Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducationalSci , 2016, Vol fil No l pp 12 21 This paper is available online at hitp7/sldb hnuc cdu vn DOL I0 1817 V2354 1075 2016 0002 M O T S O B I E N P H A P S U D U N G[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducationalSci., 2016, Vol fil No l.pp 12-21 This paper is available online at hitp7/sldb hnuc.cdu.vn DOL I0.1817.V2354-1075 2016-0002 M O T SO BIEN P H A P S U D U N G BAI TAP P H A N HOA T R O N G DAY H O C HOA H O C D d T h i Q u y n h M a i D a n g Thj O a n h Khoa Hoa hgc Trudng Bai hgc Sit phgm Hd Ngi Tom tat Sff dung bai lap phan hoii lii mol nhu'ng phUdng phap day hoc hihi hieu de thuc hien xu \ht phan hoa vi md giao due (phan hoa ldp hi)c} Bin bao trinh biiy mot sd bien phap sii; dung biii tap phan hoa day hoc hoii hoc ap dung cac loai biii day khac Tif dti gnip giao vicn co the sff dung biii tap phan hoii indi each hnh hoat va hieu qua tat ca ciic khau ciia qua trinh day hoc nhiim diip ffng dUdc nhu cJu hoc tap, sd thich, trinh llnh hoi kien ihffc va phong each hoc lap khac ciia hoc sinh Tie khoa: Bai lap phan hoa, day hoc phan hoa, day hgc hoa hgc, biii tap hoa hoc Md dau Bai tap htia hgc ( B T H H ) ddng mdt vai trd het stfc quan trtmg qua trinh nhan thffc ciia htic sinh (HS), nd khdng chi la thtfdt khii nang nhan thffc, cung co kien thffc cua htic sinh mil edn lit phtfdng tidn de ren cho hoc sinh cac kT nang k h a t [6] Tuy nhien de phat huy tae dung eua B T H H , giao vien (GV) phai biet Itfa chgn he thdng B T H H khdng nhffng chffa dtfng ndi dung kien thtfc hoa hgc thuan tuy, kien thffc van dung thtfc tien ma edn phai mang tinh vffa stfc va phii hdp vdi tffng ddi ttfdng hgc sinh Lam the nao de Irong cung mgt gid hoc, H S yeu kem khting bj qua tai, H S khd gidi van htfng thu vdi vide hgc va phdt huy dtfde het kha nang cua ban than la mot viec lam khdng it khd khan ddi vdi da sd giao vien hien Mot nhffng bien phap de khiic phiie nhffng khd khan dd la ngtfdi GV nen sff dung be Ihdng B T P H mdt each Iinh hoat, hieu qua trong tat ca cac khau cua qua trinh day h g t Chung tdi dii tien hanh dieu tra 358 GV Hda hgc d eac irtfdng T H P T cua 63 ifnh/thiinh phd niim tfl 1 - Day la nhflng GV cdt can di dtf eac Idp bdi dtfdng nghiep vu tai eac cum tien loan qudc ve viec stf dung BTPH Irong day h o t hoa hge Ket qua cho thay da sd GV thirdng xuyen sff dung B T P H theo mffc nhan thtfc (327GV/358 GV), theo life hoe ciia HS (282GV/358GV), theo dd khd (258GV/358(3V) va theo noi dung (239GV/358GV) ma it chu trgng d i n B T P H theo sdn pham (74GV/358GV) cung nhtf theo P C H T (42GV/358GV) Xuat phat tff y nghla lac dung cua B T P H irong day hgc va thtfc trang cua viee sff dung B T P H day ht)c hda hgc d trffdng phd thong, chiing tdi d l xuat cac bien phap sfl dung B T P H ciic loai bai day khac nhdm thtfc hien muc tieu cua bai hgc ddng Ihdi dap tfng dtfde sd thfch, nhu cau htie tap, phong each hgc tap k h a t cua tat ca HS trtmg ldp hge, tff dd gdp phan doi mdi giao due theo dinh htfdng phat trie'n nang Itfe H S Ngay nhan bar l.VIO/201.^ Ngiiy nhiin dang: 10/2/2016 Lien he: DSThi Quynh Mai e-mail' qiTiail3l2@gmail com Mot u'> hien phdp v;l dung hai lap phdn hod irong da\ hoc hoii hoc Noi dung nghien cihi 2.1 Bai tap phan hoa la gi? Theo tac gia Nguydn Ngoc Quang [2], GV cd the xiiy dtfng bai tap vdi dd khd khac xuat phai tfl nhffng bai tap die"n hinh bang each Ilm quy luat bien hoa tfl cai cd ban, ddn gian nhat nhffng bai tap phffc tap htln htiac tim la quy luat de lien kit hai hay nhilu dang lt)an khac mdt bai tap tting hdp Tfl dd, GV ed the sff dung nhflng BTPH vdi eac mffc khac phu htlp vdi trinh dd Iinh hdi kiln thtfc khac cua HS mdt Idp hoc Dieu cho phep ca the' hod cao vide day hge dap tfng nhffng nhu cdu hgc tap eua tffng HS Vay BTPH la loai bai lap mang tfnh kha thi, phu hdp vdi tffng ddi itfdng HS ddng thdi phat huy dtfde bet kha nang hien cd cua HS cac em giai bai lap Qua vide tra Idi cac cau hdi vii BTPH HS bdc id rd nang Itfe, trinh dd, sd trtfdng, diem manh, diem yeu vd kien thtfc va ki nang eua hg 2.2 Stf phan loai bai tap phan hoa Stf phan Ioai BTPH cung dtfa tren cd sd stf phan loai BTHH ndi chung, Tuy nhien, theo quan diem day htic phan hoa, cd the' chu y them mot sd each phan loai nhtf: a) Dtfa theo mtfc nhan thffc: Thang nhan thtfc Bloom (mdi, nam 2001) gdm bac nhan thffc tfl thap den cao: nhan bidt, thdng hieu, van dung, phan tich, danh gia va sang tao Hien nay, theo quy dinh cua Bd Giao due va Dao tao, viec diinh gia trinh dd nhan thffc cua HS theo thang nhan thffc cua Nikko gdm mffc do: Nhan biel, thtmg hieu van dung va van dung eao [I] Nhtf vay cd the' phan ehia bai tap phan hoa theo mffc dd nhan thtfc dd b) DUa vao Irinh hge ltfc ciia HS' Cd the phan loai BTPH nhdm bai tap danh cho HS gidi, kha, trang binh vii yeu e) Dtfa vao phong each hgc tap eua HS Trong qua trinh day hoc cd the phan hda HS dtfa tren phong each hgc tap cua cac em Theo md blnh VAK cua Neil Fleming [8], phong each hoc tap cua HS dUde chia Ihanh nhdm chinh: Ngtfdi hot theo kieu nhln/lhj giac (Visual learners), Ngtfdi hgc theo kieu nghe/thinh giae (Auditory learners), va ngtfdi hoc Iheo phtfdng phap van dgng/xiic giac (Kinesthetic learners) Ngffdi hoe theo kieu nhin: HS hgc bang kieu nhin hgc tdt nhat bang each nhin/dgc Ihdng tin Hg Iam vide tdt co the' chep cac thdng tin eae till lieu Ho thtfdng cd xu htfdng stf dung ban dd va bieu dd Ngffdi hoc theo kieu nghe: HS hgc bang ihinh giac hgc tdt nhat bang ciich lang nghe Cac HS ndm bdt thong tin lot nhat dugc giai thich thdng qua gigng ndi, ngff dieu, nhip dieu va toe ndi cua GV hoac sff dung bang ghi am bai hgc Ngtfdi hoc bdng xuc giac hoac nhffng ngffdi hoe van dgng: Nhffng HS hgc lot nhat tfadng qua sfldung cac phtfdng phap xue giac hay edn ggi Id phtfdng phap trai nghiem HS hieu bai qua cdc binb thffc van dgng, Idm bai tap theo nhdm nhd, ddng vai, xay dtfng, tro chdi, di ehuyen xung quanh, vd hgc tap dffa trdn dtf an Ti^f dd GV ed the thiet kl cac bai tap thtfc nghiem bai tap cd sff dung so dd, bang bieu, hinh ve, bai tap ddi hdi sff suy Iuan, khai quat hoa, biii tap md phdng tlnh hudng d) Dtfa theo ngi dung: De' thuan tien on tap va cung cd kien thtfc cho HS, GV cd the' xdy dffng cac bdi tap phan hoa theo cac dang bai tap dae trtfng eua ehu de hoae chtfdng chtfdng trinh mdn hgc nhtf dang: BT dilu che, tach, hoan PTHH cua sd dd biln hda, bai tap tinh bieu sudt, xdc dinh cdng thtfc, bai tap ddt chay Do Thi Quynh Mai Dang Thj Oanh e) Dtfa theo san pham; Mdi HS se cd san pham hoae bai bao cao khac de thtfc hien bai tap/nhiem vu cua GV dtfa Can cff vao nang Itfc ciia HS vii chuan kiln thffc, ki nang cua bai hgc, GV cd the sff dung nhieu hinh thflc nhtf giao cho HS hoiin eac san pham nhtf vilt mdt bao cao hoae thidt lap sd dd ttf tdng kit kiln thtfc, bieu dd, cht) phep HS dtfde Itfa chgn the hien san pham cudi cung dtfa trdn sd thich, the manh hge tap eua minh 2.3 Mot so bien phap sur dung bai tap phan hoa day hoc hoa hoc 2.3.L Su* dung bai tap phan hoa dang bai nghien cihi tai lieu mdi Trong mtit till day bai mt^i, viee stf dung nhieu bai tap htia htie eho HS ddi gap kho khan vl khdng co thdi gian Tuy vay ndu GV biet phdi hdp cac phtfdng phap day htic mgt each hdp li thi se tan dung dtftlc thdi gian de' sff dung bai ldp nham cung cd, dn tap nhffng kien thffc mdi hoc cho HS Nhffng kien thfft mii HS cd the ttf doe saeh giao khoa (SGK) thi GV nen dtfa bai tap de HS ap dung va van dung kien thffc If thuyet vao giai quyet, Nhff vay bai htic se Ird nen sinh ddng hon va cudn hut hdn GV cd the lap ke hoach day hgc ehi tiet eho tiet len ldp nhtf sau' Thir nhdt: Xiic djnh rd nhiem vu eua GV va HS trtmg ke hoach day hot GV can chuan bj eae cdng viec nhtf htfdng dan HS ehuan bi ngi dung biii mdi, xac djnh sii Itfdng bai tap se sfl dung, mffc khd, chuan bi phieu htic tap cd ngi dung bai tap phii hop vdi tffng ddi Iffdng HS, chia nhdm HS Trong thtfc hien lien trinh day hoc cd nhffng ndi dung HS td the ttf dgt sach dtfde Ihl GV cd the bai tap de HS van dung kidn thfft phan dd vao giai quyel cac nhiem vu dtfde giao HS can chuan bi ttit cac ngi dung GV yeu eau: On lai cac kien thffc cu cd lien quan, htiiin tdt bai tap dtfde giad va chua'n bi ki biii mdi Thu hai: Thiet ke cat ndi dung DH phu hdp vdi ddi ttfdng Vl du 1: Khi day bai 34 - Flo, bai 35 - Brom, bai 36 - lot SGK Hoa hge 10 nang cao theo phan phdi chtfdng trinh, mdi bai day tilt Tuy nhien ve cau true cua bai day niiy ttfdng doi gidng gom cae ndi dung: (1) Tinh chat vat If va trang thai ttf nhien (2) Tfnh chat hda hoc (3) Lfng dung va dieu che trting edng nghiep (4) Mgt sd hdp chat cua flo/ brom/ ioi Nhtf vay, Ihay vl day tiet i idng biet, GV ed the gtip thiinh bai day ehung la FHo- Bromlol Cdc noi dung vl bai day tren dtfde SpK irinh biiy ttfdng ddi ehi tilt va id rang nen GV td the sff dung cae BTPH phu hop vdi tiie ddi tUdng HS khac giup cac em ttf nghien cffu bai im^i Hogt dpng 1: HS Iam viec theo nhdm ddi, stf dung SGK de tdng ket sd dd ttf theo cac ngi dung sau: Rieng ndi dtfng (2), (3), (4) lien quan ifnh that hoa hgc cila tat nguyen td vii hdp chat, yeu cau HS vilt PTHH minh hoa cho tfnh ehdt dd Hoat ddng nen giao eho HS tff tiet trtftk va HS se hoan Ihanh d nha Vdi nhflng HS yeu, GV ed the' dtfa he thdng cau hdi gdi y lap sd dd ttf Cho bill tinh chat vat li eua X2 (X la nguyen td flo, brom, iot)'' Trong ttf nhien nguyen td X tdn tai d dang ddn chat hay htlp chit? Ke ten mot sd htlp chat phd bien cua nguyen td X cd ttf nhien'* X2 CO tinh chat hoa htit dae nung gi'* X2 cd the tac dung vdi nhffng chdt nati? Vilt PTHH minh hoa cho nhffng tinh chdt dd? Mol \-o hien phdp sif dung lmi lap phdn hod irong dav hoc hod hoc Nguyen td X vii hdp chat cila chung ed tfng dung gl? PhUdng phap dieu che X2 cdng nghiep? Cho biet U'nh chat ehfnh cua HX (tfnh axit vii tinh khtf) Rieng HF cd tfnh chat diic biel nao'* Cho biet dd lan cua mudi X"'* (1) (2) (3) (I) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) Hogt dpng 2: Hinh kien thffc mdi GV ggi tff 2~ nhdm trinh bay sd dd ttf va chinh sffa Itmg kit Iai kien thffc Hogt dpng 3: Luyen lap Bai 1: Mot sd dae diem tua cac nguyen td halogen (a) Hoan bang tren (b) Khi dun nong brom va iot thi se thu dtfde hdi (khf) mau gl? Nhffng dac die'm nao Irong bang Iren diic li-tfng cho nguyen id phi kim? (a) Cho biet quy luat cua nhiet dd ndng thay va nhiet dd ,sdi trtmg nhdm tinh Iff trdn xudng ttfdng flng vdi chieu lang cua sd hieu nguyen tfl (b) Quy luat anh htfdng nhU the ndd tdi trang thai tdn tai d nhiet dd phdng tua cat nguyen td halogen? Nhffng Itiai hdp chat niio dtfde hinh eac nguyen tti haldgen tac dung vdi kim loai va phi kim? Bai 2: Gidi thfch tai ed the dieu chl ntfdc d o mil khdng dieu the dtftlt ntfdt fit)? Bai 3: Dung djth axit nao cae dung dith axit dffdi day an mdn thily tinh'' A HCl B HBr C HL D HF Bai 4: De khac chfl len thuy tinh ngffdi ta dung hda chdt niio sau day? A Dung djeh H^SO,] dac B Dung dich NaOH loang C Hdn htlp CaF2 vd H2SO.1 dac D Khf F2 Bai 5: Phat bieu quy luat bien ddi tfnh oxi hoa di tfl fit) din lot Tai tfnh chal halogen manh day halogen yeu khdi dung dich mudi khting lip dung vdi phiin tfng cd flo tham gia? Bai 6: Cho bidt quy Iudt biln ddi tinh axil va tfnh khff cua cac hidro halogenua tff HF den HT? Bai 7: a) Neu phtfdng phap dieu che cac hidro halogenua (HF, HCl, HBr HT) b) Dun ndng cac dng nghiem kin chtfa cac khf hidro halogenua iren Chat nito se bi phan huy? Xac dmh mau cua tao phan ffng phan huy xiiy Viel PTHH ctia ac phiin ffng phan huy 15 Dd Thi Quynh Mai Dang Thi Oanh : Mudi NaBr cd lan mdt it lap ehat lii Nai De' chffng minh cd NaT mudi ngtfdi ta dung A dung dich AgNO;j C dung dich H2SO4 B nffdc CI2 va hd tinh bdt D quy lim Bai 9: Mudi iot la mudi an (NaCI) cd trdn Ian mdi Itfdng nhd A T2 B HT C KI hoac KTO3 D HIO, Bai 10: Neu phtfdng phap htiii hoe nhan biel cac dung djch mudi sau: NaCI, KF, NaBr vaKL Bai 11: Cho 10,5 gam Nai vao 500ml ntfdc brom 0.5M Khdi Iffdng mudi NaBr thu dtfdcia A 3,45 gam B 4,67 gam C 5,15 gam D 8,75 gam Bai 12: Cho 31,84g htin hdp NaX va NaY (X va Y la hai halogen thude hai ehu kl lien tilp) vao dung djeh AgNO.j dtf, Ihu dtfde 57,34g kit tua Cdng thtft cua hai mudi la: A NaCI va NaBr B NaBr va NaT C NaF va NaCI D NaF va NaCI hoac NaBr va Nai Phdn lich: Bai tap I la bai tap tdng hdp dflng de dn tap Iai quy luat bien ddi mgt sd tinh chat eua eac nguyen td halogen vdi mtfc nhan thffc tang dan Bai tap yeu cau HS phai hieu ve tinh chat oxi hoa manh cua flo va ed stf so sanh vdt nen djtnh cho HS kha, gidi Ttfdng Itf cac bai tap 3,4 cung cung ed ve tfnh chat an mdn thuy tinh cua axit HF nhtfng bai tap tdn yeu cau HS lien he vdi phtfdng phap dieu che HF thtfc te nen bai tap cd mfle nhan thtfc cao hdn Bai tap 6, kie'm tra mffc biet cua HS danh cho HS trung blnh va yeu Bai tap 5, 8, 11 kiem tra mffc dd hie'u cua HS danh cho HS trung blnh va kha Bai tap 7, 10, 12 kiem tra mffc dd van dung kien thffc cua HS danh cho HS kha va gidi Nhtf vay, ed the' thay thtfc hien tiln trinh day hge, GV cdn linh ddng de tilt kiem thdi gian, GV nen xac dinh ndi dung kiln thffc nao HS cd the' iff htic hoac nr nghien effu thdng qua viec dgc tai lieu hoac viec giai cac bai tap Thdng qua viec giai quyet cac bai tap, HS se llnh hgi va cung cd dtfde kien thtfc, nhtf vay se phat huy dtfde tfnh tieh cUc ciia HS 2.3.2 Su- dung bai tap phan hda bai tap ve nha Sau mdi bai mdi deu ed bai tap cung cd kidn thffc nam d cuoi bai sach giao khoa SGK, cac bai tap dd da cd linh phan hda ve mffc nhan thffc cua HS vay sd Itfdng van chtfa nhieu De HS cd dieu kidn cung cd va nang cao kien thffc cua ban than GV cd the' giao them bai tap cho HS ve nha Iff Iam Bai tap ve nha cho HS dam bao ve mffc vffa sffc vdi cac em HS, cd the' tao dtfde hffng thu hgc tap eua cat em giai biii tap Mudn thtfc hien dtfde dieu dd bai tap can dam bao vl yeu td phan bda sau: a) Phan hda ve so ltfdng bai tap De' ciing ed mot kiln thffc, mdt kT nang, phffdng phap nao dd, HS cd trinh khac cd the nhan dffdc sd Itfdng bai tap khac tfl GV Cimg mgt ngi dung kien thffc cd ban nhtfng so Itfdng bai cho HS yeu cd the' nhieu hdn, co lap eao hdn, phan bac hon HS kha gidi b) Phan hda ve noi dung: Mffc khd tua cat bai tap phai phu htlp vdi trinh chung ciia HS nhdm, eflng mol ngi dung kiln thffc td ban nhffng cac dang bai lap eho mdi nhdm HS cd dd khd khac Vi du 2: (Phan hda ve sd Itfdng va noi dung): Sau hoe xong bai 31- "Hidro clorua Axit elohidric" - Hoa hgc 10 nang eao, ngoai cac bai tap SGK, GV ed the cho them cac bai tap ve nha 16 i Mol \d bien phdp \ii dung bdi lap phdn hod irong day hoc hod ho Vdl hgc sinh yeu kem, sd Itfdng bai tap de nhieu hdn, lap eao hdn Hoan cac phtfdng trinh hoa hgc sau: a) HCl -I- FeO -^ b) HCl + Na2COi -f c) HCI-h AgNOa -> d) HCl -l- Fe -> e) HCl + MnOa ^ H C U Al(OH), -> Vdi hgc sinh trung blnh, sd Itfdng bai tap kho nhilu hdn, ddi hdi cd stf lien he nhieu din kiln thfle da hgc trtfdc Hoan cac phtfdng trinh hod hgc sau: 1) HCl + -^ ZnCl2 + 2) HCl -1- Fe,j04 -> 3) HCl + KMn04 -» 4) HCl -i- CaCO j -> 5) HCl + -> FeCfi -i- 6) HCldac -l- KCIO3 -* Vdi hgc sinh kha gidi, sd Itfgng bai tap khd nhieu nhdt, ddi hdi cd tfnh tdng htlp va khai quat cao hdn Hoan cac phtfdng trinh hoa hoe sau 1) HCl + FexOy -> 2) HCl + KNO3 -I- Cu -> 3) HCldac + K2Cr207 ^ 4) NaCI -> HCl ^ CI2 -> KCIO.3 c) Phan hoa ve mtfc nhan thu:c va nhip hoc tap cua hoc sinh Khi bai tap ve nha eho HS, GV ed the xay dtfng mdi he Ihdng bai tap vdi mtfc dd nhan thffc khac (nhan biet, hieu, van dting va van dung cao) va yeu cau mdi HS dUdc Itfa chon liim mgt sd Itfdng bdi tap toi thie'u he Ihdng bai tap dd theo mffc dd nhan thffc cua HS ddng thdi khuyen khi'eh HS Iam them eac bai tap theo hffng thu vii nhip hgc tap cua minh d) Phdn hoa theo san pham cua HS HS gidi thieu vi oxi hoat HS gidi ihieu ve lifu huynh gid luyen tdp bdi 46: dpng kiem tra bdi cd "Luyen lap chUOng 6" - Hod hgc 10 ndng cao Hinh minh hog bdi ldm cua HS Trong qud trinh day hoc, GV co the' giao cho HS hoan tbanh nhflng nhiem vu md vdi dap an (sdn pham) khac nhtf vilt mdt bao cao hoac thiet lap sd Iff td'ng ket kien thflc, bieu dd, siif dung phtfdng phap ddng vai, dtfa tren trinh tig ki nang va ihl manh hoc tap cua cua HS •J5 I'.'lJ^-JffiW- ' Dd Thi Quynh Mai Dang Tht Oanh Vidu 3: Sau htic xong biii 41 - " O x i " - H o d hoc 10 ndng cao, GV cdthe ydu eau HS liim bai tap sau: "Hay Itfdng ttfdng em la khf oxi va gidi thieu vdi mgi ngtfdi vl ban than" Vdi bill tap nay, HS ed the' sff dung phtfdng phap dtmg vai hoae ,sff dung tranh ve sd dd hoac sang tac bai hat/lhd de tdm tat nhffng dieu can nhd ve oxi (vj tii bang tuan htian, cau tao nguyen tfl, tfnh TCVL vii TCHH cua oxi, phfldng phap dieu chl va flng dung ) Tuy vao kha niing lam chu dffdc kidn thffc cua HS ma HS se tad nhffng san pham khac vt'Ji hinh thffc, noi dung va pham vi kiln thffc khae San pham cua HS cd the dtfde trinh bay hoat dong kiem tra bai cu eua bai hgc sau hoac gid dn tap, luyen tap eua chtfdng Thdng qua nhffng san pham dd, GV cd the' danh gia mffc hie'u bai cung nhff kha nang van dung kien thffc va niing Itfc siing tao cua HS e) Phan hoa theo phong each hoc tap Viet cung cap nhflng nhiem vii dap flng phong each hoc tap khac ciia HS la mgt nhan td quan trgng day htic phan hoa HS sd hoc dd dang hdn hg dtfde giad nhiem vu/bai tap phu hdp vdi phong each hot tap cua ho Khi bai tap ve nha cho HS, tung mtii ndi dung GV co the' thiet kl cac bai tap phfl hdp cac phong each hgc tap khac eua HS Vf du 4: He thdng bai tap ve nhii cua bai 45 - "Hdp chat cd tixi eua Itfu huynh" - SGK Hoa hgc 10 nang cao dtfa tren phong each hgc tap eua HS BAI TAP VE NHA Em hay ttf chon va hoan it nhat 01 bai tap sd cac bai tap sau: Bai 1: Dtfdi tieu de "Axit sunfunc: htia chat hang dau dung nhieu nganh tdng nghiep", em hay viet mot doan van de md ta qua trinh san xuat va tfng dung cua axit niiy dd cd sff dung cac tfl: phan bdn, phffdng phap tiep xuc, luyen kim, chuye'n hoa, thap hap thu, trang thai can bang, tdc phan ffng va qua trinh oxi hda, chat xflc Iac Bai 2: Xay dtfng mdt sd dd tu hoac sd dd ndi dung ed chffa cac thuat ngfl: axit sunfuric, phiin bdn, qua trinh oxi hda phtfdng phap tidp xuc, thuyen hoa, thap hap thu, qua trinh tixi htia, tdc phan ffng, chuyen dich can bang va that xuc tiic Bai 3: Viet eac PTHH minh hoa eho cac qua trinh bien ddi cac chat ttfdng tfng vdi trang thai so oxi hod cua Iffu huynh eac trtfdng hdp sau a ) S " ^ S + ^ —jS+f*—>S~2 b) 5+"* —^ S"^'^ —> S —> S"^ Bai 4: Hay ve I bffc tranh hoac sd dd md ta nhffng Iffu y sff dung axil sunfunc de dam ba toim Bai S: Khi sunfurd cd mat thai tff cac nhii may san xuat axil sunfuric a) Tai viec giai phdng mdt Itfdng ldn sunfurd khf quyen gay anh htfting khong mong mudn (hoae khting Itil) den mdi trtfdng? b) Con ngtfdi cd the' lam gl de han chl mffc pbat thai cua cdc thai cdc nha may san xuat axit sunfuric? c) Cho biet nhflng nganh cdng nghiep nao khac cung phai thai silnfurd? Bai 6: Hay sang tac mdt doan thd hoae mdt bill hat giup em nhd ve tinh that hoac tfng dung cua axit sunfuric Bai 7: Ve so dd ttf trinh bay tdm tat ti'nh chat cua axit sunfuric Bai 8: Hay itfdng ttfdng ed mdt sff td rd ri sunfurd xay tai mgt nha may X san xuat axil sunfuric Nhtf mdt he qua cac cd quan chffc nang tai dia phffdng sd mdi dai dien cua nha mijy den Mol so bien phdp sd dung hdi tdp phdn hod day hoc hod hoc de lam viec va yeu cau hd cd mdt budi irao dtii vdi ngtfdi dan dja phtfdng ve nhtfng anh htftlng cua stf CO lien quan den sffc khde.an loiin va van de mdi trtfdng xung quanh ho a) Vdi vai trd la ngtfdi dai dien cho nha may X em hay thiet ke mdt td rdi quang cao cutic hop va lam ndi bat cac van de chfnh can de cap b) Hay lidt ke nhffng diem ma ngtfdi quan U cd the mudn liim eho ngtfdi dan quan tam Bai 9: Dtf doan dieu gl se xay xe viin ehuyen axit sunfunc dae giiy Iran axit tren dtfdng? Cho biet bien phap khac phuc stf cd'' Bai 10: Hay cho bidt bien phap xtf li Irong tiUdng hdp sau a) Khi htic sinh lam ThN khdng may bi day mgt lUting nhd axil sunfuric dac tren da b) Khi hgc sinh lam ThN khting may bj day mdt Itfdng It'in axil sunfunc dac tren da Theo each phan loai phong each hge tap eua Fleming, cd the' thay tbudng nhffng HS hgc theo kieu nhin se chon bai tap 1, 2, 3, 4,1; HS hge theo kieu nghe se chon bai tap 6, HS hgc theo kieu van ddng se chon bai tap 5, 9, 10 GV ed the sff dung san pham HS bai tap de md ta quy tat an loan phdng thf nghiem Thdng qua giai cac bai tap 8, 9, 10 he thdng biii tap tren, HS se phat tnen niing Itfc giai quylt van de va van dung kien thffc vao thtft tien cudc sdng HS ve tranh minh hoa nhung luu y sif dung axil HS sdng tdc bdi hdl ve tinh chal axil sunfuric dgc (Bdi 4) sunfuric (Bdi 6) Hinh minh hog bdi ldm cua HS gidi mpt so bdi tapti-onghe Ihong bdi tap trin 2.3.3 Siir dung bai tap phan hoa dang bai luyen tap va on tap Trong gid luydn lap, dn tap, GV giup HS cung td kiln thtfc dii htic, md rdng va dao sau kien Ihffc nhflng Iiel day GV khdng nen day Iai kien thffc li thuyet ma phai bdng tach niio dd de tai hidn Iai kien thflc cho HS Bien phap hieu qua nhal lii GV stf dung bai tap giao eho HS yd ydu cau HS giai quylt nhffng bai tap dd, qua trinh HS giai bai tap se giup cac em tai hien lai kiln thffc da hge De' liim tdt dilu GV nen kit htlp vdi mdt sd kT thuat day hoc va phtfdng phap day hgc nhtf ki thuat sd dd ttf phtfdng phap graph, phtfdng phap day hgc theo hdp ddng, kT Ihuat day hoc theo nhtim Cdc BTPH vdi eae mffc dd khac se dtfde the hien cac nhiem vu bit huge va nhidm vu bit budc cua ban hdp ddng (phtfdng phap day hgc theo hdp ddng) Hoac vdi cung mdt nhiem vu dat eua GV, cac HS tao cac san pham khac sff dung ki thuat sd dd ttf duy, phtfdng phap graph Dd Thi Quynh Mai, Dang Thi Oanh 2.3.4, Suf dung bai tap phan hda kbi xay dtfng de kiem tra ddnh gia ket qua hoc tap cua hgc sinh Dd kie'm tra la mdt edng eu dung de' danh gia kit qua htic tap ciia HS sau hge xong mot chQ de, mdt chffdng, mdt hgc ki, ndn ngtfdi bien soan de kie'm tra can can cff vao mue dich cu the' cua viec kie'm tra, can ctf chuan kien thtfc ki nang cua chtfdng trinh vii thtfc tl htic tap ciia HS de xay dffng muc dich cua dd kid'm tra cho phu hdp Sau GV da xac dinh muc dfch cua dl kiem tra, xiic dinh hinh thflc, thdi gian Iam bai cua de kie'm tra, GV can thiet lap ma Iran de kiem tra thtfdng la mot bang cd hai ehieu, mdt ehieu la ndi dung kiln thtfc, kT nang ehinh can danh gia, mgt chieu la cac cap cin danh gia ve kidn thffc va kT nang cua HS theo eac mffc nhan thfle: nhan bill, thdng hieu va van dung va van dung cao, Trong mdi la chua'n kiln thffc ki nang can danh giii, ti Id % sd die'm, sd Itfdng cau hdi va tdng sd diem cua cac cau hdi Sau dd, GV se bien scan cau hdi theo ma Iran de dii xay dtfng Trong qua trinh nay, btfdc quan nhat Iii GV lffa chon, xay dtfng dtfde nhflng bai tap vfla dam bao ve ndi dung kien thfft ki nang chinh can danh gia vifa dam bao yeu cau ve mflc dd nhan thffc can dat He thong BTPH theo ngi dung vii ehia theo cac mflc nhan thffc se giflp GV cd the' Itfa chon nhffng bai tap phu hdp vdi yen can Ket luan Vide sff dung da dang cac loai BTPH (BTPH theo ndi dung, BTPH theo mflc nhan thffc, BTPH theo phong each hoe tap, BTPH theo san pham ) cac loai bin day khac (biii nghidn cuu lai lieu mdi, bai luyen tap va dn tdp, bai kiem tra danh gid ket qua hgc tap cua HS) se giup GV phat huy tdi da tac dung cua biii tap hoa hgc viee thtfc hien mue lieu day hgc, phu hdp vdi Iflng ddi ttfdng HS, phat tnen idi da tiem nang rieng vdn ed cua mdi ngtfdi hge, dap ffng dtfde xu the phan hoa giiio due hien Dae biet qua trinh day hgc, bdn canh viec sii dung cac Ioai BTPH theo ndi dung, BTPH theo mffc nhan thflc, GV nen tang ctfdng sff dung Ioai BTPH theo phong each hgc tap va BTPH theo san pham nham nang cao hffng thu hgc tap cua HS ddng thdi gdp phan phat trie'n nang ltfc giai quyet van de va sang tao, nang ltfc van dung kien thtfc vao thtfc tien cuoc sdng eho HS TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Bd Giao due va Dao lao, Vu Giao due Hung hot, 2014 Tdi lieu tap hudn "Dgy hgc vd kiem ira ddnh gid kit qud hoc ldp theo dinh hirdng phdt trie'n ndng life hgc sinh mon Hda hgc" [2] Nguydn Nggc Quang, 1994 Li ludn day hoc hod hoc tdp I (Phdn dai cUOng) Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi [3] Tdn Than, Mdt so gidi plidp thuc hien chuong trinh gido due phff thong iheo dinh hudng phdn hda Dl tai cap bg, ma sd B-2004-80-03 [4] Le Xuan Trgng (Td'ng chu bien), Tfl Nggc Anh, Le Mau Quyen, Phan Quang Thai, 2010 Hoa hgc 10 Ndng cap Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi [5] Le Xuan Trgng (Tdng chu bien), Nguyin Hffu Dinh, Le Chi Kien, Ld Man Quydn, 2010 Hoa hgc II Ndng cao Nxb Giao due Ha Ngi [6] Nguyin Xuan Trtfdng, 2006 Si? dung bdi tap irong day hgc hda hgc d tnfdng pho'thdng Nxb Dai hge Stf pham, HaNoi Mdt so bien phdp vi? dung hdi tap phdn hod Irong Jay hoc hod hoi [7] Joan D ' A m i c o and Kate Gallaway 2010 Differentiated In.slriiclion for the Middle School Science Teacher: Activities and Strategies for an inclusive Cla.ssroom Publisher: J o s s e y - B a s s ; I edinon, I S B N - I O : [8] F l e m i n g , N D , 0 Teaching and Learning College ISBN 0-473-07956-9 [9] Tomlinson C A., 2000a The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to the Needs of all Learners Alexandria' Association for Supeivision and Curriculum Development [10] Sr\les VARK Strategies Honolulu Comunity hnp.//www.sess.ie/sites/all/mtidules/wysiwyg/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/pkigins/filemanager /files/Resources/science/lexibook.pdf ABSTRACT Ways to u s e differentiated exercises w h e n t e a c b i n g c h e m i s t r y One of the most effective teaching methods is the use t>f micro differentiated inslruttitm (differentiation in the classroom) This article presents ways that differentiated exercises can be used to teach various types of chemistry lessons This helps teachers use differentiated exercises flexibly and efficiently in all phases of the teaching process to meet the learner's needs, interests, ability to absorb knowledge and different learning styles Keywords: exercises Differentiated exercises, differentiated instruetitm, teaching chemistry, chemical ... cao, Trong mdi la chua''n kiln thffc ki nang can danh giii, ti Id % sd die''m, sd Itfdng cau hdi va tdng sd diem cua cac cau hdi Sau dd, GV se bien scan cau hdi theo ma Iran de dii xay dtfng Trong. .. tap phan hoa day hoc hoa hoc 2.3.L Su* dung bai tap phan hoa dang bai nghien cihi tai lieu mdi Trong mtit till day bai mt^i, viee stf dung nhieu bai tap htia htie eho HS ddi gap kho khan vl khdng... khd, chuan bi phieu htic tap cd ngi dung bai tap phii hop vdi tffng ddi Iffdng HS, chia nhdm HS Trong thtfc hien lien trinh day hoc cd nhffng ndi dung HS td the ttf dgt sach dtfde Ihl GV cd the