NGON N G C S6 4 2015 XAY DVTVG BAI TAP Md RpNG V6N Tir Hd TRp Hpc SINH LOP 1 Cd KHd KHAN VE ©pC PGS TS NGUYtN THl LY KHA Abstract This article presents an experimental research on building vocabulary[.]
NGON N G C S6 2015 XAY DVTVG BAI TAP Md RpNG V6N Tir Hd TRp Hpc SINH LOP Cd KHd K H A N VE ©pC PGS.TS NGUYtN THl LY KHA Abstract: This article presents an experimentalresearchon building vocabulary expansion exercises to supportfirstgrade dyslexic students in Ho Chi Minh City Theresultsoftheresearchshow that these exercises have strong positive efTects on reading capacity of dyslexic students These exercises should be applied together with phonemic awareness, phonological awareness, spelling awareness and reading fluency and comprehension exercises Key words: vocabulary expansion exercises, dyslexic students, first grade students l.BitAadi C6 the n6i, tir nam 2010 d^n nay, Vi§t Nam, chiing kh6 dpc (Dyslexia) khdng c6n 1^ hi$n tupng qud xa I9 v6i nhOng ngudi quan tSm d^n linh v\ic d^y hpc cho hpc sinh (HS) tifu hpc c6 khan v^ hpc ([2], [3], [8], [9]) Theo th6ng kl ciia Khoa Tam U B$nh vi$n Nhi D6ng Tp HCM, c6 70% - 80% s6 tr6 mic chimg kh6 dpc t6ng s6 tri khuyet t|lt hpc t|ip (Learning Disabilities) dfo kham vi tri li?u tsii khoa [11,201-204], [12] Cic nghien ciiu ve chung kh6 dpc neu r6, chimg niy tic dOng trade bk den ning dpc vi vi^t, vdri nhiing bifu hi^n r6i lo?n vh dpc nhu dpc s6t, dio doi tr$t tlf cic chtt, kh6ng nhit quin gitta dinh van vi dpc trctn, kh6ng nim dupc nghia cua cau, do?n vira dpc; kh6 khin viet chinh ti, nhu bi sfit chiS cii, s6t tir, sai chil, v.v [6], [16], [17] D&ng thdi mOt bieu hi?n cia tri kh6 dpc thudng dupc nhic tdi li ven tit nghto nin Hi^n tupng niy khdng khd giii thich, bdi tit vvmg ci nhan inh hudng tivtc tifp tdi chM lupng dpc luu loit vi dpc hifu vin bin [13] Do dd, m^t nhihig bii tjp ngdn ngO h5 trp tri khd dpc thudng dupc df c?p li bii tjp md rpng v6n tit [9] Bii vift niy cua chiing tdi bin vi vi?c xiy djmg vi thii nghipm bii t$p md r$ng vf n tir (MRVT) hS tn? cho HS ldp d Tp HCM cd khd khin vf dpc tren ca sd gii thuyet: neu HS ldp I cd khd khin vf dpc dupc ho trp bang bii tjp MRVT s\r phoi hpp hii hoi vdi bii t$p nh|in thiic am vj, nhin thitc im thanh, nh|n thuc chlnh ti vi viet, bii t|p dpc luu loit, bii t$p dpc hifu thl se cii thi|n dupc ning l\rc dpc Thyc h i ^ nghiln cftu niy, chiing tdi nhim myc tilu: thift kf bii tip MRVT SV kft hpp vdi cic bii tjp ngon ngii khic theo kifu Uch hpp df h5 trp cho HS ldp cd khd khin vf dpc cii thi$n kl ning dpc trdi chdy vi dpc hifu xay d^rng bii t^p 19 Phurtfng phip 2.1 MSU nghiln cftu Vipc xiy dvmg v i thft nghifm bii t|p MRVT svr kft hgp vdi cic bii t$p ngdn ngft khic ciia nghiln cftu niy nhim hS trp cho HS ldp d trudng tieu hpc t?i Tp HCM dupc chin doin cd khd khin vf dpc (trong dd HS dupc tic dpng nim hpc 2012 - 2013 [3] vi HS dupc trp nam hpc 2013 - 2014 vi hi 2014 [7]) Vipc chin doin niy dupc dvia theo bing kl 44 tri^u chftng khd dpc cua Hpi Dyslexia Austialia 2011 [16], [17]'; nh$n xit cua giio viln, phy huynh vf tCmg HS vi quan sit trvrc tifp cfta nhdm nghiln cihi cimg kft qui test dpc vift chung tdi biln s o ^ [9] Qua quan sit, chftng tdi nh|n thiy HS niy cd kft qui dpc, vift kim, ket qui hpc tip cic mdn toin, vl, hit, thf dye, binh thudng [3], [7j Nhthig HS niy khdng b] khuyft tit tri tup, khifm th), khifm thinh, nhung dfu cd nhthig bifu hifn cfta HS b] khd khin vf dpc nhu sau: 1) Hau het phii dinh van rfi mdi dpc, nhifu chii khdng nhat quin gifta dinh van vi dpc tron, thi dy: u-a-ua- cd-ua-cua-con gh^; nd-d-md-dm-ndm ttty, (HS dinh vin, nhung dpc tron theo hinh inh minh hpa) 2) Thudng lln l$n, dio, dfi, bd sdt chft cii mpt chft; them chO, ho^ thay thf im - chii, thf dy: ndm-'mdt/mdn/md: It-' ti/lp/tll/ia; cie da "bdha/ bi bd/ bi da/ nhe; cdt-* ldl/cdp', tim -* lit/mil/ tim; bia-* dia/ du/ dua; bd sdt chft (tft), nhiy ddng, 3) Thudng dpc lin ldn cic chft cii, chft sf cd htoh dpig tucmg ty vi khic ve hirdng^ (nhu b-d-q-p, u-n, ch-nh-ph-lh-kh, qu-nh-ng, d-d, Su sdc vi ddu huyin); nhim lan trit ty chft cii chft hojc vin, vdi nhiing bifu hi|n nhu nhim, bd sdt, dio dfi trit ty chft, chft cii dpc\ 4) Thudng dpc sai ty vj cd chft cii, nhu ch, Ih, ngh, nh, ng, ph, kh, ti; ua, ye, 5) nhiing bii dpc gfm nhifu cau, ho^ ciu gfm nhifu tft (chft) tri khdng djnh vj dupc diern diing TM dy: HS dpc Vdng/ti'dnghifn/ lln sou/ rdng/ dda/ cudi bdiJ/Sdng vd bd ri/rda/ri rag (mdt ciu vin tiong Sich giio khoa (SGK) Tifng V i | t l , tip 1) 6) Ndi ning thudng khdng trdi chiy, phit im chim, cd vl nhu thieu tft ngft dl dien d?t j nghi; thudng xuyin ling trinh vipc dpc 7) Khdng hieu y clu, d o ^ da dpc 8) Khi thvrc hipn bii tip chip hoic bii chinh ti nghe vift, thudng p h ^ l5i: bd chft, viet thieu chft cii; thtoh thoing dio ti^t ty chft cdi m_0t chft, vift nhim lin chifu hudng mOt sf chft, nhu n, u vi ddu sdc, ddu huyin, diu phy chft d, chft ^ 2.2 Tifn ttinh nghiln ciiu Nghiln cftu niy dupc thyc hipn theo trinh ty sau: 1) Gip gd giio viln, giio viln gidi thipu nhihig HS mi hp cho li dpc rit kim, "dfiy mil nhung van khdng dpc dtrpc"; "thuOc bing chft cii nhimg khdng ghIp vin dupc" 20 2) Hoi cftu ve doi tupng: quan sit cic bii vift tri di thyc hifn, phong van gido viln, phy huynh ve qui trinh phit trifn cua til, vf vifc hpc cua til, chu y ki ning dpc, viet Lo?i trir cic yeu to vf thi gidc, thinh giic, ting dpng gidm chu y, roi lojui hdnh vi, khuyet t|t tri tuf, mdi trudng ngdn ngii khdng thuin lpi, hodn cinh song khd khin, dnh hudng dfn kft qui dpc, vilt cua cdc em 3) Dua gido vien, phy huynh bdng 44 trifu chftng cua tri khd dpc vi nhd hp nhin xet ve con/ em hp bing cich ddnh diu vio bing (myc hp quan sit thiy d con/ em minh) 4) Tifn hinh kiem tra dinh gii ning lye dpc, vift cua HS: dpc, viet chtt cii, chft don giin, chtt sd, cym tft; dpc tft gii (nonsense word), vift tft gii (dem giin); dpc do?n, bdi cd dm vin tuong img vdi thdi doim ddnh gid (thudng li sau 1-2 tuin so vdi phin phoi chuemg trtah bii hpc am vin d ldp), de xdc djnh miu nghiln cftu 5) Bien sogn bai tip h5 trp, kifm nghifm df khd vd dp tm cay ciia bii tap ho tit? qua doi tupng HS binh thudng (chpn ngiu nhiln) vi HS dupc chin doin cd khd khin vf dpc Trln ca sd tinh toin dp khd cua bdi tip, chung tdi tifn hinh biln s o ^ cdc bdi tfp cy the theo miu di dupc kifm nghifm ve dp khd vi dp tin ciy ciia bii tip [9] 6) To chftc h5 trp: cho HS thyc hifn bii tip MRVT sy ket hpp vdi bii tip nhfn thftc im v], im thanh; bii t^p nh|n thftc chinh td, dpc luu loit vi dpc hifu Nhdm thft nghifm thyc hifn cdc bii tip chung tdi biln soan [9], [10]; nhdm HS btoh thudng vi nhdm dfi chimg thyc hifn bdi tip tiong SGK vi vd bii tip kim SGK 2.3 Xiy dvmg bii tfp md ipng vfn ttt 2.3.1 Cdc bii tip md rfng von tft dupc bien sojin theo nguyen tic: - Bim sdt chuemg trrnh vd SGK, phft hpp - SGK vi sich buoi 2; - Tich hpp vdi cic bdi tip nhin thftc im vj, nhin thftc am thanh, nhgn thftc chinh ti vi viet; dpc trdi chiy; dpc hieu; - Tich hpp vdi nhiing ho tip ve tim U vi cdc bai tip tri nhan khdng gian [10] 2.3.2 Hf thong bai tip MRVT dupc bifn sogn bao gom bii tip hf thong hod vfn tft, chinh xic hoi vf n tft,ti'chcvrc hoi von tft; MRVT theo ciu tgo tu, theotiirdngnghia (nhit li kieu bii MRVT theo tradng nghia liln tudng) Tit ci cic kieu bai tjp deu dupc bien sogn theo hudng tich hpp vdi cdc bdi t^p nhgn thftc Im vi, nhgn thftc chlnh td vi vift, dpc luu lodt vi dpc hifu thdng qua hmh thftc bii Iuyfn dpc, bii t|p dien khuyft, nfi, bii tgp chmh ti Bii t$p MRVT theo tradng nghia dupc xiy dvmg bing cich l|p danh sach cdc tft vyng theo chu df MRVT bing vifc kf, ndi difu tii biit, thicb vf chu df lifn quan; bang bdi dpc dudi dgng trayfn dong thogi, tha ngfl ngdn; bing bdi tip ke chuyfn theo tianh Cic bii Iuyf n dpc cd lupng chft tuang duang vdi lupng chtt ciia bii hpc SGK vi hudng tdi myc dich MRVT bang hf thfng tft ngft tiong bii dpc Xay dyng bdi tgp.„ 21^ ciing hf thong cdu hdi tim hieu bdi dpc vd each ggi md hf th6ng hod tir ngQ' theo n^i dung bdi Giai doan d^u hgc ki 1, cdc bdi c6 dm v4n don gidn, mang mdu sdc dong dao, so lui^ng chii - ti^ng khodng 20-25 chfi Giai d o ^ giihi hQC ki ve sau: cdc bdi Iuyf n dpc dugc vilt theo d^uig truydn dong tho^, so lugng chft tdng dan 30-50-60 chil/ bdi dpc Bdi tg.p Iuyf n dpc lu6n di k^m bdi tdp MRVT Cdc bdi t^p MRVT dudi d^ng dien khuyet, n6i, chgn tir dong nghia, %hn nghia dl thay thl, c6 dung lirgmg tuong duong vol bdi tdp HS dugc hgc tuAn tuong iing ho$c tru6c 1, tuin Cdc truyfn ke phan Ithi Id truy$n ngu ng6n, truy?n dan gian c6 dung lu HS kitimg dogntiuy$ntiieotranh Th6m vdo dd, ehung toi th^c hi?n bi$n phdp "trd choi hda" bdi t$p Thl du trd chcfi Dd-mi-nd\ Gido viSn chu^ h\ hgp dyng th6 do-mi-no tft Gido vien phdt eho HS nhftng quan do-mi-no ed tft de lan (moi HS c6 ciing s6 lugng do-mi-nd nhu nhau) -> HS chgn ede thd do-mi-nd -> hai HS choi nhu choi d6-mi-n6: m0t HS di qudn d6-mi-n6 diutiSn,HS thft hai ehpn tft ed am dau giong nhu am dau eua quan thft nhat va ddt ke quan thu nhat, d^t thd d6mi-no HS phdi dgc to tft dd ISn -> HS h^ thong l^i i^iin^ tft dugc hgc thdng qua trd chcri, thl dy: bi-di, da-ba-pa, ndng-ngdn, blin-biiu, Hodc trd choi Bingo: Gido vifin giao eho moi HS mOt bO 16 td vdi nhieu hhih dnh khde vd thd tft (xd giay ddn ho$e edt inieng xop gdn vao de t^o thd tft cd chft n6i) -> Gido vifin ggi tfin d6 vdt, HS ldng nghe, dgc cdc thd tft cua mlnh, chgn thd tft ftng vdi ten v^t md gido vien dge va d^t vdo tranh -> HS ndo cd dft thd tft theo mgt dudng thdng (theo chilu ngang hodc chieu dgc cfta b$ Id td) thi ho to Bingo Gido vien kiem tra 1^, nlu HS d$t diing thd tft vd dgc dugc edctiidtft dd Id i^;udi ehien thdng, thf dy: (qua) cau/ can (nudc), than/thau, ban/bdu, ddn/ddu, tdn Id/tdu, (ggt) tdn/tdu, Ho$e trd chcd TViic xanh: Gido vifin chuin bj bdng tft -> HS l^t m^t vudng, dgc tft dugc chgn, ghi nhd tft dd vudng s5 dugc ftp I^ -> HS l^t d vudng tiep theo, nlu giong chft vfta chgn ban dau vd HS dgc diing tft, iihd dling s6 thft tu cfta vudng ban dku s6 dugc dilm Nlu vudng chfta chft NgSn ngii so nim 2015 24 khdng dung, HS lit d vudng tifp theo -> HS tifp tvic l|t cic d vudng cho den dpc hft cdc tft Thi dy: chu de v|t dvmg: dg, bdo, bgo, dao, cdn, cdu, tdu, (ggt) Idn, bdn, bit, nut, dim mit, chudng diln, v.v 2.3.3 Vifc tuih df khd cua bdi tfp dupc tifn hinh nhu sau: chpn ngau nhiln 50 HS ldp 1, cho nhftng HS niytiivichifn cic nhdm bii tgp, ddnh gii kft qui bdi Idm cua HS, thong ke so lifu vd ip dvmg cdng thftc de tinh toin Budc 1: phin logi HStiieoning Ivrc hpc t|p thinh: nhdm gidi gom 25 HS^cd diem cao nhit; nhdm kim gfm 10 HS cd difm tiiip; nhdm tiimg binh gom 15 HS cdn lgi, khdng phytiiufc hai nhdm tiln Khi dd "hf so vf dd khd (K) cfta bii tip dupc tinh nhu sau: NG+NK K= 2n xlOO% (NG: So HStiiupcnhdm gidi ti^ ldi dftng ciu hdi; NK: So HStiiupcnhdm kim tri ldi dftng ciu hdi; n: Tfng so HS nhdm gidi) Thang phan logi dp khd dupc quy udc: - Neu cd 80% -100% HSflivichifn dung •* de; - Neu cd 60% - 79% HSflivrchifn dftng -> tiimg bhih; - Nfu cd 40% - 59% HStiivichifn dung -> tucmg dfi khd; - Nfu cd 20% - 39% HSflivichifn dung -> khd; - Dudi 20% HStiivrchifn dung -> rit khd Nfu dp K tft 25% - 75%: dftng bhihtiiudng;K tft 10% - 25% vi 75% 90%: cin tipng dung; K 90% khdng dftng" [15] Bang Ket qui thft nghifm dg khd ciia hf thong bii tgp ~ —-—~_S4iiS thvrc hifn dung G Tin bii tgp ~~ —.-^_ Bii tip nghia cua tft 24 Bii tip hf thong hda von tir 24 Bii tip tich cvrc hda von tft 23 Kh TB 13 11 12 Df khd cfta bii tip 64%: tiling binh 60%: tiling binh 52%; tuang doi khd Kit qud d bdng trfin cho tiiiy dg khd K (tft 52%-64%) d mftc d0 trung binh doi vdi HS ldp Tft dd, cd thl suy li4n c ^ bdi tdp duge bifin sogn d mftc dg vfta sftc vdi HS cd khd khdn vl dge So li^u vl dg khd K cung cho thay nhdm bdi tdp tich cue hda v6n tft tuong doi khd Do dd, nhdm bdi tdp ndy dugc ehiing tdi sft dyng tde dgng d giai dogn sau, giai dogn HS dd duge phdt triln von tft vd cai thi^n duge mgt phin kl ndng dgc Dg tin egy cfta bdi t^p dugc tinh bdng phuong phdp kilm tra - kilm tra lgi (Test-Retest Method) dk xem xdt vl tinh 6n djnh eua kit qud thft nghifm gifta hai lan (vdo hai khodng thdi gian khde nhau) trfin cung mgt nhdm doi tugng Nlu bdi t ^ ddng tin egy, (^ khd cua hai lin kilm fta s€ ed s\r tuong dong hode tuong quan eao Xiy dymg bii t|p 25 Cdng thiic cua Henning [4] dupc sft dvmg df tinh df tin ciy cfta bii tip: fit = fl, 2- Trong dd ro la hf so tin egy, ri, li svr tuong quan gifta kft qud cfta hai lin kifm tra cftng mpt dfi tupng Cic chi sf: 0.8 -1.0 svr tucmg quan tot (dp tin egy cao); 0.6 - 0.8 svr tuong quan trang binh (dp tin egy trang binh); 0.4-0.6 svr tuong quan kem (df tin c|y thap); 0.2-0.4 svr tuong quan rat kem (df tin cay rit thip) Bang Df tin c$y cua bai tip """"^—S^l^fhvic hifn dung TSn bii t f p ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Bii lgp dgy nghia ciia tft Bii tip hf Ihong hoa von tft Bii lgp tich cyc hoa von tft G 24 24 23 Thft nghifm (1) Thft nghifm Kh TB K, G Kh B 13 64% 25 14 11 60% 24 15 12 52% 24 14 (2) KI 'l.! 68% 64% 54% 1.0 1.0 1.0 Sd li$u d bdng trfin eho thay dg tin egy cfta bdi tgp cd s\r tuong quan tdt 2.4 Cdch thftc ho trg hgc sinh ldp cd khd khdn vl dpc 2.4.1 Vi§c to ehfte thft nghidm dugc thue hi?n vdi thdi lugng bu6i/ tuan, moi buoi tft 35-40 phiit Nhdm doi chftng duge hge d ldp, thuc hi?n cdc bdi tdp SGK vd saeh ho trg hgc buoi vdi giao vifin phu trdch ldp Nhdm thft i^hi$m dugc hgcrifingvdi gido vifin hS trg vd bdi tdp chftng toi bifin sogn 2.4.2 Hlnhtiifteho trg: kit hgp ho trg ed nhan vd ho tn? nhdm nhd Hinh thftc nhdm nhd (thudng Id nhdm ddi) dugc chii y sft dung nhdm tgo hftng thft cho trd 2.4.3 Phucmg phdp trd choi hod edc bdi tgp cimg phucmg phdp da gidc quan dugc sft dung t6i da Ngodi ra, cdcftngdung edng nghf thdng tin chftng m\rc cd the theo n$i dung bdi hgc cung dugc chii y khai thae Mdt khae^ chiing tdi ciing sft dung hinh thftc kl ehuy$n cho HS nghe vd yfiu eau HS ke lgi tftng dogn truy$n theo tranh (1 truyfn/ tuan); truydn vd tranh dfiu chiing tdi t\f bifin sogn, khdng diing lgi truy$n ed SGK eiing nhu sdch hgc bu6i M5i truy?n cd dg ddi tdng din tft 100 din 150 chft, ehia ldm dogn vdi tranh minh hga Cuoi moi thdng vd cu6i m5i dgt: to chftc kilm tra xem xet su tiln triln cfta d6i tugng thft nghifm trcng su so sdnh vdi nhdm HS binh thudng 2.4.4 Phan botfioigian, ngi dung vd quy trinh cho mgt buoi ho trg nhu sau: 1) Khdi dgng (2-3 phut) vdi cdc bai tgp dieu ph6i trdi - phdi, trfin - dudi, hdt kdm cdc dgng tdc v ^ dgng, nhdm h3 trg tri nhgn khdng gian vd de tao tamlivuivdchoHS[10] 2) Kiim tra (5 phut): HS th^rc hifn lgi cdc bdi tgp dd hgc d bu6i trudc nhdm giiip HS cftng e6 dm vin dd hoc, giiip gido vien kilm tra kit gud hgc tgp cfta HS dl cd nhftng dieu chinh ve n$i dung, phuong phdp; vd nhdm muc dfch dgng vifin, khuyen khieh tgo tdm thl t\r tin cho tre 3) Th\fc hi$n bdi tdp mdi (20-25 phut): kit hgp ede kilu bdi tgp nhdn thftc dm vi, nhdn thftc amtiianh,nhgn thiic chlnh td vd vilt, MRVT, dgc luu lodt vd dge hifiu Kit hgp vdi bdi tdp Id cdc trd choi hgc tdp xen k6 (ede trd choi NgSn ngfi so nim 2015 26 vdi nhifu hmh tiiftc nhu bii tip thift kf trln power point, flash, bii tip td mill, din chft, - giai dogn diu); kf chuyfn theo tranh 4) Cung cd, ddndd(^-3 phut): giao bii tgp ve nhi vi hudng din bii kf tifp Ket qua thir nghifm Nhu (H timh biy d ti^n, thft nghifm bii t|p MRVT d nghiln cftu niy khdng tich rdi vdi nhflng bdi ^p hf trp khde (nhgntiiiicim vj, imflianh,chfiih td vi vift; dpc luu lodt, dpc hieu) Vi vfy, ket qui dudi diy, tiiy df cfp tivc tifp tdi npi dung tft ngtt vi ning Ivc dpc luu loit, dpc hifu nhung cd thf ndi diy li hi qui cfta vifc sft dvmg tfng hpp cic logi bii tgp qui trinh chftng tdi di tien hinh hStix?cho HS nim 2012 - 2013; vi HS nim 2013 - 2014 thufc miu nghiln cihi di nlu d myc 2.1 3.1 Ket quifliftnghifm 2012 - 2013 Bing Kft qui vf sft dyng tft Nbdm d i i c h d n g HQC sinh binh thirdng Nhdm thft nghi m DP HM NH TN VA GK Till VA TK DH DN Ky NA HT MU N6i Iheo chu d i ^ (s6 ttr dtog) DiSn til (s6 tft dlillE/Stir) Ch^ntii (s6 tft (Uni!/Sift) SauthfrngliifiD Ndi theo chu diem (s6 ttr dune) Dien tir ls6 tft dting/Stir) Chpn tft (s6tCrdiing/5tii) I 1 4 5 1 I 1 1 3 1 0 1 3 5 3 2 6 3 1 3 4 2 3 5 Bing K f t qud dpc liru loit, dpc tft g i i , chinh ta v i d p c hifu Tnidcthfrngb^m DP HM NH TN VA GK TTh VA TK DH DN KQ NA HT MU S6ch(l(ti») 23 22 30 48 49 docdiuie/60s ChCld^nhv^/ 25 cho DQC til gii (til/ 60s) So chil viSt dling/ 60s Sd cfiu tra 16i iunf!/ i cSu Sau thi> nghifm sa chd («i) doc diinK/ 60s Ch&dfinhvfin/ 30 chit DQC til gifi (tit/ 60s) S6chO vilt di)nK/ 60s S6 cSu tri Ifti ddng/ cSu 20 25 23 25 24 24 25 24 23 24 0 1 1 6 16 18 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 45 21 32 29 46 10 18 25 22 16 49 50 48 58 59 15 25 17 18 38 30 22 26 35 0 18 10 12 15 14 10 12 35 42 3 2 4 3 1 2 4 27 Xfly d y n g bAi typ Bdng Ddnh gid cda gido vien vl khd ndng dgc vd diln d^t cda hgc sinh trudc vd sau ho trg \panh \gid H S \ DP HM mi TN VA Tmdc h6 trg Sau hd trp - Dpc sai rdt nhilu vdn - Cd gidm sd van dpc sai - Toe dp dgc tit chdm - T6C dp dpc tien bp rat rd - Thinh M ] ^ chi c6 the tid IM cau Mi - Dpc hieu cd tien bp, cd thl trd Ifri don gidn nhat theo kieu lya chpn dung dupc 1/2 -> 2/3 cdu hdi vl ndi dung bdi dgc vdi (filu ki$n khdng bj bd budc sai vl npi dung bdi dpc - Ndi n ^ g U nlii, h ^ nhu khong phat ve thfri gian biSu •$ kien - Ndi nSng rd rang hon, thinh thodng cd diam gja xay dyng bdi n h ( ^ ldp - Dpc sai cdc t\i V) c6 2,3 chQ: cdi - Dpc sai ^ V) 2,3 chO cai cd gidm - Nhd het cdc vin don gidn - DQC rdt ch$m • Thv^gvi^mlanb-dp-q, u-^d-d - Dpc dung cdc t^r vi ^ n 2,3 cha cdi - Dpc sai > 3/4 so tvr V) c6 2,3 chff cdi - Gidm nham lan b-d-p-q, u-n, d-d - Toe dp dpc cd tiln bO rd r§t - Qugn mpt s6 vdn kh6 - Hdu nhu khdng Ird 16i dupc cdu h6i - Thhih thodng cd thl trd l^i duQc ve n$i dung bdi dpc, ke cd cdu trfic nhOng cdu hdi trdc n ^ e m don gidn nghi$m dung sai d^ng don pin n h ^ vl n$i dung bdi dpc - Ndi ngic ngi, phdt dm rdt ch$m, - n i ^ am cd nhanh hon, bdt ting tr§nh thu6nf! xuySn ldng t r ^ dupc h6l kiu Aipc hdi Dien d$t vdn cdn ng&c ngd^ - Dpc dung hit cdc vdn - Dpc sai nhilu vdn - Lln lOn b^-q-p, n-u ddu sdc - ddu - Gidm ldn ldn b-d-q-p, n-u ddu sdc huyen - ddu huyin - T6C dp dpc cd tiln bp - T6C d$ dpc qud chdm - Hdu nhu khdng trd Ifri dupc cdu boi - Dpc hilu cd tiln bp, cd the trd ldi dupc 1/2-^2/3 cdu hdi vl ndi dung vk nQi dung bdi dpc - C6 vk ldng tdng ndi ning, ndi bdi dpc vdi (£eu k i ^ Ididng bi bd bupe vl thfri gian thufmg b) vdp - Bdt Idng tdng, bdt vap ndi n3ng - Da phdn biet dupc trdi phai - Ldn l$n trdi phdi - Lln l$n trdt t\r chtt cdi cha - Gidm lan trdt ty chii' cdi chtt - N h ^ lln d ^ sdc - huyin, hdi - nga - Khdng lln ddu sac - ddu huyen - HIU nhu khdng trd Idi dupc cdu hdi - Cd the trd \in d\K?c nhOng edu don gidn vl npi dung bdi dpc v^ bdi dgc - Ndi nSng ldng cung, Ididng t r ^ cau - Dien d^t bdt ldng cung - Ch! dpc sai cdc van khd - Dpc sai rdt nhieu van - Khdng cdn lln ldn b-d, q-p, ch-nh - Lln Idn b-drq-pr, 5-d;n-u, ch-nhpk — - Toe dp dpc cd tiln bd- TSC d$ dpc qud chdm - Thinh thodng chi cd dll trd ldi cdu - Dpc hilu cd tiln bp, c6 thl trd ldi hdi trie nghidm dung sai don giin dugc 1/2 -> 2/3 cdu hdi vl npi dung bdi dpc voi dilu kien khdng bj bd nhdt vl npi dung bdi dpc - Ndi ndng chdm, cd v^ ldng tung rO budc ve thdd gian dien d^t - Ndi n&ng g3y gpn hon, ddng cau cd Iugng tiit ddi hoi khd rd 28 Ngfin ngflr s6 n i m 2015 3.2 Ket q u i thft nghi?m 2013 - 2014 (Dgt n i y khdng c6 hpc sinh kh6 d