CONG NGHE CONG NGHE MOI trong tham do, khai thac, van chuyen dau khi « '''' J * ? Trong linh vUc thdm dd dja vdr ly biin vd khai thdc vdn chuyin ddu khi, cdc khd khdn, thdch thUc dd trd thdnh dpng lUc gi[.]
CONG NGHE CONG NGHE MOI «' J*? tham do, khai thac, van chuyen dau Trong linh vUc thdm dd dja vdr ly biin vd khai thdc - vdn chuyin ddu khi, cdc khd khdn, thdch thUc dd trd thdnh dpng lUc giup khoa hpc - ky thudt - cdng nghi phdt triin vdi tdc dp cao Bdi viit ndy gidi thliu mpt sd thdnh tUU ve cdng nghi thu no dia chdn da phUOng vf cua CCCVeritas vd mpt so tUn bp ky thudt khai thdc - vdn chuyin ddu d nhdng cdng ty nhd cua My Hy vpng qua ddy ban dpc tiip cdn dUpc mpt s6 cong nghi, ky thudt mdi vd quan trpng han Id rut dUpc bdi hpc Idm thi ndo dicdc cdng ty nhd (cdch ddy 10 ndm khdng cd tiing tdm), dd ddng vdo danh sdch cdc cdng ty hdng ddu cda ngdnh ddu thigidi Cong nghe dia c h i n mdi cua CGG Veritas cic cdng nghd dia c h i n tidn bd d vinh Mexico' Sau i p dung phUPng p h i p phucmg vj rdng lan dau tien De hinh i n h Idng dat rd hon, Cdng ty Dia v i t ly CGGVeritas (Nauy) ap dyng cdng nghd thu no, xd ly mdi tren khu vue Keathley Canyon, vjnh Mexico, phan thudc My Diy la eong nghe dia chin 3D, phu bdi, mang tdn IBALT, tham dd trdn 221 Id {5.150km''), sddung ddng thdi - tau dia chin va dijng phuong p h i p thu nd phuong vi rdng (wide azimuth) Du bao, cdng nghe se duoc nganh dau sd dyng nhidu thdi gian tdi, mac dii kha d i t lidn Bii lai, khich hang se cd nhdng l i t cit, b i n dja chin chat tuang cao, chi t i l l hon so vdi viee sd dyng cic phuong p h i p phd bidn hidn nay, dd g i i m riii ro d vmh Mexico each d i y nam, CGGVeritas da tutin md rdng dja ban hoat dpng nhieu noi k h i c Su khac bidt Idn nhat eiia IBALT la sif dung t i u dia chin chdc nang (dual), offset (cda s6) d i i n h i t hidn nay, cd thd ddn 20km, tao dp phil tat c i cic phuang vj pham vi 10km cho ndn nd CO t h i trd t h i n h thich thifc true t i l p ddi vdi ky thuit Coil Shooting { b i n xoin) cua Western Geco he thu dir lidu Q-Marme vdi offset d i i 14km Coil Shooting ddtjc thiet ke de md rdng k h i n i n g tham dd phuong vj rdng, phue vy nhidu khich hing, dimg chi mdt tau chay tren nhieu vijng chdng l i p theo eie vdng trdn lidn tuc vide chon vj tri gidng khoan phat tnen, eung tdc l i g i i m chi phi khoan cung nhu g i i m long chi phi tham dd Hidn nay, tren thj trudng d i cd mdt ky thuit mdi, vdi cdng nghe niy, CGGVeritas da chdng minh ring hp t i goi l i Multivessel dual - coil shooting (bin xoin, diing mdt eic cdng ly dia vat ty hang d i u , canh tranh vdi nhidu t i u dia chin ehiirc n i n g - vda p h i t sdng vda thu Western Geco va Petroleum Geo-Service {PGS) - nhdng sdng - cimg mdt liic) Tiu chay theo vdng trdn cd nghTa la cdng ty noi t i i n g nganh d i u bien dang sd hdu tao didu kien thu - no theo nhilu phuong vi, nhidu offcet cdng nghe dia ehin phuong vi rdng hon la phuong thdc chay theo cic tuyen song song nhUtif trudc d i n v i n l i m Ngoii ra, phuong thdc ehay vong De i n n i y dupc xem la bude khdi d i u eiia ddi t i u trdn khdng tao thdi gian phi sin x u i t nhU chuy^ StagSeis, mdt doi thii cudc chay dua tham dd dja t d t u y l n n i y sang tuyen khic phuang thdc tau chay chin cac mdi trudng dia chit phdc tap, nhu c i u tao theo tuydn song song CGGVeritas cho rang, vdi cich tiep dudi mudi d cic vung b i l n Bac My, Nam My ITieo dng c i n thdng qua k i t hpp cdng nghd StagSeis vdi BroadSeis Jean - George Malcor - CEO cua CGGVeritas, "CGGVeritas thi edng nghe mdi ciia hp cd the cung eip hinh inh day tudn ddng h i n g d i u cdng cudc sing lao v i i p dung du theo cic phuong vi khic ma khach hing mong 64 DihiXHi-Sd 11/2012 PETROVIETNAM mudn v i sd lieu thu duac cung dupe xir ty de d i n g hon •kj^ thuit Coil shooting CGGVeritas dang c i i t i l n d l h o i n thidn mdt sd kdnh ghi nhanh m i y ghi sdng va hy vgng se trinh b i y Hdi t h i o ciia Hpi Oia v i t ly t h i m F (SEG) tai Las Vegas v i o t h i n g 11/2012 StagSeis d i duoc cdng n h i n l i mdt cdng ngh$ t i l n bd duoc CGGVeritas v i Sercel (cdng ty sin x u i t thidt bj dia vat ly, thinh vidn ciia CGG Veritas) sing tao Cdng nghd PJoadSeis (bang ghi rdng, nhilu t i n sd) hp dUa cich day nam ciJng dUpc gdp v i o cdng nghd StagSeis, Vdi tin cay/chinh xic cao, sd lieu tan sd t h i p cho phdp nang cao dp xam n h i p siu cua sdng dd l i m rd hinh i n h eic dfii tuong d siu cung nhu tao sU dn dinh ky thuat nghich d i o tin hieu sdng Mpt Ipi ieh b i t ngd, khdng CO chii y thidt ke cua cic ky t h u i t bang rpng l i cic cong ty d i u cd the md rdng/kdo d i i cda so thdi tidt thu s6ng thuc h i n h ngoii thuc dja bdi vi streamers (day miy thu) dUPe lai d i t chim d dp siu nhd hPn k i t c i u thiet bi truyin thdng, dd it bj hdng cie dieu kidn nude bidn thay ddi theo mua hay thdi t i l t g i y [3] PGS dua Omg dung cdng nghd bang rdng l i n d i u vio nam 2007 v i hien trdn thj trUdng dia v i t ly b i l n fla CO he thdng Geostreamer GS b i n g rdng vdi streamer kep (dual streamer) cung nguon kep chuyen bidt (special dual-source}.Td'kdp"dung dday dUPe hieu la ngudn p h i t sdng (source) eung nhu may thu sdng dupe t h i l t k l dat ddng thdi d hoic nhilu sau khac so vdi mat nude b i l n tai d i l m khio sat Didu ndi Idn ring cdng eu niy ed t h i thu dupc hinh i n h vdi phin giii cao, loai trir dupe cic nhieu dUdi dang "tin hidu ma (ghosts)" ciia m i y thu l i n ngudn (mat nude biln t i c dpng nhu mdt mat guong i m hpc hoin h i o ndn g i y tin hidu ma khdng t h i t h o i t sd tidu ghi sdng dia chin thdng thudng) cung nhu loai trd sy han chd ciia ngUdng thu sdng nhd sif dung d i i l i n s6 rdng Tai vj tri ngudn ddi vdi moi lin bin, mdt p h i n xa mudn ve thdi gian t d mat bien l i m keo dai qua trinh irudng sdng d i n hdi vu nd g i y truyen trye tiep v i o Idng dat Didu dd hiiy diet ei thdng tin t i n sd thap tan t i n sd eao Tuong tu, tai vj tri moi mdt may thu dpe theo streamer, mdt phin xa mudn t d mat biln se giao thoa vdi sdng phin xa ed ieh Bin ehit eiia sy giao thoa gida trUdng sdng "so cap" (primary) v i trudng sdng "ma" thay doi theo dd sau eiia vi tri ngudn (doi vdi ngudn ma - source ghost) hoac dp chim (siu) ciia streamer (ddi vdi miy thu ma receiver ghost) V l phin may thu"ma", ddi vdi ehim siu d i cho bat ky cOa streamer, bien dp eiia mpt sd t i n sd se bj c i t bd hoan toan tai sensor ghi sdng ("notches" - bidn dp t i n so bj eat), cdn bidn eiia cie t i n sd khac lai se dupe tang g i p ddi ("peaks"- dinh) Ndi ehung, eie t i n so "dinh"xe djch ve phia eie gia tr| t h i p tang dp chim siu eiia streamer va ngUpe lai Hidn tUPng "miy thu ma" ludn la van de/khd khan ddi vdi streamer g i n hydrophone ei vd phuong didn dia vat ly lan thUe hanh triln khai tren thue dja Ve CO bin, cdng nghe bang t i n sd rdng eho phep thu dupe cie sdng (wavelets) cd hinh hai rd rang, noi bat n h i t ndn dieu d i p dng duoc ydu cau vide thu hinh i n h cua nhdng doi tUong hinh thinh d mdi trUdng nudc ndng nhu cie Idp mdng, eic bay nhd da t r i m tich, doi hdi phii cd dp phin giii cao ei d nhdng t i n so t h i p lan t i n Hinh I idt cdt dia chdn thu dupe trin cdu tgo efife diapla mudi bdng cdng nghi dia chdn tiling dung [3] cat dia chdn thu duac tren cau tao Hinh Ldt mudi bdng cdng nghi cCia Veritas chdadidpia so cao mdi cd the nhin didn ehinh xic dUpc Cich t i l p can ciia PGS dUa vao Viiu KHl : 65 ! -CONG NGH$ i.icnang v i o chien t h u i t thu sdng, n h i t t i n sd t h i p n i y dpc theo d i y c i p v i "tinh da dang ciia • cjmers kdp lai kdo d nhCfng dd siu khic notch" dupc khai t h i e nhU thd n i o d l loai bd nhidu "pia" ling n h u c i c ngudn t^o sdng kdp v i b i o t o i n cic cung nhu k y t h u i t h i l n thj hinh i n h Sdng thu dac diem cua tin hidu thu q u i trinh xif ly sd lidu thyc dupc c i cho t^ sd tin hidu/nhidu cao v i cho dd rdng toi ,,1 dja [1.2] da ciia b i n g t i n , giiip cho eic hinh i n h rd rang hon ve hinh thd eic ddi tUpng d n h i l u dd s i u khic Lira chon cd y nghia Cdng nghd BroadSeis cd sOrc h i p d i n Idn trdn thj trudng djch vy dja v i t ly vdi khoing 42.000km' dja chin 3D da dupe thu nd hoic dang tidn h i n h trdn t o i n thd gidi Trong sd dd, khoing ll khdi tUOng thudc vd cic dd i n dia ehin khdng ddc quydn (ho^c cdn goi ti dd i n da khieh hing) Nhd eP chd b i n sin p h i m thu dupe trdn cung mdt dien tich t h i m dd cho nhidu ngudi ndn g i i b i n ed thd h^ Idng d i t Ttnh da dang cCia dd s i u ciia streamer, hinh d^ng ciia c i p v i sy da dang cOa "streamer ghost notch" cd thd dupc didu chinh cho cic myc tidu khic cho tinh da d^ng cua notch v i ph6 d i u dupe t6i Uu hda cho mdi dd i n nghidn cu'u/thim dd Hinh dang ciia c i p dupc thidt kd phu hpp vdi dd siu mdc nude, d6 siu ddi tupng nghidn cdu v i l i t c i t tdc dd truyin sdng didn tich nghidn edu t h i p ddn mdc thi trudng chap n h i n dupe, cdng CGGVeritas dang dUa BroadSouree, mdt ngudn tao ly dja v i t ly v i n cd lai mic dCi chi phi d i u lU dd cd sin sdng nhidu t i n g duoe ddng bd hda (synchronized multi- p h i m dd eao hpn r i t nhidu so vdi dd i n chi phuc vy cho level source) kdt hpp vdi n i n g c i p cic t h u i t t o i n xir ly de mdt khich hing Tuy nhidn, Cdng ty Dja v i t ly r i t nhay loai nhidu "ma" eiia ngudn Oieu n i y cd nghia la eung cip c i m ddi vdi trich nhidm vide chpn giii p h i p cdng cic t i n sd t h i p cCing loai cho ngudn sdng lai d i t chim siu nghe dUa tren nghd t h u i t "hop den" xd ly sd lidu nudc thdng thudng, md rdng phd mien tan so (tife la tuydt ddi giCr bi mit, khdng chuyen giao nguyen ty cao d l cho dd p h i n giii lot hOn v i l i m rd hon hinh inh cdng nghd ndi trdi ngoii) Vi t h i , chi cd cie dai gia d i u ciia eic t i n g d i t dudi siu CO vdn Idn de d i u tunghien cdu tai nguyen mdi du sde thue rieng eong nghd hien dai Theo CGGVeritas, c i i t i l n cd y nghTa nhat tren s6 lieu BroadSeis ciing vdi BroadSouree la loai bd "source ghost" CGGVeritas mong mudn, edng nghd ciia hp dupc v i t i n g cie t i n sd eao Bdi BroadSeis da cung cip cic tin hieu rang giii p h i p BroadSeis thUc la mpt gdi sd lieu so t h i p diing mdt ngudn tao sdng quy Ude nen nguon dja chan 3D va 4D day du, thu dUoc tif thiet bj phat - thu da eip chi c i n giiip n i n g them dd rpng cua d i i tin so lai d i t theo dp sau bien thien WesternGeco g i n d i y da thap d mdc tdi t h i l u Cdng ty n i y eho bilt, sir dung dung each t i l p can eiing vdi viec dUa v i o sd dung BroadSeis, cic ngudn sdng d i ed the p h i t cic tin hidu co ObliQslant streamer (streamer nghieng) CGGVeritas eho t i n sd t h i p hon 3Hz Dong thdi vdi vide mdt nguon bang rang, yeu to chii y l u he edng nghd ciia minh l i tan rdng duoc tridn khai d mue nudc siu, tiic tan so dimg eie streamer Sentinel cdng Sercel sin x u i t v i sdng dupe n i n g Idn khoing - 20Hz, didu rit duac diing rdng rai nginh d i u bdi nhidu cdng cd ich cho vide lam rd hinh i n h cie Idp d i n i m dudi Idp ty dia vat ly {ngoai trCr PGS v i WesternGeco ed thiet bj bazalt hoic dUdi mudi rieng ciia hp) Streamer cdng eung eip t i n sd t h i p mong mudn v i nhieu t h i p eung nhu k h i ning ed the dupe lai dat d dp siu nUdc b i l n Idn hOn eic quy dinh chuin eiia nganh d i u Cdng nghd dien tir t h i he mdi cho phdp ghi so lidu t h i p den 2Hz, md rpng them - octaves cho m i l n kdt thuc t i n so thap eua pho, npi tdn tai thieh thirc phep ghi tin hieu cd ich chinh xac hon so vdi nhieu d mien t i n sd niy Viee k i t hop thu sdng b i n g thiiy dia ehin ky (hydrophone) tan sd thap v i g i i m nhieu streamer edng dUa tai la rat cP ban ddi vdi giii p h i p d i i bang rdng (broadband solution) [3] I\fldl p h i n khdng l i c h rdi ciia phUOng phip thu song dja chin b i l n cua CCGVeritas l i bd thiet bj cd chdc nang rii lidn tyc xudng nude cic m i y Nautilus cua Sercel, mot cdng cu d l q u i n ly djnh vj i m hpc, kilm soit dp siu va l i i t y ddng (dinh vj t y ddng) d i y c i p thu sdng ket hpp tai t h i n h mdt bd thiet bj khio sit tich hop Ndi cich khac Nautilus dieu chinh vide t r i l n khai tU ddng ngudn song, m i y thu sdng de phii 3D tdt n h i t khu vUc nghidn eilu/ tham dd va cung c i p k h i n i n g lap lai cic thdng so 4D duoc n i n g c i p b i n g cich kdt hpp may vdi eac day c i p thu (bd tri nhu hinh ldng chim) giup dieu chinh d6 Trong mdt b i i bao trUde day, CGGVeritas md t i Idch hudng, k i l m soit dd siu va d i l u khiln phUflng vj eiia "ghost notch" thay ddi nhu the nao g i n hydrophone t h i l t bj thu p h i t sdng chfnh x i c hon nda, n h i m phucvu PETROVIETNAM Hinh Tdu Ola chdn Ocean Sirius [3] cho cdng t i c xic djnh sp bd cic vj tri nghidn ciru/thim dd Ngoii ra, n h i t h i l t k l cdn sd dyng g i i i p h i p kiem kd CGG mua tau bien hidn dai nhat ciia Aker Maritime (Nauy), Sercel mua lai cie edng ty chuydn sin xuit miy dja v i t ly (nhu Syntron, Sodera, Multiwave Geophysical) dd nhanh ehdng tang tiem lUe ky thuit Nam 2006, CGG hpp n h i t vdi Veritas DGC (Nauy), trd CGGVeritas Nhd cd tidm lue t i i chinh mdi, CGGVeritas trang bi mdt ham dpi t i u Idn, dii su'c thUe hidn cic du i n Idn de cd the tham gia canh tranh trdn thj trUdng i h l gidi Nam 2009, ho mua thdm Cdng ty Dja v i t ly bien Wavefield Inseis (Nauy) streamer d l p h i t hidn v i d i l u ehinh dd Idch hudng Idn eua eip thu khdng duoc d u kidn trudc Vi du, Idch hudng eic ddng b i l n manh g i y cung nhu sd dyng phan mem ndi suy thdng minh dd nang eao chinh xic vide xic dinh vj tri m i y thu trdn hidn trudng qua trinh xir lysd lidu Lpi ich cua cdng nghd mdi l i g i i m d i n g ke sy can thiet phii dan them tuydn k h i o s i t hoac phii thu no lai xiy trudng hpp sd lieu thu dupe d mdt doan Hien nay, CGGVeritas dang dat myc tidu trd cdng ty dja vat ly bien Idn n h i t thd gidi Tuy nhidn, CGGVeritas eung dang ddng trude nhidu khd khan vi he sd no/tai sin len den 37 - 39% va sd khd giim didu kidn kinh t l l o i n eau suy thoii Mac dii vay, CGGVeritas v i n dau tU ty USD 6e nang eip dpi tau v i mdi day ho mua them t i u dja chin Oceanic Sirius vdi t h i l l kd mdi ciia Ulstein X-Bow, mpt loai tau dupe WesternGeco r i t Ua chudng tuyen nao dd khdng dii hoic chat lupng kem vi eie khiem Ichuyet niy co t h i dupe khie phyc b i n g each sd dung so lieu tot eua cac d i l m khic theo cic phuong vj khie thay vao v i dilu n i y mang tai gia tn kinh t l Idn nhd t i l t Iciem thdi gian, edng sdc cung nhu ed so lidu sdm cho eie hoat dpng t h i m dd tiep theo CGGVeritas cho rang, tif mpt edng ty nhd nhutig vdi vide sif dyng IBALT BroadSeis, hp dang vUpt Idn cai bdng ciia WesternGeco v i PGS tren thj trudng thd gidi ITnh vyc tham dd dja chin biln, du rang cudc canh tranh niy, dudng dan d i n chien thing cdn rat nhilu cam go Trong cic n i m cudi the ky XX, CGG chi l i mpt cdng ty nhd, chiem thi p h i n khidm ton thi trddng dja chin Hien nay, CGGVeritas dang chuan bj hidn dai hda dpi t i u , tri sd lupng 15 t i u 3D cdng suit Idn, tau 3D/2D cdng suit t h i p , thich nghi cac tau vdi edng nghe thu p h i t sdng da phUOng vj va cae ky thuat t i l n bo khac Cdng ty ehii trUPng t n l n khai cac djch vy eho eic thj trudng khu vyc dac bidt, ky kdt eie thda thuin mdi vdi Sevmorneftegeofizika (SMNG) ciia Lidn bang Nga 6e hinh lidn minh chien lupe giiip Nga va cie nude thude Lien Xd cu xiy dUng thj trUdng cho tau dja chin Cac lien minh chidn lupe trUdc day d i dupe t h i l t lap vdi Viet Nam va Indonesia [1,2,3] He thong pha vd via da tang bien Cac tdn tudi n i m gidthj trudng the gidi giai doan dd Cdng ty i-TEC d i sin xuit v i thir nghidm thinh edng ta Western Atlas, GecoPrakIa va PGS Tuy nhidn, CGG da cd he thdng p h i vd via nhidu doan (a multistage fracturing cai nhin loan dien de chuin bj cho phat trien tUOng lai, system) vdi ten gpi i-FRAC CEM system, sd dung eho cot the hien cocau td chdc vdi bo p h i n g i n k i t nhau: dng ehdng gieng d i i d i t r i m xi mang va dng Iifng (liner) bo phin nghidn cdu - xd Vj so lieu (Trung tam Massy), He thong gdm dan trdn duac kich hoat v i nhieu doan dng Cong ty sin x u i t m i y mde t h i l t bi (Sercel) va bd p h i n thi ndi nhau, ed 16 hd va ong Idng truot d l md hoic ddng cic c6ng thuc dja (cic t i u dia chan) Ve n h i n sy, CGG chpn 16 hd dd, dupc l i p dat thinh cum mdi doan d l tidp ngu6i rit ky, hau het la cic sinh vidn gidi tdt nghidp eac xuc tdi da vdi t i n g chda Mdt t h i l t bi don, dupe kich trucfng dai hpc Phip (khoa t o i n , ly, didn td, d\a chit) va ddng se md tat ea van cua cic doan dng tdt va tiic dan ^Upc cong ty cap lUOng (Idn hon hoe bdng thdng thudng) ed nhilu kich cd khic (de tdi Uu hda t i c ddng tao tfl hpc tiep nganh dja vat \-j d Vidn Dau Phap, sau dd khe ndt via) 6\sac b i n ra, tao mpt i p suit manh de fleu trd cic ky sU cd tai ning V l cO sd v i t chit p h i vd tdp vo XI mang v i tao ke nut t i n g chda Cd DSUKHi-SOll/2012 67 I ( )MG NGH^ ii luan mdt gilng v i mdi doan cd the cic bd sensor da l i n g vdi sd lidu dUoc ddng bO hda tif 20 ihidt bj b i n via Vide d i t he thdng n i y cic sensor hpp n h i t v i cd t h i b i l u hidn dUdi d^ng thj gieny dtioc thUc hidn ehl mdt l i n , khdng c i n p h i i tuong dng vdi dd siu eua g i l n g n h i m xic dinh rd nhCftig diing can trye, d i y tdi hay cic t h i l l bj cudn 6ng (coiled bidn thidn ehi t i l t cua cic tham s6 ghi gilng Cic s6 tubing units) Vide xd ly khe mil dupc t i l n h i n h b i n g lidu n i y eung c i p cic chi d i n v| tri cOa cic ch6 rd rl Cic HI I i ddng t i e bom lidn tyc gidng nhu hd thdng b i n t i n g md module sensor dimg khdng b i t budc (optional) cd thd via thdng thudng Hd thdng p h i vd via da t i n g dupc thidt cung c i p thdm nhOng sd lidu khic c i n theo ddi nhusy kd dd cd t h i kdo Idn mat d i t sau xd ly v i dung tidp cho eic gidng khie bidn thidn ciia nhidt dd cic Idp d i t d i , cudng dd ddng luu rd rl, phuong hudng ehiy ciia ddng luu t h i Cic sensor