu cac md hinh thir nghiim Da xac dinh bien dgng ve sd lugng cua nhdm vi khudn HK va vi khudn SDHC qua trinh xu ly diu DO vd DT ven biin Vi khudn HK: tuong ddi 6n duih cac md hinh doi chimg; tdng manh d cac md hinh cd sii dung che phdm va dat cue dai sau 14 va 21 ngdy Iin lugt d dgt thii nghiem mua he va miia ddng Vi khuan SDHC: tdng ddn din cudi qua ttinh xii ly d cdc md hinh ddi chiJmg; tang manh d cac md hinh sir dung che iihim vd dat cue dai sau 14 va 21 xii ly Ti le sd lugng vi khudn SDHC so vdi vi khudn HK giai doan phin J, / ddu manh nh4t len tdi 50-70% (md hinh sir dyng ohim VKl vd Tgp chi Cong nghf Sinh hgc 12(1): 189-196, 2014 20-45% (md hinh sir dung che phim NM) Dgt thu nghiem miia ddng, d cac md hinh ddi chung, ham lugng ddu tdng gidm 41-60%; hydrocarbon no gidm 41-68%; hydrocarbon tham gidm 29-39%; nhua vd asphaltene giam 27%i Cdn d md hinh sir dung che pham, toan bd lugng DO va DT bi phdn huy gdn nhu hodn toan sau 28 ngdy Dgt thii nghiem mua he cho hieu qud xu Iy nhanh hon mua ddng, vdi 65-75% hydrocarbon no, 46-65% hydrocarbon tham, % nhya va 38%i asphaltene bi phdn buy cac md hinh ddi chiing Trong d cdc rad hinh bd sung che pham, litgng diu d nhiera da bi phin hiiy 100% chi sau 21 ngdy xit ly, Ldi cam an: Cong trinh ndy dugc thuc hien vai su ho trg ve kinh phi cua de tdi doc lap cdp Nhd nuac ma so DTDL 2008 T.02 vdi su cgng ldc giiip da cua Phdn vien Tdi nguyen vd Moi tnrdng Bien Hdi Phong vd Vien Nhipi, Vielsovpetro TAI L I E U THAM KHAO Banal IM, Franzetti A, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Martinotti MG, Fracchia L, Smyth TJ, Marchant R (2010) Microbial biosurfactants production, applications and future potential ^;7p/Mcra6io/Bjo;ecA«o/87'427-444, Kvenvolden KA and Cooper CK (2003) Natural seepage of crude oil into the marine environment Geo-Manne Letters 23: 140-146 Kang SW, Kim YB, Shin TD, Kim EK (2009) Enhanced biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil by microbial biosurfaclant, sophorolipit Appl Biochem Biotechnol 160789-90 Lai ThUy HiSn, Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen, Do Thu Phuong, Pham Thi Hang, Kieu Quynh Hoa, Vuong Thi Nga, Nguyin Thi Yen, Hoang Van Thang, Trin Dinh Mdn (2011) Nghien ciiu da dang vi khuan bien tao chat hoat hoa be mat sinh hoc nhJm iing dung cong nghiep va xu ly nhiem moi truong, Hgi nghl Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghe biin todn qudc, (5) tr, 297-305, Magdalena PP, Grazyna AP, Zofia PS, Swaranjit SC (2011) Environmental applications of biosurfactants: Recent Advances,/nf/Ma/ec SCI 12: 633-654 Muthusamy K, Gopalaknshnan S, Ravi TK, Sivachidambaram P (2008) Biosurfactants: properties, commercial production and application-Review J Cufr Sci 94: 736-747 Pham Van Ty va Vu Nguyen Thanh (2007) Cong ngh^ Sinh hgc Tap 5, Cong nghe Vi sinh va moi tnrdng Nha xuat ban Giao due, Rahman KSM and Gakpe E (2008) Production, characterization and applications of biosurfactants-Review Biotechnology 7: 360-370, Reddy MS, Naresh B, Leela T, Prashanthi M, Madhusudhan NC, Dhanasri G, Devi P (2010) Biodegradation of phenanthren with bio surfactant production by a new strain of Brevibacillus sp, Bioresource Technol vol: 7980-7983, Shafeeq M, Kikub D, Khalid ZM, Mahk KA (1989) Degradation of different hydrocarbons and production of biosurfaclant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from coastal vister J Biotechnol 505-510, Young JB, Lea J, Doo HP (2011) Mineralization of petroleum contaminated wastewater by co-culture of peUoleum-degradmg bactenai community and biosurfactant-producing bacterium J Environ Protect 895-902 Zhu X, Venosa AD, Suidan MT and Lee K (2001) Guidelines for the Bioremediation of Marine Shorelines and Freshwater Wetlands, United State Environmental Protection Agency Contract No 68-C-00-159, EFFECT O F B I O S U R F A C T A N T P R O D U C E D B Y M A R I N E TREATMENT O F OIL P O L L U T I O N I N C O A S T A L Z O N E MICROORGANISMS Vuong Thi Nga', Nguyen Thi Ven, Kieu Thi Quynh Hoa, Lai Thuy Hien Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnamese Acadedmy of Sciene and Technology SUMMARY In order to assess the effect of biosurfaclant (produced by either bacteria or yeast) m experimental microcosms to treat diesel and crude oil pollution, several parametes such as changes of aerobic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, amount of total and hydrocarbon components of petroleum during bioremediation were examined The results showed thai dunng the biodegradlng process in ihc treated Author for correspondence- Tel: +54-37562000, E-mail- ngavuongl978(a'.smail com IN V u a n g Thi Nga et microcosms, the number of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria was increased and more dominant than that m the control At the highest hydrocarbon degradation stage, the hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria made of 50-70% and 20-45% of the total aerobic bactena in the microcosms supported by bacterial and yeast biosurfaclant, respectively Decides, the decrease in total and hydrocarbon components of the petroleum could also serve as a proof for the effectiveness of biosurfaclant products in oil degradation Thus, approximately 99-100% and 4160% of total petroleum, 41-75% saturate hydrocarbons; 29-65% aliphatic hydrocarbon; 27-43% resine and asphaltene m treated and control microcosms were removed, respectively The data obtained in this study support the application of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms m the treatment of oil pollution along coastlines in Vietnam Keywords: Biosurfaclant, probiotics, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, coastal polluted oil treatment, total petroleum ... theo ty le thich hgp phdng Vi sinh vdt Ddu md, Vien Cdng nghe Sinh hoc luu gid De ddnh gid hieu qua cua che pham neu tren, md hinh thuc nghiem dugc xay dimg tren bai cdt ven bien Dd San-Hai Phdng... nghg Sinh Ape 12( I): 189-196, 2014 xii Iy Tinh uu the cua vi khuan SDHC dugc the hien qua ty Ie sd lugng vi khuan SDHC so vdi vi khudn HK Theo do, d cac md hinh sii dung che phdm CHHBMSH, vi khudn... lich ddng thdi cdc chi tieu ve vi sinh vat ciing nhu ham lucmg ddu Cac chi tieu phdn tich dugc lay gid tri Irung binh Dem sd lugng vi khuan tren moi tnrdng chon loc; Vi khudn hieu (HK) tren mdi