Hoi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt mo qudc ti 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phdt triin bin vung NGHIEN CUtJ CAC SO DO CONG NGHE PHU HOP CHO VIEC K H A I T H A C V i A 1 M O A P A T I T L A O C A I GS TS[.]
Hoi Cong nghi khoa nghiep md hoc tien ki thudt tien mo qudc vi su phdt ti triin - 2010 bin vung NGHIEN CUtJ CAC SO DO CONG NGHE PHU HOP CHO VIEC K H A I T H A C V i A M O APATIT L A O GS.TS Tran Manh Xuan , PGS.TS Bui XuanNam , ThS Le Thi Thu Hoa (a) (b) ( a ) ( b ) C A I (b) H o i K h o a hoc va C o n g nghe m o V i e t N a m T r u d n g D a i hoc M o - D i a chat, H a N o i , V i e t N a m Torn tdt: Lao Cai la md apatit ldn nhdt cua Viet Nam Md cung cap nguyen lieu chinh cho viec sdn xudt phdn bdn cua ddt nuac Tuy nhien, day la mdt md cd cdu tao phuc tap vd phdn tan Dieu dnh hicang ddng ke tai he sd thu hdi vd chdt luong quang qua trinh khai thdc Bdi bdo trinh bay cdng nghe khai thdc chon phu hap cho viec khai thdc quang loai I cho md Cdng nghe khai thdc dd duac dp dung hieu qua cho md nhung nam gan day Tir khoa: khai thdc chon loc, sa cdng nghe, quang apatit Gidi thieu chung ve mo apatit Lao Cai Lao Cai la m o quang apatit l d n nhat cua V i e t N a m M o c u n g cap nguyen lieu chinh cho viec san xuat phan b o n cua dat nude T u y nhien, day la m o t m o co cau tao phuc tap va phan tan M o co 38 cong t r u d n g m o phan bo tren c h i e u dai h o n 40 k m D u a vao ham l u o n g P2O5, quang apatit cua m o d u o c chia l o a i : I , I I , I I I va I V Cac quang loai I va I I I phan bo d tren va cac quang I I va I V n a m d d u d i m u c phong hoa hoa hoc T r o n g quang loai i , ham l u o n g P2O5 c h i e m + % va k h o a n g 14+18 % quang loai I I I Cac v i a quang loai I co cac dac t i n h sau: goc doc + ° , t r u n g b i n h + ° ; chieu day t u 3+12 m , t r u n g b i n h 2+9 m ; a m 11,3%; mat 2.44 t / m ; he so k i e n co (Phan loai cua Protodiaconov) f = + ; he so n d r o i 1.45 Dac d i e m cua cac v i a quang loai I I I n h u sau: goc doc t r u n g b i n h + ° , chieu day 2+60 m , trung b i n h 6+34 m ; dm 17,1 + 17.7 % ; mat 1.83+1.89 t / m ; he s6 kien c6 (Phan loai cua P r o t o d i a c o n o v ) f = + ; he so n d r o i 1.5 Theo thiet ke cua L i e n X o (cu) nam 1981, san l u o n g ciia m o n h u sau: quang loai I la 800.000 t/n, quang l o a i I I I la 3.400.000 t/n M a y khoan sir dung mo la may khoan dap-xoay C B Y - 0 T d l khoan ddt da cung va may khoan C B B - M de khoan quang loai I va I I I P h u o n g phap no m i n so bo va xuc boc chon loc duoc sir dung mo Cong tac xiic boc duoc thuc hien bang may xiic tay gau K T - va K T - A Cac loai to BeJIA3-540, K P A - dugc sir dung de van tai mo va dau tau diezen T Y - diing de van tai ngoai mo Chieu cao tang dirng m o la m truong hop goc cam ciia via nho hon 50° va la 10 m k h i l d n h o n 50° Cac via quang loai I ciia m o apatit Lao Cai dugc chia loai: - V i a d o n gian: co cau t n i c d o n gian va dong nhat - V i a phiic tap: co cau t n i c phiic tap va phan tan Viec khai thac cac v i a quang phiic tap m o dugc thuc h i e n bang may xiic tay gau T u y nhien t h i l t b i k e m c o d o n g va co quy dao xiic c i i n g , da gay t o n that quang dang k l qua t r i n h k h a i thac Theo s i l i e u t h i n g ke ciia m o , t y le t i n that nho nhdt la 164 Hpi nghi Cong nghiep r r khoa hoc ki thuat md quoc te - 2010 mo tien tien vi su phdt trien ben vung 13.01 % tai D i ( k h u C a m D u o n g ) va I o n nhat la 43.88 % t a i k h u L a n g Cay I H e s i t i n that trung b i n h hang n a m la 29.21 % , nho nhat la 14.4% t r o n g n a m 1993 va I o n nhat la 41.44 % n a m 1989 C h i n h v i vay, viec n g h i e n c u u cac so c o n g nghe p h i i h o p cho viec khai thac c h o n loc tai v i a cua m o apatit L a o Cai la m o t v a n de k h o a hoc co t i n h cap thiet duoc n h i e u v i e n n g h i e n c u u , t r u o n g dai hoc va cac nha k h o a hoc m o o V i e t N a m quan tam, nghien c u u N g h i e n c i r u cac so d o c o n g n g h e k h a i t h a c c h o n loc cho m o a p a t i t L a o C a i 2.1 Nhiing tinh toan chung Quang loai I khai thac tai mo voi ham luong P2O5 dat 33±1 % la hang hoa khong can qua tuyen De dat d u o c h a m l u o n g P2O5 n h u tren, t y le l a m ban cho phep ( r ) d u o c k i e m soat qua t r i n h k h a i thac n h u sau: r = ^-^.100 , % (1) o a -a Trong do: a - ham l u o n g P t r o n g v i a q u a n g l o a i I , %>; a " - h a m l u o n g P2O5 v i a quang l o a i I I I b i t r o n l a n v o i quang l o a i I t r o n g qua t r i n h k h a i thac, % K h i ap dung so cong nghe k h a i thac c h o n loc co he so l a m ban thuc te (r) bang v o i he so l a m ban cho phep ( r ) , luc so tren se dugfc lira c h o n neu b i l u thirc sau dugc thoa man: m max l-r„ (2) T r o n g do: K - he so t o n that ciia so cong nghe k h a i thac d u g c lira chon, % ; r - t y le lam ban cho phep ciia so cong nghe khai thac lira chon, % m N e u m o t so so c o n g nghe k h a i thac co he so K v a r n h u n h a u , t h i so c o n g m nghe k h a i thac h o p l y nhat l a p h u o n g an co g i a t r i l g i n h u a n ( L ) cao n h d t v a d u g c d a n h gia b o i b i e u thirc sau: L = i^.G,-C ->max (3) Kl Trong do: K va rj - he so ton that va lam ban ciia phuong an thii i, %>; G i - gia k h a i thac t a n q u a n g theo p h u o n g an t h i i i , V N D / t ; G j - g i a b a n t a n quang theo p h u o n g an t h i i i , V N D / t : mi K G,=G +5(a,-a )G ,VND7t 0 (4) Voi G - gia ban tan quang co ham lugng P la 33 %, VND/t; a - ham lugng P thuc t l quang k h a i thac, %>; a 0 - ham luong P t r o n g quang bdng 33 % , % ; - he so tang va g i a m ciia gia ban tan quang t u o n g i m g v o i su thay d l i ciia h a m l u o n g P quang khai thac D o i v o i n h u n g v i a d o n gian va phiic tap, he s i t o n that ( K ) v a he s i l a m ban (r) dugc xac d i n h theo cac b i e u thiic sau: m 165 Hpi Cong nghi khoa nghiep md hoc kT thudt tien tien vi su phdt + 100 m K , + ( l + n)bK r = 100 , A S K d K , % ciia via quang, m ; S va S q % (8) q - chieu day cac l o p kep, m ; m - c h i l u day - cac k h u vuc quang va mat cat dia chat ciia k h u virc khai thac, - chieu r o n g ciia k h u virc t r o n g mat cat dia chat, m ; h - c h i l u cao tdng, K K (7) T r o n g do: n - so l o p kep can tach rieng; m ; K i = y /X , virng (6) m - ( l + n)t K h, m ; L bin (5) r = K V 2010 % m = L triin ti - m K =^.100 m g K quoc % m S md K V K = y / y ; YK va y - the trqng ciia cac l o p kep va ciia ddt da thai, t / m ; y d q d q the quang, t / m ; k(X , Xd) - he so anh h u o n g b d i m i i c p h i i c tap va cdu tnic dia chdt ciia via, duoc xac d i n h n h u sau: p q i=l (9) 1=1 V d i L j - t o n g chieu dai tiep xiic ciia v i a quang v d i dat da t r o n g g i d i han mat cdt thir K i , m ; co d) - chieu day l d p quang b i lan vao dat da (hoac c h i l u day ciia ddt da lan vao q( quang) t r o n g qua t r i n h x i i c , co = a> = 10+20 c m ; S i - dien t i c h v i m g k h a i thac mat cat dia chat t h i i i , m ; P - so mat cat k h u virc khai thac m o ; t va b - c h i l u day t i n that va lam ngheo t u o n g d u o n g , m q d K 2.2 Lira chon cdc so cdng nghf khai thdc chon lpc Cac so cong nghe k h a i thac chon loc sau co the d u o c ap d u n g cho cac v i a quang don gian: a So xuc lan quang va ddt dd ( H i n h 1): i l l Ton that quang Quang loai UJ lan vol quang loai I Hinh 1- So cdng nghe xuc ldn quang 166 vd ddt dd 2010 khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc te vung md tien tiin vi su phdt trien ben Hoi nghi Cdng nghiep T r o n g sa dd nay, may xuc tay gau K T - A d u a c d u n g de xuc tir v a c h sang t r u via V i quy dao xuc cua may xuc k h o n g l i n h hoat nen h i n h t a m giac t o n that va tam giac l a m bin a p h i a vach va t r u via K h o i l u g n g t o n that va l a m ban p h u thuoc c h i i yeu vao gia t r i x (x = + h v d i h la chieu cao tang) Sa d l ap d u n g co h i e u qua d o i v d i n h u n g v i a co goc c a m y > + ° va chieu day l d n h o n 10+12 m b So xuc song song vdi vach va tru via ( H i n h 2): a) b) = h (h +h' ) h = h (h + h' ) c / M i / / / / / / V— ^ ^ % A~ / c c c c c A— / / y —J Hinh 2- So cdng nghe xuc song song vdi vach vd tru via T r o n g sa nay, sir d u n g may xiic thuy luc gau n g u g c hoac ket hgp may xiic t h i i y luc gau ngugc v d i may xiic tay gau de xiic chon loc cac v i a quang theo dieu k i e n sau: h > h hoac c (10) h + h' > h c c T r o n g h - chieu cao xiic chon loc ciia may xiic t h u y lire gau n g u g c k h i xiic d u d i c miic may d u n g , m ; h ' - chieu cao xiic chon loc ciia may xiic tay gau k h i xiic tren m i i c may c dung, m Co p h u o n g phap xiic co the ap dung sa n h u sau: + P h u o n g phap xiic k h o n g c h i u ton that chi c h i u l a m ban ( H i n h 2a); + P h u a n g phap xiic c h i u t o n that d vach v i a va l a m ban d t r u v i a ( H i n h 2b) K h i sir dung p h u a n g phap xiic k h o n g c h i u t o n that, c h i e u day cho phep ciia quang loai I I I lan vao quang loai I qua t r i n h khai thac d t r u v i a (a) d u g c xac d i n h n h u sau: a = Hoac a = r m 2(1-O y m (H) q U I y ,m(g, - a') q Y i n [ « ' - ( a i i v + «,„,)] (IT) m q T r o n g do: r - t y le l a m ban cho phep, xac d i n h theo b i l u thirc ( ) ; m - c h i l u day thuc ciia v i a quang, m ; y i va Y „ - the ciia quang loai I va loai I I I , t / m ; a, - ham q ql 167 lugng Hdi nghi Cdng P a 1Ilt khoa nghiep hoc kT thudt md tien tien vi su phdt quang l o a i I , % ; a ' - h a m l u o n g P - ham luong P md qudc ti triin -2010 bin virng quang hang hoa (33 ± 1%), % ; a IIlv , t r o n g quang loai I I I v a c h v a t r y v i a , % G i a t r i ciia a p h u thuoc vao g i a t r i ciia r v a m V o i m o i g i a t r i xac d i n h ciia r , a c h i 0 p h u thuoc vao m K h i c h i e u day thuc cua v i a quang bang v o i chieu day x i i c r i e n g cho phep ciia thiet b i xiic boc sir d u n g , t h i chieu day t o i thieu ciia v i a quang cho phep x i i c k h o n g chiu ton t M t v o i gia t r i r xac d i n h , co the xac d i n h theo b i e u t h i i c sau: m>^^>,m (12) r o u - ^ ^•Y iii[2ct -(aii +am )] , Hoac m > — Yql l q lv m no , m Y i(«,-a') (12) q Trong do: co - chieu day xiic rieng cho phep ciia thiet bi xiic boc sir dung, m; r - ty le l a m ban c h o phep; y v a y q l qIII - the t r o n g ciia quang l o a i I v a l o a i I I I , t / m T r i n h t u thiet ke m o t r u o n g h o p n h u sau: c h i e u day t o i thieu ciia v i a quang cho phep xiic k h o n g c h i u t o n that duoc xac d i n h bang b i e u thirc (12) N e u chieu day thuc te ciia v i a quang m ' > m , t h i chieu day cho phep (a) ciia v i a quang l o a i I I I b i l a n vao loai I duoc xac d i n h theo b i e u thiic (11) P h u o n g phap x i i c c h i u t o n that vach v i a v a c h i u l a m b a n t r u v i a ( H i n h b ) duoc ap dung co hieu qua k h i m ' < m T r o n g t r u d n g h o p nay, c h i e u d a y (a) cua quang loai I I I duoc phep lan vao quang loai I , t i n h theo cong thiic d u d i day: r (m-co)Y qI a =— — - , m (l-r )Y m TT - Tqi (m-co)(a,-a') Hoac a =- ^ Y ,u q (13) q ^ (a'-a L I I I t ) , m (13') Trong do: r - ty le lam ban cho phep; m - chieu day thuc ciia via quang, m; co chieu day xiic r i e n g cho phep ciia thiet b i x i i c boc sir d u n g , m ; y quang loai I v a l o a i I I I , t / m v a Yqm - the t r o n g cua q l K h i c h i e u d a y (a) ciia q u a n g l o a i I I I c h o p h e p l a n v a o q u a n g l o a i I b a n g chieu day xiic rieng cho phep (co) ciia thiet b i xiic boc sir dung, t h i co t h e x a c d i n h d u o c c h i e u day t o i t h i e u ciia v i a q u a n g c h o phep c h i u t o n that d v a c h v a l a m b a n d t r u n h u sau: m>^^^ co, m (14) + r Hoac m ^ B o Y ql ' ^ (a,-a')Y , a T B , m (14') q T r o n g d o : co - c h i l u day x i i c rieng cho phep ciia thiet b i x u c boc sir d u n g , m ; r - t y le lam ban cho phep; y v a Y „ - t h i t r o n g ciia quang l o a i I v a l o a i I I I , t / m q I qI 168 Hpi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep md hoc tien kT thudt tiin md qudc vi su phdt te - trien ben 2010 vung Trong t r u a n g hap nay, ty le ton that quang loai I ctugc xac dinh theo bieu thuc d u a i day: K =^^ = -100,% (15) m m m V a i n = 0, t = co T r o n g do: n - so l a p kep can tach rieng; m - chieu day thuc ciia v i a quang, m ; t c h i l u day ton that r u o n g d u o n g , m ; co - chieu day x i i c rieng cho phep ciia thiet b i xiic boc sir dung, m D o i v o i cac v i a quang co cau tao phiic tap, t h i viec k h a i thac c h o n loc d u g c thuc hien hoan toan bang may x i i c t h u y lure gau n g u g c v o i chieu cao g u o n g xiic bang m va chieu rong luong xiic thay d o i t u y thuoc vao tirng dieu k i e n c u the ( H i n h ) Ltq Hinh 3: Trinh tu khai thdc chon loc cua may xuc thuy luc gau nguqc doi voi nhung phirc tap (1, 2, , - trinh tuxuc cua may xuc thuy luc gau nguqc) via Trinh tir cho viec thiet ke mo truong hop dugc thuc hien nhu sau: dua tren trinh t u xiic va sir tiep xiic g i u a quang loai I va loai I I I , g i u a quang l o a i I va dat da, tien hanh chieu dai tiep xiic g i u a dat da va quang ( L K q ) va giira cac l o a i quang I va I I I ( L d ) Viec cung d u g c t h u c h i e n cho cac mat cat ngang gan de xac d i n h he so K anh huong b o i m i i c p h i i c tap va cau t n i c dia chat ciia v i a (Xq, Xd) theo b i e u thiic (9) Sau do, xac dinh dugc ty le t o n that va l a m ban quang theo cac b i e u t h i i c ( ) , (8) va h i e u qua ciia phuong an khai thac c h o n loc theo b i e u thiic (3) 2.3 Trung hda quang D o i v a i nhirng v i a quang co chat l u o n g thay d o i I o n doc theo t u y e n k h a i thac, viec trung hoa quang d u g c thuc h i e n b o i may chat tai va to Q u a n g giau va quang ngheo d u g c chat cho to cho h a m l u g n g t r u n g b i n h ciia P2O5 t r o n g t h i i n g xe sau k h i t r u n g hoa dat 33 ± % Viec tinh toan trung hoa quang nhu sau: truoc tien phai lira chon may chat tai va to phii hop, tiep t i n h so l u g n g gau xiic N chat cho m o t to S6 gau xiic cac loai quang khac d u g c chat len to k h i t i l n hanh t r u n g hoa t i n h nhu sau: 169 Hoi nghi Cong khoa nghiep hoc md tien N.a'=Ni.ai + N a kT thudt tien vi su phdt ti triin bin 2010 virng (16) T r o n g do: a' - h a m l u o n g P quang ngheo v o i h a m l u o n g la a i ; N 2 quang hang hoa (33 ± 1%), % ; N i - so gau xiic - so gau xiic quang giau v o i h a m l u o n g la a Gia t r i N a ' la k h o n g d o i N e u biet a i , a t r u o n g hop su khac biet g i u a on va a hop nguoc l a i , N md qudc 2 va N i , t h i se xac d i n h d u o c N Trong la k h o n g dang ke, N i d u o c c h o n la T r o n g truong d u o c c h o n la 2, K e t l u a n T r o n g dieu k i e n c u the ciia m o apatit Lao C a i , cac so c o n g nghe k h a i thac chon loc d u o i day co the ap dung h i e u qua cho m o : - D o i v o i n h u n g v i a d o n gian n h u n g k h o n g thoa m a n cac d i e u k i e n da neu tren, nen sir dung so xiic song song v o i vach v a t r u v i a c h i bang m a y x u c t h i i y l u c gau nguoc chieu cao g u o n g xiic la m v a co the ket hop v o i may x i i c tay gau k h i chieu cao guong xiic la 10 m Dac biet, d o i v o i n h u n g v i a m o n g , day 1+2 m , n e n sir d u n g p h u o n g phap xuc chiu ton that vach v i a v a c h i u l a m ban t r u via - D o i v o i n h u n g v i a d o n gian, co goc doc + ° va c h i e u day I o n h o n 10+12 m, thi so xuc ldn ca dat da va quang bang m a y xiic tay gau la h o p l y nhat - D o i v o i cac v i a quang p h i i c tap, so xiic chon loc hoan toan bang may xiic thuy luc gau nguoc v o i t r i n h t u xiic va chieu r o n g l u o n g xiic p h i i h o p v o i tirng d i e u k i e n cu the ciia m o la hop l y nhat Cac so cong nghe k h a i thac c h o n loc tren da d u o c ap d u n g co h i e u qua cho via mo apatit Lao Cai t r o n g nhirng n a m gan day N g h i e n c i i u la m o t tai l i e u t h a m khao bo ich cho nhirng m o quang khac co dieu k i e n t u o n g t u Tdi lieu tham khdo [ ] Bao cao t o n g ket de tai "Nghien dieu kien dia chdt phuc Cai giai doan tap vd via mong 2000-20W\ cuu cdng nghe khai thdc va thiet bi phu hop vdi vdi muc dich tdng he so thu hoi cho md apatit Lao B o m o n K h a i thac 16 t h i e n , T r u a n g D a i hoc M - Dia chat, H a N o i , V i e t N a m [ ] T r a n M a n h X u a n , B u i X u a n N a m , L e T h i T h u H o a ( 0 ) Research selective mining technology for extracting the ore of type I at the Laocai on apatite suitable mine Proceedings o f the International Conference o n Advances i n M i n i n g and T u n n e l i n g Hanoi, August - , 2008 P u b l i s h i n g House f o r Science and T e c h n o l o g y P 133-140 170 ... la 14 .4% t r o n g n a m 19 93 va I o n nhat la 41. 44 % n a m 19 89 C h i n h v i vay, viec n g h i e n c u u cac so c o n g nghe p h i i h o p cho viec khai thac c h o n loc tai v i a cua m o apatit. .. 2.2 Lira chon cdc so cdng nghf khai thdc chon lpc Cac so cong nghe k h a i thac chon loc sau co the d u o c ap d u n g cho cac v i a quang don gian: a So xuc lan quang va ddt dd ( H i n h 1) : i... kien dia chdt phuc Cai giai doan tap vd via mong 2000-20W\ cuu cdng nghe khai thdc va thiet bi phu hop vdi vdi muc dich tdng he so thu hoi cho md apatit Lao B o m o n K h a i thac 16 t h i e n ,