I;; !'''' JJJIJ)j KCHIlN con, OIIG DDNG IHUVtl H I N I I I M l DIV HOC m DE INDA nUll d TRirdNG CAO DANG CONG DONG HA NOI IRAN DOAN VINH'''' LY DiJC HUNG" Ngay nhpn bai 27/09/2016; ngay s&a chua 03/10/2016;[.]
I;; :!'.JJJIJ)j KCHIlN con, OIIG DDNG IHUVtl HIN I I I M l DIV HOC m DE INDA nU d TRirdNG CAO DANG CONG DONG HA NOI IRAN DOAN VINH' - LY DiJC HUNG" Ngay nhpn bai: 27/09/2016; s&a chua: 03/10/2016; duyit ddng: 17/10/2016 Abstract: Constnictiuism is a theory, based on obsewatton and scientific study, about how people learn It says that studenls consbrucl Iheir own understanding and knowledge of the world, through expenenclng things and reflecting on those experiences When leamers encounter something new they haue lo reconcile ll with their previous experience, maybe changing what they believe This theor raises Ihe posillue and proactive role of leamers tn Ihe process of learning to cultivate knowledge It says the perception is the process of adapting and reorganizing the students own worid view Keywords: Tectonic theory, subject algorithm, teaching method Radical constructivism Social constructivism T huc tfin tgi Tiudng Cao ding Cpng dong Ha Npi cho ttia'y, viee day hpc vin ning v l tmyln ttiu kifih thflc ttiu dpng, da so sinh vifin (SV) gip khd khin hpc ehu de ttiuat toin mdn Ci'utiucddiiiu vi Giaitiiuit, diy la mdt npi dung khd doi vdi SV mdi ttfi'p can vdi mdn hpc naiy Ca'u ttdcddliuviGiaitiiuitiamonhqccasatiuocchuyen nganh cdng nghfittidngttn,dupc hpc vio nam ttifl hai, nguoiihpc died kifihttiflcCO ban ve lap frinh nfin vific nang cao kTnang lapfrinhla ra'tquan trpng, giup t eye bdi chu thlnhinttiufcehukhong phaitt^ttiumfit eachttiudpng h>bfin ngoii Trong quittinhhpe tip, CO nhung kiehttiuchoan toan mdi Ig, nhung cCrig ednhung kiln thflc SV da bilt, d i gapttongcufic sing hing ngiy Tuy nhifin, nhflng hifin h/png chimang finh chait "kinh nghipm" m i khong rd ca sa khoa hpc Khi dupc hoc ve kifihttiuclifin quan din nhflng hi$n Wpng dd trongttudnghpc, SV se hifi'u ro han v itt/dieuchinh lai, khing dinh nhung "kinh nghifim"frudc lidung hay bie bo nhung gj minh da hilu sai Tfldd, SV sexay ngudihpc edttifi'tt/hpc, phif trien tuduygiai thuat Bai dung lai kiln thflc, tochuc lgi filgkii quan cho ban ttian viltdleip vific nghifin cflu,flngdungttiuyefkiin tgo phil hpp vdi thuc f l khach quan vio dgy hpc chu d lttiuattoin nhim gdp phan nang Trong dgy hpe, hogtddng kifih tgo dupc ehia ttiinh cao chat lupng dgy va hpc eho SV Tnrdng Cao ding hai logi: Cpng dong H i Npi / / / Kien tao cabin (Radicalconstiuctiv'smjia Thuyet kieh tao va md hinh day hoc theo li fhuyfi't ve nhin ttiflc nhim mifiu fa cich ttiflc ci quan diem kieh tao nhan xay dung frittiflccho ban thin trang qui frinh 1.1 Thuyit Itli'n tao Theo Bal tir die'n tiehg hpc tap M at khac, m uc dich qui frinh nhin thflc cua V(et, kidnteola xay dung [1 ;fr845] Nhuvay, dfing tt>SV li qua frinh tii tao lgi trittiflceua nhintogiva dupc "kifin tgo" ehi hogt dfing cua ngudi tic ddng Ifin sang lpc cho phu hpp vdi hjfng do'i tupng Tri ttiflc mpf doi h/png, mpf hifintt/png,mfit quan hfi nhim khongduoc thu nhan mpt each biddngmido chinh muc dieh bifih chung va sudung chung nhu nhflng chu the fich cue xiy dung nen cfing cu ki hieu de tgo nfin eic do'i h/png, cic hifin _ Kifih tao ea ban vin cd mat mgnh v i yfi'u cua nd h/png, eic quan he mdi ttieo nhu cau cua ban ttian Mat mgnh la nd da chi cich ttiflc ngudi hpc xay Trongttiuctl, m uon xay dung nen mdt doJ h/png dung nen tri thflc cho banttian,trong qui trinh hpc nao dd, ttudc hit fa phai ed md hinh hogc ytt/dngcua tip, dd chinh ngudi hpe trdttiinh ngudi sdhflu tri doitt/pngdd Vidu, khimuoh xiy nen mfifngdinha ttii ttiflc Tuy nhifin, difi'm yfi'u cua kifih tgo caban li nfi'u ttudc hfitchungfa phaiedbanttii^klhoaemfi hinh ttil coifrpng quimflc kilh tao caban, ngudi hpc sebjdit hifin ytt/dngde kifih tao nfin ngdi nhi dd Trong dgy hpc,ttittiucdupc giang vien (G V) tfiill kfi', hudng din, dinh hudng, to chflc de SV ki«i tao nfin mptcich fich 'TnHiiiigil^ibvcSirpMNaNti " Tnr«n{ Cao tine C^ng KiOT nghifim - ^ (That bai) ^ T h i c h nghi (dieu chinh) ^ T r i t t i u c mdl _ 12.4 r/)a/6a/1a khdng dgtdupc kfi'tqua, bi hdng viec [1;fr1484] Trong hpc tip ndi ehung vattongvific hpc Tin hpc ndirieng,khi SV kifi'm nghifim nfi'u ttii'y khdng ttiinh cdng tfii dy doin ttudc dd ciia hp coi nhuttiait bgi Do dd, SV laitilfjttjcdua dudoin mdi 12.1 Tfitiiuc died, kinh nghiim cua S V Theo eho dfin khittianhcdng ttii dflng lgi Quy'frinh kifi'm ;w Bgi tudien tiehg Viet, tottt/c la nhflng dilu hifi'u nghifim din denttiaifbgi hay ttiinh edng tnrde nhung bifit cd hfi ttifihg v l sy vit ndi ehung [1; fr 1648] tinh huong cho ttudc ciia SV ttiudng di ttieo isiitolEt Kinh nghiim la dilu hifi'u bifi't ed ttil ap dung hflu dudng Orixttc {phuang phip dimttioaiOrixtfc - vih nlUijllKB hifiu cho cudc sdhg, cd duae nhdsuttfi'p xiie hmg dip tim tdi) dd, S Vttiychifin vificttiusai v i chpn tivaliigr frai vd;itfiyct l [1; tr 853] Cd the ndi, kinh nghifim phuang in dung, toi uu, dudng Algorit eua orixtfc 'tiniui^ cdtfifidflng, cd tfie chua chac dung, vfih fri thflc l i vific h/ lap chuangfrinheho hoaf dfing nhin ttiuc kmh nghifim cua moi ngudi la hoin loan khac nhau, A^orit ciia orixttc ttieo Nguyin Ba ln_tai= 0; ttong C Bfi cai dgt ttiii hJc niy, phai cuttiehoi din w=dinh dautiinttongMau_moi; nhflng m^enh de bangttaigViet dfren cho dai mfii While w != NULLf menh de h/angflngvdi mdt doan mattifchhpp ciia If ton tai canh ndi vviw tmng G ngfin ngfllipfrinhC ton_lai= 1; Budc2:Ta xem xet lenh If d fren Be kie'm tta w= dinhtiqjtiieotiongMau_moi; xem dinh vcd nd'i tdi mdf dinh nao dd frong tip Neweirhay khdng, ta xem xet hJug dinh wfrong lfton_tai==1 Newclrva sudung ttij Sde kie'm fra xem ed ton ( tai cinh nfi'i vvi iv khdng De luu giu kfi't qua kifi'm To miu mdi cha dinh v; Bua v fra, ta sudung mfit bifih found Khi dd, thu hic dupc via tapMau_moi: finh chinh nhusau: } void Tham_an(GRAPH: G SET: Newcir) V=dinh chua td miu tii'p tiieo tiong G; iittound; } Newelr=Tap ring; For moi dinh v duac td miutiiudcG Nhu vgy, tatfiaycic phif bieiifrongttiiihJC d i kha cuttifi { 22 Gkii doan 3: Trinh bay giai phip found=0; For mil dinh wtiiudcNewcti vok)tt3li/lau(kita[100][100], intn, Int&solVlau) { /"< Ham dung to mau ' ^ */ itcd canh na vvawtiongG inti=1; found=1; tiHsoDiihDaTo = 0; ifbund==0; soMau=1; ( Dinh di'u v dugc to mau; whiie(soDkihDaTo