KlfNTHIlrc TiNH HUONG GIRO DUC TOAN HOC TRONG Gin DINH CHO TR€ CM M A U GIRO CHUCAWTHO TfU&ngOHSPHiN^^ I M^rdau Cae nghifn cfltJ cua Berch (1998), Bruer (1997), Case (1998), Gersten v i Chard (2CX)1)[.]
KlfNTHIlrc TiNH HUONG GIRO DUC TOAN HOC TRONG Gin DINH CHO TR€ CM M A U GIRO CHUCAWTHO TfU&ngOHSPHiN^^ I.M^rdau Cae nghifn cfltJ cua Berch (1998), Bruer (1997), Case (1998), Gersten v i Chard (2CX)1) va mot so t i e g i i khic eho thay, hau hft trf em da cfi nhflng hifu bift don giin ve toan hpe ttep xflc vdi cha me, ngUfii than, thf gidi ben ngoii tfl tnjfic dp tuoi i^ hoe Doi vdi chflng, khong ein thift phii cfi mfit dinh nghia chinh xic'so'li gl,"ph6p tinh'lag3,'hinh"ia gl.Vl dfii vdi trf nhfi, tryc quan la cfing ey hifu q u i nhit giflp chflng hifu v i brft i p dung kien thflc vio thyc tifn hpc tip Theo cie nghifn cflxj efla nhi t i m li hpc noi tifng Jean Piaget (Tam If hpe Piaget, NXB Giio dye, 1996) cfi thf phin chia cic giai doan phit trifn cua dfla trf thinh Giai doan van dfing cic glie quan (tfl dfn tuoi) v i Grar doan trufic cfi nhflng thao tic rinh mach (tfl dfn tufil) giai doan vin dpng cic giic quan, trf hinh thinh trf khfin diu trfn nhd vin dfing cic giic quan, dfl^ trfi hlnh thinh v i bfie Ifi dupe mfit loat eic kl ning d f nhin bift thf gi(3i xung quanh Chflng tieh eye thyc nghifm v i khim phi thf giiM Di giflp trf phit trifn eic phim chit tuduy, cin t^o mfii tnidng tieh eye df trf cfi thf phit huy tfii da cie giic quan VI viy, eic nhi t i m If hpc thufing khuyfn eac bie cha me hay cho eon duoe hfia mlnh vio thf gidi thifin nhifn, nhung mfii tnjdng khic nhau, khfing nen bfi hep khfing gian cfla trf Giar doan tfl dfn tudi, theo cic nghifin cflu J Piaget v i cie cfing sy sau niy, trf phit trifn manh ning b i t chufic v i eung hpc c i eich difn dat Cflng vcii sy phit trifn manh me ning ngfin ngfl, nim bit cic quy luit xa hfir (die bift l i quy tie cU xfl v i dao dfle), trfi cflng trfp nhin rit nhanh cie tri thflc toin hpe dfi cfi hlnh hpe v i sfi hpc Chflng cfi ning ty khim phi v i tifp nhin cic tri thflc vf sfi (dfm, sy tuong flng eua so vdi so lupng cie phin tfl cfla t i p hpp, gii tri cfla sfi, so sinh, quy luit diy sfi ty nhifin , Vf hinh hpc trf cfi thf tifp nhin dupc ^ nifm va nhin bift thfing qua hlnh bifu difn cfla mfit sfi hlnh CO bin c i hai chifu v i ba chif u Nhifu trf da ed the bifu difn dupc hlnh v i phin bift cac d i u hifu nhan bift gifla eie hlnh don giin nhu: tam giac (efi 38 B*H irM GIAO OUC XA & u r CHUC canh), tfl giic (cfi canh), hlnh vufing (cic canh bing nhau), hinh chfl nhat (gifing eanh cfla) Trong x i hfii hren dai, trf em ed nhifu diiu kifn df tifp xflc vdi nhiimg mfii trufimg phong phfl vf vit chat v i thfing tin Tuy nhifn, theo khio sit cfla Cdng ty Co phan Phit trifn Giao due POMATH thyc hifn nim 2012 vdr trfn 2,500 phy huynh khu vyc nfii ttiinh Hi Npi va mpt so nghifn cflu efla cic nhi t i m If hpc cho thay, trf em giar doan trudc di hpc {tfl4 - tufii) hien lar ft dfloe tifp xuc vfii mfii trufing giio dye ngoii trudng hpc mfit cich tfch eye, nhit l i giio dyc gia dinh [4] Trong eae nghifn cflu chl nhflng Id fch to Ifin efla glio dyc gia dtnh vcM trf em [2], thl nhurng gla dinh trf fi Vift Nam lai g i p khfi khin to chflc ho^t dfing giao dyc cho cil (sau diy gpi l i eic ho^t d^ng choi cflng con) M$t m^t ed nhflng inh hufing ldn khfi khan v f co sfi vit chit, thdi gian Mit khic, eha me eung thifu nhflng hifu bift vf tfi chflc hoat d^ng giio dyc tal gia dinh ehp Nhifu trf duoc lim quen vdi cac trfi choi hifn dfi, cic phuong tifn, cic trfi choi dlfn tfl tfl sdm Nhifu trf 1^1 bj dfing kin nhi, han chf tifp xflc vdi b^n ngoii vl lido an toin Trong ba nam trfi lai diy, vfir sy ty nguyfn cfla m$t sfi eha m?, chflng tfii da tifn hinh mfit sfi nghifn cflu, nhim tao cic hoat dfing giio dyc theo xu hUdng ci nhin, hoic nhdm, giflp trf cfi thf dugc thyc hifn cic trfi Choi, tfl dfi tifp nhfn cic tri thflc toin hoc v i phit trifn eic ning luc khic (nghifn cflu phfii hyp cung phfing dio tao - Cfing ty Cfi phin Phit triln Glio dyc POfWATH) Trong khufin khfi eie nghifn eflru cfla mlnh, ehflng tfi xin gidi thifu mfit sfi tlnh hufing giflp eha m? cfi thf choi eflng m i khong phii tuyft dfil l i mfit ho?t dpng hpc toin f p bupc Mfit sd tinh hufing g i i o due t o i n hpc gia dinh cho t r f em m i u g i i o 2.1 Hlnh thdnh biiu tuang vi su tuang dng T r o n g t i n h h u f i n g n i y , n h d c i c h o a t d f i n g cfi v f phi t o i n h p c (tfi m i u , t i m d u f i n g d i , nfii h l n h n h f i c i c sfi), t r ^ se d i n d i n efi t h f i i q u e n l i m v i f c n h d n h i n quy l u i t v f s u t u o n g flng [2] Cfi t h e la t u o n g flng m i u s i c J J * vffl hoat dong, tt/ong dng I d g i c Qua dotteduoe nnluyenoc,uansit,phintfeh,tlnghop Vi du Td mau cac bdc ttanh Vldu3.Vehuihnhdnlicicsd(Vlc6oii(Hlnh3l c,,otidU,*, 6iJZt«"'du:S^pTi'm quen vdi cic sa thiy sd gan giii va thu vi Chameeungtfevecongi,dinhsotf,eothdn/bude ttiuc hien Tre vda nSm dune quy luat ve hlnh, vtta ttiSy duoe mdi quan he giua so vi tiiuc tfln eua ve hlnh (hlnh 1) Cd thl ddng hoat ddng ehottlttt 3tt,littdl#n r?^ o° b° b^° Hinh Ve hinh nang tien ci Vi du Td miu theo liing miu (cho t r i ttt tudi) s^'r -l^y^ "'ll-CdthethaydoiphlptlnhbAicacsodlbebIt dautirdldlnidtl: o Hlnh Cic budc ve g i VI du Tim dudng di tiong m l cung (eho t r i ttt tudi trd lln) Tlnh hudng nhu sau: Teo bj lae vio khu rUng sd Em hiy giup Tio tim dudng quay lal eda rdng! Cha me tao bttc tranh (xem bdc tranh - Wnh 2), ttt dd cd thl Bin hinh trd choi theo md ti, chSng han: Tio ddng d vl tri sd Cic si dUdc dinh theo thd tu giim din ttt VI0 trin dudng di Cda rdng nim d vi tri si nhu buc tranh sau: Hinh Ve chim cu mIo 2J Vnh huong hinh thdnh biiu lugng vlsd, vl hinh Dung hoat ddng ehdi vdi que dilm, que tfnh d l tao so, tao hinh Qua dd ren luyen ki ning xip hlnh, su kheo lio, nr hlnh hoctt/duy vl si cho tri (5) Hlnh Hm dulmg trongmecung 39 Vi du Chfli vfii fiue difm a Ghfp so theo mau: E D b Di chuyfn que tfnh df duoc hlnh ehfl ehfi quay dau ngupc lai: /\ A c Di chuyfn que tinh df chfl c i boi theo chif u ngupc lai: Oip i n i BAttllNGrAOOycrtlXASUICHtIC f KIENTHlTC d Em hay dl chuyin que Onh de hlnh vudng cdn hlnh vudng: 40 €)apan e Di ehuyin vi tti cda que 1,2,3 tdi eic vi tti khie d l tao tfrinh hlnh VUdn 20 g Di chuyfn que df t?o thinh hinh vufing: 70 Oip in — ~ sfte-j/ioK I 41 [ K I ^ N THffC h Chi di chuyen que dtem, hay lay q u i t i o khoi chiec ly 1*1 #1 Oip an 2.3 Hlnh thdnh thdi quen tim quy ludt Trong tinh hufing nay, efi thf dung cic trfi choi "dfm cich'(tUOng ty trfi 5,10,15,20; efi thf thay sfi khic) ([5]), ve hlnh theo quy luit df rf n cho trfi nang tim quy luit Vf du Dlfn s6 ti/ong ihig theo hlnh: AD — - + = A A Q — "^0+0+0-0 AAnn-o+o+o+o=o ADD- 0+0+0=0 Cha me ed t h l tso nhilu quy luit don giin cudc sdng d l choi cdng t r i ChSng han; Nim b l hon me mdt tui,, nim sau bo hon m? miy tuii? Con hon em hal tuii, t u i i em tull, eon tudi thl em miy tuii? g,up t r i nhin bllt hlnh hpc ed tt,e vda ehdl vda diln t i eSu tnic hlnh cho t r i ChSng han, ed t h l Uy hdp sua, hdp dung diu ed ve d l ndi v l hlnh ttu (cho eie hdp niy lin trin sin), q u i bdng d l n i l v l hlnh ciu lin mpl phB), hgp qui de n i l v l hlnh lip phuong Nhdng Ide vui choi edng eon, cha me ehd i dimg eiu d l S L " i l " i t '- V " " i r ' " "^ ' ^ ^'^" ' " * " * ° " ^ ''^^'" P*-* " "">- l"St Oi' Oilm eda hlnh, eda su vit hifn tuong Khi gap nhung d l vat tuong tu, t r i ein dugc nhic nhd d l ed nhdng liin tudng v i luyln t i p [31 Kit luin ^ O M A ™ " ; ! ; , h f " ' , n*",* Z',?!"' t""^ * ™ '^i » " " ' h i | m vdl eie b l ttt - ttill tai trung tam toin tTinX^eh» ' h H ' " 'J^"9 ™ ' " 2013 Cd t i t ei 36 b l v i eha m? tham gia thd nghiim MSi au^0tuin t ^ , n ^ T h - ' " K* ' " ' ? " ' » " ? " " t1= gl^o »iln mdt gid.Tal lilu dugc ehuyin giao eho cha m, a l i i eha ™ ^ I t h f ; " ^ i dU chdng tdi goi y, eha me diu rit d l thuc hlen tai nhi Hi|u qui mang die M , i H r ^ ^ h ^ ^ - ?K / ! ! , ' , " ^ " " • ' ' ° ' " ' ° " kW "Ui tuoi, cdi md Tri dugc rin luyln nhilu ki ning due to*n"h« M n n l ^ h " V ° ' " J T M " ^ ' "" "" """"^ « * ""^ ^ = "" '"^ OOng mang tlnh glio due toan hoc ttong smh boat g,a dinh Nd vda mang lai loi Ich vin hda, vda cd y nghia giio due eho t r i 42 Btll UN GIAO Due m X A S IAI CHOC ... sau bo hon m? miy tuii? Con hon em hal tuii, t u i i em tull, eon tudi thl em miy tuii? g,up t r i nhin bllt hlnh hpc ed tt,e vda ehdl vda diln t i eSu tnic hlnh cho t r i ChSng han, ed t h l... THffC h Chi di chuyen que dtem, hay lay q u i t i o khoi chiec ly 1*1 #1 Oip an 2.3 Hlnh thdnh thdi quen tim quy ludt Trong tinh hufing nay, efi thf dung cic trfi choi "dfm cich''(tUOng ty trfi... nhu sau: Teo bj lae vio khu rUng sd Em hiy giup Tio tim dudng quay lal eda rdng! Cha me tao bttc tranh (xem bdc tranh - Wnh 2), ttt dd cd thl Bin hinh trd choi theo md ti, chSng han: Tio ddng