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• Gido due Dao lao TANG CtTdNG GIAO DUC LI LUAN CHINH TRI LA YEU CAU CAP THIET DOI yen DOI NGU CAN B O , D A N G VIEN TS VAN THI THANH MAI ''''*» ThS V''''U VAN TUAN ''''"'''' Tom tdt Nhdn thuc sdu sdc vi gido dg[.]
• Gido due - Dao lao TANG CtTdNG GIAO DUC LI LUAN CHINH TRI LA YEU CAU CAP THIET DOI yen DOI NGU CAN B O , D A N G V I E N TS VAN THI THANH MAI '*» ThS V'U VAN TUAN '"' Tom tdt: Nhdn thuc sdu sdc vi gido dgc li ludn chinh tri Id mpt nhiing nhdn to quan trpng Cong tdc ndy khong chi trang bi tri thuc, nguyen li co bdn cua Chu nghia Mdc Linin, tu tucmg Ho Chi Minh, gdp phdn hinh thdnh the giai quan, nhdn sinh quan khoa hpc vd li tudng cdch mgng, md cdn giup cho dpi ngd cdn bp, ddng vien ren luyen ban linh chinh tri,^ tu dudng dgo due cdch mgng, thong nhdty chi vd hdnh dpng, hodn thdnh tot nhipm vu md To qudc vd nhdn ddn giao.^Ngay tic chudn bi thdnh Igp Bdng Cpngsdn^ Viet Nam cho din Ddng tra thdnh ddng cdm quyen Ho Chi Minh dgc bipt quan tdm din vdn de ndy^ Theo N^&i, gido due li lugn chinh tri Id mpt khdu quan trpng, nhiem vu thudng xuyen, thiet thi^c de xdy dgng dpi ngu cdn bp, ddng viin vica xiing ddng la ngudi lanh dgo, vica la ngudi ddy td trung thdnh cda nhdn ddn Tw khda: gido d{ic li lugn chinh tri; cdn bp, ddng viin "Khong CO li luan each menh, thi khdng CO each menh vgn dpng" Nhan thtic sdu sdc quan diem: "Khdng cd ly luan cich mfnh, thi khdng cd cich mfnh van ddng Chi cd theo ly ludn each mfnh tien phong, dang cdch mfnh mdi lam ndi traeh nhifm cdch mfnh tien phong"'" vd gan Ii ludn vdi thyc tien Id mgt nhiing nhin td quan tigng de dgi ngii cdn bd, dang vien cua Ddng hodn thdnh tdt nhifm vu md Td •' Ban Tuyen giao Trung ucmg "'Hoe vien Ky thu^t quan sy qu6c va nhdn din giao phd Trong qud trinh vgn ddng thinh Igp Ddng, lanh ty Nguyin Ai Qudc da chil tipng cdng tdc gido dye li lugn chinh tri, cy thi la gidng day nhung nguySn li CO ban ciia Chu nghTa Mic - LSmn tgi ldp Hudn luyfn chinh tri d Qudng Chiu cho nhirng nien Vift Nam yeu nude Xuat phdt tir dilu kifn cy till cua Vift Nam, tit duge thdnh ldp Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam da Idy Chii nghia Mic - Lenin ldm cdt, van dyng sang tao nhung nguyen li ciia Chu nghia Mdc - Lenin vdo cdng tdc xdy dyng Ddng, xdy dung df i ngu cdn bd, ddng vien; da ldm Khoa hoc chfnh tn - S6' 6/2018 • Gido due - Dao tgo cho li lugn Mac - Lenin thdm nhap vao quin chiing, "an sdu, ben rd", td ro siic sdng bin viing vd duge bd sung, phdt triln phu hgp vdi dilu kifn ey thi ciia Viet Nam, tid thdnh "lyc lugng v§t chdt" to Idn Dilu ndy gdp phdn quan tipng lam cho Ddng "khdng nhihig da gidnh duge quyen lanh dgo each mgng cd nude, md cdn giu vung duge quyin lanh dao tien mpi ITnh vye"^^' vd lanh dgo nhin dan ta tiln hdnh thdng Igi cufc each mgng giai phdng din tf e miia Tbu nam 1945, sdng lip Nhi nude Vift Nam Ddn chii Cdng hda Tra thdnh ding cim quyen, ddm nhifm tipng tiach lanh dao nhdn ddn xdy dyng chl dp xa bgi mdi, kien dinh myc tieu dpc lip dan tde vd chit nghia xa hdi, dgi ngu cdn bd, dang vien eua Ddng bdng ngdy, hdng gio phdi ddi difn vdi khdng it nguy ca, thdch tiiiic Bdi canh, nhifm vy, quy ludt cua thdi ki mdi khic vdi nhung nam thang tiln hdnh cuge dau ttanh gidnh chinh quyen, dl hodn tipng trach viia Id ngudi lanh dgo, vira la ngudi day td trung cua nhin ddn, ddi bdi mdi cdn bg, ding vidn phai no lye hge tap, ndng cao trinh dp Ii ludn, chuyen mdn, nghifp vy va ren luyfn dgo diie each mgng Theo Ho Chi Minh, mudn khang dinh vd giii vung vi thi eua mpt ddng cam quyin, "ddi hdi Ddng ta phdi ty ndng cao minh Idn niia, md mudn ty nang eao minh thi phdi td chiie hge tap ly lugn tiong todn Ding, trudc hit Id can bp cdt edn eiia Ddng"'^' vdi tinh than "ciu hpc, cdu tien bd" Li lugn khoa hge ma Ngudi nam viing, vgn dyng mpt each sdng tgo vdo dieu kien cy the ciia Vift Nam vd ludn mong can bd, ddng vien duge trang bi, thdm nhudn chinh Id li lugn Mdc - Lenin: "Chii nghia Mic - Lenm neu ro hai dgc diem eiia hai giai dogn ttong qud trinh hilu biet Dac diem tiong giai dogn cao Id ly lugn Ly lu^n mdi gidi quylt duge vdn de bdn chdt Neu khong thyc hdnh thi khdng thi nao gidi quylt duge nhung van dl thilt thyc iy"''" "Ly luan sd di quan trpng nhu vdy Id vi nd dgy ta hanh dgng"**' Vi vdy, Hd Chi Minh khdng chi yeu eiu cin bd Khoa hpc chfnh tri - S6' 6/2018 ddng vidn phdi thudng xuyen tiau ddi, ndng cao ttinh dp li lu^ln, thdu trif t nguyen tie gan li luan vdi thyc tien, ma cdn phdi chdng gido dilu cung nhu bfnh hinh thirc tiong hgc tgp Chu nghia Mdc - LSnin vd van dyng li lugn ciia bpc thuyet cdch mgng, khoa hpe ndy Theo Hd Chi Minh, tiong ehien ttanh hay hda binh, li Man se giiip ngudi can bd, ddng vidn nam edi tinh than vd nguyen tac xir tri ddi vdi cdng vifc: "Ly ludn nhu cdi kim chi nam, nd chi phuang hudng cho chiing ta tiong cdng vifc thye tl Khong cd Iy ludn thi Iiing tiing nhu nhdm mdt ma di"'^'; "lim md khdng cd ly ludn thi khdng khac gi di md tiong dem tdi, vira chdm chgp viia hay vdp vap Co ly lugn thi mdi hieu duge mpi vifc xd hpi, phong tido de chu truang cho dung, ldm cho dung"''* Dac bift, khdng chi nhan manh tim quan tipng cua Ii Man, ydu cdu mdi can bd, ddng vien phii thudng xuyen hpc tip, ndng cao trinh dp li ludn, Hd Chi Minh cdn khdng dinh: "Thdng nhat giira Iy lugn v i thuc tien Id mpt nguyen tac can ban cua cbii nghia Mac - Lenin Thye tiln khong ed ly ludn hudng ddn tbi thdnh thyc tien mu quang Ly luan ma khdng ed lien hf vai thyc tiln Id ly lugn sudng"'^> Do do, Ngudi yeu eau, mdt mat, phdi chua cdi bfnh kem Ii ludn, khinh li Man vd li luan sudng, "phdi ddo sdu hieu ky, khdng tin mpt cdch mu quang tiing ciu mpt sdch, cd van dl chua thdng sudt tbi manh dan de vd thao Man cho vo le"'^' ; mat khac, "trong Iiic hpc tgp ly lugn, chiing ta cin nhdn mgnh; ly Man phdi lien hf vdi thuc td"''*"', "ly Man eot de dp dung vdo edng vifc thyc tl Ly Man ma khdng dp dyng vdo thuc tl Id ly ludn suing Du xem duge bdng ngan hang vgn quyen ly ludn, neu khdng biet dem thyc hdnh, thi khic nao mot eai hdm dyng sach"'"' Trong qua tiinh hpc tap li Man, moi can bp, ddng vien phii ed thdi dp cho diing; phdi khiem tdn, that thd vi "kiiu nggc, tg phu, tg mdn Id ke thii sd mpt cua hpc tgp; phdi ty nguyen, ty giac, khdng lui budc trude bdt ky kho khan nao tiong vife • Gido due - Ddo tgo hgc tap; phii neu cao tie phong dgc lap suy nghi vd ty tu tudng, tuyf t ddi khdng ndn nhdm mdt tuin theo sdch vd mgt each xudi chilu Phdi suy nghT chin chdn Phdi bdo vf chdn ly, phdi ed nguyen tdc tinh, khdng duge ba hoa, dilu hda Phdi doan kit giiip dd lin hge tap, manh dan phd binh vd thft thd tvc phe binh phai din ddn xdy dyng thai hpe tap thdnh mf t tic phong thudng xuyen tiong qua trinh hpc tgp"''^' Li Man ehinh tri ed vai tid v i tim quan tigng to 16n ciia nd ddi vai nhin thire va hdnh dgng cua mdi ca nhin ndi ridng vd sy phdt triln cua todn xa hdi ndi chung Li Man chinh trj mang tinh ddng, tinh giai cip, ddng thdi cd tinb khdi qudt hda, triiu tugng hda vd tinh dy bdo khoa hge eao Vi vdy, gido due li luan chinh tii, nhdt Id nghien ciiu, hgc tdp Chu nghTa Mic - Ldnin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, cdc van kien, chi thi, nghi quylt eiia Ddng, chinh sdch, phdp lugt cua Nhd nude, la nhifm vu thudng xuyen, bdng ngdy, eip thilt doi vdi dpi ngii can bp, ddng vien ciia Ddng Qua dd, khdng ngimg ndng cao bdn ITnh ehinh tii, nam bat chu truang, dudng Idi ciia Ddng, ehinh sdch, phdp lu^t eua Nha nude va van dyng cd hifu qua nhiing tri thiic li Man vdo viee gidi quylt nhirng van dl thyc tiln ddt Gido due H ludn chinh tri giup dpi ngu cdn bd, ddng vien ed tu khoa hpc, cd phuang phdp ldm vife bifn chumg; ed phuang thiic lanh dgo vd td chiic quin chiing thyc hifn nhifm vy chinh tti, phdt triln kinh tl, van hda, xa hpi phii hgp vdi quy Mat khdch quan Vdi y nghia dd, li Man ehinh ttj Id edm nang de ngudi can bg, ddng vien thim nhap, di sdu vdo quin chiing, gin din, hilu ddn vd trpng ddn, ttd thdnh ngudi lanh dao guong mdu, nguai dong hdnh tin cdy, ngudi cdng bgc tan tyy cua nhin din Ding thdi, thdng qua thyc tien khdch quan, kiem nghiem tii thiic, tu tudng, hdnh vi, cap nhdt, nam bat tinh hinh nude vd qudc te, de cdn bp chu dfng vd kip thdi hdnh dpng diing dan, gdp phdn hodn thdnh nhifm vy duge giao Li Man chinh ttj ed vai ttd quan ttpng tiong vife gido dye li Man chinh tti, xdy dyng nhin thiic diing dan vd niem tin vung chdc vdo li tudng cgng sdn, vao dudng vd bifn phdp Ddng Cgng san Vift Nam vgch dl kidn dinh myc tieu dpc lap din tpc vd chd nghia xa bfi Ddy la ydu cau vira cip bdch, vira thudng xuyen ddi vdi Ddng Ld ngudi ludn thong nhdt giiia Idi ndi vd viee ldm, gdn lien li ludn vdi thye tien, Hd Chi Minh da khdng ngiing hge hdi, ldm gidu tri thiie, vugt len loi tu kinh nghifm, cam tinh de ddn vdi li ludn khoa hpc; gan li luin vdi thyc tiln cdch mang Ngudi la tam guang sang, sdu sat thyc tiln, xudt phdt tir thuc tien dd de quyet sdch vd lanh dao, chi dao quin chimg nhdn ddn thuc hifn nhiem vy ciia cdch mgng Sy gan bd giiia 11 ludn vdi thye tien la dgc dilm ndi b|it tiong phong each tu Ho Chi Minh, thi hifn ro frong tu tudng va tam gucmg thyc hanh eua Ngudi Sy c^n thilt cua tSng cir&ng giao due h' lugn chinh tri cho df i ngu cdn bf, dang vi§n Hd Chi Minh khdng dinh: "Cdn bf Id nhirng ngudi dem chinh sdch ciia Dang, eua Chinh phii giii thich cho ddn chiing hilu ro vd thi hdnh Ddng thdi dem tinh hinh ciia dan chiing bdo cao cho Ddng, eho Chinh phu hilu rd, dd dat ehinh sdch cho diing Vi vdy, can bd Id cdi gdc cua mpi cdng vifc Vi vgy, hudn luyfn can bp Id cdng vifc goc ciia Ddng"''^*; edn bg, ddng vien nhat dinh phdi "hpc dl Idm vife, ldm nguai, Idm can bf Hgc de phung su Dodn thi, giai cdp vd nhdn ddn, Td qudc vd nhdn logi"'"''' Vi tbi, vife hgc tap li ludn chinh tri, nhat la li Man chii nghia Mac Lemn Id cdng vifc thudng xuyen, tit ylu, la nhifm vy md mpi can bd, ddng vidn phdi sire hgc tgp, trau ddi Tuy nhien, theo Ho Chi Minh, li luan Id rdt cdn thilt, "Id kim chi nam cho hdnh ddng each mang", nhung li ludn khdng phdi la li thuyet eiing nhdc, khd khan md ddy tinh sang tao; ludn duge b l sung bdng nhirng kit Man diie rut duge tii thye tiln sinh dfng, ndn can bd, ddng vien vd todn Ddng Khoa hoc chinh trj - So 6/2018 • Gido due - Ddo t phdi hoc Ii ludn, ndng eao trinh dp li luin vd gan li luan vdi thyc tiln Dl li ludn gdn v6i thyc tiln, tiieo H i Chi Minh, trude het phdi ndng cao trinh dg li lu^n, khde phuc bfnh kem li luan, bfnh khinh li lu^n, vi nhiing bfnh se ddn tdi kinh nghifm, tuyft doi hoa kinh nghifm, chii ngbia kinh nghifm Ngudi khdng dinh: "Ly Man cimg nhu cdi tdn (bode vien dgn) Thyc hanh cung nhu cdi dieh de bin Cd ten md khdng bdn, hogc bin lung tung, ciing nhu khdng ed ten"''*'; thyc tien khdng cd li Man hudng ddn thi thdnh thyc tiln mii quang Ll lugn md khdng lien hf vdi thye tidn Id li ludn sudng Vi vdy, can bp, ddng vien hge cimg nhu vgn dyng li Man phii ludn xudt phdt tii thyc tidn Thye te eho thiy, ed khdng it cdn bp, ddng vi6n nggi bgc li ludn Mdc - Ldnin, ludi hpe tap, qudn trift nghi quyet, ldm vifc chi dua vdo kinh nghifm, din tdi tuyft ddi hda kinh nghifm, cho kinh nghifm Id yen td quylt dinh thdnh cdng tiong hogt dgng thye tien That ra, dd Id nhung ngudi "cbi bo bo giii liy nhung kinh nghifm le te Hp khdng hilu rang ly lugn rdt quan tipng eho su thuc hdnh cdch mgng Vi vdy, hp cii cam ddu nham mat md Idm, khdng hieu rd todn cudc cua cdch mang""^ Quen rang, "kinh nghifm ciia hp My tot, nhung cung ching qua Id timg bp phan md thdi, chi thien ve mdt mat md thdi Co kinh nghifm md khdng cd ly lugn, ciing nhu mdt mat sdng, mgt mat md"'"' Nhiing ngudi dy thyc sy khdng hilu, thdm chi cd tinh khdng hieu vai ttd cua li lugn doi vdi thyc tien vd moi quan he chat che giiia li luin vi thyc tien Tii do, dii ed Idng nhift thdnh cdch mang, guong mau di dau vd tirng budc trudng tiong hoat ddng thye tien, song yeu k6m ve li Man, nhat Id nhiing nguyen Ii ciia Chii nghTa Mac - Lenin, khdng van dyng diing ddn Ii ludn cua hpe thuylt khoa hgc ndy tiong thuc tiln da khiln hg gap phdi khdng it khd khdn va liing hing xii Ii edng vifc Do trinh dg li lugn thip, khdng ed li luan hudng Khoa hoc chfnh tri - So 6/2018 ddn, nhat Id ldm vifc theo Idi kinh nghifm, diy edm tinh, da ddn din khong trdnh khoi sai lim, khuylt diem tiong qui trinh cong tdc cua mdt sd can bp, ddng vidn Ben cgnh dd, eiing ed khdng it ngudi coi li Man ndi chung, nghien ciiu, hpc t^p Chu nghTa Mac - Lenin noi rieng Id cdng vife cua lanh dgo cdp cao, cdc nhi li Man, cdn vdi hp, Ii Man Id cdi trihi tugng bd huge tu tudng, gd bd hanh dgng va khdng can thilt Ngugc lgi, ed nhung nguoi da tuyet ddi hda cdc nguyen H eiia hgc thuylt each mgng v i khoa hpc, coi d6 Id nhimg chdn Ii bat biln ttong tu eua minh vd roi vdo gido dilu, ehu quan y chi, hdnh ddng mgt each eiing nhdc, eye doan Theo Hd Chi Minh, nhirng biiu Men "thufc Idu Idu", "tim chuang trich cu", "chi hgc thupc long" li Man Mdc - Lenin hoac biet "dam ba chu", "kem Iy Man", "khinh ly Man", "ly lugn sudng" cua mdt bd phdn cdn bd, ddng vien diu chi ldm mdt di sy hip ddn va sire sdng ciia hge thuylt each mang vd khoa hgc vdn cd gid tri nhdn thiie vd edi tao cao ndy Bdi vl, Hd Cbi Minh nhin manh rdng, bpc tgp Chu nghia Mac - Lenin Id "phdi hpe tinh thdn ciia ehu nghia Mdc - Ldnin; hpc t^p lap trudng, quan diem vd phuong phdp cua chii nghia Mac - Lenin dl dp dyng lip trudng, quan diem va phuang phdp ay md gidi quyet eho tot nhirng van dd thye te cdng tac cdch mgng cua chung ta"''^' vd "bpc tgp chil nghTa Mac - Lenin Id hgc tap eai tinh than xir tri mpi viec, doi vdi mpi ngudi va ddi vdi bdn than minh; la hgc tgp nhirng chdn ly phd biln ciia chu nghTa Mae - Lenin dl dp dyng mdt cdch sdng tgo vdo hodn cdnh thye tl cua nude ta Hpc de md lam""" ehii khdng phdi va cing khdng nen coi Chu nghTa Mdc - Lenin Id nhung cong thiic cd sdn dl "hge thupc long" Nhdn thiic sau sdc tim quan trpng eua vife phdi khdng ngimg hpc tgp, ndng eao trinh dp li ludn vd Ii Man chinh trj Dang dd dae bift chii tigng edng tde gido dye li lugn chinh tri cho dgi ngii cdn bg, ddng vidn Ddng Idy Cbii 'Gido due -Ddo tgo nghTa Mdc - Lenin vd tu tudng Ho Chi Minh lam nen tdng tu tudng; dudng Idi, ehinh sdch cua Ddng vd Nhd nude la sy van dung sang tgo Chu nghTa Mdc - Lenin vd tu tudng cua Ngudi vdo thyc tien each mgng Vift Nam, nen cdc cdp iiy dang cin chii ttpng edng tde giao dye li Man chinh tri cho dgi ngu can bd, ddng vien Qua dd, nang cao tiinh dp Ii Man chinh tri tiong Dang, lam cho todn Ddng thdng nhdt mue tieu Ii tudng; khde phye mpi bieu hifn suy thoai tu tudng chinh tri, dao diic, Idi sdng vd giiip cho ddi ngu cdn bd, dang vien cd sy bieu biet sdu sac hon tri thiie Ii Man chinh trj, giu virng bdn ITnh chinh tii, kidn dinh myc tieu dpc lap dan tdc va chu nghia xa hpi; cung cd vd tang cudng niem tin vio Ii tudng cpng sin, gdp phin ty tin ban ttong cdng tie, hodn thinh tdt nMfm vy duge giao De khac phyc nhiing bieu Men ludi hpc li Man, trinh li Man eiia dpi ngii edn bd, ding vien td ehua tuang ximg vdi yeu cau v i nhiem vu eua thdi ki mdi, su gidm Slit mim tin cung nhung nhan thiic ma hd vl Chu nghTa Mic - Ldnin vd chii nghTa xd hgi, nhit Id viec: "Nhdn thiic sai Ifch ve y nghia, tim quan ttpng ciia ly ludn va hpc tap ly Man chinh tri; ludi hpc tgp chii nghTa Mae - Lenin, tu tuong H6 Chi Minh, chii truong, dudng loi, nghi quylt cua Ddng, chinh sdch, phdp Mat cua Nhi nudc"'^"' tiong mdt bp phdn khdng nhd can bp, dang vien da dan den bfnh "hinh thicc", xem nhe li luan, hge tap U luin ehinh tri, ede cip uy ding phdi nghiem tlie thye hien Nghi quyet Dai hdi Idn thii XII ciia Ddng Dd la, "Diy manh tuyen truyen, hpc tap chu nghTa Mae - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chl Minh, quan diem, dudng loi cua Dang, chinh sach, phap Mat eua Nha nude phu hgp vdi tirng ddi tugng, theo hudng cy thi, thilt thye"'^"; ndng cao han nhgn thiic ve y nghTa, vai tid, tdm quan tigng vd su cin thiet cua vifc bgc tgp, nghien ciiu, van dyng sing tgo vd phat trien Chii nghTa Mdc - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh thuc tiln Phdt huy vai ttd, ttaeh nhifm eiia ngudi diing diu cip liy ttong xay dung kl hoach hgc tap, bdi dudng ndng eao trinh dp li lugn chinh tri hang nam ddi vdi dpi ngii can bg, dang vidn, thyc hifn kl hoaeh kilm tta, giam sat va coi Id mdt ttong nhung tieu chudn dl xIp loai ddnh gid hdng nam Ddng thdi, thyc Men nghiem tlie, ed hifu qud Chi thj sd 05-CT/TW ngdy 15/5/2016 cda Bd Chmh tii khda XII vl "Day mgnh hpc tap vd ldm theo tu tudng, dgo dice, phong cdch Ho Chi Minh " gan vdi Nghi quylt Trung uang khda XII vl "Tdng cudng xdy dgng, chinh don Ddng; ngdn chgn ddy lui su suy thodi vi tu tudng chinh tri, dgo dde, loi song, nhimg biiu hien "tg diin bien ", "tu chuyen hoa " noi bp", thiet thyc xdy dyng Ddng sgch, vung mgifli Thilt thyc hpe tap, Idm theo nhiing ehi ddn cua Hd Chi Minh vd tdm guang thuc hdnh cua Ngudi vl li Man cung chiiih la diing li ludn da thdm nhudn de phdn tich nhiing thang lgi vd that bgi tiong edng tdc, nhimg mat diing vd sai ttong tir tudng, de khdng cM "bd sung, ldm phong phii them li lugn bdng nhung ket Man mdi nit ttong thyc tiln each mang eua ta"