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''''J TRAO DOI DIEN DAN 132 VAI TRO CUA QUAN LI VA T 6 CHU C L O P HQC V6l VIEC PHAT HUY TINH NANG D O N G CUA L 6 P HOC NGO L̂l NGU* ThS Nguyin Thi Hoai Minh* Mdr dau Vao mdt ngiy binh thudng, liic 12 3[.]
'J TRAO DOI-DIEN DAN 132 VAI TRO CUA QUAN LI VA T CHU C L O P HQC V6l VIEC PHAT HUY TINH NANG D O N G CUA L P HOC NGO^Ll NGU* ThS Nguyin Thi Hoai Minh* Mdr dau Vao mdt ngiy binh thudng, liic 12:30 trua, giio viSn budc vio ldp de bSt diu gid dgy tilng Anh ciia minh Sau nhihig ciu chio hdi thdng Ihuimg, giao viSn bii diu hogt dfing dau liSn: Teacher:Cc/ap5 his hands) Attention, please! Now listen, repeat and the actions Ready? Stand up! Sit dow/n! Again, stand up! Sit down! Stand up! Clap your hands two times! Now three times! Say "ready to study"! Louder, please! One more time, louder! ' Chi vdng 30 giiy, dudng nhu sinh vien lay lgi sy boat bil ciia mmh m$c dii thdi tiel dang giiia trua oi hire Khi iy, giio viSn cd the bit diu hogt dgng hgc d ^ lien Tat nhiSn, sp hogt bat diu gid sS chiin xudng neu sau hogt dgng "khdi dpng" ky, sinh vien phai ngdi yen mdt chd mi nghe giing Thich thiic that sy ddi vdi ngudi day khdng chi li viec to chirc nhihig trd khdi dOng nho nhd nhu tren dS tgo su thu giin mi la lirn ui su ning ddng ciia ldp hgc sudt hoic liSi hpe, suot khda bgc kSo dii 15 luin hudng ngudi hpe dgt nhting muc tieu hoc tip Thill lap vi tri tinh nang dgng cao gid hgc chinh li tgo dilu kifn hoc tip tkh cue cho ngudi hgc, dr dd hifu qui hgc tgp cQn^ dupc ning cao Doi vdi ngudi dgy, bi quySt ay nim d ca "nghf Ihugt" va "khoa hoc" Id chirc vi quin li Idp hgc - kha ning nim bit dugc nhiing d^c diSm, hanh vi, nhihig thay doi trang thii tim 11, nhjp dg hpe tgp cua ngudi hgc, va nfing tic dfing ldi keo su chii y, kich Ihich phil huy nang lyc ciia ngudi hgc Iheo hudng tich cyc Tinh nang dong ciia ldp h^c Trong hogt d^ng hoc diu tien sau khdi dgng, dS chia Idp ihinh nhung nhdm nhd ddng thdi giup sinh vien on lai kien thiic cu cd lien quan den bii hpe mdi, giio vien hudng dan: Teacher: Each student to my left hand, please, take one sheet of paper (from here) Now, lookt On the sheets, you have '^Find /HW students in ihe class who and sil next to them."- You have to find students fnam this group (to my right hand) that fit to the description on your sheets While you're looking for the right persons, ask questions in English Got it? {checking underslanding hy asking students lo repeat main points) Now everybody, stand up and mingle, Sinh viSn bat dau di chuyen Idp va giao lilp vdi Khdng Idp hpe tilp tyc sdi ndi Trong khoang thdi gian niy, giao vien quan sit vi nhac nhd sinh viSn sir dyng tilng Anh, giiip dd sinh viSn cin thiSt Vdi hogt dgng niy, giio viSn khdng nhung tgo miic dp giao lilp giiia cac sinh vien cao mi cdn cd till giup sinh viSn dn tap ciu true ngif phap va su dung ngdn ngii m^i cich dgc lgp Dd li sy kSt noi chat chS giiia nang lyc ngdn ngii vi nang lyc giao tilp, giua ca nhan va tap thi, giQa tinh dgc lip va ning hap tic, vi gitra sinh vicn vi npi dung mdn hpe Tinh ning ddng ciia nipt ldp hgc ngoai ngir dupc the hifn d mdc dg tham gia mpt each ddc lip, sang tgo ciia ngudi hpe vao qui trinh hpe, miic dp giao tiep, cdng tic giiia ngudi dgy vi ngudi hoc, gida nhung ngudi hpe vdi Qc lao sy nang ddng tir vife tiSp thu, dn tap kien ihirc dSn viec ip dyng klen thiic vio cic tinh hufing ngdn ngii, ngudi day cin phii xem xdt, kit hpp va tin dung nhieu ylu to khac Mfit ldp hoc bao gom co sd vgt chit, tii lifu hpe tap, ngudi dgy va ngudi hoc ludn cd • Ct'Cll Khoa Vgoai AgH Jhimig Dpi hpe W r/i HCM • Irich nh^i ki liip hoc ngiy 15/OW2I)IO, nil dO)- demo man Thirc hanli giang dgy Tiing Anh cho trnh iien lApAll)7BI • Cac i&Run- hoong ddn hoal ddng bao gdm ciic eta, co cimg mil Iota cdu Iruc n^tphdp sinli Men da du^c hoc a bill hov inrac 133 TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO (19) - 2011 nhiing mdi quan hf qua lgi, inh hudng Ian Tinh nang ddng ciia ldp hgc cao hay thap phy t h u ^ vao nhung die diSm va tic dpng tich cue qua lgt ciia nhirng yeu tfi niy Lowman (1995) tdm tit cic anh hudng ddi vdi vifc hoc tgp cua sinh vien d bic dgi hpe so dd sau day: cau tnic ngij phap mdi Iheo each truyin thfing, giio viSn tilp tyc yeu ciu sinh viSn thuc hifn cac boat dpng khim phi dilm ngu phap mdi' Scr I: Cic yeu tl inh hirvng den vifc hgc tap cua sinb vien dai hgc (Lowman 1995:5) YEUTdANHHUONG HINH THirC HOC TAP NGUdi HQC NGLFdl DAY CHUONG TRINH Mac dil ket qui hgc tap cua ngudi hgc khdng nhit thilt phin inh hoin loan chinh xic ciia hogt dgng dgy, nhung tir so dd tren, chung ta thay ring nang lyc va dgng co hgc tap cua ngudi hgc chiu tic ddng tryc tiSp tir nang luc vi d§ng ca ciia ngudi day va ndi dung chuang trinh Trong hai yeu tfi sau, ndi dung chirong trinh thudng cd djnh, ngudi day cd thi tac ddng va quyet dinh y nghTa cho cic ySu td cdn Igi Nang Iuc vi dpng co cua ngudi day se mang lgi phong cich rieng cho hp triSn khai mye tieu ctia chuang trinh va cich thirc td chiic boat dgng hpe Do dd, vai trd cua ngudi dgy ddng vai ud hit sue quan trgng viec Ui tinh nang dgng ciia ldp hoc Quay trd lgi vdi bufii hgc lilng Anh sau sinh vien da dm dupc ngudi diing vdi mo la yong cic td giiy hudng dan, sinh vien bay gid da dupc chia ihinh cac nhdm nhd ba ngudi TiSp theo, thay vi tn;c tilp trinh bay mdl Teacher: {delivers a reading text and guidance questions to each group) As a group, read the text and answer the questions Nominate one student in your group to write the answer down (after 10 minutes) Now two groups work together and compare your answers Cac nhdm sinh viSn Igi cd co bgi lim vifc hop tic dS tim hiSu dac diSm ngii phap mdi; sau dd hg Iai cd the dgc lap kiem Ua cdng vifc ciia minh vdi bgn hpe tii nhdm khac KSl qua cudi ciing cua cic hogt ddng tren Ii quy tic ngu phip mdi cac nhdm sinh viSn tu tim Sau da tdm tat \'a nhan xet ket qua lam vifc ciia ca Idp, giao viSn tiSp tuc td chtrc cac hoat ddng giao ticp de sinh viSn thyc hinh sir dyng diSm ngir phap mdi.Vifc td chiic nhdm mot ' Tir gac Irong lleng Anh- "diKOveryacnvilies", cdc hogi dpng a' linh chdi (I) /igtnh hoc khdm pha ddc diim ngon ngiJ ihdng tfua quon sdi lien ludng, ldi ldp kien thac: (2l nguoi h^c iTuw huong dan de lin he hoach ihirc him •" danh gm kei am hnql dpng TRAO DOI - D I E N D A N each da dgng va sii dung cic hogt ddng kham p h i die d i l m ngfin ngii ^ u p sinh viSn tham gia v i o qua trinh hpe mpt cich chii ddng va tich cyc TCr dau gid hpe, sinh viSn ldp hpe lien tpc lam viec vdi nhihig ban hoc khic hgc hdi lan nhau, cd co hdi chia se y kien, kinh nghifm cua minh Tir dd, sinh vien cd the cam nhan qua trinh hpe tap thoai m i i , phong phii v i cd chat lupng hon Vifc chu t i m den u'nh nang dpng ciia Idp hgc l i m^t hf qua t i t y l u ciia mye tieu dgy hgc " L i y nguai hoc lam trung tam" Trong g i i n g day t i l n g Anh, khic vdi phuang phap day truyen thong, phuang phap giao tiep khuyen khich nguoi day tao cic co hgi de ngudi hpe giao tiep vdi cang nbieu cang tfit, thdng qua cac hoat dpng ddi va nhdm (Freeman 2000) Dfing lyc hpe t i p cho ngudi hoc cung dupc cai thien hon ngudi hpe cam nhgn dupc niSm humg khdi, tinh thuc tiSn v i lpi ich ciia viec sii dyng ngdn ngii Tuy nhiSn, v i f c thay doi vai trd cua ngudi dgy dan dSn viec ngudi day phai l u Uang bi nhiing k^ nang quin l i v a to chirc ldp hoc m d i Hanner (1991) cung cho rang dS cd thS tbanh cdng vdi nhiing boat ddng giao t i l p va vdi c i tinh ciia timg ngudi hpe, nguiri day c i n cd thdi gian d l tich luy kinh nghifm viec thay ddt c i c h thiic q u i n li Idp hpe chat chS, t i p trung vao giio viSn sang cich d i l u khiSn linh hoat sinh viSn phat huy tinh dpe lgp ciia minh Trong thyc t l g i i n g day tiSng A n h d Trudng Dgi hgc M d , c i c b i o c i o tir cdng t i c dy gid Idp hgc cho thay khai n i f m "lam viec ddi/nhdm" va "hoat dgng giao tiep" khong he xa Ig vdi ngudi day v i ngudi hgc Tuy nhiSn van chua thS ket lugn dupc l i tinh n i n g dgng ciia cac Idp ngoai ngQ' cao de cd the mang Igi h i f u qua th^i sy kSi qua hoc lap NguySn nhan l i dau? Nhung hoal dgng Idp (thudng dupc t h i l t k l s i n ndi dung chuong trinh) cd thS t r d nSn vd dung neu ngudi day khdng tich cyc d i u tu cho each id chiic cac hogt dgng n i y mdt cich phii hop 134 ( v o l ddi lupng ngudi hoc) hay khong cung cap du ihdng lin cho ngudi hgc Ndi mdt c i c h khac, neti sy t h i n h cdng cua mdl liVp hgc phu thupe vao tinh nang dpng ldp bpe thi c i c h giao vien to chirc v i q u i n li c i c hogt ddng Idp se quyei djnh sy t h i n h cdng Oac biet ban \ di ngtroi hoc da quen vdi v i f c hgc thu dpng khong co niSm tin v i o n i n g luc cua minh, Ihl chi cd "ngudi thay bang niem t i n vd bd ben, bang ky nang rat tinh xao mdi khoi dgy nai ho n i l m t i n m d i d ban t b i n " (NguySn Thj Oanh, 2008) To chur va quan li Idp hgc hifu qua Tir gid day v i dy mieu ta d phin tren cd ve nhu vifc td chirc Idp hoc phiic lap v i m i l thdi gian Theo phan hdi cua cac g i i o vicn quan sat Idp hoc IrSng A n h tgi Trudng Dgi bgc M d , nhieu giao vien cd dua vao mdl sd boat ddng ddi/nhdm vao b i i g i i n g nhung van quySl dinh g i i i phong each day truyen ihdng la chi'nh (NguySn Thj Hoai Minh & Nguyen Nhu Quynh, 2010) Nhieu khd khan dupc neu ra: co sd vat chat thiSu, thai gian thyc banh it, ap lyc thi cii cao nang lyc v i dpng co cua sinh vien tliap, va die biet l i g i i o vien t h i l sy chua tim duoc dpng CO de thay ddi That vgy b i n than ngudi day cQng can t i m cho minh nhirng ddng codS thay ddi Cangelosi (2007) cd l i n dua mgt w sinh thu vi gifla cdng vifc ciia ngudi day vdi cong vice ciia bic s5' phau thugt n i o ngudi Ong ban lugn r i n g mdt bac sy phau thuat nao phai lien hinh hing loat cac cdng vifc lir chin d o i n cac trifu chung v i q u y l t djnh phlu thuat xac djnh cac y l u td can t h i l t cho sy thinh cdng, len kS hoach v i chuan bi cbo tien trinh p h l u Ihuat, tiSn hanh phau thuit va theo ddi dien b i l n cua benh cua bfnh nhan va cudi cimg danh gia k i t qua ciia ca p h l u thual Ve co b i n , cQng nhu mgi ca phau thuat n i o viec dgy h i x cQng p h i ! trai qua c i c buoc nhu the, nhung vifc dgv hoc cdn phirc tap ban nbieu Trong Idp hgc ngirdi day thudng khdng t h i cd nhiing tien nghi xa xi nhu mgt bic sy, ngudi dgy khdng chi p h i i dav 135 TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO 1(19) ~ 2011 mgt sinh viSn mi Ii 30 sinh vien ciing mdl luc (mgt so van cdn khiem tdn ddi vdi cac ldp ngogi ngii igi cic Uudng Dai hgc TP.HCM) Hon nira, khong nhu bac sy cd ci mgt e-kip phy md, qui trinh day ciia minh, ngudi day khdng hS cd mpt sy trp giiip nio, nhung phai cd nang dilu khiSn nhiSu dac diSra khac cua ngudi hoc cung mpt luc: nfing khieu, ldng tu trgng dpng luc, cdng sy chii y, ldng say me ddi vdi bai hgc v.v NSu qua trinh giing dgy hifu qui phiic tap nhu viy ngudi day cin chii y din nhung ylu td nio? Trudc tien, hay nhd rang m&i lop hpe dSu cd su nang ddng die trung rieng khic vdi Idp hpe khic dupc quylt dinh bdi nhthig ci the ldp Do dd, neu cac ca the dupc td chiic tot dS lim vifc nhip nhang vdi nhau, tinh nang dgng se hd trp cho hifu qui hgc tip Tuy nhien, cho dil khdng ddng nhal, tat ci cac ldp hgc dSu cd mgt sd dgc diem nhat djnh: (I) d gi^ doan bat diu, cic ca the phai hinh dung cich van hinh ciia ldp hpe vi vi tri cua minh Idp; vi (2) ldp hpe nao cung bao gfim nhiing ci nhin hpe each tu linh hogt va san sang vdi cac tinh hudng, hinh vi da dgng ldp hgc " TiSp theo, ngudi dgy can ap dung vi trau ddi ky nang td chirc va quan li ldp hpe hifu qua cho cd thS phit huy tinh nang ddng ciia ngudi hgc So dd tdm tit cac ySu td liSn quan dSn ky nang td chiic va quin li ldp hgc Tir so dd 2, xay dung thdi quen vi ky lugt Uong Idp hpe cho tit ca cac doi tupng ngudi hgc la rat quan trpng Chiing ta khdng thS cd mqi ldp hpe mi cac sinh vien cd nang lyc hgc tgp nhu chting ta khong IhS yeu eau cic sinh viSn cung hpe mpt npi dung vdi kit qui va ySu thich gidng nhau, cung khdng thS dinh thdi gian cho tat ca sinh viSn nhu Cai mi chiing ta cd the lam la xay dyng cic thdi quen hgc tgp tich cyc Idp hpe, vi tat ci cic sitA viSn ldp tdn trgng, hd trp lan Irong khudn khd ky luat tip thi Cac Ihdi quen hpe t^p - lich cue chu d^ng cac hogt dpng Idp - dupc hinh theo lung giai dogn nhit djnh: ngudi hpe d nhung trinh dg khic se trai aua cac budc khic vdi thdi gian khic Scr 3o 2: Cac ylu to ii^n quan din by ning tS chuc vi quin li Icrp bi>c vdi nhiing ca tmh khac bift diu cd inh hudng nhat djnh din giao tilp Idp (http://isiles harvard.cdW) Nhu vay dl cd thi Id chuc va diSu khien Idp hgc tdt, ngudi day cin bit diu Tir kinh nghiem giang day cua minh, tie gii bil vili chia qua trinh hinh thinh thdi quen hogt dgng nhdm ciia mgt ldp hgc ba giai dogn• Giai dogn 1: Tfi chiic cae hoal ddng TRAO DOI - DIEN DAN 136 don giin dl giup ngudi hpe tim kiem cim giic yen tam bit diu lam quen vdi thdi quen mdi • Giai doan 2: To chirc cic boat ddng nhim xay dung y thuc vl ban thin, xac dinh muc tieu, nhu ciu ca nhan, tiln den vlfc hinh thinh y thirc trich nhifm cho viec hpe ciia mtnh • Giai dogn 3: Td chiic cic boat dpng dd ngudi hpe cd co hdi cdng tac vdi bgn hgc vi giao viSn, xay dyng y thirc tap lh|, liy cdng cua mdt tap thS li thinh cdng cua ca nhin lim ciia ngudi dgy din each thiic to chuc ldp hoc se giup mdi quan he thiy - trd vi khdng Idp hpe trd thinh nhung ylu td xiy dung nen dgng co hpe tip vi nang lyc ciia ngudi hpe Thuc tl cho thiy ring: cac ylu td liy ngudi hpe lam trung lam dang dupc quan tam va ap dyng d mpt muc dp nhat djnh Tuy nhien, ben cgnh kien thuc chuySn mdn, y thiic r^n luyen cac ky nang quan li Idp hpe ciia ngudi hoc, hieu qua day va hgc cao ban ngudi hgc khong chi hpe kiln thirc mi cdn dupc hoc phuong phap hoc Ngudi day cd thi chuan bj cic boat dgng theo trinh ty nhu vay de giiip ngudi hpe din ^ thiic ve cich hpe vi hinh thdi quen Tat ci cic hoat dgng dSu dupe dilu hinh thdng qua each tao su chu y ciia ngudi hgc dSn ngi dung cua bii hoc hay ky ning, each hudng dan ngudi hoc cho don giin vi hifu qua, cich tfi chiic nhdm linh boat eung nhu each sap xep bin ghl Idp hoc de tao su thay ddi, v.v Nhu vgy, viec to ch^c Idp hoc kbdng chi la qua trinh tfi churc trinh ly n^i dung dupc hpe ma cdn phii td chiic cich thiic ngudi hpe liSp can nhimg ndi dung dd nhu thi nao Trong giang dgy ngoai ngii, vifc ngudi day quan tam den each thiic td chiic va quin li ldp li dieu kifn tien quylt dl Ui tinh ning dpng cao cua ldp bpe TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Cangelosi, James S (2007) Class room Management Strategies: Gaining and Maintaining Students' Cooperation 6"'ed John Wiley & Son, Inc Chu trinh dgy hgc dupc hoan thifn bdi phan nhgn xet va danh gia vl ket qua dgy vi hgc sau moi bufii hpe Viec nhgn xet va danh gia cd thi chinh ngudi day thyc hifn tren buoi dgy cua minh (nhu viee su dung nh^t ki ldp hpe dupc mieu ta irong phin diu) Cdng vifc cung cd thi dupc thuc hifn dpi ngij giio vien ciia mgt uudng thdng qua cic budi dy gid vi trao ddi kinh nghifm, Ket lugn Mfit Idp hgc ngoai ngii cd tinh nang ddng tot tat ci ci nhan Idp hpe chii y, ling nghe, va tdn trpng lln qui trinh liSp thu va thyc hinh tiSng Anh Sy quan Freeman, Diane Larsen (2000) Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching 2"'ed Oxford University Press Harmer Jeremy (1991) The Practice of English Language Teaching Longman, Lowman, Joseph i995 Mastering the Techniques of Teaching, 2"^ ed Jossey-Bass Richards, Jack C et al (1992) Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics, 2"^ ed Longman Group UK Limited NguySn Thi Hoai Minh & Nguyen Nhu Quynh.(20l0) Tim hieu viec doi m&i phuong phdp gidng dgy tieng Anh thong qua viec quan sdt hogt dgng l&p Tap chi Kboa bgc Trudng Dgi hgc Md Thinh phd Hd Chi Minb, so (17) Nguyen, Thj Oanh (2008) Tdt ca la ngu&i thdy Nguyin Phan lupc ghi Bao X\xh\ tre 18/01/2008 ... triSn khai mye tieu ctia chuang trinh va cich thirc td chiic boat dgng hpe Do dd, vai trd cua ngudi dgy ddng vai ud hit sue quan trgng viec Ui tinh nang dgng ciia ldp hoc Quay trd lgi vdi bufii... Trong g i i n g day t i l n g Anh, khic vdi phuang phap day truyen thong, phuang phap giao tiep khuyen khich nguoi day tao cic co hgi de ngudi hpe giao tiep vdi cang nbieu cang tfit, thdng qua... humg khdi, tinh thuc tiSn v i lpi ich ciia viec sii dyng ngdn ngii Tuy nhiSn, v i f c thay doi vai trd cua ngudi dgy dan dSn viec ngudi day phai l u Uang bi nhiing k^ nang quin l i v a to chirc