TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM s6 9(75) ndm 2015 THlTC T R A N G , GIAI P H A P XAY D I / N G VA SlT D V N G G I A O T R I N H D I E N T\S T H E O HlTOfNG P H A T T R I E N NANG LlTC TlT H O C C H O SINH[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM s6 9(75) ndm 2015 T H l T C T R A N G , G I A I P H A P X A Y D I / N G V A SlT D V N G G I A O T R I N H D I E N T\S T H E O HlTOfNG P H A T T R I E N N A N G LlTC TlT H O C C H O S I N H V I E N SlT P H A M D I A L I C U A T R l T O N G D A I H Q C C A N T H O LE VAN NHUONG* T O M TAT Bdi viit dd kit hgp phuang phdp nghien cuu li thuyet vd khdo sat thuc te de phdn tich thuc trgng xdy dung vd sir dung gido trinh diin tu dgy hgc & Tru&ng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha ndi chung cho sinh vien Su phgm Dia li ndi rieng Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdy gido trinh diin tir v&i su tdng cuang phim, dnh, bdn do, biiu do, bdi tap tu hgc Id cdng cu rdt phii hap di phdt triin ndng luc tu hgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dia li Tir tdc gid dd de xudt mdt quy trinh xdy dung vd cdc gidi phdp su dung gido trinh dien tu di ndng cao ndng luc tu hgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dja li cua Truang Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Tir khda: nang lyc ty hpc, giao trinh dien tir, dpng co hpc lap, thai dp hpc lap, kl nang ly hoc ABSTRACT The reality of and solutions to developing and using electronic textbooks to enhance self-study competency of geography pedagogical students at Can Tho university This paper has combined theoretical research and practical survey methods to analyze the reality of developing and using electronic textbooks in teaching at Can Tho University in general, and for Geography pedagogical students in particular The study results show that an electronic textbook enhanced with movies, photos, maps, diagrams, self-study exercises is a very suitable tool for developing selfstudy competency of Geography pedagogical students Based on these findings, the author has proposed a developing process and solutions to using electronic textbooks to enhance self-study competency of Geography pedagogical students at Can Tho University Keywords: self-study competency, electronic textbook (E-texlbook) learning motivation, learning attitude, self-study skills Dat van de Phat trien nang lyc la xu the day hgc da va dang phd bien d nhieu qudc gia cd nen giao due phat trien tren t h i gidi nhu Hoa Ki Uc, Lien minh chau A u Viet Nam, day hpc phat trien nang lyc dugc Bd Giao due va Dao lao dua vao ap dung chinh thiic d bac phd thdng tir cudi nam 2013, din da thu dugc nhiing ket qua tich cue Trong xu the day hpc hien tai d nudc ta Tu hgc dugc xem la mpt nhung nang lyc chung quan trgng, can dugc phat trien d tat ca cac mon hgc O bac Dai hgc (DH) dieu kien lit ca cac trudng da ap dung dao tao theo He thdng tin chi thi viec phat trien nang lyc tu hgc cho S \ ' da trd yeu clu b i t budc ddi vdi lat ca giao \ien (GV) Kit qua khao sat cho thay, nhiiu GV da lua chpn giao trinh dien lir ThS Tofffng Oai hoc Can Tha, Email: lvnhuong@ctu edu.vn 140 TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM (GTDT) nhu mdt cdng cu td chiic day hpc giiip sinh vien (SV) ty hoc rit hieu qua Giao trinh dien tii la khai niem ididng xa la d6i vdi nhihig ngudi lam cdng tac giao due d nudc ta Tuy nhien, hien tai van cdn nhieu each hieu khac ve ndi ham cua khai niem n&y Du hieu d goc dp nao, muc tieu quan trpng nhat ciia cac GTDT van la phat huy tdi da nang lyc ty hpc cua ngudi hoc, cung cap day du thdng tin giup ngudi hpc ty kham pha va lya chpn dudng chiem ITnh tri Ihiic phil hgp nhat vdi kha nang cua minh Tir thue te nay, bai viet mudn dua mpt khai niem co the bao quat dugc y nghTa va muc tieu ma GTDT hudng tdi, dong thdi phan loai GTDT theo cac tieu chi khac Qua bai hpc kinh nghiem tir viec xay dyng va sir dung GTDT, chiing tdi de xuat cac phuong phap day hpc theo hudng phat trien nang lyc ly hpc hieu qua hon cho SV Su pham Dia li Phirong phap nghien cihi Cac nghien ciiu li thuyet ve ty hpe, phat trien nang lyc ty hpc va giao trinh dien lii dugc chiing tdi tdng hgp tir nhieu ngu6n lai lieu dam bao dp tin eay ve mat khoa hpe nhu: sach, tap ehi khoa hpc, tap chi chuyen nganh giao due, luan van khoa hpc Day chinh la eo sd li luan de tiin hanh khao sal, danh gia vi thuc trang sir dung GTDT day hgc ndi chung va day hgc Dia li ndi rieng Ben canh eac nghien ciiu li thuyet, tac gia cdn tiin hanh cac boat dpng khao sat tai Khoa Su pham, Trudng Dai hgc Cin Tho vao thang nam 2014 Ddi tuong dugc khao sat la 172 SV nam thir Le Van Nhuang Hai, Ba va Tu chuyen nganh Su pham Dia li, sau dd chpn ngau nhien 100 mlu de xu li bang phln mim SPSS Chiing tdi khdng chgn SV nam Nhlt tham gia khao sat vi nhung SV chi mdi lam quen vdi mdi trudng dai hpc, viec ty hgc chua cd dinh hudng ro rang Ket qua khao sat dugc diing de khang dinh ve tinh cap thiet ciia viec xay dyng va sii dung GTDT day hpc Dia li theo hudng phat trien nang luc ty hpc Tir thyc te td chiic day hpc tren LMS eae hpc phan Dia li Ty nhien Ban hgc vdi GTDT, dong thdi dya tren nang lyc hien lai ciia SV Su pham Dia li, chiing loi de xuat nhutig yeu cau can thiet viec xay dyng va sir dung GTDT nham phat huy tot nhat nang lye tu hge cua SV Ket qua nghien ciiii 3.1 Phdt trien n&ng luc tu hgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dia li u Phdt trien ndng luc tu hoc Nhiiu tac gia da neu quan diem cua minh vi ty hge nhu: Nguyin Canh Toan (1997), Thai Duy Tuyen (1998), Nguyin Ky (1998), Trln Phuang (2005) [6], [7] Tuy nhien, eae quan diem ehu yiu tap trung vao nhiing kT nang ty hge di chiim ITnh tri thiic ma khong de cap din khia canh dgng co va thai hgc tap Nhdm tac gia Tnnh Quoc Lap (2008) [3] da nghien ciiu va dua khai niem kha day dil ve nang lyc ty hgc, nhan manh mdi quan he giiia dpng co va thai hpc tap Tdng hgp quan diem cua nhieu tae gia, cd the khang dinh ndng luc tu hgc cua timg chu the (ngudi hgc) ludn co sy TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM khac biet nhlt dinh, phat trien nang luc tu hgc la dua tren nhiing diem gjdng va khac biet ciia cac chu the de giiip ngucri hpc cd dugc [3]: Dgng CO hgc tap diing din; Kha nang tu quan li viec hgc, tu lam viec, ly danh gia ket qua hgc tap va ty dieu chinh viec hgc ciia minh; Kha nang lam viec dgc lap \ a hgp tac vdi ngudi khac; Thai lich cyc ddi vdi viec hgc b Phdt trien ndng luc tu hgc cho sinh vien Supham Dia li Trong nhdm cdng viec can lam de phat trien nang luc ly hgc thi ^up S\" cd dugc dgng co hgc tap dung din va thai hpc tap tich cue la nhihig cong viec chung, dugc thuc hien gidng ddi vdi tit ca S\' dd cd SV su pham; cdng viec cdn lai la phat trien kha nang ty quan li tu danh gia, ty dieu chinh va kha nang lam viec ddc lap, hgp tac vdi ngudi khac la nhiing cdng viec mang tinh dac thil ciia timg chuyen nganh Ddi vdi S\' Su pham Dia li tinh dac tfaii dugc the hien qua nhdm nang lyc ty hgc can dugc phat trien gdm: nang lyc lap ki hoach nang lyc chuyen mdn, nang lyc nghiep \u su pham, nang lyc kiem tra danh gja, cu the: Nliom nang lyc lap ke hoach gdm: lap ke hoach hgc tap, dang ki hpc phln Nhdm nang lyc chuyen mdn gdm: nang luc tu tdng hgp lanh thd nang Iuc su dung phuong lien da\ hgc (ban dd, bieu dd phim, anh ), nang luc nghien Cliu khoa hgc Dia H Nhom nang luc nghiep vu su pham gdm: trinh ba> van de phan tich ndi dung 142 Sd 9(75) nam 2015 tai lieu, soam giao an, tap giang, quan sat, hgp tac vdi giao vien khac va hgc sinh Nhdm nang luc Idem tra danh gia: de, lam bai kiem tra 3.2 Gido trinh dien tu vd vai tro cda nd doi vdi viec phdt trien ndng iuc tu hgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dia li u Khdi niem Gido trinh dien tu Hien tai cd nhieu quan diem khac \e GTDT Theo trang web vi GTDT ciia Bg Giao due va Dao tao Viet Nam (ebook.edu.vn), GTDT la cac tap tin dien tii cd ndi dung it nhlt ciing bang giao trinh in; Nhdm day hpc Intel thi cho rang GTDT la loai tai lieu hd irg hgc tap hieu qua thdng qua kenh hinh va kenh phim; Mang day hgc true tuyen Moodie lai tap trung phat trien cac GTDT d dang lap tin word, pdf hoac html phuc vu day hgc true tuyen Qua qua trinh xay dyng, sii dung GTDT day hgc cho sinh vien ehuyen nganh Su pham Dia Ii va tdng hgp nhieu quan diem khac nhau, chiing tdi dua khai niem sau: Gido trinh diin tir Id mgt dgng tdi lieu dien tu phuc vu dgy hoc duac tgo bdng cdc phdn mem mdy tinh Tdi lieu tdn tgi a nhieu dinh dang vd co the sic dung du&i hinh thuc ofline hoac online Ngi dung GTDT dugc thiet ke thdnh nhieu tap hgp bdi hgc CO thai lirgngphii hgp v&i tung ddi tugng ngu&i hoc khde tren ca sa tdng cuang kenh phim, dnh, bdn do, sado O mdi chd de kien thuc (bdi hgc hogc chuang) deu cd tdi lieu tham khdo; cdu hdi bdi tap tu hgc; ggi y, hir&ng ddn phuang phap hgc; cdc cdng cu hd trg tuang tdc giira ngu&i hpc vdi tdi lieu, v&i TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM ngu&i hgc khac vd v&i tdc gid giiip phdt huy tdi da ndng luc tu hgc cua ngu&i hgc b Phdn logi Gido trinh dien tic Dua tren cac lieu chi khac nhau, cd thi phan loai GTDT nhu sau: Theo dinh dgng, cd GTDT d cac dang file word, pdf, html, aps, php, 77760 mice tuang tdc: GTDT tuong tac mpt chieu, hai chieu va da chieu Theo chuyen ngdnh, GTDT xay dyng theo cac ehuyen nganh Toan, Van hpc, Dia li hoac chuyen nganh hep hon nhu: Khoa hgc Trai Dat, Van hgc Viet Nam, Lich su Viet Nam can dai, Theo muc su dung, GTDT dugc chia tnanh cap nhu sau: + Cdp I: cap dp nay, GTDT dugc sd hda tap tin word, PDF hoac mpt dang tap lin dpc tuong ty lir giao trinh in No dugc sir dung gidng nhu mpt giao trinh in va chi cd kha nang tuong tac chieu tir giao trinh den ngudi dpc + Cdp 2: GTDT dugc trinh bay dudi dang cae trang web sieu Hen ket, cd sy h6 trg cua anh, phim, ban dd, bieu do, Ngudi hpc CO the tuong lac vdi giao trinh Ihdng qua eac bai tap (cd dap an, chim diim va phan h6i) d timg bai hoac timg chuong + Cdp 3: GTDT dugc trinh bay dudi dang eac trang web sieu lien kit, co sy ho trg cua anh, phim, ban dd, biiu dd va dugc sii dung de td chiic day hgc thdng qua he thong ho trg day hpc tryc tuyin (LMS - Learning Manage System) Ngudi hpc cd the tuong tac vdi giao trinh, vdi giao vien va nhung ngudi hgc Le Van Nhuetng khae qua cac cdng cu hd trg cua LMS ma khdng cin tryc tiip din ldp GV td chiic cac boat dpng day hpc, kiim tra danh gia tren eo sd kit hgp giao trinh vdi LMS Trong qua trinh day hge, GV co thi xay dung GTDT ciia chuyen nganh minh theo c^p dp nhu da n^u Tiiy theo nang luc ngudi hpc ma sii dung giao trinh d cap phil hgp de td chuc day hgc thi hieu qua mang lai se cao hon c Vai tro cda GTDT viic phdt trien nang luc tu hgc cho SV Su phgm Dia li * Tdc dgng den dgng ca hgc tap ciia sinh vien Dgng CO hpc tap la yeu to quyet dinh den sy cdng hpc tap bac Dai hpc, dgng co hpc tap phan Idn bal ngudn ty sy dam me va y thiic vuon len lam chu nghe nghiep ciia SV Trong day hpc Dia li, chinh sy kit hgp hai hda giira kien thiic chuyen nganh va cae tien bg ciia khoa hgc cdng nghe cua GTDT, dac biet la sy tang cudng ve am thanh, hinh anh, phim, ban do, bieu dd da dem lai sy thii hpc tap cho SV, tir lam tang niem dam me kham pha, chiem ITnh tri thirc chuyen nganh Hpc tap vdi GTDT cung chinh la co hpi de SV ren luyen kT nang tin hpe - mpt nhiing cdng cu quyet dinh den sy cdng cua nghe nghiep tuong lai *• Tdc dgng den khd ndng tu qudn li, tu ldm viic, tu ddnh gid vd tu dieu chinh Trong diiu kien hgc tap theo He thdng tin chi, SV phai chu dpng tat ca cac boat dpng tir lap ke hogch hpc tap 143 TAP CHI KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM loan khda den dang ki hpc phan, xay dyng ke hoach de hoan eac hpc phan; Hay don gian ban la lap ke hoach di hoan cac nhiem vu GV dat C) dau moi giao trinh hoac dau mdi chuemg cua GTDT deu cd phan gidi thieu chi tiet ve ndi dung, muc lieu can dat va hudng dan ty hpe, SV de dang dya tren nhiing ggi y de lap ke hoach hpc tap phil hgp cho minh Cac bai tap ty luan, trac nghiem khach quan hoac dy an (cd the dugc thiet ke dudi dang Webquesl) chinh la cdng cu hd trg dac lye giiip SV ty kiem Ira, danh gia nang lyc de ty dieu chinh d timg giai doan nham dat dugc muc tieu dat d miic dp cao nhat * Tdc ddng den khd ndng ldm viec ddc lap vd hgp tdc v&i ngu&i khde Trong day hgc Dia H, hge tap vdi GTDT doi hdi SV phai chu ddng hoan loan ve tien dp hpc tap cua minh Khi xay dyng GTDT, GV da xac dinh ro muc lieu va nhiem vu can hoan d timg giai doan va ca hpc phan De hoan cac nhiem vu dd, SV phai tu than nd lyc yong viec tim kiim tai lieu, xay dyng ki hoach hpc lap, ddng thdi phai chii ddng viec hgp tac vdi ban be, trao ddi vdi GV, lam viec nhom, lam dy an Trong qua trinh nd lyc hoan nhiem vy ban than mdi SV se phat triin dugc nang lyc lam viee ca nhan va hgp tae vdi ngudi khac (ban be, GV ) * Tdc dgng den thdi hgc tap cua sinh vien Thai dp hgc tap la trang thai tam 11 cua SV dugc cau bdi yiu t6: nhan thiic, xiie cam - tinh cam va hanh vi Thai hgc tap chiu tac ddng bdi Sd 9(75) ndm 2015 nhan td gia dinh, nha trudng va nhan thiic eua ban than ngudi hpc CJ bac dfii hpc, nhan td lac ddng manh me nhat den thai dp hpc tap cua SV ehinh la mdi trudng hpc tap va nhan thiic ciia ban than GTDT tao mdi trudng hpc tap mpi liic, mpi noi Dac biet vdi cdng cu dac trung la sieu lien ket (Hyperlink), GTDT giiip ngudi hpc ed the lien ket den bat cii noi dau ma cdng nghe Internet cho phep, ngudi hpc de dang tim kiem cac thdng tin ma hg can ngi dung giao trinh va ca nhimg thdng tin md rpng tir mang Internet Mdi trudng hpc tap thoai mai, Ihdng tin tim kiem de dang giup ngudi hgc ty tin hon vao nang lyc eua ban than, nhan thiic tich cue hon ve nganh nghe eiia minh dang theo dudi 4.4 Xdy d^ng vd sir dung GTDT phuc vu dgy hpc theo hu&ng phdt trien nang Iuc tuhgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dja li a Thuc trgng sic dung gido trinh diin tic dgy hgc vd dgy hgc Dia li (khdo sdt tgi Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha) Ket qua khao sat tir co sd dir lieu cua Trung tam hgc lieu - Trudng DH Cin Tho din thang 02 nam 2015 cho thay Trung tam dang luu trii 706 GTDT cua cac khoa/vien/bp mdn/trung tam (gpi chung la khoa) Hlu hit GTDT dugc xay dyng dudi dang PDF, khoa Su pham chiem sd lugng nhieu nhat vdi 200 giao trinh Tuy nhien, cae cac giao trinh chu yeu dugc su dung vdi vai tro la tai lieu tham khao ma khdng phuc vu trye tiip di td chiic day hge Khao sat ve cac khda hge tryc tryc tuyin tren he thdng quan li day hgc tryc tuyin DOKEOS cua Trudng DH Cin TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Tho cho thay s6 lugng khda hpc dugc td chiie tren he thdng len den 1478 d ca bac cao hpe va dai hpc Trong do, Khoa Kinh le va Quan tri kinh doanh la khoa cd sd lugng khda hpe tryc tuyen nhieu nhat vdi 554 khoa, Khoa Su pham xep thii tu tren tdng sd 16 khoa Tuy nhien, sd lugng GTDT dugc xay dyng de phuc vu tryc tiep cho cae khoa hpe chi la 317, chiem 21,4% tong sd khda hpc Khao sat cung cho thay, cac GTDT phan Idn dugc xay dung dudi dang PFD, chuyen tir giao trinh in sang dien tir Cac giao trinh chua dam bao dugc yeu cau giup SV ty hpc hieu qua dan den chat lugng day hge vdi GTDT chua cao Khoa Su pham hien cd 10 bp mdn, rieng bO mdn Su pham Dja li cd 17/200 GTDT dugc luu trir d Trung tam hgc lieu va 11/152 khda hpc dugc td chuc tren he lh6ng DOKEOS, chiim lln lugt la 8,5% va 7,2% sd lugng GTDT va khda hpc Le Vdn Nhuffng tryc tuyen ciia Khoa Qua dd cd thi khing dinh, mac dii da cd mot sd GV xay dyng va sir dung GTDT day hpc Dia li nhung s6 lugng va ti Ie vin chua cao so vdi mat blng chung ciia Trudng va Khoa, la chua xet vi khia chit lugng va miic dp sir dung Thyc trang tren doi hdi phai cd nhung nghien ciiu quy cii ve viec xay dyng va sir dung GTDT day hpc Dia li, giiip nang cao hieu qua sir dung GTDT nhlt ia sir dung de phat trien nang lyc ty hgc cho SV b Xdy dung GTDT phuc vu dgy hgc cho SV Su phgm Dia li theo hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc tu hgc * Su cdn thiit phdi xdy dung GTDT phuc vu dgy hgc Dja li & bdc Dgi hgc Khao sal 100 SV Su pham Dia li nam thii hai, ba va tu ve kenh ty hgc mang lai hieu qua hgc tap, ket qua thu dugc nhu sau: Bdng 4.1 Mice t^c hoc v&i cdc kenh hd trg cua sinh vien Suphgm Dia li Kenh tu* hoc Bai giang tren giay cua giao vien Giao trinh dien tu Sach ttr trung tam hgc lieu Truang Cac bao va tgp chi chuyen nganh Mang xa hoi Internet Thirtmg xuyen 65 84 66 57 68 72 Mirc tu- hoc (%) Thinh Khong thoang thu'ong xuyen 13 22 13 16 18 39 26 24 (Kit qud Ichdo sdt tal Khoa Supham, Trudng BH Cdn Tha, thdng 4/2014 n=lOO) 145 TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd 9(75) ndm 2015 Nhu vay, cd den 84% SV Su pham Dia li ty hgc thudng xuyen vdi GTDT, sd cao hon nhieu so vdi bai giang tren giay (65%) va eae lai lieu in khac nhu: sach tir trung tam hpc lieu Trudng (66%) va bao, tap chi chuyen nganh (57%) Nhu vay, tai lieu in khdng cdn dugc nhieu SV lya chpn de ly hpc nhu tai lieu so Neu phoi hgp giira GTDT vdi mang Internet (LMS, Webquest, thu vien tryc tuyin ) thi hieu qua day hgc mang lai cdn eao hon Dieu dugc ehiing minh qua ti le SV lya chgn mang Internet ndi chimg va mang xa hpi ndi rieng lam kenh ty hpc thudng xuyen cho minh vdi ti le lln lugt la 72% va 68% dugc xay dyng va chay tren trinh duyet web vdi cdng cu quan trpng nhat la cac sieu lien kit Cac bai hpc ed dp dai va thdi lugng phii hgp (khoang din trang) di SV khdng cam thay nang ni Ben canh dd, can chu y: + Mau sac cua GTDT phai nhe nhang, hai hda Chii viet phai can doi, ggn gang Hinh anh, video phai rd net, cd ngi dung phii hgp, dam bao tinh giao due Cae video minh hpa cho ngi dung thudng khdng qua phiit, video thi nghiem va GV giang bai thi co thS d^ hon Can bd tri trang tra curu cac thult ngii xuat hien giao trinh d noi de tim kiem nhat Cung tir cugc khao sat tren, da sd sinh vien chpn dia diem ty hpc la d nha hoac phdng trp (89%) va chi ty hgc dugc GV giao nhiem vu (92%) Ket qua ciing vdi dieu kien hau het sinh vien da dugc trang bi may tinh ca nhan co ndi mang Internet thi cdng cu thich hgp nhat cho SV ty hgc chinh la GTDT Tuy nhien, de viec ty hpc cua SV dat hieu qua cao, GTDT phai dugc xay dyng cho thdi gian va cudng hoat dgng ty hgc cua SV phai nhieu hon thdi gian len ldp + Can phdi hgp van ban vdi kenh hd trg nhu anh, ban do, video, so do, d nhiing phan can thiet + Cac bai tap, bai kiem tra, bai trac nghiem nen bd tri theo timg chuong, timg chCi de hoae bai tdng hgp, theo dp kho khac - Ve noi dung: phai day dii, chi tiet it nhat nhu giao trinh dang an pham Ben canh can dap iing eac yeu cau sau: + Md dau giao trinh phai cd phan npi dung hoac video gidi thieu chuong trinh mdn hpc Npi dung hoac video phai chiia cac thdng tin co ban de SV de dang dang ki hpc phan va lap ke hoach hge tap nhu: sd tin ehi, thdi gian md va ket thiic hpc phan, sd lugng eac chuong, muc tieu va nhiem vu dau ra, yeu cau v£ kiem tra danh gia, lai lieu can tham khao, + DIU mdi chuong cd sy hudng din cua giao vien, eudi chuong co tdm tit va nhan manh nhihig ndi dung chii yeu can * Yiu cdu ve noi dung vd hinh thirc ciia GTDT dugc xdy dung theo hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc tu hgc cho SV Su phgm Dia li De dam bao hieu qua viec td chuc day hgc theo hudng phat triin nang lyc ty hge cho SV Su pham Dia li, mdt GTDT dugc xay dyng phai dap irng cac yeu clu ve hinh thiic lan ngi dung nhu sau [1]: Vi hinh thuc: Cac GTDT thudng 146 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Le Vdn Nhuang ndi dung moi bai hpc nhu giao nam viing chuong va neu each lam trinh in, tac gia liet ke chi tiit ten cac cac loai bai tap, bai thyc hanh phim, arih, ban do, bieu do, cac cdng cu chuong Cin chii y tang cudng va phdi tuong tae va hd trg cin thiit di hoan tit hgp hinh anh, ban dd, bieu dd, video, ngi dung bai hpc vdi van ban mpt each hgp li de khdng lam rdi npi dung Trong cac bai hpc, cung Bu&c Thu thgp tu lieu: Cong cin CO cae eau hdi hoac hudng dan tu hgc viec quan trpng hang dau sau lap ke de SV nam dugc ngi dung tam ciia hoaeh la thu thap cac tai lieu can thiet bai eho viec xay dung giao trinh Ddi vdi GTDT "Khoa hpc Trai Dat", tae gia da + Kit thiic GTDT cd phln tdm tit chgn igc thdng tin, so lieu, bieu d6 tir cac npi dung kien thdc va cd the nSu nhihig tai lieu chinh thuc ciia nha xuSt ban Giao ldi khuyen cua GV ddi vdi SV xong due, nha xuat ban DH Su pham, ; eac GTDT hinh anh, video chii yiu dugc chpn lpc tir * Quy trlnh xdy dung GTDT theo hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc tu hoc cho trang web chinh thiic cua NASA (http://www.nasa.gov), trang youtube eiia sinh vien Suphgm Dia li NASA va trang Thu vien Val li Khi xay dyng GTDT can xac dinh rO rang cac nhiem vu theo mpt quy trinh (http://thuvienvatly.eom) Tir cac ngudn tai lieu da cd, tac gia da sii dung phln sau: xac dinh muc tieu va lap ki hoach, mim xii li anh (photoshop, paintnet, ) thu thap tu lieu, xay dyng giao trinh, sii de them hoae bdt cac chi tiet can thiet va dung va cap nhat giao trinh phln mim xii li phim (Total video covert, Bu&c Xdc dinh muc tieu vd lap Proshow Gold, ) de chuyen dinh dang, ki hogch: Trudc het, can xac djnh ro xay elt hoac ghep de eo dugc doan phim phii dyng GTDT di t6 chirc day hpc theo hgp vdi npi dung ciia moi bai hpc Mdt hudng phat trien nang lyc cho SV Su luu y nhd nhimg rit quan trpng pham Dia li Dya tren muc tieu da xac qua trinh thu thap tu lieu giiip GV mat dinh, GV cin gidi han ndi dung giao Mnh thdi gian tiin hanh xay dyng GTDT de phil hgp vdi ddi tugng sinh vien nam la cac nguon tai lieu, thdng tin phai dugc Nhlt, nam Hai, nam Ba hoac nam Tu va phan loai theo chii de va ghi chu ngudn lap mpt ki hoach chi tiet de hoan di truy van can thiet cdc npi dung Chlng ban, xay dyng GTDT "Khoa hpe Trai Dat" di td Bu&c Xdy dung gido trinh: Dya chiic day hgc cho SV nSm Hai, tac gia da tren ki hoach da lap va nhiing tu lieu thu chia ndi dung giao b-inb chuong thap dugc, GV se tiin hanh lln lugt cac (Trdi Ddt Vd Tru vd He Mat Tr&i, cong viec sau: Cdc dgc trung ca bdn ciia Trdi Ddt, Van + Lua chgn ngdn ngir: Vi§c lya dgng cua Trdi Ddt, Cdc hgp phdn ciia ehpn ngon ngii cung nhu phan mim ho Trdi Bdt, Cdc quy ludt chung cda Trdi trg ngdn ngii phu thuoc vao nang lue sir Ddt) vdi hon 20 bai hpc Sau da hoan dung cdng nghe thdng tin va yeu cau ve TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Sd 9(75) ndm miic dp sii dung GTDT day hpc Co nhieu ngdn ngir dugc sir dung viec xay dung cac trang GTDT dudi dang sieu lien kit nhung cd hai dang phd bien hien la HTML va PHP Phln m i m hfi trg ngdn ngir cung rat da dang, GV co t h i lya chgn Microsoft Frontpage, Adobe Acrobat Dreamweaver, Web Studio Antenna, Joomla Khi thiit ke cac trang cua GTDT "Khoa hgc Trai Dlt", tac gia da lya ehpn ngdn ngir la HLML vdi phln m i m hd tro la Web Studio Antenna bdi phln m i m d i su dung va ed day du cac cong cu ho trg -I- Thiet ki sa dd cdu true ciia gido trinh: Day la giai doan giup GV co cai nhin tong quat nhlt v i nhiing cdng viec minh se lam So dd cau tnic the hien tinh khoa hgc cua mdt giao trinh, nd phai phu hgp vdi muc tieu da dat va phu thugc rat Idn vao viec phan doan npi dung giao trinh Cd the tham khao so dd ciia GTDT "Khoa hpc Trai Dat" dugc tac gia gidi thieu dudi day: Gidi thieu, yeu cau, npi dung, tai lieu tham khao, bai t|ip,.- Trang Dang nhap Trang Gidi thieu 2015 Chuong -+ Chuong Trang Cac chuong Chuong Trang Tai lieu TK Trang Thuat ngir On tap, kiem tra Gidi thi$u, yeu cau, npi dung, tai lieu tham khao, bai t$p, Gidi thieu, yeu cau, noi dung, tai lieu tham khao, bai tap, >^ Cac d^ng bai tpp ty lu§n va trac nghiem khach quan, ggi y,., Hinh 4.1 Sa web cho viec xdy dung GTDT "Khoa hgc Trdi Ddt" (Luu y: Mdi trang cua GTDT cung cdn duac thiet ke sa dd chi tiet vi ndi dung, Hit ke cdc hinh dnh, video, cdu hdi tdi lieu tham khdo cdn sic dung Cdc bdi hgc the hien dugc muc tieu cua bdi hgc, xdc dinh dugc nhicng kien thuc trgng tdm vd kien thuc md rdng xdc dinh cdc thudt ngir quan trgng vd thudt ngir cd lien quan, sdp xep cdc dan vi kien thicc theo mgt trinh tu hap li, xdy dung md hinh cdu triic ndi dung, xdc dinh thai gian hodn thdnh viec tu hgc, ) + Sic dung cong cu thiit ke web vd cdng cu ho trg hodn thien ngi dung GTDT: Day la giai doan sir dung cac cdng cu tin hpc de thiet ke ndi dung va quyit dinh hinh thiic hoat dpng cho mot GTDT De giao trinh phat huy toi da hieu qua day hgc Dia li theo hudng phat trien nang lyc, ben canh eac eong cu lap 148 trinh va thiet ke web nhu da neu d phan lya ehgn ngdn ngii, tae gia da sir dung tdng hgp cac cong cu xOr li anh, phim, bd Microsoft Office, cdng cu tao eau hoi trac nghiem, + Gidng dgy vd ddnh gid gido trlnh: Giang day thu nghiem la budc Idt nhlt d i danh gia hieu qua ciia giao trinh TAP CHi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Thdng qua cac bang cau hdi tryc tiep cho SV va qua thdng ke tir LMS, GV cd thi danh gia nhihig uu va nhugc diem ciia giao trinh tir cd nhimg dieu chinh phii hgp Qua qua trinh td chuc day hpc vdi cac GTDT "Khoa hge Trai Dlt", "Ban dd hgc" tac gia da nhan dugc nhiiu y kiin danh gia ciia SV nhu: cac doan phim thiiu phu di tiing Viet, mot sd anh bi mit lien kit, mdt sd cau hdi trie nghiem thieu thdng tin phan hoi (feedback), Tir cac danh gia phan hdi nay, tac gia da chpn lpc va tien hanh dieu chinh di hoan thien npi dung cac GTDT, lam cho cac giao trinh eang phii hgp hon vdi nhu cau ty hpe ciia SV Su pham Dia li Bu&c Su dung vd cap nhdt gido trinh: Chi tiet phuong phap sir dung GTDT day hgc Dia li theo hudng phat triin nang lyc ty hge dugc chimg tdi gidi thieu d muc c ben dudi Trong qua trinh su dung, ben c^nh viec chgn lpc eac y kien ciia SV ve hinh thiic, npi dung GV cd the tu minh phat hien nhihig van de ton tai eua GTDT de cap nhat cho phil hgp vdi tinh hinh thyc te Mdt sd ndi dung cLia giao trinh se bi lac hau theo thdi Le Van Nhugng gian, vi vay GV can nhanh chong cap nhat thdng tin di giao yinh mang tinh thdi su hon Thdi gian cap nhat t6t nhlt la sau mdi khda hpc Niu dam bao tdl cdng viec chinh sua va c$p nhat, chi sau vai khoa hpc GV se cd dugc mdt GTDT khdng chi dep ve hinh thiic ma phong phli, hieu qua vi npi dung Chlng han, GTDT "Khoa hpc Trai Dlt" da dugc chiing tdi cap nhat thudng xuyen vi hinh thuc nhu: thay ddi mau sic theo hudng nhe nhang hem, xii li lai cac anh ro va dep hon, va npi dung nhu: bo sung cac hinh anh, video mdi tir trang web cua NASA, thay ddi eac doan phim khdng phii hgp ve sd lugng cac hanh tinh He Mat Trdi c Sir dung GTDT dgy hgc Dia litheo hu&ng phdt trien ndng luce tue hgc GTDT cd the sii dung dudi hinh thiic: sii dung tren ldp gidng nhu giao trinh in nhung d dang tap tm dien tir (offlme) hoac sir dung de to chuc day hgc true luyen qua LMS (online) Su khae biet sii dung GTDT dudi hinh thiic dugc the hien qua bang 4.2 ben dudi Bang 4.2 Su khde biet giica sic dung GTDT offline vd online Su khde biet Gido trlnh su dgng offline Sir dung tryc ti6p tren cac thiit bi Hinh thirc luu trii nhu: ciing may tinh, USB, sii dung dia CD, DVD Chi CO kha nang sii dyng di tuong Tuong tac tac hai chiiu: giiia GTDT vdi SV Khong cho phep md rpng cac lien Md rgng tim kit ngoai de tim kiem thong tin kiem thong can thiit tin Gido trinh su dung online Su dung tren mgi may tinh co ket noi mang Internet Co kha nang tuong tac da chieu: giiia GTDT vdi SV, SV vdi GV va cac SV khac Cho phep md rpng kha nang tim kiem thdng tin td cac lien ket ngoai da dugc GV thiit kifrongGTDT 149 TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 9(75) ndm 2015 GV su dung de td chiic day hpc tryc tiep tren ldp nhung bi han che To chiic day viec sir dung mdt so phuong hpc phap day hpc nhu: Webquest, kham pha Sii dung chil yeu de SV ty on tap, kiem tra kien thiic da hpc Kiem tra, danh gia Tuy nhien, dii sii dung dudi hinh thuc nao thi muc tieu quan trpng nhat eiia GTDT van la phat trien nang lyc ty hpe cho SV Mudn vay, GV can dam bao: GTDT dugc sir dung de to chiic day hpc cho mpt hpe phan nao dd thi nd phai dugc xem nhu tai lieu chinh thuc cua hgc phan do; Cac bai hpc phai tap trung chu yeu vao cac boat dpng ty hpc ciia SV: Dpc tai lieu, thao luan, bao cao cac van de da chuan bj, giai quyet cac tinh hudng nhan thiic va thye tien, thyc hien dy an - Tao dugc tinh hudng cd vin di nham kich thich tinh tich cyc tu ciia SV Ddng thdi phai chuan bj mgt he thdng cau hdi nhim khoi day tu ciia cac em; Chuan bi mdt he thong bai tap va nhiem vy hgc tap nham td chiic boat dgng tu hpc hieu qua Dya vao trinh dp nhan thiie ciia SV va dieu kien lam viec thyc ti ciia nha trudng, GV cd the chgn cho' minh phuong phap day hgc phu hgp nhlt nhim phat huy t6i da nang lyc ty hpe cua SV Dudi day la mdt sd phuong phap day hgc ma chiing tdi da ap dyng de giang day hpc phln Khoa hgc Trdi Ddt cho SV Su pham Dia li nam thir Hai t^i Khoa Su 150 GV cd the su dung td chuc day hpc tryc tiep tren ldp hoac qua LMS Cd the to chitc lot cac phucmg phap day hpc nhung SV khong thi hien cam xiic, bieu thi thai dp Ngoai viec giiip SV ty on tap, GV co the su dung LMS de to chiic hau het cac hoat dpng danh gia tir thudng xuyen cho din long ket pham, Trudng DH Can Tho Hgc phan dugc giang day ket hgp tren ldp va he thong day hpc trye tuyen DOKEOS GV chi hudng dan mgt sd van de cin thiet tren ldp, cac hoat dpng day, hpe va kiem tra danh gia deu dugc tien hanh qua LMS * Phuomg phdp thdo thudn (Seminar) Phuong phap thao luan dugc tien hanh tren eong eu "Dien dan" va "Dien dan nhdm" ciia LMS Neu thye hien tren ldp, GV cung lien hanh tuong tu nhung cae y kiin se dugc trao ddi true tiip Chii de trao ddi dugc GV chuan bi trudc va hudng dan SV thyc hien Mdi chu de thao luan cd the diln lir den gid tren he thdng LMS, tuong iing den tiet hpc tren ldp Yeu cau eo ban ddi vdi SV tham gian eae budi thao luan la phai ehuan bi trudc nhiing van de can thac mac va thir dua hudng giai quyet, doi vdi ngudi hudng dan thao l u ^ la kien thiie phai dii rdng, bao triim van de thao luan Mdt so chu de dugc chiing tdi sir dung GTDT giang day hpc phln Khoa hgc Trdi Dat nhu: "Trdi Ddt va tru", "Miia tren Trdi Ddt", "Thuy triiu vd hiin tugng l$ch triiu" Cac chu di thudng dugc tiin hanh TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Li Van Nhuffng I budi va trai qua giai doan: chudn bi (thdng bao nhiing viee can lan, nhiem vu eua timg vien tham gia va thdi gian cho buoi thao luan), tien hdnh thdo ludn (neu van de, ddng gdp y kiSn, tranh luan va phat trien y tudng) va tdng ket, ddnh gid * Phuang phdp Dgy hgc neu vdn di (Problem - Based Learning) Phuong phap day hpc neu van de dugc thyc hien kha gidng vdi phuong phap thao luan Tuy nhien, cac vin di dua s6 lam cho ngudi hgc phat hien rang hg can cd mgt sd tri thiic mdi trudc hg giai quyet van de va qua yinh CO gang giai quyet van de hp se chifim ITnh dugc npi dung tri thiic mdi, cac kT nang xuc tien cdng viee va cac kT nang ty hpc ciing dugc phat trien [7] tren su ddng gdp tich eye cua timg SV thdng qua cong eu "Nhdm" va "Dien dan" eua LMS hoac cac budi lam vipc nhdm dugc GV giao nhiem vu Day hgc hgp tac ddi hoi ket hgp nhiiu yiu td: trach nhiem ca nhan, phan chia nhdm, cac kT nang giao tiep, danh gia qua trinh hgp tac, tien hanh cac hoat ddng tuong tac * Phucmg phdp dgy hgc hgp tdc (Cooperative Learning) D?y hgp t^c dugc lien hanh dya phat triin nang luc tu hpe vdi GTDT nhu: ty doe, lam viSc nhdm, lam bai tap thuc hanh De SV ty on tap npi dung kien thiie ciia chuong Trdi Ddt Vii tru, SV dugc chia 11 nhom tuong iing 11 chii de bd tri d phan dn tap cudi chuong ciia GTDT Cac chu de gom: Vii try, Thien ha, He Mat Trdi, Cac hanh tinh, Cac ve tinh, Vanh dai tieu hanh tinh, Thien thach va Sao Choi, Cac hgc thuyet ve ngudn gdc Vii try va Trai Dat, Van dgng tu quay ciia Trai Dat va He qua, Chuyen ddng quanh Mat Trdi cua Trdi De SV tu hgc n6i dung kien thiic ve Dat va he qua, Hanh tinh ddi Ggi y ve "su phan chia mui gid, dudng ddi npi dung can tim hieu va cac cdng viec quoc te", GV d^t van de nhu sau: "Trdi ddt quay tic Tdy sang Dong Dodn can lam se dugc GV dua ra, cac tau ciia Magellan di ve phia Tdy, vd hinh vien nhom se ty phan cong nhiem dung hg da choi trd "dudi bdt Mat trai" vu de hoan npi dung dugc giao GV cd the ehpn ngau nhien hoac mdt Dodn tdu di gdn ndm, mdi ddi them J, phut, cdng lai ndm dung vai vien cua mdi nhdm de trinh bay bdng J ngdy Mdt ngdy ki la dd ldng le kit qua ciia minh trudc ldp Neu qua hS th6ng LMS, GV se theo ddi qua trinh lam bien mdt chuyen di cua dodn tdu viec cua cac nhdm, thdi gian hoan Tgi lai cd ngdy bi dn dd? " Tir van cdng viee ehinh la co sd di danh gia timg de dugc neu, SV van dung nhiing tri thiie nhdm va so sanh giQa eac nhdm da hpc vi He qua ehuyen ddng cua Trai * Cdc phuang phdp khac Dlt va kiin thiic ty tim hieu tir giao trinh, sach, bao, Internet de giai thich sy Ngoai cac phuong phap da neu, chenh lech ngay, gid giiia doan tham chimg tdi cdn su dung mgt so phuong hiim va dia phuong phap khac de td chiie day hpc theo hudng TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Ket luan Giao trinh dien tii la ngudn tai lieu hpc tap rat hieu qua de phat trien nang luc ty hpc cho SV Su pham Dia li Giao trinh dien tir vira giup SV phat trien cac kl nang ty hpc vira tao cho SV ddng co hpc tap dung dan va thai hgc tap tich cue Trong thdi dai ma cong nghe thdng tin phat trien nhu vii bao, khdi lugng kien thiic tang theo cap sd nhan va de bi loi thdi, GTDT ket hgp vdi he thong quan li day hpe tryc tuyen da dap iing dugc nhiing yeu cau mdi ciia giao due d bac dai hpc - Yeu cau day hpe phat trien S6 9(75) ndm 2015 nang lyc, nhlt la nang lyc ty hgc Xay dyng mdt GTDT tieu tdn kha nhieu thdi gian va cdng siic cua GV De CO dugc mpt GTDT t6t, ben canh kiin thiic chuyen mdn tdt, GV can co nhiing kT nang tin hgc can thiet Viec lua chpn cae cdng eu thieh hgp de xay dyng GTDT se quyet dinh rat Idn den hieu qua day hgc ciia giao trinh Tuy cd nhOng kho khan nhat dinh, nhung hieu qua day ma GTDT mang lai la rat Idn Do do, viec xay dyng va sir dung GTDT day hgc, nhat la day hge d bae DH se la mpt lya chpn phu hgp eho tuong lai TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2009), Trang e-book dugc phdt triin b&i Edusoft Team, www.ebook.edu.vn Bp Giao due va Dao t^o (2014), Tdi li$u tap hudn ve td chicc dgy hgc vd kiem tra ddnh gid theo hu&ng phdt triin ndng luc Trinh Quoc Lap (2008), "Phat trien nang lyc ty hpc hoan canh Viet Nam", Tgp chi Khoa hgc Truang Dgi hgc Cdn Tha, sd 10, tt 169-177 Luu Xuan Mdi (2001), "Phuong phap day hpc dai hpc", Nxb Giao due Ha Npi Nguyen Thi Xuan Thiiy (2012), "Ren luyen kT nang ty hpc cho sinh vien dap iing yeu cau dao tao theo hpc che tin chi", Tgp chi Gido due, Sd d$c biet thang nam 2012, Ha Npi Nguyin Canh Toan (1997), "Qua yinh d^y - ty hpc", Nxb Giao due Ha Ngi Thai Duy Tuyen (2008), "Phuong phap day hpc truyin thing va d6i mdi", Nxb Giao due Ha Noi (Ngdy Tda soan nh$n dirge bdi: 07-3-2015 ngdy phin bian ddnh gid: 23-7-2015; ngdy ch6p nhdn ddng: 24-9-2015) 152 ... thiic tich cue hon ve nganh nghe eiia minh dang theo dudi 4.4 Xdy d^ng vd sir dung GTDT phuc vu dgy hpc theo hu&ng phdt trien nang Iuc tuhgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dja li a Thuc trgng sic dung gido... thirc ciia GTDT dugc xdy dung theo hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc tu hgc cho SV Su phgm Dia li De dam bao hieu qua viec td chuc day hgc theo hudng phat triin nang lyc ty hge cho SV Su pham Dia li, mdt... GTDT nhu sau: Theo dinh dgng, cd GTDT d cac dang file word, pdf, html, aps, php, 77760 mice tuang tdc: GTDT tuong tac mpt chieu, hai chieu va da chieu Theo chuyen ngdnh, GTDT xay dyng theo cac ehuyen