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nv ^ B A O TAP Bd i DLfONG C A N B 6 THl/C HIEN NGUYEN TAC THONG NHAT GIUfALY LUAN VA THI/C TIEN TRONG GIANG DAY LYLUAN CHfNH TRI • TS NGUYEN TRONG TU" Truang Chinh tri Trdn Phu, Hd Tinh Trong sudt cu[.]
nv ^ B A O T A P - B d i DLfONG C A N B THl/C HIEN NGUYEN TAC THONG NHAT GIUfALY LUAN VA THI/C TIEN TRONG GIANG DAY LYLUAN CHfNH TRI • TS NGUYEN TRONG TU" Truang Chinh tri Trdn Phu, Hd Tinh T rong sudt cudc ddi hogt ddng cdch mang, Chu tich Hd CM Minh ludn ludn qudn trifit nguyfin tdc thdng nhdt giiia ly ludn vdi thyc tign, coi ddy la nguyen tdc can ban cfia chfi ngMa Mac - Lemn; la mdt bien phdp CO bdn de ngan ngira, khdc phuc bfinh kinh ngMfim vd bfinh gido digu Ngudi nhan manh la; "Thdng nhat giiia ly luan va thuc tign Id mdt nguyen tdc can ban cfia chfi ngMa Mac - Lfinin Thyc tign khdng cd ly ludn hudng ddn tM thdnh thyc tign mu qudng Ly luan ma khdng cd Ufin he vdi thyc tifin Id li? ludn sudng"'" Quan ttifit chfi nghia vat bifin chiing, Hd CM Mmh cho rdng: "Lyluan Id sy tdng kfit nhiing kmh ngjiifim cfia lodi ngudi, la tdng hgp nhiing tri thtic vg ty nMen vd xa hdi tich tru lgi ttong qua trmh lich sfi:"'^' Ngudi dan ldi cfia Xtalin khdng dinh ly ludn cfia chfi ngMa Mdc - Lfinin la "Khoa hgc vg cdc quy ludt phdt trign cfia ty nMfin vd xa hdi; khoa hgc ve each mang cua qudn chfing bi dp bfic va hi bdc lot; khoa hgc vg thdng lgi cua chfi ngMa xd hdi LfLUAN CHfNH TRt-So10/2015 d tat ca cdc nudc; khoa hgc vg xay dyng chu ngMa cdng sdn"'^' Trong tdc phdm S&a ddi lii lam viec, Ngirdi neu cy thg: "Ly lugn Id dem thuc te'ttong lich su, ttong kinh ngMgm, ttoi^ cdc cudc ddu ttanh, xem xdt, so sanh that ky luang rd rang, ldm kgt luan Rdi Igi dem nd chiing minh vdi thyc td" '''I Theo Hd CM Minh, "Chfi ngMa xd hdi chi co the xdy dung dugc vdi sy giac ngd ddy dfi va lao ddng sang tao cfia hang chyc trifiu ngudi Mudn thg phdi ndng cao trinh ly lugn chung cua Ddng, phdi td chiic hgc tap ly lugn ttong Ddng, trudc hgt Id ttong nhiing cdn bd cdt cdn cua Dang"'^ Ngudi da dan ldi cfia Lenm; "Khdng co ly luan each mgng tM khdng cd phong ttdo each mang" vd "cM cd mdt ddng cd ly ludn ti^n phong hudng dan tM mdi cd thg Iam ttdn dugc vai ttd cMgn si tien phong" '^' Do vay, sau "Xem kinh ngMem cfia cdc dang anh em, thi chung ta cdng thdy sy hue tMgt, sy quan ttgng cfia viec td chtic hgc tgp lyluan cho Dang, trudc hgt la cho cac cdn bd cdt can cua Dang" '^ Ve vai ttd cfia ly luan ddi vdi tiiuc tien, Hd Chi Mmh cho rdng; "Ly ludn nhu cdi kim cM nam, nd cM phuong hirdng cho chfing ta ttong cdng m vific thyc tg Khdng co 1;^ luan tM Ifing tfing nhu Nhtrng ngudi cdng sdn cac nudc phdi cu the hda nhdm mdt mddi"*'; "Ldm md khdng cd lyluan chfi ngMa Mac - Lenin cho tMch hgp vdi difi'u tM khdng khac ^ di md ttong dfim tdi, vira kifin hoan cdnh timg luc vd timg noi""^' Ngudi cham chap vira hay vdp vap"'^'; "khdng cd ly cung cM rd muc dich cua hpc tap ly luan; "Ly Man tM cung nhu mpt mdt sdng, mgt mdt lugn cdt dg dp dung vao cdng viec thyc tg Ly md"'"' Ngudi canh bao, "kem vg ly lugn, Man ma khdng dp dyng vao thyc tg la ly luan hoac khmh ly ludn, hodc ly ludn sudng" cho nen sudng Du xem dupc hang ngan hang vgn nMeu can bg, dang vien cfia ta mdc phdi benh quygn ly ludn, ndu khdng bidt dem thyc chfi quan Ciing kem Iy luan md can bO "gap hanh, tM khdc nao mdt cai hdm dtmg sach""^' mgi viec khdng bigt xem xet cho rd, can nhdc Bdi vdy, "cM hgc thudc ldng, dg dem lde tMfin cho dfing, xfi tti cho kheo Khdng bigt nhdn rd tM ly ludn dy ciing vd ich" vd nhiing ngirdi dieu kien hoan cdnh khdch quan, y mmh ngM "xem nMgu sdch dg mdlde, de ldm ta ddy" dd tiig ndo ldmtiigdy Kgt qud thudng that bai"'"' khdng phai la nhiing ngudi "biet ly ludn", md Trong thuctigneach mang, cd nhimg can bd "cdn phdi stic thyc hanh mdi ngudi dangvifin "lam dugc vific", "cd kinh ngMfim" vd bidt lyluan""^ Ngudi yeu cdu "Mdi cdnbg, mdi theo Hd CM Minh "nhiing anh em dd rdt quy cho dang vien phai hpc lyluan, phai dem ly luan ap Dang" "Nhitng hg lai mdc phai cai bfinh khinh dung vao cdng viec thuc ti Phai chiia cdi bfinh lyluan Hg qufin rdng: ngu hg da cd kmh ngMfim kem ly luan, khinh ly luan va ly luan sudng""^' ma lai bigt thfim ly ludn tM cdng vific tdt hon Chfi tich Hd CM Minh cho rdng, "KM hgc tap nMgu Hg qufin rdng; kinh i^fim cfia hg tdt, lyluan tM nhdm myc dich hgc dg van dung chu nhung ciing chdng qua la tiing bd phdn ma thdi, khdng phai hgc ly Man vi ly luan, hodc vi tao cM tMen ve mdt mdt md thdi"'^' Ddi vdi nhiing cho mmh mdt cai vdn Iy luan dg sau ndy dua can bd dd, "cdn phdi ngMgn cuu thfim ly ludn, mac cd vdi Ddng Tat ca nhiing ddng ca hgc tap mdi thdnh ngudi cdn bd hodn toan" khdng dung ddn deu phai tay trii cho sach""^' Nhdn mgnh vai ttd cua ly Man, ChfitichHd Theo Hd CM Mmh, de thyc Men nguygn tdc CM Muih ddc bifit quan tdm cdng tdc gido dye, ly luan thong nhdt vdi thuctignvd hgc tap ly hgc tap ly ludn Ngirdi cW ddn, "ngu cdch hgc ludn thyc su mang lai Meu qua Id "cai tgo tu tap ly luan khdng dfing tM sg khdng cd kgt tirdng, tdng cirdng dang tinh", tM "can phai cd qua" Do dd, "ttong luc hpc tap ly ludn, chfing thai hgc tap cho dfing" Trong qud trinh hgc ta cdn nhdn manh: lylu$n phai lien he vdi thuc tap ly luan, phai thyc sy kMfim tdn, "cai ^ bigt fg'"(X3) "Ly Man ma khdng hgn he vdi thyc tifintM ndi bigt, khdng bigt tM ndi khdng bigt Kieu Idly lugn sudng"'"' ngao, ty phu, tu man Id ke thu sd mdt cfia hgc Hd CM Minh nhdc nhd "nMgu ldn ddng cM tap" Hd CM Minh nhdc nhdphai "nfiu cao tinh Lemn nhdc di nhdc lai rdng ly ludn cdch mang than chiu khd, cd gdng, khdng Ifii budc trudc khdng phai la gido difi'u, nd la kim cM nam cho bdt ky khd khan ndottongvific hgc tap Trong hanh ddng each mgng; vd ly l u ^ khdng phdi Id kM hgc ly luan, phai "nfiu cao tdc phong ddc mdt cdi ^ aing nhdc, nd day tinh chat sang tao; lap suy ngM vd tu tu tirdng"; "phai ddo sdu ly ludn ludn ludn can dupc bd sung bdng nhiing Mgu ky, khdngtinmdt each mu quang tiing cdu ket ludn mdi nit tuttongthuctifinsinh ddng mgt ttong sdch, cd vdn de chua thdng sudt tM LfLUANCHfNHTR!-S6lO/2015 ^ P A P TAP - BPI Dl/CfNG C A N B mgnh dan dg va thao lugn cho vd le Ddi vdi nghifin cuu dudng ldi, chu truong cfia Ddng, bat cfi vdn de ^ deu phdi dat cau hdi "vi sao?", chinh sdch phdp luat cfia Nha nudc cdn bdc 10 dgu phdi suy ngM ky cang xem nd cd hpp vdi nhieu bat cgp, tMeu kip thoi, thudng xuyfin thyc te khdng, cd that la dfing ly khdng, myfit Nhiing ban che neuttfindnh hudng rdt Idn dfin ddi khdng nfin nhdm mdt tudn theo sdch vd chat lugng, Meu qua cdng tdc gidng day Day mdt cdch xudi cMgu"'^' thyc sy dang la yeu cdu cap tMgt va Id "m$nh Trong nhung nam qua, he tbdng cac tnrdng lenh" ddi vdi nhirng ngirdi lam cdng tdc giang Dang dd cd nMeu cd gdng vuon Ifin hoan day ly ludn; ddi hdi giang vien gidng day ly Man nMfim vu ddo tgo, bdi dirong dpi ngu can bd phdi tich eye, ty gidc, khdng ngiing iam gidu cdc cap Ndi dung va phuang phdp ddo tao, bdi vdn tri thuc ly Man cfia minh nhdm ddp ting dirdngtiingbudc dugc ddi mdi; ddi ngu giang cang tdt hon yeu cdu nMfim vuttongiinh vifin dugc tang cudng ca ve sd Iugng va chdt hinh mdi Thyc Men Idi dgy cfig Chfi tich H6 lugng; ca so vdt chat tilng budc dugc dau tu CM Minh ddi vdi nhiing ngudi lam cdng tac ndng cdp; chat lugng ddo tao, bdi duang dupc hudn luyfin la phai "thao nghg nghidp", va nang Ifin ro rfit "Ngudd hudn luygn phdi hgc thfim mdi tM mdi Tuy nhign, so vdi ygu cdu, nMfim vu dugc lam dupc cdng vific hudn luyfin cfia minh" giao, cdng tac dao tao, bdi dudng cdn bg cfia Thuhai, hu&ng lylu$n vao viec ly gai, lam nhd trudng cdn mdt sd mat han chg, bdt cap sing to nhiing vin di thuc ti§n Ndi dimg, chirong trinh dao tao, bdi dudng cdn Trong giang day, kign thiic ly Man md giang ndng ve Iy Man, phuang phap giang day chdm vien truyen thu phai hudng manh vdo vific ly dugc ddi mdi; mgt bd phdn cdn bg, giang vifin giai va Iam sang td nhiing vdn dg cfia thuc tign, cdn tMgu kinh ngMem thuctign,chua thuc sy nhat la nhiing vdn dg mdi, nhiing bfitc xfic mk say mfi ngMen cfiu ddi mdi ndi dung, phuang thyctifincudc sdng vd ngudi hgc dang ddt ra, phdp gidng dgy; chdt lugng Mfiu qua cdng tac cung cap cho ngirdi hgc nhiing thdng tin mdi, ngMen cuu khoa hpc, tdng ket thyctignphyc nhiing kien thfic thudc linh vuc ma hg dang vu gidng dgy va hpc tap cdn nMfi'u hgn chg thigu, dang can Trong gido due Iy Man chinh Dg ndng cao chdt lugng, Meu qua cdng tdc tri, khdng dugc nettdnh,hodc phdntich,lygiai giang dgy Iy ludnttongtinh Mnh mdi, dpi ngu mdt each qua loa, thigu tinh thuygt phuc can bd, gidng vign hfi thdng trudng Ddng can nhiing vdn de biic xuc dang ddt rattongtiiuc thyc Men tdt mdt sd nMfim vu chu yeu nhu sau: tg Do vay, ngudi lam cdng tdc gidng dgy ly luan Thli nhit, phai siic hoc tip, nang cao trinhphdi ngMgn cfiutimtdi, khdng ngung ldm gidu dQ lyluan, "tunguydn, tugic, xem cdng tic vdn tri thiic cfia minh dg cd nang lyc tu duy, hoc tip cungli mot nhidm vu mi ngu&i can bdtrinh ly ludn sdc ben, cd thdng tm kip tiidi, each mangphaihoan dio dupc", khic cMnh xde tu thyctifin,dg phdntich,iy giai mgt phuc "benh kem lyluan, khhih lyluan" cdch khoa hpc, qua dd, gido due, tao mgm tin Hifin nay, mdt bd phgn giang vifin cdn bdc khoa hpc cho ngudi hpc, tao sy thdng nhdt cao id nhiing yeu kfim vg ly Man; nhan thuc ve chfi vg tu tudng, ddng thdi, gdp phdn tgo sy ddng ngMa Mdc - Lgnm, tu tudng Hd CM Minh chua tiiuan xa hdittudcnhung van dg ma thuc tign sdu sdc, cd mat cdn han chg; vigc hgc tap cudc sdng dang ddt Lf LUAN CHfNH TR!-So10/2015 m Thli ba, thudng xuyen tun hiiu, nghidn cuu tiep thu, ngMfin cfiu de tdng kgt, bd sung vao bdi cap nhat, "lim m&i"kien thiiclyluin gidng Do dd, gjdng vien can ttanh thfi ngMfin Nhiing sdn pham ly luan tir kM ddi ciiu thyc tg, cdc md hinh, dien Mnhttfincdc lmh da hoc Id nhiing bat cdp va dd "tut hdu" vyc cfia ddi sdng xa hdi; cac dia phuong, don vi nhiing muc dd khdc so vdi sy vdn ddng cd nhiing dign hinh tdt, each lam hay, nhiing cfia thyctidn.Ddi tugng hpc tdp, bdi dirdng !y "diem mdi" can dugc kip thai ngMfin cfiu, tong lugn cMnh tri Men chfi ygu la cdn bp, dang kgt Cdn chfi dOng tim Meu,ticheye tham gia vifin - nhiing ngudi da dugc hgc va da cd vdn cac dg tai ngMen ciiu khoa hgc, tdng kgt thuc kien thuc, ttinh dd ly Man d nhiing miic tign, tham gia vigt bdi va dy cac chuyfin dg, hdi khdc Thirc te dang ddt cho nhiing thao, dign ddn dg mdt mat ren luyfin, ndng cao ngudi ldm cdng tdc giang dgy ly luan chinh tri nang lyc ngMen cfiu ly ludn, mat khdc cd digu phdi khdng ngung nd lyc hgc tap, ngMfin ciiu kien tigp thu kip thdi kien thiic, kinh ngMfim de khdng cM cd vdn tri thtic vira r0ng, viia sau thyctignttfincdc luih vuc ma cdn phai dap iing yeu cdu "mdi" so vdi thuc Thunam, ting cwng doi m&i phuong phap tign va nhu cdu, nguyen vgng cfia hgc vien gingdayly!u$n theo huong liy ngudi hoc lam Theo dd, cac giang vifin phdi thudng xuyfin trung tim, phit huy tinh tich cue, chii dongcua ndm bdt thdng tin, khai thde nhung ngudn tu nguai hoc; hoc phai di ddi vcd hinh hfiu mdi phyc vu cdng tac giang dgy, nhat la Chfi tich Hd CM Minh thudng nhdc nha de vific tiep can nhiing cdng trinh khoa hgc mdi cdng tdc hudn luyen dat Mfiu qua, trudc hgt dugc cdng bd, tham gja cdc difin dan, hdi thao ttong huan luyen phai "tMdt thuc, chu ddo" khoa hpc Cdc giang vien cdn phai sau sat, ndm Yfiu cau ddi hdi nhiing ngudi Idm cdng tdc chdc tinh hinh thyctifin;lua chpn, he thdng hudn luyfin phdi ngMen cfiu, lua chpn ndi dung hda cdc vdn dg da va dang dign d dia phuong, sdt hpp vdi nhu cau cfia ngudi hpc, phfi hgp vdi don vi dg minh chiing cho ndi dung ly Man yfiu cdu cfia thyctiencdng tac, ddng thdi phdi dang gidng day, ngMfin ciiu tign hdnh hudn luyfin cdng phu, bdo dam chdt Thiitu,th uong xuyen quan tam nghien cOu, lugng; ttdnh tinh ttgng "viec huin luyen tongkitthuc tiin, kip thoi tiep thu thdng tin tu him danh vd thuc, ldm cM cdt nMgu ma khdng thuc tiin titigt thuc, chu ddo"*^" Hien nay, phdn Idn cdc giang vifin dugc hgc Mdt quy trinh dao tgo bdi dudng ly luan cho tap, ngMfin cfiu ly ludn khd cdng phu, bdi ban tai can bd cM dupc coi Id Mfiu qua, thigt thyc kM: cdc tnrdng va cdc ca sd dao tao nhung chua sau kM hpc, ngirdi cdn bd khdng cM Mgu, ndm (hogc it) cd digu kien di ca sd, tham gia cac boat chdc nhiing vdn dg cdt loi ve ly Man, bigt nfin dgng thyctign,tryctieptham gia cdng tac lanh ldm ^, ma cdn phdi bidt ldm nhu thg nao Digu dao, qudn ly tai cdc dia phirong, don vi Do dd, dd ddt yfiu cdu ttong giang day, truygn thy kign thtic, kinh n§^em thyctigncfia cac giang kign thuc phdi hgt sue quan tam viec phdt huy vifin, nhdt Id gidng vifintieviia tMgu vira tut hdu vai ttd "chfi thg" cfia hgc vien,ttdnhldi truygn so vdi tinh Mnh Trong kM dd, thuctigncudc thy kign thfic mdt cMeu, dp dat Phai thirdng sdng ludn vdn ddng vd phat trign, phat sinh xuyfin lim tdi, ddi mod, ket hgp nhudn nhuyfin nMgu vdn dg mdi, can dugc kip thdi phdt Men, cdc phirong phap ttong gidng dgy; kgt hgp sii LYLUAN CHINH TRI-SolO/2015 CT PAP TAP - B | PUflNG CAN B dung hnh hoat cac phuang phdp, phuang tifin ttuyen tiidng va hifin dgi, phii hpp vdi ndi dung bdi giang, chuyfin dg va ddi tugng hpc vifin Ddc biet, cdn tang cirdng cdc Mnh thuc ttao ddi, thdo Man qua trinh giang dgy Dg td chuc tdt cac budi thdo lugn, cdc gidng vifin cdn cdn cti vdo ndi dung tiing chuyen dg, bdi giang dg thiet kg he tiidng cac cau hdi, cac ndi dung thdo lugn mdt each khoa hgc, phu hgp vdl cdc ddi tugng khdc nhau; hudng cdc y kign ttao ddi, thdo Man vao vigc ly giai, lam sdng td nhiing van de ly ludn dang ddt ra, ddng thdi thdng qua dd cung cdp thdng tin dg tigp tyc ngMgn ctiu, tdng kdt bd sung vdo ly Man Thubay,phiinguen c&u, lua chon thdngtin thuc din vio bai gang mot each khoa hoc, phu hop voi noi dung timg chuyen di vi cac doi tirong hoc vidn khac Trong gidng dgy, mdt van dg Ij? ludn cd the co nMeu Men tugng, boat ddng thuctifindg lien he, va cfing mdt bai giang lai phai nMgu ldn lifin he vdi thyc tign Do do, de phdn Mfin he thuc ti6n bao dam khoa hgc, ddi hdi gidng vifin khdng chi ndm vung kign thiic ly ludn cfia toan bd noi dimg bdi giang md cdn phai lya chgn, sdp xgp de dua thdng tin, tu Ufiu thyc tign vdo bai giing mdt each cdng phu, khoa hgc, phu hpp vdi ngi dung tiing chuyfin dg, phu hgp vdi cdc ddi tugng Thu sau, phii thu&ng xuyen bim sat thuc hpc vign dang sinh boat, cdng tdc o cdc ngdnh, din detiep c$n thuc tiin du&icichinh thiic va dia phuong, don vi khdc D^c Met, tu lieu thyc tien dua vao bdi giang phdi bao dam tinh miic khic nha u Hifin nay, nhd sy phat trign nhanh chdng cua dien hinh, mang tinh thdi sy, cd dp chinh xac khoa hgc cdng nghe, dac Met Id vigc fing dyng cao, phu hpp vdi ndi dung gidng dgy,ti:anhtinh cdng nghe thdng tin vao cdc lmh vyc cua ddi trgng lgm dyng, Uen be tran lan, ddi ddng, tham sdng xa hdi; phuang tifin, tMgt bi phuc vu cdng cM "td hdng" hodc "bdi den", "hu can" thyc tign tdc ngMfin cuu giang day ngdy cang dugc tdng Viec qudn ttigt va thyc hien cd Mfiu qua cudng, dd gidng vifin cd nMfi'u "kfinh", nMfi'u nhiing quan digm cfia Chfi tich Hd CM Mtnh hinh tbiic dg khai thac, tigp nhan thdng tin, cap vg nguyfin tdc thdng nhdt giiia ly luan va thuc nhdt kien thfic Tuy thuOc vao chuong trinh, ndi tign ttong gidng day ly lugn ludn Id yfiu cau cdp dung cdc mdn hgc, gidng vifin cd thg lya chgn thigt Id gidi phdp hiiu Mfiu nhdm nang cao nMgu Mnh thfic khdc dg tigp can cap nhat chdt Iugng, hifiu qud cdng tdc ddo tao, b6i tri tiiiic thyc tiin Ngodi vific tang cudng di thuc dudng cdn bg, ddp fing yeu cdu nMfim vu ttong tg CO s6^ ggp gd, ttao ddi vdl cdc dign Mnh tien thdi ky mdi o tign, cdc nhdn chiing lich sfi; xdm nhdp ddi sdng cua quan chiing nhdn ddn; cdc cdc md Mnh tten cdc linh vuc , giang vien cdn thudng xuyfin cdp nhat, ngMfin cfiu cdc tdi hfiu, tulieu chinh thdng, (1), (2), (3), (5), (6), (7), (13), (14), (15), (19), (20) Hfi cd tin cdy cao, nhdt la cdc vdn kien mdi CW Minh: Toan tap, t.8, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia Ha Cdc giang vifin cdn tdng cirdng tiep xfic, ttao Noi, 1995,tt.496,497, 497, 494-495, 495, 495, 496, ddi, thao lugn vdi hgc vifin thudc cac nhdm ddi 496,496,497, 500 tirgng khac de tim Mgu va ndm bat thdng (4), (8), (11), (12), (16), (17), (18) Sdd,t.5,tt.233,233tin dg bd sung vdo ndi dung cdc chuygn dg 234,234,234, 234.234,234-235 dang giang day (9),(21),Sdd,t.6,tt.47,46 LYLUANCHINHTR|-So10/2015 ... dd tiig ndo ldmtiigdy Kgt qud thudng that bai"''"'' khdng phai la nhiing ngudi "biet ly ludn", md Trong thuctigneach mang, cd nhimg can bd "cdn phdi stic thyc hanh mdi ngudi dangvifin "lam dugc... dang tinh", tM "can phai cd qua" Do dd, "ttong luc hpc tap ly ludn, chfing thai hgc tap cho dfing" Trong qud trinh hgc ta cdn nhdn manh: lylu$n phai lien he vdi thuc tap ly luan, phai thyc sy kMfim... budc trudc khdng phai la gido difi''u, nd la kim cM nam cho bdt ky khd khan ndottongvific hgc tap Trong hanh ddng each mgng; vd ly l u ^ khdng phdi Id kM hgc ly luan, phai "nfiu cao tdc phong ddc