m /''''( ^? THI/C TRANG LIEN KET DAO TAO NHAN LI/C dCACTlNH DUYEN HAIiyiliN TRUNG • ThS PHAM VAN GLANG Hoc vien Chinh tri khu v\fc ill Vflng duyin hai mien Tnmg (DHMT) gdm eac tmh, thanh phd Thiia Thiln[.]
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THI/C TRANG LIEN KET DAO TAO NHAN LI/C dCACTlNH DUYEN HAIiyiliN TRUNG • ThS PHAM VAN GLANG Hoc vien Chinh tri khu v\fc ill V flng duyin hai mien Tnmg (DHMT) gdm eac tmh, phd: Thiia Thiln Hue, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngii, Binh Dinh, Phii Yin, Khinh Hda vdi tdng dientichty nhiln li 38.236,4 km^, din sd hon 8.186,8 nghm ngudi (2013), chiem 11,54% diln tich vi gin 10,1% dan sd toan qude Toan vung hiln cd khu kinh tl, 34 khu cdng nghilp Theo quy hoaeh phit triln giai doan 2011 - 2020 se ed 42 khu cdng nghilp, khu edng nghi cao Die bilt, ttong viing cd eic tinh, nim ttong viing kinh tl ttgng dilm miln Tnmg Vdi xu hudng diy manh chuyin dieh eo ciu kinh te theo hudng ting t^ trgng cdng nghilp va dieh vu, giam t^ trgng ndng nghilp ttong co ciu ting tnrdng; tirong lai gin, nhu ciu nhin lue cd trinh dd ky thuat phyc vu cho qui trinh cdng nghidp hda li rit ldn Theo thdng ke, toan viing hien cd 5,8 ttilu ngtrdi dd mdi tit 15 trd len (chiem 71% din sd) Xet vl sd lugng, diy la lpi the so vdi cic vimg khic ttong ca nudc, nhung ve co ciu vi chit lugng thi lao ddng ttong Unh vuc ndng nghiep cdn ehilm t^ 11 eao (gin 50% tdng sd lao dgng), phin ldn lao ddng chua qua dio tao (chiem 56,48%), tSj 11 lao ddng linh nghe thip De dio tao nhan lyc phuc vy qui trinh phit triln, eic tinh, thinh vung DHMTttongthdi gian qua khdng ngung phit trien vl sd lugng, ning cap cic co sd dio tao tu dai hpe den cap ding, trung cip chuyin nghiep, day nghi Den nay, toin vung ed 27 tnrdng dai hge, 36 trudng cao dang, 21 trudng tmng cip chuyin nghiep, 242 trudng cao ding nghi, trung cip nghe va tmng tam day nghi (chua kl eie eo sd dio tao khac dat co sd dio tao tai cie dia phuong) Trong dd, tip tmng chu ylu dhai tmng tim dao tao ldn cua miln Tmng - Tiy Nguyin li Thira Thien Hue va Di Ning So vol ci nude, vimg DHMT cd sd lugng vi mat cae tmdng dio tao tuong ddi cao, ehi diing sau vimg ddng bing sdng Hdng va viing Ddng NamBd Tuy nhien, so vdi nhu eiu thyc tl ngudn nhin lyctiiigiiia dio tao va sii dung chua ed su tuong thich Nlu so vdi tilu chl vl t^ 11 dao tao nhin luc cua Quy din sd Lien Hpp qudc: dai hge, cao ding - trung cip -10 cdng nhin k? tiiuit, thi viing DHMT dang mit ein ddi ttong LfLUAN CHfNH TRI-Sd9/2015 EL DAO TAO - B | DirdNG CAN B dio tao, phan ldn cic co sd dio tao tip trung ehu ylu vio nhdm dai hgc, eao dang Co ciu nginh nghi dao tao eda vimg DHMT edn nhieu diem ehua hpp ly Qua khao sat cho thiy, cic co sd dao tao chu ylu tip tnmg vao mdt sd nginh nghi nhtr (Bang 1) Bangl: CaduD^oh ngii dao taocda vdngDuySn bii miin Trung ^nmTTJiifSHS^^MiMBHHBI^M Cong nghe thong tin 56,1 Oiln-diennJ-dienlanh 39 - Xay dung Kien tnic-my thuit 34,1 22 am 19,5 Congnghe sinii hgc 19,5 Hoa-hoa dau-nang lucng 17,1 Ketoan, Idem toan 61 Quan trilunh doanh 56,1 rai diinh ngan hang «,3 Du iich-khach san-nha hang 21,9 Doi voi cac co so day nghS, nhom cac nganh nghe hen duoc nhieu co so lua chgn dao tao, nhung tiong tap trung nhieu nhat la: dien dien tu - dien lanh (46,9%), co (40,6%), du lich - khach san - nha hang (31,2%), kg toan (21,9%), may tinh - cong nghe thong tin (21,9%)li' Qua trinh chuyfa dich co c4u kinh tg dang tao sii chuygn bign manh me ve co cau nganh nghg ttong toan vting, xuat hien cang nhieu nganh, nghg mm doi hoi su dtmg cong nghg cao Cac co so dao tao da chii ttgng vao xu huong chuygn bien nhung van chua the dap ilng nhu cau thuc te, cac co so dao tao chua dugc dau tu theo chigu sau, dSn ir LUAN CHiNH TR|-S((9/2ai5 den kgt qua dao tao viia thtra, viia thigu NOi dtmg chuang trinh dao tao chu ygu giang day ly thuygt, han che thuc hanh, nen lao ddng dugc dao tao ting dung vao thuc tg hieu qua khong cao, nhieu co so san xu^t phii dao tao lal C4c co so dao tao nghg chu ygu tjp trung d^o tao ngdn han, vdi cac ngdnh nghe don gian, nhu: dien dan dung, co go han, may cong nghiep, lg tan khach san, dich vu budng phong; cac nganh ham lugng cong nghe cao: bao duong, sira chiia ldp rap cac thigt bi chinh xac, cokhi chg t^o may, han cong nghe cao; cdc nghg thuQc linh vuc ttr dgng h6a cang phat trign lai it dugc chuttgng,do chua ddp irng dugc nhu cau ciia cac nganh nghg mbi cua vimg qua ttinh chuygn dich CO cau kinhte Co nhieu nguyen nhan dan dgn nhiing bdt cap dao tao ngudn nhan lire b vung DHMT, nhtmg nhiing nguyen nhan chu ygu la: Mdt li, cham ddi mm ngi dung chuong trinh, nganh nghe dao tao Trgn thvic tg, ttong th6igianqua,caccos6 dao taottongviing chit yeu dang dao tao dieo the manh von co, nhiing ngdnh nghg da co truyen thfing nhtr su pham, khoa hgc co bdn, xa hpi nhan van.v.v., chua co suddimmngi dtmg, chucmgttinhdao tao phu hgp vol nhu cdu cua xa hgi Hai li, chua corndtcosophaply rang bugc cdc CO so ddo tao theo nhu cdu xa hfii Tinh rdng bupc khd dl nhdt Id ddo taoflieodia chi sir dung, Cli tuyen vd hgn kgt gitia cac truftng voi dia phuang Nhin chimg, nhting dfii mgng va hlnhfliiicddo tao ndy chat lugng khOng cao, chi CO tinh gido due dai tta, mang tinh dai chung, chua that su huong vdo ddo tao ngudn nhan luc chat lugng cao Su lien kgt giiia cdc co so ddo tao vM nhau, hay gitia ca so dao tao voi don vi su JI dung lao ddng vin li hai bin tu dam va ling dung kit qua nghiln cuu chua dupc phan, su hd tro thdng qua td chiic trung chu ttpng gian, thdng qua h0i thio, hdi nghi gin nhu Mac dii mdt sd trudng da chpn trudng d ehua cd He qua la khdng nim bit dupe nudc ngoai de lien ket dao t^o nhim dap iing thdng tin, thieu tinh thi du bio nhu ciu hgi nhip qude tl, nhu Dai hpc Hul nhu eiu nhan lue cua toan vung ndi chung, vi Dai hpc Da Ning di hen kit vdi cic dai hpe cua cic dia phuang ndi rieng cua Oxttaylia, Hoa Ky, Nhat Ban, Phip va cac Ba li, lien kit dio taottongvtmg chua dupc ntrdc phit triln, ehu ttpng mdt sd nganh: ky chu trpng diing mdc Trong vtmg cd nhieu thuat, khoa hpc coban, kinh te ndng nghiep, nganh, nghe cd the hen kit vdi dl dio tii chinh, y tl, dieh vu du lieh Nhiing chuong t^o, nhtmg giiia eie co sd dio tag thilu ttinh hen kit dio tao niy mang lai hieu qua tilng ndi chtmg nln ttong lien kit dao t^o cdn tich cue, dio tao dupc dgi ngu ngudn nhin nhilu bit cap Qua khao sit cic eo sd dio tao lue chit lupng cao, nhtmg chua dip iing dugc cho thiy, cd 12,2% chgn eictrudngcungtmh ylu ciu vl sd lugngttongco ciu nginh, nghe dl lien kit dao tao, 19,5% chpn eae trudng cua cie dia phuong ttong viing de hen ket; 65,9% chpn cac trudng Du bio ttong thdi gian tdi, tdc dO tang din d Hi NOi vi Thinh phd Hd Chi Minh dl lien sd la khoing ttIn 0,12%/nim, din nam 2020 kit dao tao*^' nhilu eo sd dio tao, muc dich dan sd vung DHMT cd khoang ttIn 9,6 trilu ciia qui trinh hen kit chua thue su ehii ttpng ngudi Vdi co cau din sdtte,hing nam sd r^udi din nang eao chat lugng dao tao, mi ehd ylu budc vio mdi lao ddng ldn, nhu ciu giai quylt da dang hda eic loal hinh, md rdng quy md vile lam va dio tao nhan luc dangttdthinh sue dio tao ep ddi vdi cie tinh, thinh Mgt nhilm vu cap Mit khie, hen kit giija eo sd dao tao vdi cic bich trudc mit vi chiln lugc liu dii ddi vdi don vi sd dung lao ddng cdn nhieu vudng vCmg DHMT la tip tnmg dio tJio ngudn nhan mic Cd nhilu nguyen nhin,ttongdd chd ylu luc du vl sd lupng, dip ung vl chit lugng vi co la eic ben tham gia chua nhan thue diy dd can Trong dd, ein chu y den cic nginh vi Unh tim quan ttpng cda su hen kit, chtra cd su hd vuc mui nhpn cua viing, ddi hdi nhilu ve ttg tix cie co quan quan ly nha nudc Qua khao ngudn nhin luc nhu: cdng nghe hda diu, co sit, chi cd 61% CO sd dio tao vi 65,6% co sd khi, ehl tao vi lip rap thilt bi diln - dien tu, day nghe cd su hen kit dio tao theo dia chi cdng nghiep cdng nghi eao, cdng nghe chl tao (dio tao cho don vi sd dung lao ddng, dia tau thuy, dinh bit va xuit khau hai sin, dich phuang) Trong dd, cie hinh thue lien kit chii vu chat lupng cao, die bilt li dich vu gin vdi ylu li md ldp dio tao chiing chi, eung eip du lich va dich vu tii chinh ngin hang, thuang ngudn nhan luc theo dit hing, md ldp rilng mai, dich vu cdng nghi, phip ly, mdi trudng, cho don vl su dung lao ddng hoic md ldp tip vilntiidng,phit trien thi trudng bit ddng sin huin, chuyin giao edng nghe'^' Nhin chung, Do dd, de hen kit dao tao ngudn nhin lue hmh thuc hen kit giiia cic co sd dio tao edn mang lai hieu qua cao, ngoii vile phit huy thi don dilu; cic boat ddng hln kit nghien cuu manh vdn cd ttong dio tgo, vung DHMT can khoa hpe, ttao ddi kinh nghilm, chuyen giao thuc hien ddng bd mdt sd ndi dung sau LfLUAN CHfNH TRI-S£f 9/2015 ^ P A O T A O - B | Pl/flNG CAN B Thdnhit, ning cao nhin th&c ve tim quan edttgngdilm dl phit huy the manh cua eic ca cua su lien kit dao tao ngudn sd dio tgo, ddng thdi ttinh su chdng cheo, giy ling phi ngudn luc xi hdi Theo dd, ddi voi nhin luc Cic CO sd dao tao, eic dia phuong can nhan Thiia Thien Hue cin diu tu vio cic nganh: rd tim quanttpngeua hln kit dao tao la vi mue khoa hgc cabin, y dugc, im nhgc va my thu|fe tieu, lgi ieh chung cua cie bin tham gia, ttinh luit, ndng - lim, su phgm, ngoai ngu, du IJc^ tinhttangcanhttanhthieu linh manh Cie ca khoa hgc xa hdi va nhan vin Di Ning cin chii sd dio tao cin chip hinh nghilmtiiccic quy ttgng cac nginh: ky thuit, kinh tl, edng ngh§, dinhttongdio tao Lien kit dao tgo phii hudng kiln true, su phgm, ngoai ngu, cdng i ^ e tiidi^ den ning eao ehit lugng, bd sung nhiit^ i^inh tin va tmyln thdng Quang Nam cin chii irpi^ mi dia phuong dang thilu nhin lire hoic nhan tii nguyen vi mdi trudng (biln ddi hiu, luc cdn han chl de dao tao, xuit phit tuylu eau nang lupng, tii nguyen ), vin hda, du lich thuc tl, cic ca sd can giup nhauttongqui trinh Quing Ngai can chuttgng:cdng nghe (lpc hda chuyin giao chuangtiinh,ddi ngu giang vien dau, ehl biln diu khi) Binh Dinb cin chti Tbu bai, thinh lap Ban dieu phdi ngudn ttpng cic nginh: khoa hpc co bin, su phan^ nhin luc chung, ddng thoi ban hinh cac cochegiao thdng van tai Phii Yin ein chti trpng cic nginh: kiln tnic - xay dung Khanh Hda cgn chinh sachtiongdio tao vi Mdn kit dao tao tren cos&nhu ciu thuc ti ngudn nhan luc cuachd trpng thuy sin, hang hai, 1^ thuat tau biln, hai duong hpc, kmh tl bien cic dia phuong Th&tu, diy manh suhenket, traoddihgptic Ban dilu phdi ngudn nhin li^ cho toin vtmg dupc thinh lip ein thuc hien nhilm gda eac cosd dao tao v&i nhau, g&a cosd dao vu khao sit, dubao nhu eiu ngudn nhin luc vi tao v&i don vi sudung nhin luc phdi hpp vdi cic co sd dio tao, dan vi su dung Day manh va ning eao hilu qui hpp tic, liln dio tao ttong vile dao tao nhin lue dip iing ket gitra cic co sd dio tao d nhilu linh vuc tten nhu ciu thuc tl, trinh tinh ttang mit can ddi eo sd cic thi manh vdn cd Nhiing eo sd dao ttong dio tgo Theo dd, vung cin cd su thda tgo tmyen thdng ein tao dilu kiln hd tta thuin phdi hpp, cam kit giua cac co sd dio tao, nhung eo sd dio tao mdi thinh lap d cae dia cic dia phuong; su hd ttg cua Bd Giio due vi phuong ttong nhung hnh vue chua cd kmh Dio tao de dilu phdi Hen kit; ddng thdi cd chl nghilm, ddng thdi thue hiln chuyin giao npi tai ddi vdi cie co sd dio tao nhim dat duoc dung chuong trinh, giio trinh, mdi giing vien muctieuhen kit phit triln viing di dupc lanh giang day, hpp tie dio tao giang viln, hpp tic dao cic dia phuong thdng nhit thyc hiln ttong nghien ciiu khoa hpe Mat khic, can nang Th&ba, cin chu trongdau tucd trongdiim,cao hieu qui giiia nghien cuu vdi chuyin giao, phin djnh dio tao ngudn nhin luc ling dung kit qua nghien ciiu vao thue tiin Trin eo sd quy hoach kinh tl, chien luge Ting eudng dio tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng phit triln ngudn nhin luc eua vung, cie dia thdn gin vdi nhu ciu cua doanh nghiep, md phuang va thi manh cua cie co sd dio tgo, co rdng hpp tie dao tgo theo don dit hing Trong quan quin ly nhi nudc cic cip, trgc tilp la Bg nhiing Idiu cdng n ^ e p , cin thinh lap eic trung Giio due va Dao tao can cd chiln lugc dau tu tim dao tao gin vdi nhu ciu eda doanh i ^ l p LVLUAN CHiNH TR!-Sd9/2015 m pipwyit^iMMimtmiMMkiwiw'w'gjy.'''————•,•; ^ B l r.'^T^*^-"^"'"- '"^''^ "^^^H I n HOI TH/\O KITOA HOC * ' » "LIEN KET OM TAO NGUON lUa LI|'C CAC IINH DUYEN HAI MIEN TRUHG" ^ ; ^ ^ H H Tt/onhiih.)lfi.^,ncii^niltflanff l'iar«2l>lS N H M^^ ^ ^ i 1* ^ I ^ H @ p w id 'It ^^^^H^^^" 1P%3 | 9 '• t ' » i,.*.i - • f ' ^j^r i^ I'liJ ^,V^iii 111 i.'.'.'H i ! i l 1!.v x.a ' 4^^a \ !ã ~-.^^ ^^^ô //oi thdo khoa hgc "Lien kit ddo tgo nguon nhdn luc cdc tinh duyen hdi mien Trung" Mue dich dio tao phai hudng den thi trudng Cic cosd dio tao vi eie dia phuong cin tranh su dung, dd, can huy dgng si^ tham gia cua thu cic du in, dl in dio tao ldn, ddng thdi keu don vi sd dung lao ddng vao qua trinh hpp tic gpi ngudn kmh phi ung bd cua cie nudc hoic ttong dao tao Trong dd, cin chti y din vai ttd cic td chtic phi chinh phu, tu dd tung budc thue cua cic doanh nghiep ttong viec hen kit xiy hien qudc tl hdattongdio tgo nhin luc liln kit dao tgo r^udn nhin luc li mdt ttong dung chuong tiinh, giio trinh phii hgp vdi nhu nhiing giii phip coban dl giai quylt nhung bat cau thue tl cua ylu ciu sin xuit Thundm, tang cuonghqp tac quoc tivi dio cap ttong dio tao nhin lue d eie dia phuang tao ngudn nhan luc anh&ngnganh, Hnh vuc vung DHMT Dl viec hln kit dio tao thuc su mang Igi hieu qui, ngoii chu truang, chinh m&i, ddi hdi trinh cao Thuc hiln nhip khau ehirong trinh, giio sach, chl tii, thi ylu td quanttpngli tinh chu trinh, phuong phip va quy triiih dio tgo eda ddng, thiln chi ttong hpp tic giiia eie dia cae tnrdng dai hpc chat lugng cao tten the gidi phuong, giiia cic ca sd dio tao, gitia co sd dio de tung budc hien dai hda nhung co sd dio tao tgo vdi don vi su dung lao ddng O ttpng dilm ttong vung Ddi vdi nhiing nginh ddi hdi ngudn nhan luc chit lugrng cao nhtr lpc hda diu, nudittdngva che biln thuy sin, edng (l),(2),(3)Xem"BiocaoMtquai±aos^(cuaMjdm nghilp ddng tiu, hing hai, dich vu du lieh tu van Uen kit phit tnin miin Trung", K^ ylu H6i cin thn ddi tic ed uy tin dl sdm hln kit dao tao thao khoa hpc Udn kit dao tao ngudn nhan iuc cac tinh Duyen hii miin Trung Hue, 2012, tt.28,31,32 ngudn nhin luc chit lirpng cao LYLUAN CHI'NH TR!-Sa;9/2015 ... van Uen kit phit tnin miin Trung" , K^ ylu H6i cin thn ddi tic ed uy tin dl sdm hln kit dao tao thao khoa hpc Udn kit dao tao ngudn nhan iuc cac tinh Duyen hii miin Trung Hue, 2012, tt.28,31,32... tip tnmg vao mdt sd nginh nghi nhtr (Bang 1) Bangl: CaduD^oh ngii dao taocda vdngDuySn bii miin Trung ^nmTTJiifSHS^^MiMBHHBI^M Cong nghe thong tin 56,1 Oiln-diennJ-dienlanh 39 - Xay dung Kien... cac co so day nghS, nhom cac nganh nghe hen duoc nhieu co so lua chgn dao tao, nhung tiong tap trung nhieu nhat la: dien dien tu - dien lanh (46,9%), co (40,6%), du lich - khach san - nha hang