35(2) ns iso Tgp chi CAC KHOA HOC V£ TRAI BAT / TAC D O N G C U A P H A T TRIEN THUY DIEN DEN TAI NGUYEN N U C C KHU VU''''C TAY NGUYEN NGUYEN LAP DAN'''', NGO LE LONG% NGO LE AN^ DUONG QUOC HUY^ CHU BA THI[.]
35(2) ns-iso / Tgp chi CAC KHOA HOC V£ TRAI B A T TAC D O N G C U A P H A T TRIEN THUY DIEN DEN TAI NGUYEN N U C C KHU VU'C TAY NGUYEN NGUYEN LAP DAN', NGO LE LONG% NGO LE AN^ DUONG QUOC HUY^ CHU BA THI^ E-mail: phongtnnm@gmail.com ' Vi^n Dia ly Vien Hdn Idm Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viit Nam ^Truang Dai hoc Thiiy lai ^ Viin Khoa hgc Thiiy lai Ngdn hdng The giai Ngiynhan bii: - - l.Mddiu Khai q u i t t i i nguySn nudc viing Tay Nguyen Tay Nguyen l i mgt viing linh thd gdm tinh: Gia Lai, Kon Tum, D i k Lik, D i k Ndng v i Lam Ddng, vdi tong difn tich tg nhiSn li 54640,6 km^ Tay Nguyen dugc coi li diu ngudn ciia hiu het cic sdng chiy Biin Ddng thudc ven biin Mien Trung, Ddng Nam Bg (Viet Nam) v i hai tinh Rotanak Kiri v i Mondul Kiri (Campuchia) l i Vu Gia - Thu Bdn, T r i Khue, Kone, Ba, Se San, Srdpdk, se Kdng v i Ddng Nai Trong dd, song: Dflng Nai, Sr^pdk, SSsan, Ba l i c i c sdng chinh thuOc khu vyc T i y NguySn C i c sdng niy deu l i sdng Ii6n qudc gia hoic lien tinh Do cd dja hinh thu|n lgi nSn T i y Nguyen cd ngudn ning lugng thiiy di^n k h i ddi dio, dung thit hai toin qudc sau luu v\rc sdng Hdng Hon nita, nhiiu sdng Tay Nguyen c6 sy chia se ngudn nudc cho cic sdng khic qua c i c nhi miy thiiy dien, vi the, nhdng tic dgng bit lgi tren c i c sdng Tay Nguyen deu cd inh hudng d i n chSt lugng, so lugng va hiem hga (neu cd) din h? luu c i c sdng [2] Trong khudn khd bai bio niy, cic tic gia sg trinh b i y cic tic dgng tich cyc v i tieu c\rc ciia vi?c phit trien thuy di?n den tai nguyfin nudc khu vuc T i y Nguyen D i y l i mgt phin kit q u i ciia de tii "Nghien cuu co sd khoa hgc cho giii phip tdng the giii quyet c i c mau thuin lgi Ich vi|c khai thic sii dung tii nguyfin nudc linh thd TSy Nguyen", mS sd TN3/T02, thu0c chuang trlnh "Khoa hgc v i cdng ngh$ ph^c vy phit triin kinh te x i hdi Tfly Nguyen, m i s6 TN3/11-15 2.1 Cdc dac trung hinh thdi cua song thu^c lay Nguyin (hinh 1) 11 Song Sesan Bit ngudn tir d i y nui Ngoc Linh chay qua hiu hit tinh Kon Tum, mgt phan Idn tinh Gia Lai rdi chay sang Campuchia thupc tinh Rotana Kiri Tons dien tich cua luu vuc sdng Se San li 18.570 km dd phin linh thd Viet Nam l i 11.530 km^ chiim 62,1% Sdng Se San d Viet Nam vdi chieu dii la 252 km cd ngudn chinh li sdng Krdng Pdkd vi hai sdng nhanh la Dik Bia (dien tich F= 5350 km^ chiiu dii luu vuc sdng L^ = 152 km), sdng Sa Thiy(F=1570km', L,-91km) 2.1.2 Song Srepok Bit ngudn tii Dik Lik, Viet Nam chiy qua linh thd Campuchia thupc tinh Mondul Kiri Tdng dien tich toin luu vyc l i 30.100 km^, chieu dii toan bp li 315 km Dien tich luu vuc tren linh thd Viet Nam l i 18.200 km^ chiim 60,5% Phia nam song Srepok nhinh Krdng Knd va Krdng Ana hgp thinh Sdng Krdng Knd bit ngudn tir diy Chu Yang Sin cd dinh cao tren 2000 m {F = 3823km\ Ls = 156km) Sdng Krdng Ana Ii hgp luu ciia sdng nhanh KrdngBuk, Krdng Pach v i Krdng Bdng (F = 3872 k m \ L, = 215km) Sdng Krong Knd va Krdng Ana hgp luu tai luu thic Buon Dray tao ddng chinh Srepok Phia bic sdng Srepok cd nhanh Idn la Ea Hleo, Ea Dring va Ea Hidp Dik Lik Hudng chay cua sdng gin nhu hhih vdng cung, doan diu ngudn theo hudng bic - nam, sau chuyin sang hudng TB-DN rdi i?i chiy ngugc ISn gin nhu hudng nam -bid di nhap vio sdng Ba 2.1.4 Song Dong Nai He thdng sdng Ddng Nai gdm ddng chinh sdng Ddng Nai, vi sdng nhinh Idn li sdng B^, sdng La Nga, sdng Sii Gdn va sdng Vim Cd Sdng Ddng Nai, doan phia thugng luu cd t6n li sdng Da Nhim, bit ngudn tir phia nam ciia nui Hon Giao tren cao nguyen Lam Vien chay theo hudng nam tay nam, tay vi nam Thugng luu sdng chay dia hinh ddi nui hgp luu vdi sdng La Nga tai diu ngudn vio hd Trj An Sdng Ddng Nai tinh den dip Tri An cd dien tich luu vuc li 14800 km^ (bao gom ca luu vuc sdng La Ngi), chilu dai la 480km 2.2 Tdi nguyin nu&c khu vuc Tay Nguyen Tdng lugng nudc mit cic sdng Tay Nguyen vio khoing 50,2 ty m^ {bang 1); so vdi ca nudc thi lugng nudc san sinh tren km^ linh thd Tay Nguyen thu^c loai trung binh Cd the chia linh thd Tay Nguyen viing ngudn nudc vdi cic mo dun ddng chay nim (Mo) khic nhau: - Viing c6 Mo = - 1/s.km^ : luu vuc sdng Ba, Krdng Ana, EaSoup; - Viing cd Mo = 25 ~ 30 1/s.km^: luu vuc sdng Se San, Krdng Knd, Ddng Nai; Hinh Ban d6 mgng lu'o'i s6ng su6i vung T i y Nguyen - Viing c6 Mo > 35 1/s.km^: thugng ngudn song Plei Krong vi Dik Bia (thu ti> ty l§ 250 000) Bang i S n g lirgng niro'c cac l y u VLFC sdng if Tay Nguyen [1] 2.1 Song Ba Bit ngudn tii Krdng Pong d cao 1200m thudc diy Ngpc Rd vdi dinh cao nhat li 1549m Dien tich luu vuc sdng Ba tinh den tram thuy vin Cling Son li 12.800 km^ vi 338 km tuang img Luu vuc sdng Ba cd sdng nhinh cd F = 192km^ ~ 2950 km^ dd cd sdng nhinh Idn vdi F > 1000 km^ li sdng la Ayun, EaKrong Nang thudc khu vuc Tay Nguyen Sdng la Ayun: bit ngudn tir viing niii cao tir 1500 den - 1700m, chiy theo hudng bic - nam din Chu Se, sau dd chuyen hudng TB-DN din Cheo Reo thi nhap vao bd phii sdng Ba Sdng EaKrong Nang: bit ngudn d viing mii cao tren 1000m thupc huyen Krdng Hning ciia linh He Ih6n9 sflng Tong lirang nuB'c Song Srepok S6ngS§san 14,S 13.3 Song Ba (TSy Nguyen) 7,6 Dong Nai (TSy Nguy&n) Cdc sang nho d^u ngu6n (Thu Bon TrS Khijc) Ting cflng 50,2 9.3 5,5 Su khic bi?t gitta cic vimg ngudn nudc niy chii yeu la mua bien ddi theo tirng viing Ch6 d0 mua d Tay Nguyen ting din tir viing thip ISn viing cao Do inh hudng ciia dja hinh, su phin b6 mua theo khong gian kha phiic tap; cac sudn mil c6 hudng ddn gid, lugng mua ting len rd r?t tir 1600 din 2800mm (Bao Lgc - Lam Ddng, Gia Lai, Kon Tum) Ngugc l^i, thung lung khuit gid, lugng mua n&m giam dang ke chi cdn 1200 - 1400mni/nam (song Krdng Buk - Dik Lik va Sdng Ba - Phu Tiic - Cheo Reo) tai nguyen nudc, mdi trudng sinh thai, lam giam da dang sinh hgc va hieu qua kinh te dao ngugc tir viec cai tao mdi trudng tu nhien Tai nguyen nudc dudi dat d Tay Nguyen phong phii han cac tinh ven bien mien Trung Luu lugng dong ngim ciia cac tao dia chat khac hinh nen ddng chay miia kiet gidi han cac luu vuc sdng thugc Tay Nguyen tdi thieu la 15 X 10*m^/ngay (5,56 ty m^/nam) Tiem nang ciia nudc dudi dat gidi han luu vuc sdng d Tay Nguyen bao gom ngudn trii lugng dpng va trii lugng tinh la 17.878.130,74mVngay (6,52 ty m^/nam) [1] 3.2 I Dong song bi chia cdt thdnh nhiiu dogn, che dp thuy vdn bi thay doi ro rit Dinh gia tac dgng cua phat triln thuy di^n den tai nguyen nirdc khu vuc Tay Nguyen Vifc xay dung bat cii mgt cdng trinh nao deu cd tac dgng den thien nhien khdng nhieu thi it Trong trudng hgp hd chiia thiiy dien, viec van hanh, dieu tiet phat dien se lam thay ddi che dp ddng chay tir nhien Sir thay ddi nhieu hay it tiiy theo hd chiia dugc van hanh nhu the nao Khi ddng chiy tu nhien cua mgt sdng thay doi thi he sinh thai luu vuc sdng dd ciing bi anh hudng theo Dc cd the danh gia diing dan tac dgng ciia thiiy di?n can phan tich day du, khoa hgc tit ca cac yiu ti, ki ci mit tich cue cung nhu tieu cue, cd nhiing van d i khd hoac khong the dinh lupng dugc 3.1 Tdc dgng tich cyc Ngoai vi?c phat dien vdi tdng cdng suat lap may la 6645MW (xip xi nhi may thiiy dien Son La), cac hd chua thiiy dien viing Tay Nguyen cd tac dgng dieu hda ddng chiy, giam dinh lu, ting cudng dong chay miia can Vdi tdng dung tich cac hh chiia da, dang va sS xay dung khoang 16 ry m', cac hfl chiia gdp phan bd cap Ihem lugng nudc ngam Ben canh dd cac hd chua cdn tham gia chuyen nudc nj luu vuc cd nhieu nudc sang luu \ gc rat it nudc (nhu cau diing nudc Idn) nhu thiiy di?n Kanak - An Khe chuyen nudc tir sdng Ba sang sdng Kone (Binh Dinh); thuy dien Thugng Kon Tum chuyin nudc tir sdng Dik Bia (sdng Se San) sang sdng Tra Khiic; thiiy dien Da Nhim chuyen nudc [ir song Dflng Nai qua song Cai Phan Rang (Ninh Thu^n) va thiiy dien Dgi Ninh chuyen nudc tir sflng Dong Nai qua sdng Liiy (Binh Thuan, viing khd h?n nhat ca nudc) 3.2 Tdc dpng tieu c{rc Ben c^nh nhihig lgi ich khdng the phii nhan, thiiy di?n ciing co nhieu bat lgi, anh hudng xau den - Tren sdng Ba tir thugng nguon den thuy dien song Ba Ha, chi ke tren ddng chinh da cd bac thang chia ddng sdng khiic - Tren sdng Dak Bia mgt nhanh cua sflng Se San tir Thugng Kon Tum den phd Kon Tum cd it nhat 13 nha may thuy dien (hfl va dap dang) - Tren ddng chinh sflng Dflng Nai tir dap Dan Duang den dap Tri An gdm cd 13 nha may thuy dien da, dang va se xiy dung - Tren ddng chinh sdng Srepok hien da va dang xay dung bac thang nhi may thiiy dien Viec xual hien cic bac thang thiiy dien da lam thay dfli che dp thiiy van tir che thuy van sdng ngoi sang che dp thiiy van hfl chiia Ddng chay tren cac doan sflng khdng dn djnh, that thudng c i miia can Thdi gian tap trung ddng chay ngan lai, thay dfli theo timg doan song khdng cd qui luat rd ret 3.2.2 Vi^c xay dung cdc ho chira thiiy diin da Idm tdng ton thdt Ting bdc ho'i mgt nu'dc: Lugng bflc hoi mat nudc tang len dugc ti'nh theo cong thiic: Trong do: AZ la lugng bdc hoi mat nudc tang them hing nam (mm/nam); Zn la luong boc hai mat nudc nam trung binh nhieu nam (mm/nam); Zo la lugng bflc thoat hai nudc mat iuu vuc nam trung binh nhieu nam ti'nh theo phuang trinh can bang nudc luu vuc kin Xo la lupng mua nam trung binh nhieu nam (mm/nam), YQ la ldp dong chay mat nam trung binh nhieu nam binh quan luu virc (mm/nam); AZ =; 500 mm/nam theo gia In tinh toan cua cac hd chiia thiiy dien da va dang xay dung tren ca sdng chinh Idn nhat d Tay Nguyen 177 Tdng dien tich mit nuac cua cic hd chiia d&, - Thuy dien Srepdk va Srdpdk xim pham dang vi se xay dung tren ca sdng chinh thugc vuon Qudc Gia York Don khu vyc Tiy Nguyen ude tinh khoang 925 km^ - Thuy di^n Budn Kuop xim ph^im khu bio tSn Nhu vay tdng lugng ton that bdc hai mit nudc ling th'gm la 925 x 0,5 x 10^ = 462,5 trieu m^ bing NamKar dung tich mdt hd chda Idn 3.2.5 Anh hu&ng din cdc hogt dgng o hg luu Tang lu-gng ton that thim a dudi d^y c^c ho chija dign tich chu vi udt tang Idn Trong qui trinh vin hinh, die bift li iiiiia c^in, di ting cudng lugng di^n chii yeu chii f din sin 3.2.3 Tgo khue song "chet" a dogn hg luu ddp lugng di|n, nhidu ho chira thuy di?n ting cudng viec tfch nudc d£ du trit phdt diSn, nen lugng nudc Nhieu cdng trinh thuy dien, de tao diu nudc xa xudng liru khdng ding ke, ddi ngimg Idn, nang cao hieu qui phit dien da diing kenh din hoin toan Tii dd, gay inh hudng bdt lgi den vi§c hay dudng dng ap lire dan nudc tir hd chiia den nhi cung cap nuac cho cic muc dich sir dung khic d may thuy dien, nen doan sdng tir dap den nhi may du nhu cap nudc sinh hoat, tudi tieu, giao thdng, khdng cd nudc trd thinh mflt doan sdng chit cd thuy sin, ddng thdi lim bien ddi che dO ddng chieu dii tir vii km den hang chuc km sau tuyen dap chinh Vi du: sau thuy dien Ddng Nai 3, chay vi suy thoii he sinh thai thuy sinh do^n sdng dii 1000 m sau dip cd luu lugng Q = 0, Cic nhi may thuy dien nhu An KhS - Kanak khflng cd nhap luu nio dang ke, doan sdng chuyen nudc tir sdng Ba qua song Kone, thuy di§n "khd" tir thing XI den thing III Thiiy dien Srepdk Da Nhim vi Dai Ninh chuySn nudc tir sdng Ddng 4A dang xay dung dugc hinh bing mgt kenh Nai sang sdng Cai Phan Rang vi sdng LOy, dan ddng tir thiiy dien Srgpdk cit thing doan Thugng Kon Tum chuyen nudc tir song Dik Bia sdng cong Bin Ddn 22 km Doan sdng cong (Kon Tum) sang sdng Tri Khiic (Quing Ngii) chi chay qua Vudn Qudc Gia York Don gay anh tinh den hi?u qui thuy dien, cap nudc song chua hudng tdi khu du ljch sinh thii tinh dSn h§ luy nudc xam nhap sau vio sflng Di Ring, sdng Ddng Nai, h& lyy giy dogn sflng BSn canh dd, nhieu cdng trinh thiiy dien dieu khd d luu dip, giy anh hudng tdi mdi trudng, tiet dem tao mdt sd gid tich, mgt sd gid xa sinh thii cung nhu viec khai thic sir dung nudc nudc gay nen nhdng thdi doan sdng khd nudc Viec chuyen nudc tir Iuu vuc sang luu vuc ngiy, ddng chay khdng luu thdng inh hudng khic, neu khong cd sir ddng thuan tir diu sS den h? sinh thai thiiy sinh, cugc sdng nhimg ngudi giy nhCtng mau thuan giiia cic dja phuong sinh ke tr6n sdng khd khan 3.2.6 Gdy xoi la ba song - Thuy dien Ddng Nai theo che dieu tiet dem, tao 12 gid ddng cua tich nudc, luu Viec xay dap chin ddng se gift lai hd mat nudc chira mgt lugng Idn phii sa Ddng phu sa thay ddi theo limg doan song khien nhiiu bd sdng suy yeu - Thiiy dien Budnkudp dieu tiet ngiy dem giy vi sut day sdng "hieu img nudc trong" Mit anh hudng tdi ba thic d luu li thic Dray Sap khic, cdng tic van hanh tich - xi ciia cic hd chua (thic Draynur); thac Gia Long (dti ddi va dep di lim cho muc nudc Iuu dao ddng Idn gay mit nhit); thic Trinh Nii dn dinh hai bd sdng din din xdi Id d luu dip Vi - Thiiy dien Srepdk + Drayling -i-Srepdk deu dg: h? luu dip Budn Tua Srah xdi 16 k^o dii din li dap dang dieu tiet ngiy d6m, chua cd hd diiu tiit 30 km miia d cuoi ciia sdng 3.2.7 Gidm lugmg nuac ngdm cung cdp cho song - Thiiy dien Sesan III, S6san IIIA diu li diiu vi miia cgn vi?cphd rung xdy dirng hd chua tiet ngiy dem giy inh hudng den ddng chiy doan Nhiiu kit qui nghien ciiu cho thiy, di tgo luu giiia hai tram thiiy dien 1M W cdng suit thiiy dien, phii mit di tir 10 din 30 Ho chua (huy dien da xdm phgm din diin riing vi di cd 1,000 hd chiia nuac ciing cin lich ddt rdng ciia cdc vuan Qudc Gia vd khu bdo san phing, giai phdng tir 1000 din 2000 dat Ion ihien nhien phia thugng ngudn Vdi tflng dign tich mit hd 925 - Thiiy dien KrongKma xam pham vudn Qudc km^ (92500 ha) kfem theo dien tich mit dit rirng thi cong Idn trgi, dudng giao thong chiim khoing gia Chuyangsin, 20-30% ntta, nghTa l i x i p xi khoing 120.000 dit rung bj phi Cgng them lam tic v i nhihig ngudi vd y thitc cd ca hdi phi rimg thi difn tich dit rimg bj m i l cd thi ting gip hay lin Pleikrong (sdng Krdng Pdkd- Se San) vdi luu lugng 1cm nhat Q^ax = 10.229 m'/s lii thiil k i cdng trinh 1000 nim li 7063 mVs va lu kiim tra 5000 nim la 10.000 m^/s Do rung bj tin phi, c i c yeu td dieu tiet ddng chiy giim, nudc mua chii yeu thoat theo ddng chiy gay xdi mdn, lu lut, tang luu lugng ddng mat Lugng nudc tham bd sung cho nudc dudi dat giim di rat nhieu Tii li^u quan trie d cic lo khoan (LK) mdt sd khu vuc rimg cdn bio tdn tdt khdng thay suy giam mgc nudc ho^c suy giam khdng dang ke: nhu viing Ban Ddn - Ea Sup, muc nudc cic lo khoan LK84T, LK83T Dik Nflng, LK102T Tan Rai, Nhanh ding v i nhinh ciia dfl thj dudng muc nudc deu thoii Cdn viing Ea H'Leo the hien rd anh hudng cua su tin pha rimg, muc nudc cic Id khoan LK29T, LK30T, LK69T suy giam, nhinh dang ciia dfl thi deu hg ddc, Kien nghj mgt so giai p h i p tdng the glim thieu c i c t i c dong bat lgi den t i i nguyen nirdc phat trien thuy dien 2.8 Gdy hiin luang nhdn lao) lu chong len lu (lu Nhieu truang hgp, d luu da xuit hien dinh lii song d thuang luu de dam bao an toan cho cdng trinh hd chiia phai xa cap tap gay nen ngap li,it d du sau hon v i thdi gian ngap keo dai hon binh thudng 3.2.9 Thay doi xdu chdi lugng nuac Viec xiy dung nha thiiy di^n lim cho chat lugng nudc sdng d luu tir thi cdng den v§n hanh vii nim dau bj xau di ding ke qui trinh phan huy thuc vai ldng hd Viec chit bd vi dgn dep thim thgc vat tgi khu vuc du an sS lim IJSng lugng chii nia trdi be mijl, ting dp due, cic chit httu co nudc, gay nhiem ban ngudn nudc Han n&a, viec biin cit bdi ling Irong long hd lim cho nudc sdng d luu trd nen Irong viia gay "hieu ling nudc trong" lam xdi Id hai bd luu vira lam glim lugng thirc in cho ihiiy smh vat, giam phil sa boi dip rupng ddng 3.2.10 Su rui ro va ddp Khu vgc nghien ciiu cd hang trim hd chiia, irong dd hiu hit li viia va nhd, xac sua! va dap idn hon rit nhiiu so vdi hd chua Idn vi cd tieu chuan an loin cao hon Niu cd dip bj vd se gay lic dflng vd day truyen cac dap khic tren ciing tuyen sdng giy h$u qua xiu Hon nita, lic dgng ciia biin dii h$u, viec xuit hj^n lu vugt lu thiil ki th^m chi vugt lii kiem tra khdng phai li su kien qui hiim Vi dy trgn lu 2009 xay d hd thiiy dien Tien hinh to chiic lap Uy ban Luu vuc sdng Td chiic diiu phdi luu vuc sdng thudc Nghi djnh 120/2008/ND-CP ngiy 1/12/2008, vi quin ly iuu vuc sflng theo bdn ddng sflng chinh d Tay Nguyen, sdm hoin thien cac vin bin Quy hoach luu vuc song ciia cac song Srepdk, Se San, Dflng Nai, Sflng Ba; Ra soil lai quy hoach thiiy dien phuc vu da muc lieu tren cac he ihdng sdng chinh thupc Tay Nguyen Xay dung qui chuan ve nguong khai thic nudc mil nudc ngim, va ddng chay tdi thieu d luu cac cdng trinh thiiy dien Xay dung van bin hudng din thiit k i thi cflng cic cong trinh bfl cap nudc ngam, thu gom nudc mua, be chira nudc mil, Quy djnh va kiem soit chat che phan bdn hda hgc, hda chat bio ve thuc vat dam bao dudi mire cho phep Ban hinh quy trinh van hinh lien ho chira ca nim he thflng bac thang thiiy dien Sflng Ba, Ddng Nai, Se San, Srepdk Ngoii hai nhiem vu bao dim an toin luyet dfli cho cflng trinh v i cung cap dien len ludi dien qudc gia phuc vu kinh te x i hpi, cdn CO cac nhiem vu: - Gop phan cit giam nhe In cho du' + Khong cho phep lu chong len lii (gay Iti nhan tao) + Gdp phan cit giam lu cho du vdi mire dp cho phep - Dam bao cap dii ddng chay tdi thieu cho cac doan song du d phia Viet Nam va ca phia Campuchia Hien khu vuc Tay Nguyen chi c6 he Ihdng song Ba, Se San, Srepok mdi duoc ban hanh qui trinh van hanh lien hd chua miia iu Viec cap giiy phep xay dung va van hanh mpl du an thiiy dien can phai can nhic tinh toan den cic lgi ich khic, dd, die biei liJu y den kha ning dieu tiet lii (ddi voi ho chiia Idn) cung nhu viec dam bao ddng chiy tdi thieu sau luu dap De nghj Chinh phii sdm qui dinh bit budc cic hd chiia thuy dien cd dung tich Idn tu 100 trieu m^ trd len diu phai dinh mdt dung tich phdng Iii cho hadu Bd sung them mpt sd tram tugng thiiy vin phuc vu du bio vao mang ludi quan trie tii nguyen vi mdi trudng din nim 2020 theo Quyfit djnh sd 16/2007/QD-TTg 29/1/2007 Ddng thdi, bd sung trang thiit bi hien dai vi nang cao ning luc du bio phuc vu cdng tic vgn hanh hd chiia mdt each hieu qua Ket luan Lugng ddng chiy hing nim tren lanh thd Tiy Nguyen tuong ddi Idn, nhung phin bd rit khflng ddng deu theo khong gian vi thdi gian Viec hinh thinh he thdng bac thang thuy dien tren cac sdng chinh cua cac hd chua thdy dien Tiy Nguyen cd cic lic ddng lich cue, phit dien vdi tdng cdng suat lip miy 6645MW, diSu hda ddng chiy, giim dinh lu, ting cuang ddng chiy miia can, tham gia chuyen nudc tir luu vuc cd nhieu nudc sang luu vuc rat it nudc Tuy vay, ben egnh nhiing lgi ich khflng the phii nhan, thuy dien ciing cd nhiiu tic dflng tieu cue, inh hudng xau dSn lii nguyen nudc nhu: lim cho ddng sdng bj chia cit thinh nhiiu dogn, che dd thiiy vin bi thay ddi, tao kh6c sflng chet d luu dip, Hd chiia thuy dien Tay Nguyin di xim pham den dien tich dat rimg ciia cic vudn Qudc Gia Chuyangsin, York Don va khu bao tdn NamKar, gay xdi Id bd sdng, inh hudng din cic hoat ddng d hg luu lim inh hudng den mdi truong smh thii, thay d6i xdu chat lugng nudc lim suy giam da dang sinh hpc vi khong mang Iai hi^u qui kinh ti, phii ddu tu cao vigc cai tgo mdi tnidng tir nhien Chinh vi v§y, de khai thic vi sii dung tii nguyen nudc hi^u qui tren Iinh th6 TSy Nguyen, d$c biet thiiy di^n cin nghiSn cihi dinh gii va du bio diy dii cic tic d$ng ciia cic cdng trinh niy tdi tii nguySn nudc, dd cin luu }^ xem xet din quyin uu tien giita cic hg dimg nudc nhim giii quyit tot cic mau thuan phit sinh vi hii hda igi ich giita cic nginh Dieu niy ddi hdi cd nhiing quy djnh phip Iy mgt cich chit chg cua co quan quan Iy Nhi nudc cdng nhu cd sg dau tu kinh phi mdt cich thda dang vi$c nang cao chat lugng du bio, quan trie tai nguyen nudc viing Tay Nguyen TAILI$UDAN [1] Nguyin Lgp Ddn, VU Thi Thu Lan, Phan Thdi Le, Le Minh Nguy^t, 2012; Nghien ciiu ca sd khoa hpc cho cic giii phip t6ng thi giii quyit cic miu thuan lgi Ich viic khai thic sir diing tii nguyen nuac phyc vy phit triin kinh ti - xi hfli lanh Ihd Tay Nguyin, Ky yiu Hgi nghi khoa hpc Dja I^ loan qudc lin thii 6, NXB Khoa hpc Ty nhien va Cdng nghi, tr.225-234 [2] Ngo Dinh Tudn, 2000 Tii nguyen nudc Tay Nguyin vi van de khai thic sir dung Hpi thao trao ddi thdng tin da dang sinh hoc viing Tiy nguyin, Bp KHCN & MT, Ba Vl ngiy 29/02 01/03/2000 SUMMARY The impact of tiydro-electric development to water resource in Tay Nguyen area Tay Nguyen area (Highland) is considered to be the original water resource of most of the rivers flowing into the East Sea in the coastal Middle area South East (Vietnam) and area of two provinces named Rotanak Km and Mondul Kiri (Cambodia) Due to favorable terrain, Highland posesses relatively abundant hydro-electric energy for Vietnamese central region Hydro-electric reservoirs have been contributing significantly to the sustainable development of socioeconomy and environment, security and national defense in the area However, the considerable development of hydroelectric power in the Highland has been assessed in different perspectives in society This article deeply analyses the impacts of hydro-electncity to water resource in the Highland and proposes solutions to the problems such as the establishment of River Basin Commission and Review hydro-electric Planning to serve multiple purposes in the major nver systems in Tay Nguyen area ... se xay dung tren ca sdng chinh thugc vuon Qudc Gia York Don khu vyc Tiy Nguyen ude tinh khoang 925 km^ - Thuy di^n Budn Kuop xim ph^im khu bio tSn Nhu vay tdng lugng ton that bdc hai mit nudc ling... F = 192km^ ~ 2950 km^ dd cd sdng nhinh Idn vdi F > 1000 km^ li sdng la Ayun, EaKrong Nang thudc khu vuc Tay Nguyen Sdng la Ayun: bit ngudn tir viing niii cao tir 1500 den - 1700m, chiy theo hudng... ting len rd r?t tir 1600 din 2800mm (Bao Lgc - Lam Ddng, Gia Lai, Kon Tum) Ngugc l^i, thung lung khuit gid, lugng mua n&m giam dang ke chi cdn 1200 - 1400mni/nam (song Krdng Buk - Dik Lik va Sdng