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Li I U41N OlAO DUC DAY HOC ViN Di DIM BAO AN lOAN CHO 101 IRONG NHDM UP flOC l i P 11 U K NHlî NG PHAT H I I N Vi NGHIEN cUu THlTC T I I N NGUYEN TH! MY TRINH* Ngdy nhdn bdi 30/05/2016; ngdy siia chu[.]
Li I.U41N OlAO DUC DAY HOC ViN Di DIM BAO AN lOAN CHO 101 IRONG NHDM UPflOCliP 11 U K - NHli^NG PHAT H I I N Vi NGHIEN cUu THlTC T I I N NGUYEN TH! MY TRINH* Ngdy nhdn bdi: 30/05/2016; ngdy siia chua: 01/06/2016; duyet ddng: 11/06/2016 Abstract: The article refers to danger to children at private classes both in physical and mpntd aspects and prososes solution to guaratee safety and create secured learning enuironment fcr children Keywords: Early childhood education; the private classes, the safety guarantee for early childhood I.Qatvande ftjy nhien, Cling chinh Song cac COsdnaydadexayra Cac chu tn/ong, Nghi quyet cua Dang, Chinh nhieu tai nan ttiuong tam, dac biet nhieu hien ti/cng phu, hudng din ctia Bd, Nganh deu cho thay Nha bao hanh ddi vdi SB em dupc phat hien Song thdi gian nudc Viet Nam phan (lau, cam ket dam bao cdng qua da cho thay nhiing han che, yaj kem rat can duoc blng va binh dang Song j a o rffjc/nan no/7 (G D M N),phdng ngiia, phat hien va chin chinh kjpttidinhlm ttiyc hien quyen cuafreem Song cham sdc, nudi dam bao an toan tuyetddi vettie'ehat Snh ttiln cholre dudng, giao due (ttie' hien rd net Luat va van Song nhdm, Idp DLTT, gdp phanttiuchienttianhcdr^ ban dudi Luat, cung nhu cae Nghj quyet cua Dang cam ket ciia Viet Nam ve quyen Se em va dam bao va Chuong trinh hanh ddng cua Chinh phii, Bd, cdng blng, binii ding Song GDMN Nganh de'ttiuc hien nghi quyet nhu: Luat bao ve, De'trong giai doan tdi de xuat dupe cac giai phiip cham sdc va giao due Se em 2004; Luat Giao dye hOu hieu nham nang cao chat lupng CS-GD \n 2005, Luat Giao dye sua dd'i 2009 vdi ndi dung "Tre dam bao an loan ve ttie' chat va tinh ttian cho Si emttiettiangtud'i dutJc cham sdc - giao dye (CS- nhdm, Idp OLTT, nam 2015 Trung tam nghiln GD) cac co sd GDMN"; Nghj quyd'f sd44- ciiu GDMN, Vidn Khoa hpc Giao dye Vipt Nam da NQ/CP ban hanh Chuong trinh hinh ddng cua trien khai khao sat nghien ciiu thuc trang hoatdpng Chinh phijttiuc hien Nghjquyetsd29-NQ/rW va quan li nhdm tre OLTT d khu vuc (khu conj 04/11/2013 Hdi nghj lln thiitam Ban Chap hanh nghiep, ddng dan cu, dan toettiie'uso) vdi tlnW Tmng uong khda XI ve ddi mdi can ban, toan dien phd:Thai Nguyen, Ha Ndi, VTnh Phiic, Nghj GD-DT Chuong trinh hanh ddng cua Bd GD-DT An, Gia Lai, Cin Tha, Binh Duong Ket qua khao ttiyc hien Nghj quyet sd29-NQ/TW ve ddimdi can sat cho thiy, viec quan li nhdm tre dcac dja phuong ban, toan dipn dd'i vdi GDMN vdi cac ndi dung ve dang din divao quy chuan, cae hoatdpng CS-GD CS-GDSeSJrO-6ttjdi tre nhdm, kip OLTT cang dupc cac c^ Thuc sin chottiay,hettidngco sdGDMN cdng quan li va edng ddng quan tam vdi nhiing hanh dpng lap hien khdng dap ling dupc nhu clu cua xa hdi ve ttiietthyc, nhdvay, chat lupng CS-GD Se cang CS-GD Se, dac biet la Se nho dutji tudi, vittie,viec dupe cai thien, d m lie dp nhat djnh da dap ling diflje phat Sien cac CO sd GDMN ngoa cdng lip la mdt tit cae nhu clu da dang cua phu huynh Tuy nhiin.d yoj khach quan Md hinh nhdm tre dpc lap tuthuc da sdcac nhdm, Idp OLTT (dac bietnhdm, kip nho (DLTT), nhdm Se gia^dinh cang pliat trien manh le va chua dupe cap phep)ttiie'uhlu hit cac fiiu med Vet nam da phai nao dap ling dupc nhu clu giii chuan tn/dng, nhdm Idp dam bao an toan v l ttif SBvaddngtticjsanseSach nhiem vdihettidng Sudng chat (theo Thdng tu sd 13/2010/TT-BGDDT cdng Song CS-GD Se dudi tudi d cac dja phuong 15/4/2010 ve xay dung trudng hpc a n toan phdng, Mac du Bd, Nganh va cac dja phuong d ittiuchien chdng tai nan ttiuong tich ) cung nhu, khdng dii nhieu giaphap Song quan li chat k/png hoatdpng CSGD vadam ba) antoancho SeSong nhdm, kipOLTT, 'ViHKliM life Giao dicVmilii 181 Tap chi Gido due so 386 (ki2-7/2016) cae dieu kien dam bao an toan vetinhthan cho tte.dwn bao yeu caucija Chuong trinh GDMN Qua Phan Viet sau day se cuttie'hda cac phat hien ndi bao cao ciJa cac cap quan li va kiemfrahd so, tai lieu Sren cua chiing tdi d cac nhdm, kip OLTT d khu vuc ddng dan cu, kliu Cac nguy ca khdng dam bao an toan ddi edng nghiep, chexulf chiing tdi nhanttiay:Tre dupc VOI tre a nhdm, Idp OLTT qua cac phat hien tii etiam sdcttieocheddsinh hoatmdingay Cac nhdm nghien cihi thuc tiln deu cdttii*; don hang phuhpp vdi Se cac ddStdl 2.1 Cac nguy ca khdng dam bao an toan ve Song nhdm Sdbira an cuafremdt lai nhdm ft/ tinh than cho tri 3-4 bife (gom biia chinh, biia phu, mdt sdnhdm 21.1 ThuchienhoatdpngCS-GDtechuadam chofrean bua sangttieoyeu cau cua phu huynh) baochatluaigtheoyeucajcijaChinmgtinhGDMN Tre (Jupc ngufruaday du Ve sinh ca nhan dupe G V 2.1.1.1 Hoat dpng giao due tre chua duacchu chu y,freduoc giu sach se, quin ao gon gang Tre trpng dung iriik Theo quy dinh cua Bd GD-OT (1 J,dutJc can mdt nam 2-3 lan (dau nim hoc, giiia cac nhdm Sesu'dung Chuong Sinh GDMN dupc Bd nam hpc vacua nam hpc), mdt sdnhdm ed'tdchiic GD-DT ban hanh nam 2009, nhien, qua nghien kham Stic khoe cho fre-1 nam lln ctilj cac ke hoach hoat dpng giao dye quan sat va Taimdinhdmliip,deuedftjttiudcvdicaettiu6cva phong van sau giao vien mam non (iQVMN), ngudi Cham sdc Se, chiing tdi nhanttiayhlu het dcac nhdm ea; dung cu so ciiu ban dau Tuy nhien, qua phdng tre OLTT khdngttiychien dly dii cac hoatddng giao van sau vattiaoktan nhdm chung tdinhanttiaychat dyettieondi dung ydu clu/ddttJaSong Chuong Sinh k/png nudi dudng SB lai cac nhdm OLTT khdng dam GDMN Mdt sdGVMN edn ddng nhat giiia hoatddng bao va khd kiem soat bdi cac li do: - Chi ph i cho bda giao dycAigay vdi hoat ddng choi - tap (vdi hinh ttiiican cua fre ttilp va chu nhdm S/ can dd'ittiu- chi ^ ySu la hat hay dpcttiova xem Svi), hayttiamchi fren CO sdkrh doanh cd lai; - Ngudi nau an chofreda hoatddng hpc (khdng danh cho Se dudi 36ttiing),vi sottiieucae chiing chi cinttiretde' hanh nghi; - Su ttiS, khdng Sen hanh giao dyefrequa cac hoat ddngkiem soat khau phan chit k/png biia an chii yeu dupc Song ngaymachuyludlutu cho gidhockhiedki^ CO quan quan li kierii fra dua Sen sdsach v i bang tra, dugidcua cae d p quan li Tai nhieu nhdm, Idp ttiuc don cua nhdm kip dupc dan edng khai khdng OLTT odja phuongttiudckhu vuc ddng dan cu, khu ttiudng xuyenkiOT Sattiucie viecttiuchienttiycdon cdng nghiSp canh Sanh ttiu hiit Se nen va kiem Sa mauttiucphim GVMN, ngudi Cham sdc Se edn lamttiaySdmoiviec, _Khao sat cac nhdm tre OLTT d khu vyc din tpc khdngttiyehen ndidung giao dye kTnang song, tinh ttiieu sdchottiayviecttiychien chedd nudi dudng v i chim sdc.ttiamkham siic ithde chofrechua dam tu lap chofre(bdn com cho ea Se Idn, lam ve sinh cabao Chedddinh dudng ciJafrekhdng hpp lido chii nhin cho Se, ) nhdm Idp khdng cd kha nang xay dung khi'u pha'n ^ Nhilu nhdm SeOLTT chua dupe cap phep hay ttiuc don cho tre Nghien ciiu cacttiucdon ciia nhdm hau het cac nhdm fre gia dinh thi GVMN, ngudi SB chottiayhlu h^chua dam bao chedddinh dudng Cham sdc trettiamchi khdng bill din Chuong Sinh ttieo dpttJdi.cung nhu chua can bing cac chat dinh GDMN bilu hidn nhu: •'/Vftdm cd cacc/iaun/ia&e, dudngfrongkhau phIn an ciiafre.De Set kiem chi lai it giao vien (G V) nen hang cho tie an uong phi, viec mua banttiucphan va ni'u nudng thudng va di vf shh da het thdi gian rot (Y kien cua chu nguiS nhi cua cac chii nhdmttiychien (hp khdng nhdm d phudng Coc Leu, Lao Cai); - 'Nhom co 10 cdsinh chiu, nhidu dd tuoikhac nhau, chS'dpan ngijkhac ddchuyen mdn nghiep vu cin thiet)n§n anh huong nhieu dai chit k/png biJa an Viecttieoddi nSn em khdng day baiban, chicho cac be coi siic khoe djnh ki khdngttiychien dly du v i ttiudng tranh anh va hat, coi ti vi Khdng co chuong trinh day vicacbeconnhoqua chijyeu & gid;xuyen chu (ttidng ttiudng 1-2 iln/1 nam v i chu yeu li ttieo ddi can nang) ySu mua tranh vecho be xem, tap hatmdisdbai cae nhdmfregia dinh (ton tai rat nhieu d VTnh Budi ctjieu nSu matttiiem cho chau san choi, Phiic, nSu ndngttiia nha coi tranh anh, tivi rdi hat TP Hd Chi Minh) frong dilu kien frdng giii mua vaibai {mm freOLTT chua duoc cap phep nhieufre0 cac dp Sia khac ngudifrdnggiii fre khdng cd chuyen mdn ve GDMN, ttiiic an ciia fre Phudng My Phudc, Binh Duong) hau het phu huynh chuan b j va mang tdi, dd 2.1.12 Hoatdpng cham sdc, nudi dudng duac khd cdttiedam bao ve che dp dinh dudng hpp li cho quan tam hon hoat dpng giao dix tre, nhien, chua fre Sing dp tudi Viec kham siic khoe dinh ki v i can :ii (ki2-7/2016) Tap chi Gido dye so 386 19 fre khdng dupcttiuchien Cheddshh hoat dupc chu chat lupngCS-GDfrekha chat che"C/)Jn/)dm Oft nhdmft/laprattiudngttieonhu clu cua gia dinh fre ttiam gia vao CS-GD tre; ttiudngxuydn difdl^ chiikhdngttieoChuong Sinh GDMN Trenh'teukhi quan sat cat; cdttongcac hoatdpng tai nhdm W ^ dihpcttieobomeHmcasdm tukJcSh sang cho nenkien ciia chii nhdm OLTT cd phep, Phudng Tnnig dai daytrengijden tan 8-9hmdlday'fy kien cua chii Nhj - VTnh Phiic) Odi vdi eic chu nhdm khdng co nhdm gia dinh phutjmg Tan Thuan Ddng, TP Ho chuyen mdn ve GDMN, viec giam satvieettiuchiSn Chi Minh) hoat dpng CS-GD fre ciia GVMN rat so sii Vi^ 2.1.1.3 Chat lupng CS-GD tre dudi tua tmng danh gia chat lupng CS-G D ciia chu nhdm dua ttie nhdm,ldpBLTTchuadupcphuhuynh,chijnh6m m dt sd tieu chieuttie'nhu: ti Ip tre/nhdm phy frat* quan tam Do SUdng mam non cdng lapttiie'udieu tang can, khoe manh di hpc deu khdng bd kip (jS kieii ve CO sd vat chat va dpi ngu nenttiudnglit handanh gii xep lo^lGV.chii chua dinh gia chat lupng che nhanfredudi 36ttiang(nhung phai cd hd khau giao duettieokit qua mong dpi/dpSJOIttieoChuong ttiucngfrijtai dja bifi), dac biet laSe dudi 18ttiang,do frinh GDMN Nhtmg Seu chidanh gia cua chu nhom phyhuynhcd nhu cau guiSecao.dae biet la khu cdng fri/dc het dap ling nhOng yeu clu cua phy huynh kN nghiep, khu che xult, noi tap Sung ddng dao phu gui tre: khoe manh tang can va yeu clu kji nhuan huynh - k/c lupng lao ddngfre,ttiunhapttiaip,ttidi ctia chu nhdm tren co sd tre di hpc deu khdng bo gian lam viec/ngay nhieu va cangttiSng nen phu kip, chuyen Idp huynhttiudngchpn gui eon d nhdm Se OLTT giri 2.1.1.4 Boi ngu nhan siskhdng on dinh, ralthiii nhi (ca khdng phep hoac cd phep), nhdm Se gia dinhvesoluang.pham chat, nang Itic dpi ngu chua dif v i khdng cd nhieu yeu clu ve chat lupng CS-GD: ling yeu cauttiuchien nhiem vu Nhilu chu nhom "Mudn duix cac cd cham sdc, cho an uong vafrinh ve dp van hda han ehe(fieu hpc Sung hpc cosd ) sinh daydu, sach se"(Y kien cua phu huynh phudngChil nhdm dnhieu nhdm tre (d|c bidt l i nhdm chua Tin Thuan Ddng, TP Ho Chi Minh") cap phepjehuacd chiing chiGDMN hay chiing chi Khao sat cung cho ttii'y chu nhdm OLTT chua quan li ve GDMN mpt sdfrudnghppttiuengudi co ttiyc hipn tot cac chiic nang: l$p kehoach, td'ehiic, chichiing chidung ten chu nhdm Mdt sdchu nhdm kiSm dao, kie'mfra,dinh gia v i dieu chinh hoat ddng CS- nhiemttiemnhiem vu cd nudi hinh chinh kitoan va GDfre.Nguyen nhan ehuyeuttiudcvl: -Oa sdchu thu quy cua nhdm fre nhdm chua dupc dio lao bai ban, diing chuyen nginh Vipe tuyen GVMN cd trinh dp chuydn mdn d?l ve GDMN v i ^uan li co sd GDMN Phan kin chu chuan v i kinh nghiem nghi nghippttiudngritkho nhom khdngnam chic ndidung chuong trinh, nen khan va chiphi Sen luong cao, nen nhilu chu nhiSm khdng ttie hd Sp v i kiem soat dupc viec ttiyc hien phaisirdung ngudi lao dpng khdng cd chuydn mor chuongfrinhcua GV; - Tn/(jng mim non edng lip v l GDMN Nhiing GVMN cd trinh dp chuyen mon fren dja bin dupc phan edng hd So nhdm tre OLTTthudng chpn nhdm tre OLTT khdng xin dupc ttiudng khdng hoac it cd nhdmfredudi 36ttiang,daclim viec d dau hoac chi lam lim liic xin vao biet, khdn^cdnhdmfreghep nhieu dpftjanen khdng cac CO sd GDMN cdng lap vi ttie hp chua thuc si/ huting dan chuyen mdn hieu qua cho chu nhdm; - yeu tre.j§u nghe ttiieu lim huyet M|t khac, si/ Chdnhdm (hoicngudfquan livechuydn mdn)ttiudtig cingttiangvettidigian lam vi^ddivdiGV.sdlupng ttiam khao ke hoach CS-GDfrecuafrudngmam GV it (so lupng GV CO nudi/sd tre tai cac nhim non edng lap, giao quyen cho GVMN h/quyetdinh OLTT cd phep dam bao yeu cau, nhung cac nhdm, hointoinfronghoatddng CS-GD tre, chittiuc hien Idp OLTT chua dupc cip phep chied G V/cd nu61) glim sit, dieu chinh cd nhdm cd vi'n de hay bj mi^ phai td chiic cac hoat ddng giao due tre ca nhac nhd GVMN cdfrinhdp chuyen mdn nhung buoi/ngay, thudng lim viec trln 10h/ngiy, hau h^ ttiudng khdng cdykien give kehoach CS-GD can phai den sdm dd'ddn tre v i trafremupn Vi|c CSttiuc hien chu nhdm xay dung, cho du biet nhieu GD tre dudi tudiddi hdi si/nhe nhing, gin gOi, l^n diem khdng phu hpp 'Chunhom xep lich daynhuttietuy dap ling cac nhu clu khac vdi Sing chiu, nao thicddaynhuttie, chu nhdmttiamkhaochuangda gay su cang thing v l tam li v i ttilchat dH vdi trinhciJa Tnrdng MN cong lap Thai HdsT {y kien G dJa V Trong hoin canh hp rlt d l "bung n ^ cac GV da lam viec dupc nam dnhdm fre) hinh vi cue doan khdng kid'm soil dupc ban Ket qua khao sat cho ttiay chtj nhdm neu cd ttiin v i tilm i'n nhilu nguy co mi't an toin v l mil chuyen mdn v l GDMN ttii viec kie'mfra,giam sat tinh ttiin ddi vdifreem 20 I r a p chi Gido due so 386 (kl2-7/2016) % ^2 Nguy ca khdng dam bao an toan vethe f , * " " ? ^-^^ ãô*?" cosdvatche&cua nhdm kip OLFTgwcac khu vixcdnhiingdiwn khacbietsonq deu eon rat han che khdng dam bao an toin v l vd s r i h v ^ dpng va phdngfranhtainanttiuongtfch cho fre nho bieu hien nhu: phuc vu giao dijcfrenhu: dat nan.but sap mau mac tided nhung khdng dii v l sd krong ttieo quy djnh, chat k/png chua dam bao (dat nan bi ciing, biil sap mau ngan, cij kT ).Oddung ea nlian cua frednhdm, kip (khan nia mat ca cdc )ttiieuratnhiaj vicu (khu vuc dan tpcttiieusd), hoac tuong ddi day du ve sd -Cosdh?^gcuacacnhdm.kipOLTTduoceai lupng luy nhien phan nhieu cu v i itcd ki hieu rieng t?o 1^1 lunha o(ttiue dia die'm hoac sudung nhi cua gia dinh) nen chua hoantoanphii hpp vdi fre Cac hoacftjycd ki hieu songfrevan diing chung lan Idn nhdm.kipttiupc khu edng nghiepttiudngkhdng dam (khu cdng nghiep khu ddng dan cu) - Chua chiifrongxay dungmdisudng giao due bao yeu cau ve dien tfch 1.5m%ettieoquy dinh [11 Cac nhdmfreOLTT deu khdng du cac phdng chiic phu hep Song nhdm, kip OLTT: Caenhdm Idp OLTT nang,ttiudngchi cd phdng dupc sudung da chiic va nhdm fre gia dinh - hoac chua chii frpng xay dung mdi sudng giao due (khu vuc dan tde ttiieu nang (hpc Choi an ngtj) so), hoac neu cd, viecfrangfriphdng Idp phIn nhieu - Nha ve sinh frong cac nhdm Idp OLTT deu chua phii hpp (dien tfch nhd,ttiietbi ve sinh diing chua dam bao tinh giao due, S'nh thim mT v i yeu Chung vdi ngudi kin, i'mttia'p.sin nha tron tn/pt ) cau phatfrienciiafre(khu cdng nghiep v i khu ddng T?i khu vuc ddng din cu cac nhdm Idp'deu dan cu): Do dien tfch cac nhdm, kip chit hep (khu conhav^snhkhepkin.frDngkhidddasdcacnhdm dong dan cuvi khu cdng nghiep) nenttiid'ucac khu ^ thupc khu cdng nghiep v i khu vuc din tde ttiieuvyc defretap van ddng, hoal ddng vdi vat choi sottiuong chi cd khu v§ sinh (khdng kh'ep kin) dong vai Nhilu nhdm, kip du duoc trang bi du sd B l d u n g Chung cho rat nhieu tre v i ddi bdfri lupng dung, dd choi tdittiie'u.ftjynhien GVMN ttiudng (Jhiedgang sip x ^ cho gon ging chufchua each xa nhdm, kjp ciia tre chu y den viec tao dilu kien defrede ding Sep can - Bip an cua cac nhdm, kip duoc khao sat da sd v i sudung ' chua pha bep chilu Cic nhdm tie gia dinh deu su Mptsdkhuyeh nghj vegial phap dam bao dyng chung vdi bgp an gia dinh an toan cho tre trpng nhdm, Idp OLTT • Sin Choi: ca khu vuc duoc khao sat cac 3.1 Trong ngan han: nhom, kip OLTT dIuttiid'uhoic khdng cd sin choi • Hottpnang cao trinh dd nhanttidcva chuySn neu cc^dien tfch khu vuc choi ngoiifrdittiudngrai fnonchocacdditumgten