Nghiên cứu cácyếu tố ảnh hưởng đến khả năng vận dụng kiến thúc vào công việc thực tế của sinh viên tốt nghiệp ngành tài chính ngân hàng, trường đại học công nghiệp hà nội

^d!I9iixA_H^ NGHIEN cufu CAC YEU TO ANH Hl/dNG DEN KHA NANG VAN DUNG KIEN THUfCVAOCONG VIECTHI/CTE CUA SINH VIEN TOT NGHIEP NGANH TAI CHINH-NGAN HANG, TRl/dNG DAI HOC CONG NGHIEP HA NOI FACTORS AFFECTING ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE INTO ACTUAL WORK OF BANKING AND FINANCE GRADUATES FROM HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY Nguyen Thi Nguyet Dung, Nguyen Thj HSi Yen, Nguyen Thi Quyen, Hoang Thi Hiftfng T6mtJit B^i bcio trinh b^y nghien cilu ck yeu to Inh hifdng den kha nang van dung kien thii'c vao cfing v i k thi/c t^ ciia sinh vi^n tot nghiep nginh T^i chinh-NgSn hang, tn/dng flai hoc Cong nghiep Ha Noi thQng qua phirong phap nghien cihj dinh tinh vd dinh lirong Ket qua phan tich cho thay, c^c y^u to ^nh hudng din kh^ nang vSn dung kien thiic v^o cong viec thifc te ola sinh vien bao gom: (i) casddao tao tb kt\\\ hirdng manh nhSt, tilp (Jen 1^ Ql) ndng Itfc chuyen vien va cuoi ciing la (ai) moi trudng Idm viec Tren cfl sis 66, nhom tac gi j da d l xuat mot so khuyen nghi nhSm nang cao Idia nang van dung kien thd'c vao cong vile thifc t l cua sinh w i n nganh T^i chinh-Ngan hang, tnrcmg&ai hpc Cong nghiep Ha Noi Tir hh6a: kh^ nSng vin dung kiln thilc v^o thifc te Abstract The paper examines ftctors affecting the ability to apply knowledge into actual work of banking and finance graduates from Hanoi University of Industry conducting qualitative and quantitative methods The results show that ('/Kwmnffffnte/s have the greatest imparttobefollowed by f/i;jfoff's(juo//ficfl(/on and (Hi) working environment Accordingly, we proposed recommendations to improve the ability to apply knowledge Into actual work of the graduates Key words: ability to apply knowledge into actual work ThS Nguyen Thj HguyH Dung, IhS Nguyen Thi H3i Yin, ThS Nguyen Ihi Quyin, ThS HoJngThi Hiwng Khoa Quin ly kinh doanh, Truirng €ai hot Cong nghiep Ha Noi Email' ng11yetdunghau1@gm3ll.com 1.GldlTHl|U Ket qua nhieu cuoc khao sat cho thay, sinh vien nganh Tai chinh-Ngan hang (TCNH) co ((len thCrc chuyen mon tuong doi tot, difOc the hien thong qua cac bai kiem tra, danh gia chuyen mon dau vao ung tuyen vao cac vi tri Ngaynhanbai: 05/11/2014 Ngay chiip nhan dang: 28/12014 cong viec tai cac ngan hang thifong mai hay cac doanh nghiep khac Tuy nhien, thac te lam viec cho thay, kha nang van dung nhC^ng kien thirc chuyen mon vao thac tien lai khong cao Sinh vien tot nghiep nganh TCNH, tradng Dai hpc Cong nghiep Ha Noi (DHCNHN) khong TapdifKHOAHOC&CONGNGHE S o n^m ngoai so Dod6,viecxac dinh cac yeu to anh hadng va mUc ^nh hadng cua cac yeu to tdi kha nang van dung kien thu'c vao cong viec thac te cua sinh vien tot nghiep nganh TCNH, trUdng Oai hpc Cdng nghiep Ha Noi la het sCrc quan trgng va cap thiet Dd LIEU VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN Cifl) 2.1 PhUcmg phap nghien cihi Tac gia da sCr dung phupng phap nghien cCru dinh luong va dinh tinh de thuc hien muc tieu nghien cu'u Vdi phuong phap dinh tinh: Nghien curu dUdc thuc hien qua ba bUdc nhSm xay dUng mo hinh nghien cu'u ve cac yeu to i n h hudng den kha nang van dung kien thCfc vao thdc te - Budc 1: DUa tren co sd nghien ciru ly luan va ket qua cac nghi§n cdu trUdc day, tac gia da tong hop dUdc 11 yeu to anh hudng thudc ba nhdm doi tUdng la ngudi lao dong, co sd dao tao va co sd sir dung lao ddng [1] - Budc Tac gia da tien hanh khSo sat lan de xac dinh cac yeu to tam, doi tUfJng khao sat la sinh vien Khda 4, nganh TCNH, trudng DHCNHN, vcri so mau la 30 Ket q u i khao sat cho thay, cd yeu to cd I n h hudng manh nhat den ECONOMICS-SOCIETYl (i) Nang ILPC cua chuyen v I (ii) Chu'ang trinii 6^0 tgo (iji) Phu'cmg phap d^o t^o (iv) C c hoi p h i t trien nghe nghi$p (v) Chinh sSch dai ngO Hinh Mo hinh nghien cilu Bang Danh gia thang cac bien doc lap Scaie mean if Scale Variance item Deieted if item Deleted Corrected item Alpha If -lotai Item Correlation Deleted 911 Cronbachs Alpha + Nhdm Cac doanh nghiep hien dang sif dung lao dong la sinh vien tot nghiep nganh TCNH, trUdng DHCN HN (28 phieu) NLCV- Nang lire chuyen vien NlCV.l 2130 13 322 624 NLCV2 2130 13.322 763 891 NLCV.3 20 94 12.612 778 888 NICV.4 21.17 12.203 792 886 NL(V.5 21.03 13.261 762 891 NLC»6 20.77 12.948 786 887 799 770 768 820 664 664 ,' ' ,' ,' ' ' 0.909 CT€T- Chirong trinh dao tao CT611 789 3.635 CTtlT.2 8.03 3.845 CTCB 8.23 4.024 845 0.886 848 PPOT- Phirong phap d^o tao PPCI.l 4.26 748 PP6I.2 4.27 1.001 CHNN- Co hoi phat trien nghe nghiep CHNN.I 4.08 902 CHNN.2 4.26 840 649 649 CSSN- Chinh sach dai ngo CSBN.1 4.29 731 CS6N2 4.24 863 763 763 0.793 0.864 Scale mean if Scale Variance Corrected Item - Alpha i f Item Item Deieted if Item Deleted Total Correlation Deleted ' Alpha K N V D - K h i nana van dung 4.36 697 793 KNVD.2 4.26 656 793 kha nang van dung kien thdc vao thuc te cua sinh vien tot nghiep nganh TCNH, trudng DHCNHN, dd \k (1) Nang luc ciia chuyen vien; (ii) Chddng trinh dao tao; (iii) Phucjng phap dao tao ciia ca sd dao tao; (iv) Cc ndi phat trien nghe nghiep va (v) Chinh sach dai ngd ciia ccJ sd sir dung lao ddng - Budc 4: Thu thap dd liiu v i xd ly dCr li^u thong qua phan mem SPSS 18.0 Quy trinh phan tich diJ lieu dUdc thUc hien thong qua kiem i^nh tin c3y ciia thang bing he so Cronbach's Alpha; kiem djnh gia trj ciia thang (phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA); phan tich hoi quy da bien de tim tam quan ciia cac yeu to 2.2 Kiem djnh tin c$y ciia thang 0.787 B^ng Danh gia thang bien phu thuoc KNVD.l - BUdc :Thiet ke bang khSo sat, khSo sat thir va di^u chinh thang do; - Budc 2: Thiet ket bing kh^o s^t chinh thdc Bang khSo sat bao gom phan: thdng tin ve doi tUpng khSo sat v^ cac yeu to Anh hudng tdi nang van dung kien thdc vao cong viec thUc te cua chuyen vien nganhTCNH tot nghiep nganh TCNH, trUdng DHCN HN - Budc 3: Khio sat chinh thdc nhom doi tucmg gom: + Nhdm Sinh vien Khda 4, nganh TCNH, trUdng DHCN HN lam cc ig viec dung chuyen mdn theo chuan dau (38 phieu) 0.884 - Budc 3: Sau xac dinh ddpc cac yeu to trpng tam, tac gia da dat lai ten cac yeu to va xay dung md hinh nghien curu (hinhl) Vdi phuong phdp dinh lugng: Sau xay dong dUpc md hinh nghien cdu va cac bien quan sat, nghien cdu ^nh luong duoc thuc hien gom bon budc sau: Ket quci thu dupc cho thay, kh5 nang van dyng kien thdc vao thuc te ciia chuyen vien nganh TCNH, trudng DHCNHN phu thupc vao yeu to vdi 15 bien quan sat, tieu chuan danh gia la h& so Cronbach's Alpha > 0.6 [2] va he so tUdng quan tong bien > 0.5; tat ca gia tri Crobach's Alpha ciia cac bien dpc lap deu > 0.7 va he so tUdng quan tong bien deu > 0.6, hdn nUa cac g i i tri Crobach's Alpha neu loai bien deu thap hon gia tri Crobach's Alpha (being 1) Cac thang cua cac bien phu thudc md hinh nghien cdu cd dp tin cay cao: he so Cronbach's Alpha = 0.884 > 0.6 va he sd tUOng quan tong bien deu la 0.793 > 0.5 (bing 2) Dieu cd nghla \k cac he sd deu dat ti&u chuan va cho thay cac thang cua cac bi^n dpc lap nghien cdu cd tin cay ao, I-^y ndi each So 25.2' • Tapdi Cnt MMSHXAHOL Bang Ma tran nhan to xoay (fiotatel Compon Bang KMO va kiem dmh Bartlett cac bien dpc lap Matnxa) 871 Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin ludng lay mau day du Nhan to Kiem dmh Bartlett cau the 793.257 Chi-blnh phircfng xap xi BactKdo 105 Sig .000 625 - NLCV.2 721 - NLCV.3 825 500 - NLCV.4 752 62.840 793.257 - NLCV.5 856 105 - NLCV.6 796 0001 000 -CIDT.1 852 -CTBI.2 896 -CT0I.3 768 - PPBT.l 817 - PPBT.2 528 B3ng KMO va Iciem dinh Bartlett bien phu thuoc Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin lifting lay mau day Sii Kiem dinh Bartlett cau the khac: v d i t h a n g d o 15 bien q u a n sat, sau k i e m d i n h b i i n g Cronbach's A l p h a , t a t Bang Ma tran nhan to xoay (Rotatel Component Matrixa) ca cac b i e n se dUOc s d d u n g t i e p t u c c h o Nhantd p h a n t i c h n h a n t d k h a m p h a EFA 2.3 Kiem i^nh gia trj cfia thang * Xac dinh nhdn to kham pbd EFA cdc bien doc lap Ket qua cho thay, cac thang deu cd gia trj cao de cac bien tuong dng: H# sd KMO dat 0.871 (> 0.5); cac bien khong cd tUdng quan vdi tong the (Sig = 0.000 < 0.05), thda man cac dieu kien ciia phan tich nhan td; cac gia tri Factor Loading cua cac bien deu > 0.5 (b^ng 3} Sau thdc hien phupng phap nhan td kham pha EFA, tat ca cac thang deu cd gia tri cao de cac bien tUong dng va cac yeu to da dupc quy tu, tap hpp tCr yeu to ban dau yeu to cd tinh dai dien hem (bang 4) Vi vay, cac yeu to dUOc sap xep va dat ten lai nhu sau: -KNVD.l 947 -KmD.2 947 1: NLCV (Ndng lue chuyen vien) Bao gom cac thang the hien kien thdc, ky nang va thai dp cua mot chuyen vien TCNH: Kien thdc chuyen mon ciia chuyen vien; Kien thdc xa hdi cua chuyen vien; Ky nang nghe nghiep cua chuyen vien; Ky nang xa hpi cua chuyen vien; Ky nang ca nhan ciia chuyen vien; Thai ciia chuyen vien - Nhdm 2: CSDT (Co sd ddo tao) Bao g o m t h a n g d o m d ta c h u c m g t r i n h d a o t a o va p h u o n g p h a p d a o t a o cua c o s d d a o t a o : N p i d u n g cac h p c p h a n sat v d i c o n g viec t r o n g t h u c t e ; C o c a u ly t h u y e t : 688 -CHNN.I 593, - CHNN.2 760 - CS6N.1 742 -CS8N.2 740 Khi nang vgn (iijng Hinh Mo hinh nghien cilu chinh thu'c va t h u c h a n h , t h u c t a p h p p ly; Cac h p c p h a n d u p c sap x e p t h e o t h d t u h p p ly; S d d u n g p h U d n g p h a p t i c h cue, c h u d o n g , sang tao - Nhom - Nhdm - NLCV.l 3: MT (Mdi trUdng Idm viee) Bao g o m thang the hien moi trudng lam viec ciia chuyen vien: Ren luyen sinh vien thdi quen t u kham pha kien thirc; Chu cdng tac dao tao nghiep vu cho chuyen vien; Khuyen khich chuyen vien bang each tao cd hpi t h i n g tien; Mdc Iddng thudng tuong xdng vdi vi tri cdng viec, nang luc va sU ddng gdp ciia chuyen vien; Che d p phuc Idi the hien sU quan tam toan dien den ddi song t m h than, the lUc cda chuyen vien Ket qua kiem djnh Bartlett cac bien phu thupc (bang 5) cho thay, he sd KMO dat 0.500 va cac bien khdng cd tUdng 94 TapdiiKHOAHOC&CONGNGHE S o quan vdi tong the (Sig = 0.000 < 0.05), thda man cac dieu ki^n ciia phan tich nhan to; cac gia tri Factor Loading deu > 0.5 Nhu vay, cac thang deu cd gia tri cao de bien phu thuoc Sifdung phUdng phap xoay Varimax produce vdi bien phu thupc cho thay, chi cd mot nhdm KNVD - Kha nang v5n dung, gom bien quan sat: Chuyen vien dap dng duoc hau het cac yeu cau cOa cong viec va Ket qu^ cda cac cong v i ^ cua chuyen vien dUpc d i n h gia la cd k^t qua t o t 2.4 Md hinh nghien cuTu Nhu vay, sau xac dinh nhan t6 kham pha, tac g\i da dieu chinh lai mo hinh nghien cuU chinh thdc (hinh 2) Sau qua trinh kiem dinh dp tin cay ciia thang (Cronbach's Alpha) va kiem ECONOMICS-SOCIETY cac yeu t o Mdc dp anh hudng cua cac yeu to ndng lUc sinh vien, co sd ddo tao va mdi trddng Idm viec den kha nang van dung dupc xac dinh thdng qua he so Beta Ket qua hoi quy cho thay, gia tri Sig cua cac bien deu < 0.05: NLCV la 0.000, CSDT la 0.000 va MT la 0.046 (bang 13) NhU vay, cac bien ndng li/c chuyen vien, co sd ddo tao va mdi trudng deu cd tac ddng den kha nang van dung Mdc dp tac ddng cua KNVD = P + p,NLCV + p^CSDT+ p^ cac bien the hien d he so hoi quy Beta, cu MT+E (1) the nhu sau: Trong do: KNVD: Kha nang van dung; NLCV: Nang Igc chuyen vien; CSDT: Cd sd - Yeu to "mdi trudng Idm viec": he ilaotao;JM7:M6i trudng lam viec;/3: Hang sd hoi quy Beta = 0.179, cd nghia la mdi so; ^.' He sd hoi quy neng phan tUcmg trudng lam viec giai thich duoc 17,9% sU iJtig vdi cac bien doc lap; E: Sai so ngau bien ddng kha nang van dung kien thdc nhien, vao thUc te c d m d c d p a n h hUCfng t h a p n h a t D o d p cOnh gia tn cac bien thong qua phan tich nh^n to kham pha EFA Cac yeu to dupc siJdung phan tich hoi quy bpi de kremdnih mo hinh nghien cdu va cac gia thuyetkenfitheaTacgiadaxaydUng md hinh h6i quy bdi vdi mdt bien phu thupc II Khi nang van dung va ba bien dpc lap la Nang Idc sinh vien, Cd sd dao tao va Moi tru'dng lam viec Md hinh hoi quy dific the hien phuong trinh (1) md hinh hoi quy danh gia mdc anh hudng cua cac yeu to den kh^ nang van dung kien thdc vao thuc te dddc viet lai nhUphUcftigtrinh(2) KNVD = 0.491 NLCV + 0.497 CSDT + 0.179MT (2) Nhu vay, sau chay hoi quy bpi da cho ket qua ve mdc dd anh hudng cua ba yeu to ndng lUc chuyen vien, cd sd ddo tao va mdi trUdng den kha nang van dung kien thdc vao thdc te cua sinh vien nganh TCNH Trong do, eosddao tao cd vai trd quan trpng nhat sau den ndng lUechuyen vien v a c u d i c u n g la mdi trUcmg Idm viec 3 Kiem djnh vi pham cac g i i thuyet He sd Durbin-Watson - 1.610 (bang Cic tieu chuan danh gia gdm: £>anh - Yeu td "ndng lUc chuyen vien": he gia su phii hop ciia md hinh; Xac dinh sd hoi quy Beta - 0.491, cd nghia la nang 7) cho thay, md hinh khdng vi pham tim quan ciia cac bien md Idc chuyen vien giai thich dupc 49,1% su sd dung md hinh hoi quy bpi va cd co sd hinh; Kiem djnh vi pham cac gia thuyet bien dong kha nang van dyng kien thUc de khang dinh mo hinh khdng cd hien tucfng tu tuong quan He sd phdng dai Kfr QUA NGHIEN COU vao thuc te 3.1 Kiem djnh phii htfp cua mo - Yeu td "casddao tao": he so hoi quy phuong sai VIF ciia cac bien la rat nhd (1.000) (bang 8) nen kha nang da cdng hinh Beta = 0.497, c d n g h i a la c h U c m g t r i n h Ketqua hdiquychothay, he so R binh d a o t a o va p h u c m g p h a p d a o t a o cua c o tuyen !a khdng cao Bieu dd Histogram cho thay, cac gia tri cao nam d giua, gia = 0521, he so R binh dieu chinh = 0.498 s d d a o t a o giai t h i c h dugc , % sU b i e n (Mng 7), dieu cd nghla la cac yeu td d d n g kha n a n g v a n d u n g kien t h d c v a o tri thap dan nam d hai ben, phan du chuan hda dd thi nhu dang chuan Md dua vao phan tich md hinh (nang t h u c t e cua sinh v i e n hinh dam bao phan phoi chuan Bieu N h u vay, y e u t d c c r s d d f i o W o c d a n h lycsinh vien, co sd dao tao va mdi trudng lam viec) se giai thich dUdc 52.1 % sU bien h u d n g Idn n h a t d e n kha n a n g v a n d u n g P-P Plot cho dau hieu nhan biet la phan du chuan hoa phan bd tren mot dudng iJong cua bien phu thupc (kha nang van k i e n t h d c v a o t h u c t e cua sinh v i e n , t i e p thang t h e o d d la y e u t o ndng luc chuyen vien dung kien thdc vao thUc te) 3.2 Kiem djnh tam quan cua va c u o i c u n g , y e u t d mdi trudng tdm viee Mo hinh R 722 R binh dieu chinh R binh Sai so chuan cua Udc lumig Durbin-Watson 1.610 70883295 -498 521 4.KHUY£NNGH! Ket qua nghien cUu tren cho thay, de nang cao kha nang van dyng kien thUc vao thuc te ciia sinh vien tot nghiep nganh TCNH, trudng DHCNHN, can cd su no luc ciia ca Nha trudng, cac doanh EJng7 Ket qua (to phii ho cua mo hinh Bing He so hoi quy cua mo hinh (Coefficients) iie so hoi quy chuan hoa He so hoi quy d l i Q diuan h ^ Mo hinh (HSngso) NLCV CSDT MT Do luomq da conq tuyen T He so hoi quy Saisodiuin 3.372E-17 087 Siq He so hoi quy (Beta) 000 1.000 {>o chap nhan cAa iie so phong dai bien phuong sai 491 088 491 5.590 000 1000 497 088 497 5.656 000 1.000 1.000 179 088 179 2.03j| 046 1.000 yai 1.000 — '— ' So • Tap dii KHOA HOC & CONG h I—iii'im II Bang Ma tran nhan to xoay (Rotatel Componen Bang KMO va kiem dinh Bartlett cac bien dpc lap Matrixa) Kaiser-Meyer-Oiicin ludng iay mau day dtj Kiem ainh Bartlett cau the 871 Chi-binhphifongxapxl - NLCV.l 625 -NLCV.2 721 - NLCV.3 825 500 - NLCV.4 752 62.840 793.257 -NLCV.5 856 105 -NLCV.6 796 000 000 -CTBT.1 000 Bang KMO va kiem ainh Bartlett bien phu tiiuoc Kaiser-Meyer-Olkinfloiirtmg lay mau day Su Kiem ^nh Bartlett tau the k h a c v d i t h a n g d o 15 b i e n q u a n s a t sau Component Matrixa) Nhan to p h a n t i c h n h a n t d k h a m p h a EFA 2.3 Kiem djnh gia trj cua thang nhdn to kham phd EFA cdc bien ddc lap 852 -CTBT.2 896 -CTST.3 768 - PPBT.l 817 - PPBT.2 528 Bang Ma tran nhan to xoay (Rotatel c5 cac b i e n se d u p c sir d u n g t i e p t u c c h o • Xdcdinh 105 Sig k i e m d j n h bSng Cronbach's A l p h a , t a t Nhan t o 793.257 Bacti/do - KNVD.l 947 -KNVD.2 947 Ket quel c h o thay, cac t h a n g d o d e u c d gia t r i c a o d e d o cac b i e n t U o n g i ^ g : 688 -CHNN.I 593 -CHNN.2 760 -CSBN.l ,742 -CSBN.2 740 He s o K M O d a t 0.871 (> 0.5); cac b i e n khdng c d t u o n g quan vdi t d n g t h e (Sig = 0.000 < 0.05), t h d a m a n cac d i e u kien c i i a p h a n t i c h n h a n t d ; cac Kha nSng vin dgng gia t r j Factor L o a d i n g c u a cac b i e n d e u > 0.5 ( b a n g 3) Sau k h i thUc h i e n phUOTig p h a p n h a n Hinh Mo hinh nghien cuti chinh thilc t d k h a m p h a EFA, t a t c l cac t h a n g d o d e u c d gia t r i c a o d e d o cac b i e n t u p n g d n g va cac y e u t o d a d u p c q u y t u , t a p h p p tCr yeu t d ban dau t h a n h yeu t o c d t i n h dai d i e n h o n ( b ^ n g 4) Vi vay, cac y e u t o dUOc quan vdi tong the (Sig = phan dupc s i p xep theo t h d t u h p p ly; Sir 0.000 < 0.05), thda man cIc dieu ki&n dung phUdng phap tich cue, chu ddng, ciia phan tich n h i n to; cac g i l tn Factor sang tao s i p x e p va d a t t e n lai n h U sau; - Nhdm 1: NLCV (Ndng lue chuyen va thuc hanh, thuc t a p h c ^ ly; Cac hoc vien) Bao g d m cac t h a n g d o t h e h i e n kien t h d c , k y n a n g va t h a i d p c i i a m o t c h u y e n v i e n TCNH: Kien thUc c h u y e n m d n cua c h u y e n v i e n ; Kien t h U c x a h p i cda c h u y e n - Nhom Loading deu > 0.5 NhUvay, cac thang 3: MT (Mdi tnfdng Idm viec) Bao g o m t h a n g d o t h e h i e n m d i t r u d n g deu cd gia trj cao d ^ bien phu thudc Sir dung phuong phap xoay Varimax l a m viec ciia c h u y e n v i e n : Ren l u y e n sinh prcxJuce vcfi bien phu thudc cho thay, v i e n t h d i q u e n t u k h a m p h a kien t h d c ; chi cd mot nhdm KNVD - Khi nang van Chu cong tac d a o t a o nghiep v u dung, gom bien quan sat: Chuyen vien cho chuyen vien; Khuyen khich chuyen dap dng dupc hau het cac yeu cau cOa v i e n ; Ky n a n g xa hpi c u a c h u y e n v i e n ; Ky v i e n b a n g each t a o c P h p i t h a n g t i e n ; cdng viec va Ket q u i cua cac cong v\^ n a n g ca n h a n cda c h u y e n v i e n ; Thai d p M d c l u c m g t h u d n g t U d n g x d n g v d i vj t r i ciia chuyen vien dUdc danh gia la cd ket cua c h u y e n v i e n c o n g viec, n a n g Idc v a s u d o n g g d p c i i a q u i tot v i e n ; Ky n a n g n g h e n g h i e p c i i a c h u y e n - Nhdm 2: CSDT (Co sd dao tao) Bao g o m thang m d t l chuong trinh dao tao va phuong phap dao tao ciia co sd dao tao: Npi dung cac hpc phan sat vdi cdng viec thUc te; Co cau ly thuyet c h u y e n v i e n ; C h e d o p h u c toi t h e h i e n sU quan t a m toan dien d e n d d i song tinh t h a n , t h e lUc c u a c h u y e n v i e n Ket q u a k i e m d j n h B a r t l e t t cac b i e n 2.4 Mo hinh nghien culU Nhu vay, sau xac djnh nhan t6 kham pha, tac g i l da dieu chinh lai md hinh nghien cdu chinh thdc (hinh 2) p h u t h u p c ( b a n g 5) c h o t h a y , h e s o K M O Sau qua trinh kiem dinh dp tin cay d a t 0.500 va cac b i e n k h d n g c d tUcmg ciia thang (Cronbach's Alpha) va kilm »4, Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH| S o ECONOMICS-SOCIETYl dinh gia trj cac bien thong qua phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA Cac yeu td dupc sir dung phan tich hoi quy bpi de kiem djnh mo hinh nghien cUu va cac gia thuyet kem theo Tac g i l da xay dUng mo hinh hoi quy bpi vdi mot bien phu thudc la Kha nang van dung va ba bien ddc lap la Nang lUc sinh vien, Co sd dao tao va MOI trUdng lam viec Mo hinh hdi quy dUdc the hien phuong trinh (1) CO mdc dp Inh hUdng thap nhat Do dd, md hinh hoi quy danh g i l mdc dp anh hudng cua cIc yeu to den kha nang van trudng lam viec den kha nang van dung dung kien thdc vao thuc te dUpc viet lai dupc xac dinh thdng qua he sd Beta Ket nhu phuong trinh (2) q u i hoi quy cho thay, gia tn Sig ciia cac KNVD = 0.491 NLCV + 0.497 CSDT + bien deu < 0.05: NLCV la 0.000, CSDT la 0.179 MT (2) 0.000 va MT la 0.046 (bang 13) NhU vay, NhUvay, sau chay hoi quy bdi da cac bien nang luc chuyen vien, co sd ddo cho ket q u i ve mdc anh hudng cua tao va moi trudng deu cd tac dong den ba y e u t d nang lUe chuyen vien, co $d KNVD = p + p, NLCV + p, CSDT + p, kha nang van dung Mdc dd tac dong ciia ddo tao va mdi trudng den nIng van cac bien the hien d he sd hdi quy Beta, cu dung kien thUc vao thuc te cua sinh vien MT + £ (1) nganh TCNH Trong do, eo sd ddo tao cd Trong do: KNVD: Kha nang van dung; the nhu sau: NLCV: Nang lUc chuyen vien; CSDT: Co sd - Yeu to "mdi trUdng Idm viec": he vai trd quan nhat, sau den ndng dao tao; MT: Mdi trudng lam viec; (3.- Hang so hoi quy Beta - 0.179, cd nghTa la mdi tUechuyen vien va c u o i c u n g la moi trudng so; )3; He sd hoi quy rieng phan tuong trudng lam viec giai thich duoc 17,9% su Idm viec ung vdi cac bien ddc lap; £: Sai sd ngau bien ddng kha nang van dung kien thdc 3.3 Kiem dinh vi pham cac gil nhien vao thuc te thuyet Cac tieu chuan danh gia gom: Danh - Yeu td "ndng lUc chuyen vien": he He so Durbin-Watson = 1.610 (bIng gil sU phu hpp ciia mo hinh; Xac dinh sd hoi quy Beta - 0.491, cd nghia la nang 7) cho thay, md hinh khdng vi pham tam quan trpng cua cac bien md Idc chuyen vien gili thich dupc 49,1% sU sd dung md hinh hoi quy bdi va cd cO sd hinh; Kiem ^ n h vi pham cac gia thuyet bien dong kha nang van dung kien thdc de khang dinh md hinh khdng cd hien vao thuc te tuong tu tuong quan He so phdng dai B.K^TQUANGHliNCCiru - Yeu to "casddao tao": he so hoi quy phuong sai VIF ciia cac bien la rat nhd 3.1 Kiem dinh phu htfp cua mo Beta - 0.497, co nghTa la chUOng trinh (1.000) (bIng 8) nen kha nang da cdng hinh Ket qua hoi quy cho thay, he sd R binh dao tao va phuong phap dao tao cua co tuyen la khdng cao Bieu Histogram = 0.521, he sd R binh dieu chinh = 0.498 sd dao tao giai thich dupc 49,7% su bien cho thay, cac gia trj cao nam d gida, gia (bing 7), dieu cd nghTa la cac yeu td ddng kha nang van dung kien thUc vao trj thap dan n i m d hai ben, phan dU chuan hda thi nhu dang chuan Md dua vao phan tich md hinh (nang thuc te cua sinh vien luc sinh vien, cP sd dao tao va mdi trUdng NhUvay, yeu td ccr sd ddo too cd anh hinh d i m b i o phan phoi chuan Bieu lam viec} se gili thich duoc 52,1 % sU bien hudng Idn nhat den kha nang van dung P-P Plot cho dau hieu nhan biet la phan ddng ciia bien phu thudc (kha nang van kien thdc vao thuc te cua sinh vien, tiep du chuan hda phan bo tren mdt dudng thing dung kien thdc vao thuc te) t h e o d o la y e u t d ndng tUc chuyen vien J Kiem djnh tam quan cua cac yeu to Mdc anh hudng cua cac yeu to ndng lUe sinh vien, ca sd dao tao va mdi va cuoi cung, yeu to md; trudng lam viee Mo hinh R 722 Rbinh R binh dieu chinh 521 j Sai so chuan cAa itdc iiftfng 498 Durbin-Watson 70883295 KHUYEN NGHI Ket qua nghien cUu tren cho thay, de nang cao k h i nang van dung kien thdc vao thuc te ciia smh vien tot nghiep nganh TCNH, trUdng DHCNHN, can cd sU no luc ciia ca Nha trUdng, cac doanh Bang Ket qua phu hup ciia mo hinh 1.610 Bing He so hoi quy cua mo hinh (Coefficients) He so hoi quy chua chuan hoa Mo hinh (HSngso) NLCV CSDT MT He so hoi quy • 1372M71 He so hoi quy chuan hoa Sai so chuan Do luomq da cong tuyen T Sig He so hoi quy (Beta) 087 000 1.000 Do chap nhan cua He so phong dai bien phuong sai 491 088 491 5.590 000 1.000 1.000 497 088 497 5.656 000 1000 1000 179 088 179 2.033 046 1.000 1.000 S S TapdiiKHOAHOC&CONGNGHE •smnsxAHOL nang cao nang van dung Do vly, de nIng cao nang lUc ciia minh, t d cdn ngoi tren ghe nha trUdng, sinh vien Thd nhdt, doi vcS trudng DHCNHN: can: Mot Id, cd ddng cd hpc tap rd rang, Vdi vai trd la don vi cung cap nhdng kien cd tinh than, thii dp hpc tap dung d i n va thdc, ky nang, la co sd de sinh vien cd the dac biet can xac djnh rd muc tieu nghe ti^p can va van dung vao thdc te, trudng nghiep Hai Id, tich cUc hpc tap, nghien DHCNHN can [3]: Mdt Id, cdi tien chuong cdu cac kien thdc, ky nang dUpc trang trinh ddo tga ngdnh TCNH: Chuong trinh bj chUdng trinh dao tao cua Nha dao tao can dUOc cli tien theo hudng trudng; ddng thdi, tich cUc tham gia vao glim bdt thdi lupng ly thuyet, tang thcri bai giang ciia giang vien, dac biet vdi cIc lupng thuc hanh, t h i o luan, thUc tap; Npi bai tap nhdm va bai tap thUc te, de t d dung cIc hpc phan can dUpc xay dung CO the ITnh hdi day dii dUdc cac kien thdc, tren co sd bam sat vdi cac mang cdng ky nang ciia chuong trinh dao tao Ba td, vi^c thuc te; Qua trinh dinh g i l ket chu dong trau doi them cac kien thdc xa q u i hpc tap cua sinh vien khdng nen qua hdi, ky nang ca nhan nhuky nang quin ly chu trpng d^n hinh thdc thi tren giay; thdi gian, ky nang vUpt khiing hoang , Chuong trinh dao tao ben canh trang bi thdng qua cac khda dao tao ngan han cho cIc em cac ky nang ve chuyen mdn, hay cIc td chdc doan the, xa hpi d cIn thiet phli trang bi cIc ky nang xa hpi va ngoai trddng nhu ky nang giao tiep, ky nang thuyet TTii? ba, doi vai ca sd sd dung lao trinh, ky nang thuyet phuc, ky nang ddng: Cac co sd sir dung lao dong co gili quyet van de ; Dau tU co sd vat Inh hudng quan trpng den nang chat phuc vu gilng day thuc hanh nhu van dgng kien thdc ly thuyet vao thuc phdng thuc hanh, phan mem thUc hanh, te cua sinh vien Vi vay, thdi gian md phdng phdng giap dich, san chiJng tdi, de cd the tan dung tdi da kien thdc, kholn giup smh vien dUpc lam quen ky nang cua ngudi lao ddng, cIc doanh dan vdi thuc te Hai la, doi mdi phuong nghiep can: Mdt Id, xay dung chinh sich phdp ddo tao theo hudng hien dai nhu dai ngo phu hpp vdi tdng thdi ky va tdng phUPng phap trao doi, phuong phap giai doan phit trien, ddng thdi bio d i m Case Study, phUdng phap md phdng, tinh linh hoat, cong bIng va canh tranh, phUdng phap ddng nao, phuPng phip cu the: (i) Xlc dinh t r i mufc lUong, thudng ddng vai nhim phat huy tinh tich cUc, canh tranh, tUdng xdng vdi vi tri cdng viec, chii ddng hoc tap va nghien cdu trinh dp, kinh nghiem cdng tie, nang Idc ciia sinh vien; Ket hc^p chat che vdi cac va sU ddng gdp cita moi nhin vien Ngoai doanh nghiep ITnh vUcTCNH nham luong, t y theo tinh chat dac thu cdng cung cap cho smh vien nhdng kien thUc viec, nhan vien cdn ddpc h u ^ g phu cap thuc te, giiip thu hep khoing cIch giUa He thdng luong, thUcmg va phu cap can ly thuyet vdi thuc tien, gida nha trudng xem xet hang nam de kip thdi t^eu chinh, va cIc doanh nghiep;To chUc nhieu CLB d i m bao tinh linh hoat va canh tranh (li) chuyen nganh nhU CLB nha dau tu tre, Xly dung che dp phuc Ipi tren co sd ngoai CLB nha phan tich tai chinh, CLB khdi viec tuan thu day du cIc quy djnh cua nghiep giup sinh vien duoc thuc hanh phap l u l t cdn the hien sU quan tam toan cIc ky nIng, tU tin, sing tao, ham hoc dien den ddi sdng tinh than va the lUc ciia hdi nhan vien (Hi) Xay ddng che dai ngd nghiep va chinh bin than sinh vien Tren CO sd do, tie g i l de xuat mot so khuyen nghi nhUsau: Tbdbai, ddi vdi sinb vien: Ngoli yeu t6"Casddaotao"lnh hudng Icim den nang van dung kien thdc vao thuc te thi "NIng luc chuyen vien" cung cd vai trd khong kem phan quan trong viec canh tranh nham thu hut va khuyen khich can bp quan ly ludn dat tich cang cao (iv) Xay dung vIn hda trao doi cdi md, thing than dUa tren sU ton trpng lan Nhin vien dUoc khuyen khich Tap dii KHOA HOC & CONG NGH^ So neu len cac y kien, thic mac ve tat c l cac ITnh vuc, thdng qua dien dan noi bo hole qua trao dol trdc tiep hole qua email, "lat c l cac y kien, thIc mic ciia nhan vien deu dupc giai quyet hoac dupc ghi nhan de llm cd sd cho viec cli tien cIc quy trinh, quy dinh da ban hanh Hai Id, quan t i m den phat trien nghe nghiep, dao tao nghiep vu cho dpi ngu nhan vien (cd the dIo tao t i p trung tai cac tnjng t i m hole dao tao tai cho bIng nhdng can bo nhan vien CO kinh nghiem) Nhan vien cd thinh tich cdng viec dat yeu cau trd len, cd du thdi gian kinh nghiem, cd trinh dp dip dng yeu cau cua cIc vj tri cdng vi§c khac nhau, duoc quyen tu dng tuyen vao vi tri ngang cap hoac cao hon, luon tao co hoi thing tien cho nhdng c l nhan co nIng luc, mong muon thif thich b i n thin S.KETLUAN Ket q u i nghien cdu djnh lUdng da cho thay, "Co sd dao tao" I I yeu to tac ddng manh nhat tdi k h i nIng vIn dung kien thdc vao cong viec thuc te cua sinh vien tot nghiep nganh TCNH, trddng DHCNHN, tiep den la yeu td "NIng lUc chuyen vien"va cuoi cung la yeu to "Mdi trudng lam viec" Tren co sd do, t i c g i l da de xuat mdt so khuyen nghj dudi c l ba goc do: CO sd dao tao, sinh vien va cac doanh nghiep Tuy nhien, nghien cdu cdn han che ve kich thUdc va quy mo mau khIo sit, vi vly, cIc ket luan mdi chi danh g i l duoc vdi hai khda sinh vien trudng CIc nghien cdu tiep theo se dUdc thuc hien tren co sd khao sat mau d quy md Idn hdn, cIc k^t luan se cd y nghia thuctehpn/ Phan bien khoa hoc TS Wguyen Viet Hanh TAlUeUTHAMKHAO [1 ] Andy Martin & Helen Hughes, How to Make the Most of Work Integrated Learning, 2010 [2], Hair Jr, F, Anderson, R £., Tatham, R.L, Glad, Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, Srd ed„ Maonilan Publishing Company, 1992 (31 NguyHi Thi Nguyet Dung, Nghien cihi sil anh hudng cua cacyeu to tdi nang van dung cua smh vien tot nghiep nganh Tai diinh ngan hang, trudng Dai hoc (ongnghiep Ha N6i, Hoi thao khoa hocquocgia,2014  ... vao phan tich md hinh (nang t h u c t e cua sinh v i e n hinh dam bao phan phoi chuan Bieu N h u vay, y e u t d c c r s d d f i o W o c d a n h lycsinh vien, co sd dao tao va mdi trudng lam viec)... ben, phan dU chuan hda thi nhu dang chuan Md dua vao phan tich md hinh (nang thuc te cua sinh vien luc sinh vien, cP sd dao tao va mdi trUdng NhUvay, yeu td ccr sd ddo too cd anh hinh d i m b... CO sd dao tao, sinh vien va cac doanh nghiep Tuy nhien, nghien cdu cdn han che ve kich thUdc va quy mo mau khIo sit, vi vly, cIc ket luan mdi chi danh g i l duoc vdi hai khda sinh vien trudng