T?p chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan vSn Tap 30, So 4 (2014) 44 53 V ;̂ ;ang luoi quan he xa hoi vai viec lam cua sinh vien tot nghiep Pham Huy Cucmg* Tnrdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Xa hpi vd Nhdn[.]
T?p chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN- Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan vSn Tap 30, So (2014) 44-53 V^;;ang luoi quan he xa hoi vai viec lam cua sinh vien tot nghiep Pham Huy Cucmg* Tnrdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Xa hpi vd Nhdn vdn, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi, 336 Nguyin Trai, Thanh Xudn, HdNgi, ViitNam Nhan 09 thang 10 nam 2014 Chinh sua 13 thang 10 n^m 2014; Chap nhan dSngngay 18 thang 10 nam 2014 Tom tat: Ben canh cac phucmg phap tim kiem vifc lam chinh thiic (qua eac kenh quang edo, qua cdc don vj djch vu viec lam, iing tuyen true tiep), ngudi lao dong sir dyng cae moi quan he xa hpi (ngudi than, ban be) nhu mdt kenh khong chinh thiic hieu qua Nghien eiiu ciia cac hgc gia nudc vd tren thi gidi ben canh su dong thuan r^ng sii dung mang ludi quan hf xd hgi nhu mdt phucmg phdp tim kilm vifc lam biln cdn cd nhihig tranh luan xoay quanh cac tac dgng cu the ciia cdch thiic tim kiem den titng khia canh ciia cong viec Phan tich ket qua khao sdt doi vdi 1073 sinh viin tot nghifp cua Trucmg Dai hgc Khoa hpc X3 hpi vd Nhan vdn, dugc tien hanh vdo ndm 2013, nghien ciiu mo ta cu the moi liln hf giita mang ludi quan he xa hot din khia canh kinh tl va phi kinh tl Uong kit qua tim kiem vifc lam cua nhitng sinh vien tdt nghiep vdi tu cdch Id mgt nhom ddc thii thj truong lao dgng 7i> khod: Mang luoi quan hf xd hgi, vifc lam, von xa hgi sinh vien tot nghifp Gidi thif u Kinh nghifm vd ky ndng ciia cdc cd nhan dugc rdidc din nliu Id vdn ngudi (human capital) dugc xem Id ed dnh hudng quan trgng din qud trinh tham gia va kha nang phat triln ciia cdc cd nhan thj trudng Iao ddng Sy xuit hifn ciia khdi niem vdn xa hgi (social capital) [1] vd cdc nghiin eOai vl vdn xa hdi thi trudng lao df ng nhitng nam gan day dd xac nhgn vai trd ciia mdt ngudn luc mdi, "nhdn mgnh dnh hudng ciia ylu td nilm tin sy cd di cd lai, vd moi quan hf giita cdc cd nhan cde ididm xa h^i, mang ludi quan hf xd ' DT: 84-982036807 E-mail: cuongph@vnu.edu.vr hdi" [2] Qua tdng quan ket qua nghien ciiu ciia cac hpc gid vd ngodi nudc, bin canh sy thdng nhat rang tim kiem vifc Iam thdng qua mgng ludi quan hi xd hgi Id mdt kinh tim kilm hieu qud, cac hgc gid van cdn khdng it nhung tranh lugn xoay quanh nhitng tac ddi^ cy thi eiia phuong phdp tim kilm ndy din cdc dde diem cua cdng vifc Bang vifc phan tich cac kit qua cugc khdo sat thdng tin vifc lam ciia sinh vien tdt nghifp cua Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan vdn - Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi dugc tiln hanh vao ndm 2013, tdc gia mudn gdp thim nhitng bdng chiing thyc nghifm vl vai trd ciia cde mang ludi quan hf xa hgi ddi vdl sy tham gia, phdt hiln ciia moi cd nhan thj trudng Iao ddng Bin cgnh do, bai viet cung se P.H Cifdng Tgp chi Klioa hgc DHQGHS: Klioa hgc Xa hgi ™ Nhdn vin Tgp 30 Sd aOU) 44-53 di sau phdn tich mdi lien he gjua cdu Uiie, qi^ md cac nguon lyc ma ca nhdn cd the huy dgng dugc tu cdc mgng ludi quan he vdi cdc khia canh ciia cdng viec cd nhdn dgt dugc Mang liroi quan he xa hgi thi tnrong lao dgng Ndm 1974, Granovetter edng bd edng trinh '•Tim kiim vifc lam: Nghien ciru ve cac mdi quan he vd sy nghifp" (Getting a job: A Study of Contacts and Career), day Id mdt nhitng edng trinh quan trpng ddu tiln ly gidi each thuc cae ea rdian tim kiem eae cdng viec thdng qua ede mdi quan hf xd hdi Y tudng chu dgo eiia Granovetter dugc tdm tai ba luan dilm Thii nhdL dng cho ring nhilu ngudi tim dugc cdng vifc cua minh thdng qua cac quan hf xd hgi chii khdng chi thdng qua cdc kenh chinh thiic Thiir hai, y nghTa ciia cac mgng ludi xa hdi Id cho phep nhiing ngudi tim kiem vile lam tgp hgp dugc nhitng thdng tin tdt hon ve tinh kha dyng eiia cdng an viec lam ciing nhu cac dgc diim ciia edng viec Thir ba Id ^ d thu>lt rdng cac liln kit ylu (weak ties) ed thi mang lal rdiung thdng tin hiiu ich ban cdc lien kit manh (strong ties)[3] Tiip sau sy ddi va cdng bd cac luan diem tac phdm ciia Granovetter dd cd nhilu nghiin ciiu phat trien cung nhu phan bifn cac ludn dilm ciia dng tir dd gdp phdn nhan dien va ly giai cang rd nhitng dnh hirdng phong phu ciia mang ludi quan he xS bpi (social networks) tht trudng lao ddng, [3], Cde kit qua nghien cihi cung chi mdt thyc ll rdng cd nhilu cd nhdn thgm tri khdng hi ed mdt nd lyc tim kiim nao thdng tin vl edng viec den vdi hg bdi mgt ngudi than nao dd va hp chi viec ddn rdian nd ma thdi [4] Cdc tranh ludn chii ylu xoay quanh tac ddng ciia vdn xa hgi den cac kit qua tun kiem vile lam Oob search outcomes) Troog Granovetter khdng dinh nhitng anh hudng tich cyc ciia mang ludi quan be den khia canh thu nhap vd sy phii hgp ciia cdng viec dugc tim thdy thdng qua cdc mdi quan he, thi cdc kit qud nghiin ciiu ciia Lin [5J, Mouw [6] va Franzen ciing cgng su [4] lal khdng xac nhan su khdc bift ve thu nhdp nao giira nhitng ngudl tim kiim dugc edng viec ciia minh bang cac kenh chinh thiic va nhitng ngudi khac thdnh cong nhd vao cdc mdi quan he Thdm chi mgt sd kit qua nghien eiiu eua De Graaf vd Flap, Flap va Boxmann cdn chi nhung anh hudng tieu cue ddi vdi thu nhdp tir cdng vifc cd dugc tiidng qua cdc mdi quan he xa hgi [4] Montgomeiy dua mdt ly giai tir sy ket hgp giiia ly thuyit tim kilm viec Idm d gdc dg kinh tl va gid thuyet vl mgng ludi nhdm nit ngdn khodng cdch kit qud nghiin ciiu ^ira Granovetter vcri ciia Lin vd Mouw [7] Tuy nhiin cugc tranh ludn chua thi ket thuc Cac kit qua phdn tich sd lifu khdo sal cua Franzen vd Hangartner ggi md rang nhitng cdng vifc dugc tim thdy nhd vao sy trg giiip ciia bgn be, ddng nghifp hay ngudi than cd sy phii hgp cao hon vdi chuyen mdn dugc dao tao Cdc kit qua nghien cuu eua Marsden ciing ly gidi rang vdn x3 bgi ed ieh hon cho ngudi tim kilm vifc ldm hay ngudl Idm cdng ddi vol nhiing cdng viec cd tinh chuyin mdn vd ddi hdi 1^ nang vd nhat la cdc cdng viec ddi hdl sy ddu tu ddo tgo eua nhd tuyen dung [8] Rd rdng mgng ludi quan he xl hdi cua mdi ed nhdn Id hit siic phiic tap, cd nhilu td, vdi nhieu chilu canh, vd cac ddc diem phong phu; d timg thdi dilm cac bdi canh, vol mdi logi hinh mdi lien he khac nhau, se cd tac ddng khac din cdc ddc dilm cua kit qud P.H- Cudng/Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Khoa hoc Xa hgi vdNhdn tim kiem vile ldm Chiing tdi nhdn thay rang, ben canh sy phdn loai giua lien kit manh va liln ket yeu ciia Granovetter, nhilu hpc ^ d khac dudng nhu chua gidnh su phan tich sau ban mgt cdch cdn thilt ddi vdi cau tnic cua mang ludi quan hf xd hdi, cdc dang lien ket (kind of contacts) ciing nhu quy md, dac diem cac ngudn lyc gan vdi mang ludi Thyc tl ndy din tdi cac kit lugn nghiin ciiu khdc bift gi&a hg trude mdt ehii dl nghiin ciiu vdn dd rat phirc tap Nghiin ciiu ve von xd hOi ndi chung vd mang ludi quan hf xd hdi ndi rilng thi trudng lao dgng d Viet Nam mdi budc dau dugc quan tdm bdi mgt sd nha xa hgi hpc Trjiih Duy Ludn cac phan tieh vl ngudn nhan iyc, lao ddng vd vlfe ldm d Vift Nam da nbac din sy thilu hut cdc nghien ciiu vl vdn xd hgi (trong dd mgng ludi quan hf xa hdi Id mdt to quan trpng cdu thdnh) thj trudng Iao dOng nudc ta hiln [9] Chii de ndy eiing timg dugc cac hgc gia Nguyen Tudn Anh, Le Nggc Hiing, Nguyin Quy Thanh nhae din cdc nghiin eiiu ciia minh dl cap tdi vai trd ciia mang ludi quan hf xd hgi ddi vdi khd ndng huy ddng ngudn nhdn lyc phdt triln kinh te hd gia dinh, doanh nghifp nhd [1014] Tuy nhlln, nhin chung eac hge gid Vllt Nam cho din mdi chi dimg Iai di cdp tdi mgng Iirdi quan hf xa hgi nhu mot kinh hd trg ngudi lao dpng tim kiem vifc lam vd phat triln nghi nghifp md chua di sdu phan tich cde tdc dgng cy thi ciia nd din cdc khia cgnh eiia ket qud tim kilm vifc ldm Trudng hgp nghien ciiu dugc gidi thifu sau day Id mgt no lyc nhd nham budc ddu gdp phdn md hudng nghien ciiu sdu hon vl mgng ludi quan he xd hgi tiong thi trudng lao dgng Vift Nam van Tap 30 Sd (2014) 44-53 Trudng hgp vifc lam ciia sinh viin tdt nghiep Khach the nghien ciiu ciia cugc khdo sat thdng tin viec Idm chiing tdi tiln hdnh vao nam 2013 la nhiing sinh viin tdt nghifp, nhitng ngudl mdi tham gia vdo thi trudng lao ddng vdng din nam sau rdi trudng dai hgc.Tdt cd nhiing ngudi dugc khao sat deu dang d thdi diim mdi bdt dau tham gia vdo thj trudng lao dgng, bau hit mdi cd cdng vifc dau tiln ciia mirUi Diiu ndy se tao dieu kifn thudn Igi tiong vifc danh gid tdc ddng cda mang ludi quan hf xa hdi dli vdi kit qud tim kiem cdng vifc Sd philu khdo sat thu dugc la 1073 Cde phieu khdo sdt dugc tien hanh nhdp lifu va sii ly bdng phdn mim thdng kl SPSS Ben cgnh cdc bang phan tich sd lieu dgng tan sudt vd ti If, nhdm ddnh gid moi liln hf giua ca biin sd dtnh djuih va thii bac (dugc sir dyng chii yeu bO cdng cu khdo sat), chiing tdi sii dung kilm dinh Chl - binh phuong (7^) va cac tinh todn dgi lugng thdng ke Cramer' V vd Gamma"* Nhiing phat hien va thao ludn Cac kit qua nghiin ciiu khdng eho thdy mdi liln he ndo giua cac biln sd dia bdn cu tni, tinh trang hdn nhdn, tilnh hgc van cua cha me, va nghi nghiep cua cha m? vdi cdc kit qua tim kilm viec lam ciia sinh vien tot nghifp nhu nhiing phdt hifn nghiin ciiu ciia Try [16] bay Franzen va Hangartner [4] Tuy nhien cac mang ludi quan hf xd hgi vd quy md cac ngudn luc cd nhdn cd thi huy d$ng tii dd ed mdi lien hf rd rft din qua trinh tim kiem vifc Iam ' Kilm dinh Chi - binh phuong (X") cho biel co hay khong moi lien hf giua hai biSn dinh danh - d)nh danh dmh d ^ - thu b ^ va tin cay cua kiem dinh Cac d^i lucmg thdng ke Qammar'V va Gamma cho biel dp manh hay yeu va xu huong ciia cac moi lien h^ gifia cac bien so P.H Cudng Tgp chi Khoa ligc DHQGHN: Khoa hoc Xd hpi vd Nhdn vdn Tgp 30 Sd (2014) 44-53 (phuong phap tim kiem, then gian tim kilm) vd cdc dde dilm cdng vifc (mdi trudng lam viec, thu nhdp, sy phii hgp chimin mdn vol cdng viec) ciia cdc irng vien tham gia khao sat I Bieu dd 1: Ngudn thong tin viec lam Bilu dd '"Ngudn thdng tin vifc Idm"' Id kit qua thu dugc tir cau hdi "Anh/ Chi biet din cdng vifc hifn tai (hoac cdng vifc gdn ddy nhdt neu hifn tai dang t^ht vifc) qua kinh thdng tin ndo?" Theo dd, 63,4% cdc thdng tin vile ldm hCru ich din vdi cde iing viin thdng qua cac mdi quan bf xd hgi, cy the: 30,0% tir cdc mdi quan he yong gia dinh - hg bang, 33,4% tir cdc mdi quan be bgn be - ddng nghifp So vdi 35,4% thdng tin tir cdc kinh chinh thirc (truyin thdng dai chiing vd don vj mdi gidi vifc lam) thi ro rang cde ludng thdng tin ve vifc ldm dd dugc tao dilu kifn thuan lgi hon dl din vdi ngudi lao ddng thdng qua ede mdi quan he xa hgi Ngodi chirc nang thdng tin cdc mdi quan hf xd hgi cdn Id ngudn bd trg (hd trg vl tai chinh sy bdo dam bang uy tin .) cac cd nhan tiong qud trinh tim kilm cdng vifc Cdc sd lifu thdng ke phan dnh ndm cdch thiie khac sinh viin tdt nghifp sir dung de tim kilm (Bang 1) Trong dd 37,0% ea nhan sii dung cdc phuong phap tim kilm chinh thiic (iing tuyln true tilp va qua don V) mdi gidi), ti If tan dung cae mdi quan hi xa hdi chilm uu the ro ret, 55.4%; 5,3% sinh vien tdt nghiep nlidn dugc Idi mdi chii ddi^ tir phia don vi tuyen dung; 2.3% sii dung cac phuong phdp tim kiem khac Cdc kit qud thyc nghiim tilp tuc khdng djnh gid thuyit ddu tiln dd dugc dua bdi Granovetter: "Mac cho su hien dai hda, edng n ^ , vd tdc chdng mat cua bien ddi xd hgi, mdt dilu khdng thay ddi the gldl rdng noi va each chiing ta trdi qua thdi gian ldm vifc thdnh td Idn nhdt doi sdng ciia hdu bet nhitng ngudi trudng thdnh, phy thude rdt nhieu vao cdch chiing ta dugc nhung vao cdc mang ludi quan he xa hdi ngudi than, bgn be, va ddng nghifp, dieu khdng bao gid mat di bdi nhiing dl ngh} khdng ngimg gdn ngudi vdi cdng vifc" [3] Bang Cdc phuong phap tim kiem vifc lam Cac phuang ph^ tim kiem vifc lam Thong qua mang ludi quan he x§ hgi Qua don vi mdi gidi vifc lam Ung tuyen true tilp Don vi su dung lao ddng chii dong lien hf Khac Tt If (%) 55,4 1,2 35,8 5,3 23 Chiing tdi tiln hanh thdng ke tucmg quan giiia cac phuong phap tim kiim vifc ldm va thdi dilm cd viec Iam ciia sinh vien tinh tu tdt nghifp din thai dim khdo sat duac thue hifn Cde mdc thdi ^an dugc chia di iing viin lya chgn: 0-10 trieu VND/ thang) Co Khong Co Khang Co Khong Co Khong Co Khong 1-3 >3 1-3 33,8% 17,1% 30,7% 21,4% 16,5% 25,0% 18,2% 22,4% 27,9% 14,1% 24.8% 20,4% 16,5% 29.4% 22,1% 14,3% 25.1% 22.45 14.4% >3-6 52,8% 62,2% 46,7% 60,4% 63,0% 57,5% 45,5% 60,4% 56,1% 63,9% 62,3% 59,2% 56,7% 57,6% 63,9% 58,2% 60,1% 56,7% 61,9% >6-9 11,7% 14,8% 12,0% 14,0% 14,3% 13,6% 28,8% 12,8% 11,9% 16,6% 11,3% 14,3% 21,6% 11,5% 10,9% 19,7% 11,4% 16,4% 18,6% >9 1,7% 5,9% 10,7% 4,1% 6,2% 3,9% 7,6% 4,4% 4,1% 5,4% 1,6% 6,1% 5,2% 1,5% 3,1% 7,8% 3,4% 4,5% 5,2% Cramers'V Gamma (Sig) 0,197'" (0,000) 0,109' (0,010) 0,105'(0,013) 0,127" (0,001) 0,168'" (0,000) 0,190'" (0,000) 0,282'" (0,000) 0,203'" (0,000) Gamma D^i luong Ihong k^ clio biel d^ manh cua mdi lien he giita hai bien thu bjc-thu bac, co dp Ion tu-1 den I 116] P.H Cudng Tgp chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN: Khoa hpc Xd hgi vd Nhdn van Tap 30 So (2014) Cudi eiing chiing tdi gidnh su quan tam den su phii h ^ giira chuyen man duoc ddo tao ctia sinh vien tdt nghiep vdi cdng viee hifn tai Day Id mgt ddc diem quan trpng ciia cdng viec ben canh yeu td thu nhdp Cau hdi dua yeu cau 44-53 sinh vien tdt n ^ i f p bay td cam nhdn ciia ho ve mijc phu hg'p cua chuyen mdn duoc dao t ^ vdi cdng vifc hifn tai, cau trd led duoc ggi y vdi thang thu bdc 04 muc giam ddn tiJ "Hoan todn phii hop" den "Khdng phu hop' Bang Tuong quan j^uong phdp tim kiem, d^c diem - quy md moi quan bf vd su phu hop giua cdng vifc vdi chuyen mdn dugc dao Thong qua gia dinh, ho hang Thong qua ban be, d6ng nghiep Thong qua thay co, tnrong hgc Cng tuyen true tilp Bien ggp - Thong qua cac moi quan he xa hgi So td chuc hgi, cau lac bg tham gia So vien gia dinh c6 the giup lim dugc viec lam So ban be co the giup tim dugc viec lam So vien cac to chuc hgi, cau lac bg co the giiip tim viec lam Co Khong C6 Khong C6 Khong Co Khong Co Khong 0-1 >2 1-3 >3 1-3 >3 1-3 >3 Miic dg phii hgp giiia viec lam va chuyen mon duoc dao tao Hoan toan Kha phii It phu Khong phiihcrp hop hop phii hop 13,7% 44,3% 32,0% 10,0% 11,1% 42.8% 32,7% 12,7% 12.7% 40,6% 35,0% 11,8% 12J% 44,6% 31J% 12,0% 20,0% 53,3% 24.3'',l> 2.7% 11,8% 42,4% 33.2% 12,7% 8,4% 42J% 33,2% 16,2% 14,5% 43,8% 32,1% 9,6% 14,0% 42,3% 33,2% 10,5% 9,4% 45,0% 31,2% 14,4% 11,0% 41,6% 34,3% 13,1% 17,7% 49J% 25,6% 7.4% 14,8% 36,1% 33,6% 15.6% 10,7% 45,3% 34,2% 9,8% 12,2% 49,6% 26,8% 11,4% 12,4% 38,9% 35,0% 13,8% 11,6% 41,7% 34.4% 12,3% 12.3% 51,7% 28,4% 7.6% 11,0% 41,7% 33,1% 14,1% 12,9% 46,0% J % 8,9% 15.4% 47,9% 30.8% 6,0% Cd su khdc bift tuong quan vdi cac phuong pbap tim icilm Xu hudng tim kiem vifc lam qua cae mdi quan he xd hpi cho thdy s\f phii hop gi&a cdng viee vd chuyen mdn cao hon so vdi '"ling Xtsyea true tiep" (14,0% so vdi 8,4% ddnh gid "Hodn toan phu hpp" va 16.2% so vdi 10,5% danh gia "Khdng jrfiii hpp") Miie dO tham gia vao cac td ehiic bdi c ^ lac bp^'cua smh vien ^ • T r o n ^ nghlin cuu cua c l u ^ Id:, cac to diuc hoi cau lac bo hao eDm Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam, E>oan Thanh men CSHCM, Min cdc hiep hoi nghi hdi d6ng huong cac cau lac bo I Cramers'V, Gamma (Sigl 0,046 (0,562) 0,043 (0,619) 0,117"(0.004) 0,123"(0,002) 0,087* (0,064) -0J53>'>(0.000) -0.073(0,143) -0,110'(0,011) -0,145"(0.004) Cling cd mdi lien he vdi danh gid vl muc dd phii hpp giiia chuyen mdn va edng vifc theo hudng ti If thudn giua sd lugng cau lac bp sinh vien tdt n^iifp tham gia vd mirc dp phu hpp Nhu v|y, rd rdngtimkiem viec lam thong qua mang ludi quan hf xa hdi cd iien hf tich cue vdi sir phii hpp gi&a chuyen mdn dupc dao tao vdi cong viec ciia sinh vien tdt nghifp Tuy nhien, mdi lien he n ^ xudt phdt tir eac lien ket vdi thdy cd va cac vien thupc td chuc, hpi, cau lac bd sinh p H Cudng ' Tgp chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN: Khoa hoc Xa hdi vd Nhdn van Tgp 30 Sd (2014) 44-53 vien tdt nghifp dang tham gia nhieu hon Id tir gia dinh va ban hb nhu vdy cde phan tich ket qua nghien ciru mdi nhdn thiic dupc ddy dii m§i lien he giiia mang ludi quan he xd h$i vdi qua trinh tim Icifra vd cdc ket qud tim kiem vifc Iam Kit loan Trudc hkx, cdn tifp tuc khang djnh rang mgng ludi quan he xd hdi cd vai tro quan trpng qua trinh tim kiem viec ldm ciia mdi ed nhan, trudng hpp nghien cuu ndy Id nhQng sinh vien mdi tot nghifp Mang ludi quan hf xd hdi tnrdc tien cd vai trd Ian truyen cac ludng thdng tin ve vifc lam Ro rdng, diing nhu Granovetter dd ket lufn, each thiic mdi ca nhdn gdn ket vdi cdc mang ludi quan bf xd hpi cd lien he mat thiet tdi qua trinh tham gja vd phdt trien ciia ngudi thi trudng lao dpng [3], Cdc kit qud nghien cun cua chiing tdi ciing xdc nhfn mdi lien hf giiJa mang ludi quan he xS bpi vdi cdc Idiia canh kinh te vd phi kinh te cua cdng vifc Ve thu nhdp, cdc cdng viec eo dupc thdng qua cac moi quan hf xd hpi cd thu nhdp thdp hon so vdi cdc cdng vifc ed dupc thdng qua cdc kinh chinh thiic Tuy nhien bat lpi ndy ed lien hf vdi cac moi quan hf gia dinh nhieu hon Ci khia canh phi kinh te, tim kiem vifc lam thong qua cdc mdi quan hf xd bpi hudng sinh vien tdt nghifp tdi cde cdng vifc thupc khu vvtc cdng, cd su phu hpp vdi chuyen mdn cao hon Tuy nhien nhiing ngudi tun kilm cdng vifc nhd vao cac mdi quan he lai gdp bat loi vf chi phi thdi gian Cdc kit qua thu dupe eung khdng djnh vd gpi md rang nghien ciiu ve mang ludi quan he xd hpi thi trudng lao dpng, cdn cd nhung phan tich rat cu the ddc diem cua cac mdi quan he xd hpi vd dac diem cung nbu quy md cae ngudn lire md mgng ludi quan he xa hdi tgo CO hOi clio mdi cd nhdn cd the huy ddng de dgt dupc muc dieh cd nhan ciia minh Chi cd Tai lifu tham khao [I] Bourdieu, P., The Forms of Capital, sach Handbook of Theoiy and Research for the Sociology of Education Greenwood Press, Westport 1986 pp 241-258 [2] Brook K., Labour market participation: the influence of social capital, 2005 Nguon: http://www,ons.gov.uk (truy cfp ngdy 21/2/2014) [3} Granovetter, M Getting a job: A Study of Contacts and Careers 1995, University of Chicago Press Chicago [4] Franzen A va Hangartner, D Social Networks and Labour Market Outcomes: The NonMonetaiy Benefits of Social Capital European Socialogical Review 2006 Volume 22 Number pp 355-368 [5] Lin N., Social Networks and Status Attainment 1999,AnnualReviewofSocia!ogy25, pp.467-87 [6] Mouw T Social Capital and Finding a Job: Do Contacts Matter? 2003 American Sociological Review Vol 68 pp.868-898 [7] Montgomery, J.D Job Search and Network Composition: Implications of the Strength of Weak- Ties Hypothesis, 1992, American Socialogycal "Review, 57 pp 586-596 [8] Marsden, P V., Interpersonal Ties Social Capital, and Employer Staffing practices, "Social Capital: Theory and Research" 2001 New York Part II Chapter pp 105-125 [9] Tnnh Duv Luan (20O9) "Van dk phat triln nguon nhan lire, lao dfng vifc lam nuoc ta thai ky ddy m^nh c6ng nghifp hoa hifn dgi hda" sach Dan so Viet nam qua cac nghidn cim xa hfi hpc NXB Khoa hpc Xa hfi HdNQi.tr.27 [!0] Nguyen Tuan Anh (2010) Kinship as Social Capital: Economic Social and Cultural Dimensions of Changing Kinship Relations in a P H Cuang • Tap chi Khoa lipc DHQGHN Klioa hoc Xd hdi m \hdn vdn fflp JO Sd (2014144-53 Northern Vietnamese Village Vh D Thesis, Vrije Amsterdam Umversitv' Amsterdam [11] Le Ngpc Hung (2003) "Ly thuvll va phucmg phap tiep cfn mang luoi x3 bfi: tnicmg hpp tim kjem vifc lam cua sinh vien" T ^ chi XS hgi hpc So (82) u 67-75 [12] Vucmg Hong Ha (2013) ~Mpt s6 suy nghi ban ddu \k nghien aiu von xa hpi tnmg phat men nguon nhan lyc tre Viet Nam hien nay" Tap chi xkhpi hpc s5 3(123) u 64-68 [13] Ngu>ln Quy Thanh (2005), "Sy giao thoa giiia v6n xa hpi voi cdc giao dich kinh te gja dinh So sanh gia dinh Vift Nam va gia dinh Han Quoc" T9P (dli Xa hpi hpa s62(90).tr 108-121 [14] Le Ngpc Hdng (2008) Vdn xa hpi, von nguoi va m ^ g luoi xt hpi qua mpt so nghien cuu a Viet Nam T ^ chi nghien cuu nguoi S6 4.Tr45-54 [15] Tiy, S (2005) Tbe use of Job search sirai^ies among university graduates The Journal of Socil-Economics 34.223-243 [16] Hoang Trpng Chu Nguyen Mong Ngpc (2008) Phan tich dii lieu nghien cuu vcri SPSS Tfp I Nha xuat ban H6ng Diic Ho Chi Minh [17] HenafF N va Martin J Y_ Chien lupc cd nhan va gia dinh sach "Lao dpng \ iec lam va nguon nhan lyc d Vift Nam 15 ndm d6i moi" 2001 Nha xuat ban Thi gioi Ha Npi tr 53-76 Social Networks and the Employment of Graduates Pham Huy Cucmg I NU University' of Social Sciences and Humanilies 336 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xudn, Hanoi, Vietnam Abstract: Beside the formal job search methods (through advertising channels, through the employment service units Direct Recruitment), potential employees also use social relationships (family, friends) as an effective informal channels In research by scholars in Vietnam and in the world, ^lart from tbe consensus on the use of social networking as a job search method, there has been a popular debate about the impact of this specific search form on different aspects of a job Based on the analysis of the survey results for 1073 graduates from the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, conducted in 2013 this study describes the specific relationship between social networks and economic and non-economic aspects of jotjs search results of graduate students as a special group in the labor market Keywords: Social networks, job, social capital, graduates ... quan hf thi hifn uu thi hon vifc kit ndi sinh viin tdt nghifp vdi cac cdng viec thudc vl co quan nhd nudc, cy the hon ti If sinh vlln hifn dang ldm vifc cac eo quan nha nude nhd vao cdc moi quan. .. vifc Idm ciia sinh viin tdt nghiep Thuy Diin [4] Nhiing khde "Bi^n so "cac quan hf xa hgi" la kel qua ggp bien tren phSn mem SPSS tir hai bi^n s6 "quan h? gia dinh - hp hang" \a "quan b? ban be... kilm dinh tuong quan xdc nhdn mdi quan he giiia cdc bien sd vol dp tin cdy trin 95,0% Bang Tuong quan phuong phap tim kiem va thcri diem co viec lam Thcri diem tim dugc viec tdm cua sinh vien tot