JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 18173/2354 1075 2016 0008 Educational Sci, 2016 Vol 61 No 1, pp 69 76 This paper is available online at htlp //stdb hnue edu vn DAY VA HOC DIA LI 12 VOI BAN DO KHAI N[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci, 2016 Vol 61 No 1, pp 69-76 This paper is available online at htlp://stdb.hnue edu DOI: 10.18173/2354-1075.2016-0008 DAY VA HOC DIA LI 12 VOI BAN DO KHAI NIEM TRONG IVIOI TRUdNG SU PHAM TUONG TAC Dang Van Dffc\ Nguy8n Thi Ninb^ ^Khoa Dia li Trudng Dai hgc Su phgm Hd Ndi ^Trudng Trung hgc Phd thdng Trdn Quoc Tudn, Hd Ndi Tom tat Ban dd khai niem (Concept Map) dtfa iren each thffc hoat dgng ltf nhien cua bo nao, la phtfdng thffc ghi nhd vii the hien cac y ttfdng mdi Ban dd khai niem bit dau vdi mot y ttfdng chinh (hoac khai niem) va sau chia cac nhanh theo cac chu de cu the Ban dd khai mem cung nhtf ban dd ttf (Mind Map) stf dung triel de hinh anh vii tff khoa de iff cac khai niem dtfOc phan cip hen tiep qua trinh ttf cua ngtfdi hoc vl mgt van dl nao dd Bai bao de cap den djnh nghia, ldi ich cua ban khai niem, each xay dtfng va sff dung ban dd khai niem de day hgc Dia li 12 moi Irtftlng stf pham ttfdng tac nhim phat huy tfnh tich etfc suy nghT, ttf sang tao cua hoc sinh Ban khai niem lii mot nhffng cong cu htftf ich de giang day vii hoc tap dang ciing dtfde sff dung rting rai cac trUdng hgc d tren the gidi va Viet Nam Td klida: Biin dd khai niem day hoc Dja li 12, stf pham ttfdng tac Md dau Djnb hudng ddi mdi giao due va dao tao ciia ntfdc ta trting giai doan hien da dffdc the Men Nghj quyet Hdi nghi lan thff 8, Ban Chap hanh Trung tfdng khda XI (Nghj quylt sd 29-NQ/TW): "Ddi mdi can ban, loan dien giao due va dao tao, dap flng yen ciu CNH-HDH dieu kien kinh Ie thj trtfdng dinh htft'lng XHCN va hdi nhap qutic tl" Giao due phd thong dang thffc hien btfdc chuyen tff chtfdng trinh giao due tiep can ndi dung sang tiep can nang ltfc cua ngffdi hgc, nghTa la Iff chd quan tam den hgc sinh hgc dtfde ciii gl din chd quan tam htic sinh van dung dtfde cai gl qua viec hge Dd dd, viec ddi mdi phtfdng phap day hoc theo dinh htfdng phat trie'n nang lUe khting chi ehfl y den tieh etfc hoa hoat dgng trf tue hgc sinh ma cdn chu y den day each hgc, each van dung kien thffc, ren luyen kT nang, hinh pham chat va phat tnen nang life; tang ctfdng hoat ddng ttfdng tac gifla Thay-Trd-Mdi tiUdng stf pham; ddng thdi phai chuyen each danh gla ket qua hgc tap tfl nang ve kiem Ira trf nhd sang kiem tra, danh gia nang ltfc van dung kien thffc giai quyet van de, gan hdat ddng tri tue vdi hoat ddng Ihtfe tiln "Ban dd khai mem" la mgt nhffng cdng cu mang tfnh trtfc quan cao, ed nhieu tfu Ihe de phat trien ttf efla hge sinh, cd nhilu hihi ich Irong giang day va hge tap dang cang dtfde sff dung rdng rai Irong cac trtfdng hoe d tren Ihl gidi va Viet Nam Ngay nhan bai l.VlO/2015 Ngiiy nhan dang 15/1/2016 Lien he: NguySn Thj Nmh, e-mjil: lhuynmhiqi@gmail ct Dang Van Dffc Nguyen Thi Ninh "Day va hgc dia If vdi ban dd khai niem mdi trffdng stf phaio ttfting liic" lii mot each tiep can day hoe hien dai, phat huy dtftlt tfnh tich etfc, ttf giac, chti ddng, 'iiing tao, phiil tnen nang Itfc cua hgc sinh mdt each loan dien, gdp phin dtii mdi phtfdng phiip va nang cao chat day hoed Irtfdng phd Ihdng Noi dung nghien ctiu 2.1 Dinh nghia ban Khai niem Ban dd khai mem la mot Ioai hinh dd hga dtfde sff dung dc giiip hgc sinh id thtfc va phat Uien kien thtfc vl mdt ehu dl Ban dd khai niem bat dau vdi mot y itfdng thinh (hoac khai niem) va sau dd chia cae nhanh theo cac chii de eu the [5,8] Nhtf vay, vl ban chit Ban dd khai mem, la mot dang sd dd hoii irong day htic nhtfng cai khae cfla nd la sfl dung tnet de hinh anb va tff khda de tfl dd cat khiii mem dtftfc phiin cap lien tiep qua trinh Itf cua ngtfdi hgc ve mot van de nao dd 2.2 Loi ich cua ban Khai niem Ban dd khai niem cd nhieu ldi ich cho boat ddng day va hot 11,5j - BDKN giflp cho GV xay dtfng eau trflc bai giang cfla minh hiip li vii hieu qua hdn Thdng qua viec tim hieu mue tieu, kien Ihffc Irong tam tua bai, BDKN sc giup ngtfili GV sap xep lai cac y ehfnh theo mgt trinh Iff phu hdp, khoa hoe Ddng thdi nd cflng gulp chti viet liim mdi, bd sung eac thdng tin can thiet vao biii giang trd nen de diing hdn thay vl tltfiic soan lai ttf nam sang nam khac mdt each cffng nhac Dieu rat quan irong dtii vdi nidi GV bOi (rong thdi dai biing nd Ihong tin, mgi thtf ludn cd stf bien ddi khong ngffng Ihl yeu can vc iinh tap nhiii, hien dai, khoa hge ddi vdi mdi bai giang eang dUdc de cao hdn - BDKN la cdng cu, phfldng tien de GV td chffc ciic hoat ddng nhiin tlurc cho hoc smh, ihe hien ndi dung bai giang tren Idp mgt each he thdng, triJe quan gay litfng thii cho hot smh liep thu kiln thflc mdt each de dang, tfch etfc va hieu qua hdn Bdi nliin viio BDKN hoc smh cd the nhin thay mgt bflc tranh tdng the mdt van de hay mdt llnh vtfc rdng Idn Nc smh thi phai ghi thep, dec, nhd cac tff khoa quan tigng, lap trung viio kiln thflc tigng iam tua hin hoc se gulp hoc smh hoc tdt hdn, hieu qua hdn _ - BDKN kich thfeh hge sinh ddng nao va dtfa nhffng y ltfdng iiuli, khai mem indi eiing cat dl xuit kit ndi chflng vdi nhau; eho phep hgc sinh the hien id riing hdn nhffng y Itfdng, suy nghl va thdng tin hge tap Ban dd khai mem edn giflp htie smh tfth htlp tiic khiti mem mtii vdi cac khai niem cfl nhim dat dtfde nhflng kiln thflc nang cao vl bai ki clui d^ iiiio qua ciic hoat dgng hgc tap irong moi tiUdng stf pham Itfdng tae, - BDKN tang ctfdng kha nang htiat ddng tich cUc cua mdi luic suih Tiidng qua sir hitt'tng dan eua GV, hgc sinh hinh Ihanh dtftle kT nang lap BDKN Dilu cung cd nghla lii biin than hoc sinb da bill sfl dung ea hai biin ciu nao trai va niio pbiii cung mol hic, khai ihac tdi da film nang sffc manh cua vd nao Qua trinh lap BDKN se giup hge sinh sap xep id chtfc, phiin loai ciic kien 70 F Day vd hpc Dia U 12 vdi bdn khdi niem mdi trudng sU phgm lUOng ldc thtfc theo y ttfdng cfla ban than Ngoai hge sinb cd the Ihoa sffc sang tao vdi nhffng hinh anh chinh ban than minh nghT va ve them nhflng eon dtfdng mdi, nhflng mdi lien he mdi ma minh phat hien dtfde Tac pham cfla ho khdng ed stf gidi han vl khdng gian mang tfnh sang lao va phong each rieng Nhtf vay qua trinh lap BDKN, ngtfdi hgc ludn cd ed hdi kham pha, tim hieu, tao dieu kien cho ttf boat ddng lien tuc va kht'mg cd die'm dffng Dilu se gdp phin khong nho vao viec bdi dtfdng nilm ham me hoc tap d mdi hoe sinb, tang ctfdng kha nang ttf hgc [6, 8] - Hgc smh cd the sff dung BDKN cac hoat ddng hoc tap dia Ii nhtf: Irinh bay bai hgc tren ldp, tir on bai d nha; gbi ehu dgc SGK, sach tham khao dia If; he thdng hoa kiln thffc da hgc de chuan bi cho cae ky thi, kiem tra sfl dung BDKN ein trinh bay, ilm bieu mdt van de dja li cu the Trong qua trinh hgc tap neu HS sff dung BDKN se mang lai hffng Ihu hoc tap, ghi nhddl dang hdn, phat huy tfnh tich etfc, sang tao viec tim hieu cac kiln thfle dja Ii Bdi vl tren BDKN y chinh se dUde tap trung ya xac djnh rd rang, quan he ttfting hd giffa mdi y dtfde chi ttfdng tan, y cang quan trgng thi se n^m d vi iri cang gin vdi y chinh, mdi lien he gifla eac khai niem then chdt se dtfde Hep nhiin lap ttfc bing ihi giac [9,10] Tdm lai, BDKN thtfc sU lii mtit cdng cu hffu fch de td thffc qua trinh nhan thffc cua hoc sinh No phat huy tfnh tfch etfc kha nang sang tao, niem dam me hflng ihfl, ttf hoc cua hge sinh gdp phan dtii mdi phtfdng phap va nang cao chit Itftlng day hoc 2.3 Lam the nao de xay dtfng mot ban Khai niem (BDKN) Ban dd khai niem ihtfdng cd stf phan cap rd iang, vdi cae khai niem cap dtfdi bit ngudn tfl khai niem hoac y itfdng chfnh Tuy nhien, ludn cho phep thay ddi va cat khai mem mdi dtfde them vao ban Cac vi tri tren ban dd khai niem cd the lien tuc Ihay ddi, ludn phai tri moi quan he cung vdi nhtfng y ttfdng khac tren ban dd [2,5] Btfdc Bat dau vdi mdt y ttfdng ehfnh, ehfl de, boae van de dtfde tap irung vao gifla ban dd Mgt each hffu fch de xac dinh bdi eanh cua ban khai niem ia chon mdt trgng tam cau hdi - mdt cai gl dd ma can phai dtfde giai quyet hoac mgt ket Iuan rang can phai dat dtfde Mgt mgt chu de hoac mdt cau hdi dtfgc quyet dinh tren, se giup cho eae eau true phiin cap eua ban dd khai niem dtftlc ro rang, mach lac Btfdc Sau dd, xac dinh cac khai mem then chdt Tim cac khai niem quan mii ket ndi va hen quan den y tudng chfnh cua chu dl va xep hang ehflng; khai niem bao quat chung nhat di dau lien, sau dd lien ket den nhd hdn, khai niem eu the hdn Btfdc Kit thflc bdi khai niem ket ndi - tao lien kel cum tfl va tff Mdt cac lien ket cd ban giffa cac khai niem dtftlc tao ra, them lien kit cheo, nhim ket ndi cac khiii niem eac ITnh vtfc khac cfla ban dd de minh hga them ciic mdi quan he va tang cffdng stf hieu bill kiln thfle ciia hoc sinh ve chfl de nay, Cac nguyen tae qua trinh lap ban dd khai niem Muc tieu cua cac nguyen tic irong BDKN la stf ttf ttf thff khdng phai kim ham ttf Nhtf vay dilu quan trgng la khdng nen nham lan giffa trat ttf va cflng nhac Iff va hdn dgn Tff Ifl thtfc stf ehfnh la kha nang xay dtfng trat ttf tfl stf hon ddn - Nhin manh: Luon dflng mgt hinh anh trung tam; dflng hinh anh moi ndi Irong BDKN, dung kfch cd cae anb va xung quanh cac tfl; sff dung stf ttfdng tac giac quan; each ddng cd to chflc - Lien ket: Dung mui ten de ehi eac mdi lien he cung nhiinh hoac khae nhanh; dung mau 71 Dang Van Dffc, Nguyin Thi Ninh sac; diing ki hieu - Maeh lac: Mdi ddng chf cd mdt tff khda (ed the la mdt ngfl hoac nhieu ngtf), ludn dung ehfl in thang dffng; viet in tfl khda tren vach lien ket; vach lien kit va ciic iff ludn ciing dd dai; vach lien ket ndi lien va ciie nhanh ehfnh Iudn ndi vdi anh Irung tilm; dtfimg hao dm sal ciic nhanh; BDKN Iudn nim theo ehilu ngang - Tao phong each rieng: Mdi chung ta la mdt ca the doe diio, BDKN phan anh dtfoc cac mang Itfdi va ldi Iff doe dao Irong bd niio rieng cd d mdi ngtfiii Dc phai uien BDKN v6i phong each rieng that stf phai man theo quy tic "I+", nghia la moi BDKN sau mdi liin ihtfc hien phai giau sac thai hdn, noi bai hdn, nhieu logic lien ket hdn mdt chui |2,HJ Ml 2.4 Sur dung ban khai niem ho trO cac hoat dong hoc tap Dia If 12 miii trtfcnig stf pham ttfttng tac 2.4.1 Cau true cua day hoc mdi trutfng sU pham tUOng tat Cau true cfla day hge itfdng lac la xem xel cd ehe ttfdng tat dong indi quan he lam giac Ngtfdi hoc - Ngtfdi day - Mdi trtfdng, Cae ylu td tac ddng qua Iai vdi nhau, itfifng tiic vii ho tro nham dat muc dfch hoe tap dl [1,3,4], Cd che ttfdng tac Phtfdng phap day hge ttfdng tae ed ban dtfa tren mdi quan he ttfting lat itin iai giffa iac nhan Ba tae nhan ludn ludn quan he vdi cho mdi mol lac nhiin hoat ddng va phan ffng dudi anh htfdng cua hai lac nhan Cd the bieu dien mdi qiiaii he ttfting hn biing sti tam giae hoat ddng ttfdng tac nhtf sau: Hinh I: Cdc tUdng tdc vd cdc tuang hd ciia chdng - Tffdng tac ngtfdi day - ngffdi hoc la sff tffdng tac the hien ifnh chal hai mat cua qua trinh tlay hdc Hoat dgng day va hge dien ddng thdi vii song song Ngtfifi hot iiong phtfting phap hoc eua minh, truyin diu dan eac thdng tin cho ngtfdi day hoac bing ldi hoiic binh luan, biing cac suy nghT cat cau hdi ngtfdi hge da banh ddng, ngtfdi day ve phin minh dii phiin ffng, mdi each chinh xiic ddla loai tac dgng qua lai, mdi quan he qua lai ma phtfdng phiip stf pham lal quan tiim, Ttfting tuvdi ngtfdi day, phtfdng phap stf pham efla minh, gdi y eho ngtfdi hoc mdi htfdng di ihuan ldi tho viec hgc; each nhin nay, ngtfdi diiy chi ciic giai dtian phai vtfdt qua, tac phtfting tien phai sff diing va cac kit qua can phai dat dtftle Ngtfdi hgc di dtfdng ngtfili day vach Lflc nay, thinh ngffdi day da hanh ddng va ngtfdi hoc Ihi phan ffng, stf uie ddng nnh te giffa hai tac nhan da gdp phin tao nen mdi quan he rit dang chu y cfla day hoc itfting uie -Ttfdng tae ngtfdi hge - moi tiUdng ddng vai trd quan trgng liong qua trinh phill itien tri we va hinh pham chat dao dflc cho ngfldi hgc Mdi tiifdng la ndi ngtfdi hoc bdc Id khii nang m tue cua ban than Tuy moi trtfdng tot hay xiu se anh hudng cd Idi buy td hai cho stf phiil tnen nhan each loan dien cfla ngtfdi hgc 72 J Day vd hpc Dia li 12 vdi bdn dd khdi niem irong mdi irudng supham tUOng tat - Ttfdng tac ngtfdi day - Ngtfdi hgc - Mdi tnidng: Phtfdng phap stf pham Itfdng tac, dac biet lam tang gia tri cae mdi quan he tac ddng qua lai tdn lai gifla ngtfdi day ngtfdi hot va mdi tiUdng Tuy nhien, nbilu tac nhan thff ba - yeu td mdi tnrdng bi xem nhe qua liinh van hanh htiat ddng day hgc Moi irtfdng dtfde xem xet Irang thai ddng, ludn cd xu htfdng biln ddi va tac dgng tff nhieu phia den ngffdi day va ngtfdi hgc [6, 7] Tdm Iai cd ehe ttfdng tac trtmg mdi trtfdng stf pham Iii stf giao thoa gifla ba tac nhan Stf tUdng tac gifla ba nhan td hay hai ba nhan td tfly theo dieu kien vii hoan canb khiie 2.4.2 Nhung yeu cau su" dung BDKN day hoc Thdng qua viec htfdng din HS sff dung BDKN thflng ia cd the xay dffng cho hoc smh mdi phong each hgc tap mdi Chung ta khdng chi cung cap eho ciic em he thdng tri thffc khoa hoc ma cdn chl eon dtfdng de ITnh hgi kiln Ihtfc va ren luyen cho hgc sinh phtfting phap hgt tap hdp If, hinh thiinh nhan each cua ngtfdi Iao dgng ttf ltfc, lfch etfc, sang tao Tuy nhien de phat huy Idl da kha nang htic tap cua hgc sinh, sff dung BDKN chung ta can dam bao mdt sd yeu ciu ed ban sau day: - GV phai thtfdng xuyen iip dung eae phtfdng phap day hge tfch ctfe kit hdp vdi stf dung BDKN, cd nhtf vay mdi Ihu hflt dfltlt stf chfl y eua HS ti'ong gid hoc, tao cho HS hffng thu, Itf giac sang tao linh hdi tn thffc mdi - GV can hudng dan HS each xay difng va sfl dung BDKN de iff htie, cd kha nang trinh bay ndi dung kien Ihffc cd ban cua bai hgc mdt each td hieu qua - GV sfl dung BDKN phai hnh boat, phu hdp vdi ddi ttfting va kha nang nhan thffc cua HS, ren luyen cho hgc sinh phtfdng phap hoc tap htlp If, phat huy dtfde tfnh tfch ctfe, ttf sang tao va phat trien nang Itfc cua minh qua trinh hoc tap [8,9,10], 2.4.3 Minh hoa mgt sd bai hoc Dia li 12 bang ban dd khai niem f • , ^ ^ Hinh Bdn khdi niim the hiin npi dung Dia li 12 t Dang Van Dirt Nguyen Thi Ninh i 2: Vi tri dia li va pham vi lanh thn Hinh Bdn khdi niem Vi tii ilia li vii phtiiit vi liinh tho Bai 21; Dac diem dan so va phan bo dan cu nitoc ta Cfe 33 Hinh Bdn dS khdi niem: Ddc diem ddn so vd phdn bo ditn cu nUdc ta J Day vd hgc Dia li 12 vdi bdn dd khdi niem Inmg mdi tnrdng sU phgm lUOng ldc Ket luan Ban khai niem (Concept Map) dtfa tren each ihflc hoai ddng ttf nhien efla bd nao, la phuong thflc ghi nhd va the hien cac y tudng mdi Khi tao "Ban dd khai niem" mgt each chinh xac, khoa hgc la mdt each tac dgng manh me de hge sinh dat dfldc mfle eao vl kha nang nhan thUe Mgt ban khai niem khdng thi la mdt tdng eu htie tap, ma cdn la mgt cting cu diinh gia If mdng eho eac nha giao due stf phat trien vii danh gia hoc sinh Khi hoc smh lao ban dd khai mem, hge sinh nhie lai y ttfdng ,sff dung nhflng tff neng cua minh vii eung giup xiic dinh lai nhflng y ttfdng va khai niem khdng chinh xae; cac nha giao due td the nhin thiy nhffng gi hgc smh khting hieu, cung cip mdt each khiich quan de danh gia thfnh xiic cac linh vtfc mil hoc sinh chtfa nam bit khai niem htian ttian BDKN thtfc stf la mot cdng eu hflu feh de to chffc qua trinh nhan ihffc cua hgc sinh nham phai huy tinh tfch etfc, chu ddng, sang tao, niem dam me hflng thfl, tang ctfdng kha nang ttf hgc, ttf ngbien tflU cua btic sinh gdp phin ddi mdi phtfdng phap va nang cao that Itfdng giang day va htic tap dia Ii d trtfdng phd ibdng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [ I ] Dang Van Dflc, Vfl Thi Hffdng, 2012 Sd dung bdn lU day hgc dia li Tap chi khoa hoe DHSP Ha Noi, 57(4), Trang 120 [2] Tony Buzan, Pham The Anh dicb, 2007 How to mind map - Lap bdn dd lu Nxb Lao ddng - Xa hdi [3] Jean- Marc Demomme, Madeleine Roy, 2000 Tiin ldi mot phuang phdp su phgm lurmg ldc Nxb Thanh Nien [4] Phd Dflc Hda, Ngd Quang Sdn, 2011 Phuimg phdp vd cdng nghe day hgc irong moi trudng su pham tuang tdc Nxb Dai hgc Sfl pham Ha Ndi [5] htlp://www.inspiration.cdm/inspiralion-socialstudies-examples: Teaching and Learning with concept Maps [6] T.Tungprapa, 2015 Effect of V.sing the Electronic Mind Map in the Educational Research Methodology Course for Master-Degree Sliideni in the Faculty of Education Tnternatidnal Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol Nol I, pp 112-124 [7] Nadezhda O Yakovleva, 2014, Interactive Teaching Methods in Conlcinporacy Higher Education Pacific Science Review XX [8] Paul Reitano and Nictile C Green, 2012 The value of Concept Mapping in Developing Professional Growth in a Geography Methods Cour.se International Journal of Multiple Rearch Approaches, (2): 160-174 [9] Riswanto and P P Putra, 2012 The use of mind mapping strategy in the leaching of writing al SMAN Bengkulu, Indonesia International Joumal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol 2, No 21, pp 60-68 [10] S O Adodo, 2013 Effect of mind-mapping as a self-regidatcd learning strategy on studenls' achievement in basic science and lechnologw Mediterranean Jom nai of Social Sciences, Vol No 6, pp 163-172 Diing Van Dffc Nguyen Thj Ninh Teaching and Learning 12th Grade Geography using Concept Maps in the Pedagogical Interactive F.nvironment A concept map is a type of graphic organizer that is used used to help students get organized and represent knowledge of a subject Concept maps begin with a main idea (or concept) and then branch out to show how that main idea ean be broken down into specific topics Used as a learning and teaching technique, concept mapping visually illustrates the relationships between concepts and ideas Often represented in circles or boxes, concepts are linked by words and phrases that explain the connection between the ideas, helping studenls organize and structure their thoughts to further understand information and discover new relationships Most concept maps represent a hierarchical structure, with the overall, broad concept first with connected sub-topics and more specific concepts following, [nice copy-and-paste] The article mentitms the Definition of a Concept map, benefits of Concept mapping, how to Build a concept Map, and teaching and learning Grade 12 Geography using toncepl Maps in an Interactive Pedagogy Environment Keywords: Concept Map, Teaching and Learning Grade 12 Geography , the Pedagogical Interactive Environment ... Nol I, pp 112- 124 [7] Nadezhda O Yakovleva, 2014, Interactive Teaching Methods in Conlcinporacy Higher Education Pacific Science Review XX [8] Paul Reitano and Nictile C Green, 2 012 The value... TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [ I ] Dang Van Dflc, Vfl Thi Hffdng, 2 012 Sd dung bdn lU day hgc dia li Tap chi khoa hoe DHSP Ha Noi, 57(4), Trang 120 [2] Tony Buzan, Pham The Anh dicb, 2007 How to mind map... trinh hoc tap [8,9,10], 2.4.3 Minh hoa mgt sd bai hoc Dia li 12 bang ban dd khai niem f • , ^ ^ Hinh Bdn khdi niim the hiin npi dung Dia li 12 t Dang Van Dirt Nguyen Thi Ninh i 2: Vi tri dia li va