TAP CHl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Nggc Minh \JXAC DINH Ki NANG REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SU* PHAM THÛ OfNG XUYEN CHO SINH VIEN DIA LI TRONG PHU*ONG THlTC DAO TAO TIN CHI 6 CAC TRlJOfNG DAI HQC SlT PHAM N[.]
TAP CHl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Nggc Minh \JXAC DINH Ki NANG REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SU* PHAM THU^OfNG XUYEN CHO SINH VIEN DIA LI TRONG PHU*ONG THlTC DAO TAO TIN CHI CAC TRlJOfNG DAI HQC SlT PHAM N G U Y E N NGOC MINH' TOM TAT Bdi bdo khdi qudt tdm quan trgng vd cdc nhan id dnh hudng din ren luyen cdc id ndng nghiep vu suphgm (NVSP) cho sinh viin (SV) cdc truong dgi hgc suphgm (DHSP) Nhdm ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tgo gido vien (GV) Dia li theo phuang thuc tin chi, bdi viit trinh bdy nhom ki ndng ca bdn vi NVSP vd cdc hinh thuc tS chirc cdn phdi hinh thdnh vd ren luyen eho SV qud trinh ddo tgoGVd cdc trudng dgi hgc Tir khoa: kl ndng nghiep vy su phgm, dao tao tin chi, sinh vien Dia li ABSTRACT Identifying professional pedagogical skills training for geography students in the credit modality of pedagogical universities The article outlines the importance of and factors affecting the training of professional pedagogical skills for students of pedagogical universities In order to enhance the quality of geography teacher training in the credit modality, the article introduces groups of basic professional pedagogical skills and organizational forms necessary for students in the process of teacher training in pedagogical universities Keywords: professional pedagogical skills, credit modality Geography students Dat v^n di Ddo tao GV d trudng DHSP khdng chi trang bi cho SV kiin thiic chuyen mdn ma cdn phdi ren luy|n he thdng kT ndng NVSP Chdt lupng cdc the he GV trudng cao hay khdng phu thupc rat Idn vdo viec ren luyen NVSP cho SV Thuc ti ngi dung ren luyen kT ndng NVSP cho SV nhirng nam qua d cdc trudng DHSP (Hd Npi, Vinh, Hue, Dd Ndng, Quy Nhon, Thdnh Hd Chi Minh) chua gidng nhau, chua toan dien, chua thdng nhdt, chua thudng xuyen va chua cdu cdc tin chi, do chua dap iing dupe yeu cdu ndng cao chat lupng ddo tgo GV Nhieu SV trudng vdn cdn yeu ve kT ndng su phgm Vi vay, viec xac dinh cac npi dung de ndng cao chat lupng ren luyen NVSP thudng xuyen cho SV ndi chung vd nganh Dia li ndi rieng la rat cdn thiit Tam quan trpng cua viec ren luyen nghiep vu sir pham cho sinh vien dai hpc su pham Muc dich giao dye ciia nude ta la dao tgo ngudn nhdn lyc cho nen sdn xuat • TS, Trud'ng Dgi hpc S u phgm, Dgi hpc Hue, Email: nnminhdhsp@gmail.com 179 Tu" lieu tham khao S6 3(68) nam 2015 hien dai, dao tgo nhiing ngudi cd Cdc nhdn to bin ngodi: • trinh dp va kT nang lao ddng sdng tgo Phuong phdp va hinh thirc td chiic Cho nen, viec ren luyen NVSP cho SV la dgy hpc ciia giang vien de hinh thdnh kT rat quan trgng, cu the: nang nghe cho SV; Co sd vat chdt, thiit bi dgy hpc ciia La tieu chudn de qud chdt trudng DHSP bao gdm tu lieu, tdi lieu lucmg ddo tgo GV; tham khao, cdc phuang tien sii dung de Dao tgo nhiing SV cd ddy dii cdc ren luyen kT ndng nhu bdn do, so do, ndng lyc hdnh ddng thyc tien; bdng sd lieu, md hinh, khdi dd, hinh ve, - Giiip SV cd kha nang ty chiem ITnh tranh dnh, cdc thiet hi dgy hgc nhu mdy kiin thiic, ty phdt hien cdc vdn di ndy tinh, mdy chiiu da ndng, phdng ren luyen sinh qud trinh ren nghe; Giiip SV hoan tdt nhiing cdng NVSP ; Thdi gian danh cho cdng tdc td viec ciia GV Dia li, nhu: chudn bi tdt ndi chiic ren luyen NVSP ldp, ngodi dung bdi gidng, phuong tien va phuong ldp, ndi khda, ngoai khda ; phdp day hgc, xu li tdt cdc tinh hudng su phgm, tam 11 vd cac kT thudt dgy hgc Dia Cac chi dp uu ddi hay phy cdp doi vdi gidng vien; li khdc ; Giup SV phdt huy cdc ndng lyc cua Ngoai cdn cd cdc nhdn td khdc dnh hudng din viec ren luyen NVSP ciia ban thdn trudng day hpc Ddng thdi SV, nhu: phong trao ren luyen, dia diem hgn che nhiing nhugc diem khdng dang cd vd hinh thiic ren luyen kT nSng qud trinh hdnh nghe dgy hgc Dia li d trudng phd thdng; Tdt cd cdc nhan td neu tren ludn Gdp phdn cdng tdc dao tgo tdn tai mdi quan hS dnh hudng Idn nhau; dd, nhdn to ben ludn cd GV chdt lupng cao cde trudng y nghia quyet dinh den chat luang ren DHSP luyen NVSP ciia SV Cac nhan to anh hydng den vifc Xac dinh cac ki nang nghidp vu ren luyfn nghidp vu sir phgm cho sinh sy pham de nang cao vifc hinh thdnh vien dai hoc su- pham va ren luyen thirdng xuyen cho sinh Chat lupng ren luyen NVSP cho vien Dja h' phirong th^c dao tgo SV phu thudc hai nhdn td: ben vd tin chi ben ngodi, cu the nhu sau: • Cdc nhdn to bin trong: Can cii vao muc tieu ddo tao GV Dia II; chuang trinh dao tao GV Dia li Phuang phdp ty ren luyen nghidp theo hpc chi tin chi; dya vdo cdc nhdm vu cua SV; npi dimg ren luyen NVSP tir dl din khd, Ndng luc ban thdn cua timg SV; tir thdp len cao , viec hinh thdnh vd ren Ddng ca ren luyen nghiep vu ciia luyfn kT nang NVSP thudng xuyen cho SV; SV Dja li tgi cdc trudng DHSP bao gdm Hiing thu ren luyen nghiep vu cCia cdc ngi dung sau ddy: SV 180 TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM 4.1 KT ndng nghidp v(i su phgm vi viet, ve trin bdng mon Dia li a Ki ndng viit trin bdng: Trong dgy hpc Dia li, npi dung kl ndng NVSP vi viet tren bang can phdi ren luyfn cho SV gdm cd: KT ndng viet ten bai hpc, cac logi de myc bdi day hpc Dia li tren bdng; KT ndng viet tren bdng chii in hoa, in thudng vd cdc loai kieu cht^ phii hgp vdi cdc muc bdi Dia li; KT ndng viet ki hieu tren bdng dgy hpc Dja li; KT ndng viet tat tren bdng dgy hpc Dia li; KT ndng bo tri cdc muc cua npi dung bdi hgc Dja 11 tren bdng; KT ndng ke chdn de myc tren bdng; KT ndng chia cot tren bdng; KT ndng viet cau tren bdng; KI ndng sii dyng tdc dp viet bang; KT ndng viet thdng hdng ndi dung bdi dgy hpc Dja li; KT ndng viit nhdp tren bang ddi vdi mdn Dja li; KT ndng cam phan viet bdng; KT ndng sir dyng phdn mdu trinh bdy bdi day hgc Dja li tren bdng; KT ndng sir dung biit dg de viet bdi dgy hpc Dja li tren bdng; KT ndng xdc djnh dp cao de ghi bang; KT ndng sii dung cdc dpng tac tay cua GV ghi bdng; KT ndng ghi bdng kit hpp vdi di chuyin va sii dyng phuong tien day hgc Dja li b KT ndng ve cdc hinh lien quan din mon Dia li trin bdng: Trong dgy hpc Dja Nguyen Ngoc Minh li, ndi dung ren luyen kT ndng NVSP vi ve cdc hinh lien quan din Dia li tren bdng gdm cdc kT nang sau day: KT ndng ve lupc dd; - Kl ndng ve so dd: so dd graph, so dd cdu tnic, so dd qud trinh, so dd dja dd; - KT ndng ve cdc bieu dd chu yiu: bieu hinh vuong, cdt, trdn, mien, ket hop, ngang, dudng, thap dan so ; Kl ndng ve cdc md hinh sang tgo Dia li tren bdng 4.2 Kl ndng nghidp v(/ su phgm vi trinh bdy l&i gidng cua gido viin Dja li Cdc npi dung sau day cdn hinh vd ren luyfn cho SV: KT ndng sii dung dm lupng dung ldi gidng; KT ndng sir dung ngii dieu dimg ldi gidng; KT ndng sir dyng cau diing ldi giang; KT ndng sii dung tir dia phucmg trinh bdy bai gidng; KT ndng xdc djnh vj tti diing ciia GV trinh bdy ldi gidng; KT ndng ket hpp ldi gidng vdi ghi bdng vd sir dung phuang tifn day hpc Dja li: ket hpp ldi gidng vdi ghi bdng va ngupc lgi (ghi bang vdi ldi giang eua GV), kit hpp diing ldi giang vdi sii dung phuang tien day hgc Dja li va ngupc lai; KT nang ket hpp dimg ldi gidng vdi sir dung cdc dpng tac boat dpng tay, mat nhin, net mat ciia GV; - Kl ndng dimg ldi gidng theo hudng "diln gidng neu van de" dgy hpc Dia li; KT nang diing ldi gidng "kieu td chiic dgy hpc Dja li"; 181 Tlf li$u tham khao KT nang dting loi giang cua GV vol ghi chep cua hgc sinh dgy hgc Dia li; KI nang sir dung toe loi giang cua GV trinh bay bai giang Dia Ii 4.3 KT nang nghifp vu str phgm vi xu li, giao tiip suphgm dgy hgc Dia li u Ki ndng xu li cdc tinh hudng su phgm dgy hgc Bia U Ngi dung ren luyin phai bao quat cac dgng tinh hu6ng sau (kdm tai U?u: tinh huSng su phgm va cdch xii Ii dgy hgc Dja Ii): Dgng tinh huong su phgm xay tilt dgy hgc trSn I6p; Dgng tinh huong su pham xay tiet day hgc ngoai lop; Dgng tinh hufing su phgm xay dgy hgc ngi khoa; Dgng tinh huong su phgm xay dgy hgc ngogi khoa; Dgng tinh hu6ng su phgm xay giao tilp su phgm J De thyrc hifn cac kT nang xu Ii tinh huong su phgm neu tren, GV eta phai: binh tinh, lang nghe, chia se va hieu hgc sinh; ton trgng hgc sinh; thS hifn thai bao dung, vi tha; luon khing dinh cai dung; biet dgt minh vao vi tri hgc sinh; khong chup mil, xiic phgm hgc sinh va cSn the hien dao due ciia nguoi thiy b KT ndng giao tiep su pham -dgy hgc Bia H SV noi chung va SV su phgm Dja li noi rieng trucmg cin phai CO cac kl nang giao tiSp vol ddi tugng chinh 14 hgc sinh, ph\i huynh va dong nghiep Do do, giang vien co thS hudng din SV ren luyen kT nang thong qua viec trao doi vh cac ngi dung 182 S6 3(68) nam 2015 sau day ii dinh huong vi giao tiSp: Giao tiip vdi hgc sinh: GV phai the hien dugc kT nang; + c i n tao khong thoai mai ii giiip hgc sinh cam thiy hip dan, mgnh dgn va hiing thii tim kiJm tri thiic dS nhgn thiic tilt dgy hgc Dja Ii; + Trong quan h? vdi hgc sinh, can chia se, doi xu mem mong, biet cAch khoi dgy su tu tin moi hgc sinh de cdc em vuon Ifn va cin nghifm khic, c6ng bing, khoan dung vdi hgc sinh n6i chung v4 hgc sinh ca biet noi rieng GV phai thf hifn dugc minh vira la bgn vira la thiy qua trinh giao tilp Giao tiep vdi phg huynh hgc sinh: Khi giao tifp, GV phdi the hifn dugc cdc kT ndng sau day: + c i n tgo su gin gui, tin tuong, chia se va cam thong til hai phia; + Dgt minh vdo vj tri, tam trgng cila phu huynh nhu: kheo \io, tl nhj dua nhiing nhgn xet vl ciia hg; trdnh cang thing, gay tfin thuong d6i vdi phy huynh giao tilp; + c i n xdc djnh dugc nf i dung, myc dich cugc ggp gO vd hudng gidi quyet vin df: dua bifn phdp gido due thuylt phuc, tao dugc sv ddng cdm, h6 trg cua phu huynh; + Truyfn dgt vd hudng ddn ph\i huynh hieu r5 dgc difm tam Ii, tinh cam cua hgc sinh thong qua cdc buoi hgp phy huynh nhim nang cao hif u qud gido dye Giao tiip vcri ddng nghiep: Gidng vien trao doi vdi SV cdc ngi dung rfn luyen kT nang qua cdc yeu ciu sau: + Giao tilp vdi d&ng nghifp can phdi tl nhi, hoa d6ng, giilp dd Ian nhau; TAP CHl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM + Phdi tdn trpng, khiem tdn hpc hdi ddng nghiep; + Can tgo dyng niim tin: tgo su tin tudng bdng ndng lyc chuyen mdn vd dao dOrc nghe nghiep; + Cdn khiem tdn, tdn trgng va cd thien chi hpc hdi; + Chap hanh va hodn thdnh tdt cdng vif c dupe phan cdng; + Nhiet tinh ddng gdp cho sy phdt trien ciia nhd trudng 4.4 Ki ndng nghidp vu su phgm vi su diing phuang ti$n, thiet bf dgy hgc Dja li Cac kT ndng cdn ren luyen cho SV, gom cd: KT ndng sii dung bdn dd gido khoa, dt-ldt Dja li; KT ndng sii dyng tranh dnh, hinh ve, tdi lifu tham khdo Dja li; - KT ndng su dyng sd Ufu thdng ke, biiu dd; KT ndng sii dyng so dd, so dd tu duy, bang kien thiic, phiiu hpc tgp; KT ndng sir dung md hinh, khdi do, sdch gido khoa Dja li; KT ndng sir dung phdng Dja li, vuon Dja li, cdc dung cu quan trac; - KT ndng sii dung internet vd mpt sd phan mem dgy hpc: Powerpoint, Violet, ActivStudio 4.5 Kl ndng nghiip vu su phgm vi thiet ke bdi dgy hgc Dja li Cac npi dung cdn ren luyfn cho SV, la: KT ndng thiit ki bdi gidng li thuyit day hpc Dja li; KT ndng thiit ki bdi giang thyc hdnh Dja li; - KT ndng thiit ki bai dn tdp Dja li; Nguyen Ngoc Minh KT nang thiit ke bdi giang Dja li dya tren cac phdn mem; Powerpoint, Violet, ActivStudio ; KT ndng NVSP vi thiit ki bdi kiim tra, danh gid hgc sinh tren ldp: kT ndng thiit ke de thi ty luan mdn Dia li; kT ndng thiet ke de thi trdc nghifm khdch quan mdn Dia li; kT nang chdm, cho diem bdi thi 4.6 Iff ndng nghiep vu su phgm ve to chirc hogt dgng ngogi khda Bfa ii Cdc npi dung sau ddy can hinh thdnh vd ren luyfn cho SV: kT ndng td chiic trd choi, to chiic cau lac bp Dja li, to chiic dg hpi Dja li, td chiic vui Dja li 4.7 Kl ndng nghiip vu su phgm ve trinh bdy bdi gidng Bia li (tdp gidng) Gdm cdc ndi dung sau: KT ndng trinh bay bdi gidng Dja li li thuyet tren ldp; Kl nang trinh bay bdi giang thyc hanh Dja li tren ldp; KT nang trinh bdy bdi dn tap Dja li tren ldp Hinh thirc to chiic ren luyfn kl nang nghifp vy sir phgm cho sinh vien Dia li d trirdng dai hpc sir phgm phircmg thirc dao tao tin chi 5.7 Xdy dung npi dung Cdn xay dyng theo hudng: Xdy dyng cac kT ndng tir de den khd, tir thdp len cao; Xay dung cac kT nang theo thii ty tir nhdm kT nang den nhdm kT nang thii 7; Cdc nhdm ren luyen NVSP cho SV can dupe cdu tnic thdnh cac tin chi 5.2 To chirc ren luyen kT nang nghidp vu suphgm cho sinh vien Bia li tru&ng dgi hgc suphgm 183 Tu' li$u tham khao c i n t6 chiic ren luyen kT nang NVSP cho SV theo hudng sau: T6 chitc ren luyfn nghiep vu phai rdi dfu su6t qua trinh dao tao GV Dja Ii Tir hgc ki III din hgc ki VII cua khoa hgc, m6i hgc ki xay dimg I tin chi dl ren luyfn NVSP cho SV Rieng hgc ki I va II, SV nam thii nhit chua hgi dii tri thirc khoa hgc cua ngdnh hgc, nfn co thi chua xay dung tin chi ren luyfn NVSP; T6 chiic ren luyfn NVSP phai kit hgp hgp li giira Ii thuylt va thyc hdnh; Tang cudng kilm tra, danh gid, nhgn xet SV qua trinh rf n luyfn; Td chiic ddo tao ren luyfn NVSP cho SV cd the theo nhdm hay cd nhan, cy thi Id: + Td chiic ren luyfn NVSP co thi theo nhdm Idn (vdi sd lugng tir den