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invb iicnuiAUUVb C =^ THIET KE TAI Llfu nr HOC cd HUONG DAN THEO M O D U N TRONG DAY HOC HOA HOU C 0 d CAC TRU0NG DAI HOC VA CAO DANG Y T E I D I t v^nd t f Theo Lult Gilo dye dupe Qufic hfii thfing q[.]
invb iicnuiAUUVb C-=^ THIET KE TAI Llfu nr HOC cd HUONG DAN THEO M O D U N TRONG DAY HOC HOA HOU C d CAC TRU0NG DAI HOC VA CAO DANG Y T E ThS NGUYiN THj NGUYfT TrUtngDflhvcYHINfl I.DItv^ndtf Theo Lult Gilo dye dupe Qufic hfii thfing qua 14/6/2005, ditfu 40, mue da ntfu rd: 'PhUOng phap dio tgo trinh dfi cao ding, trinh dfi dgi hoc p h l i coi trpng vifc bfii dtfdng y thtfc ttf gile hpc t f p , nlng lye ttf hpc ttf nghitfn cQu, p h i t tritfn ttf sing tgo, rfn luyfn kT n l n g thtfc hlnh, tao dieu kitfn eho ngudi hpc tham gia nghitfn ctfu, thtfc nghifm, tfng dyng" Trong hf thfing gilo dye nyfic ta hlfn nay, cle trudng dgi hpc v l cao d i n g y ttf cung d p ngufin nhln lyc ChQ ytfu cho nglnh Y Mufin phyc vy tfit nhat nhu clu blo vf, chim sfic v l nlng cao stfc khfie n h l n d i n d mpi IQc mpi noi, ytfu c l u sinh vitfn (SV) y khoa p h i l cfi kitfn thtfe v l kl nlng nghtf nghitfp co b i n vtf y hpc dtf xlc djnh, dtf x u l t v l tham gia g i l i quytft cle v f n dtf sCfe khotf c l nhln v l cfing dfing, cfi k h i n l n g nghitfn ctfu khoa hpe v l t y hpc dtf n l n g cao trinh d6.[l] Dtf d i m b l o chit ltf(?ng d i o tao, thyc hien cufic cleh mgng vtf phuong p t i i p day hpe (PPDH), chuytfn hoi nhCfng thlnh tyu mdi n h l t eua khoa hpc v l cfing nghtf vio thye titfn dgy hoc, elc trtfdng dai hpc v l cao ding y ttf d l v l dang titfp cfn vdi vitfc stf dgng cfing nghf mfidun h o i -nfil dung dgy hpc, stf dyng nhtfng phtfong titfn kT thuft dgy hpe v l t i l llfu ty hpc cfi htfdng d i n bitfn sogn theo mfidun, chuytfn sang htf thfing dgy hpc mdi, htf dgy hpc 'ttf hpe - c l thtf h o i cfi hudng d i n t Mfidun d^y hpc v f phtfOng p h i p ttf hoc cfi htfdng d i n theo mfidun 2.1 Khdi nifm mddun dgy hpc Theo L.D' Hainaut v l Nguytfn Ngpc Quang: "Mfidun dgy hpc I I mfit don vj, mfit chtfong trlnh dgy hpc ttfOng dfii dfic tfp, dtfpc c l u trQc mfit cleh dfe bift nhim phuc vy cho ngudi hpe, nfi chtfa dtfng cl mye titfu dgy hpc nfii dung dgy hpc PPDH v l h f thfing cfing cy d i n h g i l ktft q u i ITnh hfii, g i n bfi chft chtf vdi t h l n h mfit thtf h o l n chtnh" Mfidun dgy hpc I I t l i lifu ty hpc cfi htfdng d i n , mfil mfidun ttfong tfng vdi mfit ehCi dtf dgy hpc xlc djnh Logic cQa mfidun cfi sy hudng d i n ngtfdi hpc t y lyc thye hitfn trtfn dtfdng titfn tfii chltfm ITnh holn toln nfil dung mfidun Hpe theo mfidun cho phtfp ngtfdi hpe ti/ng btfdc l l m vltfc dfic tip, khim p h i v l tinh hfil kitfn thufc theo nhjp dfi ritfng phtf hpp vdi nlng lye cila b i n t h i n , t y d i n h g i l ktft q u i hpc t f p , cCing cfi v i ditfu chtnh sau mfii nfii dung, glQp eho ngtfdi hpc nang eao c h i t Itfpng hpc tap Ngoli ra, mfidun dgy hpe cfin giup ngtfdi dgy bitft dtfpc mtfc dp ITnh hfii kitfn thtfc cQa SV de cfi bitfn p h i p glQp dd kip thdi 2.2 Ciu trdc cda mddun day hpc Theo L.D'Hainaut, [2J mfit mfidun dgy hpe ehfnh la sy v i n b i n h o i nfii dung v l PPDH, gfim bfi phf n chQ ytfu, tgo t h l n h mfit ehlnh thtf thfing nhat: Hf v i o • Thin mfidun • Hf - Hf v i o eua mfidun gfim: Ten gpi hay tieu de cQa mfidun, cle mye titfu cQa mfidun, b l i kitfm tra, elc htfdng d i n dtf ngtfdi hpc nghitfn cCfu nfii dung titfp theo; - T h i n mfidun: L l bfi phln chO ytfu cQa mfidun, bao gfim mfit loat cic titfu mfidun ttfOng tfng vdi cle myc titfu d l dtfpc xlc djnh d htf v i o cQa mfidun Titfu mfidun I I mfit bfi p h l n tuong dfii dfic Igp cOa mfidun day hpc dtf tC/ng titfdc thye hifn nhifm vy cQa mfidun Mfii titfu mfidun cfi mye titfu, nfii dung, ktf hogch d i n h g i l tUdng tfng nhtfng d elp dfi t h i p hon CIc titfu mfidun litfn ktft vdi bdi cle test trung gian v l mufin ITnh hfii dupe phli ein mfit thdi gian hpc t f p n h l t djnh CQng cfi trtfdng hpp than cQa mfidun ttfong Ong vdf mfit tttfu mfidun nhlt Clu trQc cQa titfu mfidun gfim: Phln md dau: d f t SV v i o mfit tlnh hufing dgy hpe thich hpp, giiip SV titfp c f n vdi nhiifng myc titfu cy thtf cQa tieu mfidun, cung d p eho SV t l i nguytfn hpc tfp, htfdng dSn SV lya chpn dtfdng gill quytft v i n dtf nhfn thtfc; Phan nfii dung v l phtfOng p h i p hpc tfp: SV p h i t hifn v l g i l i quytft cle v i n dtf qua dfi n i m viJmg elc myc t i f u cOa titfu mfidun; Phln d i n h g l l trung gian: Cho phep SV d i n h g i l dupe nhtfng mye titfu n i o cQa titfu mfidun dfi dgt, v l d n thitft cfi thtf htfdng d i n SV hpc nhiifng mfidun phy dgo - Htf cQa mfidun dtf tfing ktft kitfn thtfe ehung, d i n h g i l ktft thQc v l htfdng d i n SV hpc t f p cle mddun titfp theo tQy thufic ktft q u i d l dat dtfpc cQa mfidun trtfdc dfi 2.3 Phuang phdp ttf hpe ed htfdng dan theo mddun Phtfong p h i p t y hpc cfi hudng d i n theo mfidun thufic phuong p h i p tfi chtfc dgy hpc chtfong trinh hfia, d i m b l o t u i n theo nhtfng nguytfn t i c cO b i n cQa q u i trinh dgy hpc nhtf: C l thtf hfia hpc t f p , hlnh thlnh d SV kT nlng ty hpc tC/thlpdtfn cao, gilng vien (GV) thu t h f p thfing tin ve ket q u i hpc t f p cua stf in-THANG 30015*45 > ^ T H ^ TliN BlAO DVC _ SV sau q u i trinh t y hpc v l giup dd c i n thitft Cung theo t i c g i l tr#n, stf dyng elc mfidun dgy hpc SV efi the ty hpc t y kitfm tra mtfc dfi n i m vtjfng kitfn thtfe, kt nlng v l t h i i dfi theo nhip dfi riing cQa b i n t h i n de dat tdi mue tieu dgy hpc (Xem so dfi 1): Sadd 1: Phuang phdp ttf hpc cd hudng ddn theo mddun Sadd 2: Quy trinh thiit kivd biin sogn tdi Ufa ttfhpcd hudng ddn theo mddun Gidt thieu c4cb (Ung modun SV i^tujn c ^ ma&m thii nhit d^ giii qoyjt v£n de fi de n =r I SVnr hpc tip tbeo nhjp d^riang | ; z Z ^ [ G V g i i y d J Idu c k drift | I [ s v t i ; dinh gii biiig cic tea tmng gian | [ G V dinh gii bJugc&etetlkA thac | Kghifn cAu mflduntijplheo [ Thitft ktf t l i l i f u t ^ hpc cfi htfdng d i n theo mfidun flay hoc Hfia Htfu ctf v i c i c h ttf hoc theo mfidun 3.1, Mtfc tiiu dgy hpc phdn Hda Htfu ctf -Vtf kitfn thOc: Ntfu dtfpc nhtfng kitfn thO'e cd b i n vtf eau tao chit htfu co, vtf stf ttfdng t i c v l cleh thtfe van dfing cQa chung t y nhitfn; Hitfu dtfpc mfit sfi quy tuft vtf sy bitfn dfii cQa d c c h i t Dy d o l n co chtf v l k h i nlng p h l n tfng, nhCfng hitfn ttfpng kem theo cQng nhtf d c ytfu tfi thtfc day hole kim h i m elc q u i trinh dfi; Hitfu v l v f n dyng dtfpc llthuytft, d c dng dyng cOa Hfia HCfu co l l m cO sd eho chuytfn nglnh Hfia sinh, Sinh li, DUpc 11, Dinh dtfdng, ; Hitfu d e h thQc titfn hlnh d c b l i thyc hlnh Hfia Htfu cd; - Vtf kT nlng: SV v f n dyng tfit d c kitfn thtfe li thuytft viec nhln bitft d c chit hCfu cd phfing thi nghiem, sQ dyng dung cic dung cy, h o i chit, bitft ghi clitfp v l xQ If d c dtf lifu thu dtfpc l l m thf nghifm; - Ve t h l l dfi: Rtfn luyfn tlnh d n thf n, nghifm tfic trung thyc ttf Itfc nghitfn cOfu, co Ifing tin v i o khoa hpc ham hpc hfii v l htfng thtf vdi mfin Hfia hpc nfii chung v l Hfia Htfu CO nfii ritfng; - Vtf ttf v l n l n g lyc: Hlnh thlnh k h i n l n g ttf khoa hpc lien h f glCfa II thuytft hfia hpc co b i n vdi cle mfin ehuyen nglnh cfi lifn quan dtf hitfu rfi b i n chit nhCfng v f n dyng cQa hfia hpc y hpc ddi sfing Rfn luyen nlng lyc p h i t hifn v l g i l i quytft v i n dtf, nlng lue hpp t i c thieh tfng mfii trtfdng, nlng lyc dinh g i l v l ttf d i n h g i l 3.2 Quy trinh thiit kivd biin sogn tdi llfu ttf hpc cd hudng dAn theo mddun Trong dfi: 1/ Nfil dung chQ dao (gfim cle b l i hpc 46>KHOilligGGlAODyC I LAigdtagvim^ffagtRngdtyliociAtBHRC m l SV d n nghitfn cdu q u i trlnh hpc tip), nfii dung hfi trp (gom kien thtfc khfing thufic b l i nghien cdu nhtfng cfi litfn quan v l phyc vy cho b l i hpc); 2/ Danh myc mfidun p h l n H o i HCfu cd gfim danh mye nfil dung v l danh myc phy dao Moi bit hpc hpc p h l n ttfdng tftig I I mfit mfidun nfil dung chQ dao Danh muc mfidun phu dgo thufic bfi phf n not dung hfi trp eCia p h l n Hfia HCfu eo; 3/ Ma sfi cCia mfidun cho bitft mfidun thufic hpc phan nio, I I nfii dung chQ dgo hay nfii dung ho trp v l thtf t y cua mfidun Nhtf vay, htf thfing m l sfi d c mfidun se the hifn dtfpc c l u trQc t o l n bfi nfii dung cQa p h l n Hfia HCfu cO M l s6 cQa mfidun tgo thuf n toi cho vifc htffirng d i n SV xfy dyng ktf hogch hpc t f p theo kitfu t y hpc - d thtf h o i - efi htfdng d i n Vdi yeu c l u nhtf tren ma sfi d c mfidun bao gfim cle nhfim kl hifu sau: a/ Blng chtf, x l c djnh mfidun thufic hpc p h l n nio, nfii dung chQ dao hay nfii dung hfi trp, cy thtf I I : mfin Hoi hpc -HH p h l n Hfia Htfu CO -HHC, nfii dung chQ dao -ND, nfii dung ho trp HT; b/ Blng sfi, x l c djnh thtf t y cCia khfii nfii dung Idn cQa phan Hfia HCfu cO, cy thtf I I : - Nhfim sfi thtf nhlt: Chl sfi thtf ty cQa mfidun tuong tfng vfil cAc b l i hpe Vf du: IMa sfi 01 chl Bli - Clu trQc p h l n tQ hop chit htfu CO - Dong p h l n - Nhfim sfi thtf hai: Chl so thtf t y cQa d c titfu mfidun tuong tfng vdi d c p h l n nfii dung cQa b l i Vi dy: M l sfi 02 chl nfil dung 2: Dfing p h l n Htf thfing ma sfi d c mfidun phln Hfia Htfu CO dtfpc trlnh b i y b l n g sau d l y [3]: .IHtfC TliN GlAO DVC " S ^ Bdng 1: Hi thing mds6cdc midiin Hda HQu ca renui IHisf mfidun tu c i u trtic phin ti> hpp chat HH/ND.HHC.01 hUucp-Ofngphin Nfi dung 1: Ciu true phin t f HH/ND.HHC.01.01 hpp chit hOu CP HH/ND.HHC01.02 Nfi dung 2: Of nq phin Danh phip hfa hpc HH/HT.HHC.02 hiJuco HH/ND.HHC.03 Htfu iJng ciu trdc PhinOhgcfahppchithQUCP HH/ND.HHC.04 HH/ND.HHC.05 HydrocartMh Nfi dung 1: Hydrocarbpn np HH/ND.HHC.05.01 HH/ND.HHC.05.02 Nfi dung 2: Hydrocarbpn khfng np Nfi dung 3: Hydrocarbon HH/ND.HHC.05.03 thpm xuit halogen cfa HH/HT.HHC.06 e Din hydrocarbon Alcol -Phenol-Ether HH/ND,HHC.07 Nfi dung 1:Alcol HH/ND.HHC.07.01 Nfidung2:Thioalcol Nfi dung 3; Phenol HH/ND.HHC.07.02 Nfi dung 4: Ether HH/ND.HHC.07.03 HH/ND.HHC.07.04 HH/ND.HHC.07.05 Nfldung5:Thipether Aldehyd - Cetpn - Glucid HH/ND.HHC.08 Nfi dung 1: Aldehyd - Cetpn HH/ND.HHC.08.01 HH/ND.HHC.08.02 Nfi dung 2: Glucid Acid carbpxyllc - Ester v i HH/ND.HHC.09 hpp chit t?p chlJc cf nhf m carbpxyl Nfi dung 1: Acid carbpxyllc HH/NaHHC.09.01 Nfi dung 2; Ester HH/ND.HHC.09.02 HH/ND.HHC.09.03 HH/ND.HHC.09.(I4 "Jf dung 3: Hydroxy acid Nfi dung 4; Oxp acid 10 Amin - Amid v i hpp chit t^p HH/ND.HHC.10 chUc cf nhdm amin HH/ND.HHC.10.01 Nfi dung 1:Amin Nfi dung 2: Amid 4f dung 3: Amin acid Nfi dung 4: Amin alcol 11 Cic hpp chit dj v f ng HH/ND.HHC.10.02 HH/ND.HHC.10.03 HH/ND.HHC.10.04 HH/ND.HHC.11 - Blng quan htf glCfa d c mfidun I I ca sddtf htffimg d i n SV hpc t f p theo kitfu p h l n h o i (blng nhitfu dtfdng), d thtf h o i (theo tCmg ngtfdi), vdi nhjp dfi c l nhln dtf dgt tdl mye titfu Dfing thdl, cQng I I cfing cy dtf htfdng d i n cho GV theo dfii, glQp dd v l kitfm tra SV q u i trlnh hpc t f p Thitft ktf mfit tieu mfidun cQa phan Hoi Htfu cO Moi mfidun p h l n Hoi HCfu co efi thtf bao gfim d c tieu mfidun Mot titfu mfidun la phuong titfn chfnh giup SV ttf hpc dtf timg btfdc dgt dtfn muc titfu mfit cleh vCfng c h i c Cau true cQa titfu mfidun bao gfim: Ttfn cQa tieu mfidun v l m l so; Mue titfu cQa titfu mfidun; T l i litfu tham k h i o ; Htfdng dan SV t y hpc; Bai t i p ttf kitfm tra kitfn thufc eua SV (Bli kitfm tra tan 1); Nfii dung If thuytft can nghien ctfu (Thfing tin p h l n hfii); Bai tap ttf kitfm tra sau da nghien ctfu thfing tin p h l n hfii (Bai kiem tra lan 2); Bli tap van dyng • Vi du; Titfu mfidun: Hydrocarbon khfing no ma sfi HH/ND.HHC.05.02 A Myc titfu Kitfn thQc: Dinh nghTa v l phan logi dtfpc hydrocarbon khfing no; Mfi t l dtfpc trgng t h i i lai hfia cQa nguyen tQ carbon, g i l i thich dtfpc sy tgo t h l n h lien ktft alken v l atkyn, hlnh dgng cQa phln ttf, dp ben v l tinh c h i t cQa chQng;Dpc dtfpc ttfn alken v l alkyn don g i l n theo danh p h i p lUPAC; Vitft dtfpc cfing thdc elc logi dong p h l n cOa hydrocarbon khfing no; Vitft dtfpc CO chtf p h l n tfng cfing etectrophil So sinh v l g i l i thich k h i n l n g p h l n tfng cQa d c hydrocarbon khfing no; Vitft dtfpc c l u tgo hfia hpc cQa sin p h i m chinh mfit s6 p h l n dng quan trpng cQa alken v l alkyn eho trtfdc; Bitft dtfpc d e h ditfu chtf v l ngufin hydrocarbon khfing no thitfn nhien; Ntfu dtf^c iifng dyng y hpc ddi sfing cQa mfit sfi hydrocarbon khfing no v l d i n xult; Hitfu dupe v l efi t h l l dp dQng d i n vtf vai trfi cQng nhU I n h htfdng cQa mfit sfi hydrocarbon khfing no vdi mfii trtfdng sfing v l CO thtf eon ngtfdi KTnlng:Dpc nghien ctfu gllo trlnh, t l i litfu hpe t i p , tfng dyng cfing nghf thfing tin, nghe gilng, trao doi, t h i o lugn, thu t h f p v l xQ If thfing tin; VIn dyng kitfn thtfc If thuyet dtf l l m b l i tfp, g i l l quytft d c v i n de thye tien Thll dp: Ren luyfn tfnh can thfn, nghiem tQc trung thtfc t y lyc nghitfn cQli, cfi Ifing tin v i o khoa hpc ham hpc hfil v l hOtig thQ vdi mfin Hfia hpc nfii chung v l Hfia Htfu ed nfii ritfng Ttf v l n l n g lyc: Hlnh thlnh k h i nlng ttf khoa hpc lien h f gitfa dgc ditfm c l u trQc cQa hydrocaron khfing no vdi cle tlnh c h i t co b i n cQa chQng v l tfng dung y hpC ddi sfing Rfn luyfn nlng lye p h i t hitfn v l gili quytft v i n dtf, nlng Itfc hpp t i c thfch Ofng mfii trudng, nlng lyc d i n h g i l v l t y dinh gil B.lfl litfu tham khio Phan An (chQ bien), (2008), Hda v6 etfvd htfu ca, NXB Y hpc H I Nfii, (Trang 129 dtfn 133) Nguytfn Duy Ai - Nguytfn Tlnh Dung - Trln Thlnh Hutf -Trln Qufic Son - Nguytfn VInTfing (2003), Mptsivin dichpn IpceOa hda hpc t f p II, NXB Gilo dye HI Nfil, (Trang 311 dtfn 319, trang 331dtfn 335) Trln Manh Blnh - Nguytfn Quang Dgt (chQ bitfn), (2007), Hfia hpc htfu cO, t f p t, NXB Y hpc H I Nfii (Trang 143 dtfn 165, trang 193 dtfn 209) S6IU-THAIIG3/2IF15«47 i ^ THVCTliNGlAODQG Trln Qufic Son - D i n g VIn Utfu, (2011), Gido trlnh casd Hda hgchOu ca, t i p I, NXB Dgi hpc Stf pham, HI Nfii (Trang 141 dtfn 198) C Htfdng dan SV ttf hpc * SV dpe t l i iifu d cle trang da htfdng d i n v l t r l Idi d e eau hfil sau: Neu djnh nghia v l p h l n logi hydrocarbon khfing no Lly vf du v l dpe ten mfit sfi hydrocarbon khfing no dOn giln Phln tfch die ditfm d u trQc va mfii quan h f gitfa d u trQc vdi tfnh c h i t cQa alken, alkyn Viet cfing thtfc cau trQc cle dfing p h l n hlnh hpe (ntfu cfi) cQa mfit c h i t cho trtfdc Viet d c btfdc mfii CO chtf p h l n tfng cfing etectrophil giCfa ethen, propen, 2-methylpropen vdi Cl^ HC( (hofc HBr, HI, HF) Nhln xtft vtf k h i nlng phjin Q'ng cQa d e alken, cOa HCI (HBr, HI, HF) v l sin pham chinh thu dUpc Neu v l gill thich quy t i c Markovnikov Vitft c l u tgo hfia hpc cua sin pham chlnh thu dupe cho propen, buta-1,3-dien l i n Itfpt t i c dyng vdi Br^ (ditfu kifn p h l n tfng cfi dQ) 6.Tlm hitfu ngufin hydrocarbon khfing n o v l dSn xult cua ehung thien nhitfn, neu mfit sfi Qrig dyng y hpc, ddi sfing v l I n h htfdng cQa chQng vdi sQe khfie ngtfdi? D BII t f p ttf kitfm tra kitfn thtfc cQa SV (Bli kitfm tra tan 1] Clu 1: Cho hpp chit cfi d u tgo sau: CH3-CH2 phln hfii) Ndi dung Djnh tighia, p h l n lo^i v f d f c ditfm ciu triic 1.1 Ojnh nghia: I I hydrocarbon cfi chtfa lien ktft kf p p h l n tCf 1.2 Phdn logi: Theo sfi nfit dfii, nfii ba p h l n tQ - Hydrocarbon khfing no cfi mfit nfil dfii; Alken; - Hydrocarbon khfing no cfi mfit nfii ba: Alkyn; 1.3 Die Hem ciu trdc CH3 - CH2 - C H - C H - C H - CH = C H - C H CH3 Ten cda hpp chit dfi I I : A 4-methyl-5-ethytoct-2-en B 5-ethyl-4-methyloet-2-en C 4-ethyl-5-methyloet-6-en D 5-methyl-4-ethyk)ct-6-en Clu 2: Cfi mfit sfi p h i t bitfu sau: C^Hg cfi dfing p h l n cau tgo But-2-en efi dfing p h l n hlnh hpc Mgch carbon alkyn (tif C^H trd Itfn) lufin cfi mfit dogn thSng It n h l t I I nguytfn tuC Tit c l d c nguytfn tO" carbon CjH^ C^H,, CjH^C^H dtfu iai hfia sp^ CIc p l i l t bleu chlnh xle I I : A.1,2,3 B.1,2,4 C.2,3,4 D.1,3,4 Clu 3: Khi cho propen t i e dyng vdi HCI thu dtfpc sin pharn chfnh I I : A 1-doropropan B 1,2-dietoropropan C 2-cloropropan D.clAvIC Clu 4: Dly dtfpc xtfp theo thtf ty t i n g d i n nhif t dfisfiill: A but-2-en, but-1-en, propen, ethen B ethen, propen, but-2-en, but-1 -en JI A nifti yne aiii n C propen, ethen, but-1 -en, but-2-en D ethen, propen, but-1-en, but-2-en Clu 5: Cfi mfit sfi phat bitfu sau: Cfi thtf dung ethyten kich thieh l l m cho q u i nhanh chfn Acetylen ehl dtfpc dung l l m nguytfn lieu tfing hpp htfu co Vitamin A efi cO q u i m l u dfi, cfi t i c dyng chfing khfi m i t , tang stfe dtf khIng cQa co thtf Menthol efi tinh dau bac h i cfi t i c dung sit trung, dtfpc dung mfit sfi thuoc ho Cle p h i t bitfu dung la: A.1,2,3 B 2,3,4 C 1,3,4 D.I, 2,4 E Nfii dung If thuytft c i n nghien eCfu (Thfing tin * Alken: cfi nguyen tQ carbon lai h o i 5p^ mfit litfn ktft n ktfm btfn, dfi d l i litfn ket C = C I I 1,34A'> Mgch C alken (ttf C,Hg) 11 dtfdng g i p khQc vdi gfic lien ktft khic * Atkyn: cfi nguytfn tOf carbon lai h o i sp, dp d l i lien ktft C •> CI11,20 A" Dfi I m (Iflf n cQa C lai hfia sp Idn hon C lai hda sp^ Mgch C atkyn (tQ C,H^ lufin cfi mfit doan t h i n g ft n h l t I I nguytfn tiif C Tfnh chit If hpc - Tfnh tan: tt tan ntfdc dtf tan dung mfii htfu CO - Nhift dp sfii, nhift dfi nfing chly: h l u htft t i n g lien ktft ktfp chuytfn djch v i o phla cQa mgch carbon - Dfing p h l n trans cfi nhitft dfi nfing chly cao hon, nhitft dfi sfii t h i p hon dong p h l n ds A^tta ACQ Pmpu Sm-I^a ri*a*J.« -lU J7 -uo -5 1» "* Pd»-l4B A^OKZ^ oaihHa-'i^ •Its M Tea ã151 nji ã!ô> 34.4 AfO Tn "^(t) AM]la 41 '''""ã ãm ãaj Bô-|.^ ãm 1,1 -3J ô p ôu •in H,1 THVCnCNGlAODVC'^ M f t sf phin Ong quan trpng 3.1, fhin ling cfng etectrophil -Tic n h i n X , MX, HOH, HOX, Co chf c f n g electrophil, quy t i c cfng Markovnikpv R*CH = CH, + H - X ' R - C H X - C H , • A f(0 A O c l n u CitExt LimoBtn Mcndiol IccBJii Cimphui Cunphoi • Corofen cd t h l n h phln eua nhieu loai rau, hoa q u i v l die blft efi nhieu d c logi q u i cfi m l u dfi nhu gac, du du, c l rfit Caroten quan trpng cd cfing thtfe ehung nhu sau: f A -r Trong dfi Hal I I halogen (I, Br, ) - So vdi alken, thi alkyn cfi k h i n l n g p h l n tfng thap hon dfii chut Vdi alkadien litfn hpp, p h l n tfng cfing se tgo hfin hpp sin p h i m cfing 1,2 v l 1,4 Tujf theo t i c n h l n p h l n tfng v l nhift dfi m l mfit sin pham n i o dfi se chltfm tt If eao hon Be I CH,= C H - C H - C H i - ^ * Camphen efi tinh d l u thfing Siberi Camphor cd tinh d l u long nio, cfi t i c dyng kich thich t h i n kinh trung uong, kfch thfch hfi hap, t u i n holn va tim Dung djch camphor dau dupc dQng l l m thuoc trp tim Br -CH,-CH-CH"CH,(2Dft) Br Be C*oai,4 I I •CH,-CH-CH-CH,(gO%) 3.2 Phdntfngoxy hda TQy thufic b i n c h i t cQa alken, alkyn, ditfu kifn v l t i c nhln oxy hfia, p h l n tfng sf thu dtfpc cle sin phim khic Dya v i o sin pham cfi thtf xlc C^nh dupe d u tgo cQa alken ban d l u Mfit sfi hydrocarbon khfing no 4.1.Bthen(«thyien) Dtfpc dCing chCi ytfu l l m nguytfn lifu cong nghitfp tfing hpp polyme v l d c h o i c h i t co bin khic nhtf alcol, acid, Ethylen cfin cfi t i e dyng kfch thfch l l m cho t r l i ely mau chfn 4.2 Acetylen Acetylen dtfpc dung l l m nhien lifu t h i p sing, hin, nguyfn lifu tfing hpp nhitfu h o i chat co b i n tfing hpp htfu ca 4.3 Buta-1,3-dien vd Isopren DQng Ilm nguytfn lifu tfing hpp polyme (sin xult cao su) 4.4 Terpen vd ddn xuit * Odmen cfi tlnh dau I I htfng, mfit s6 d i n xult nhtf citral, cfi tnsng ttnh d l u vd chanh, si, ming tang,., dtfpc dQng l l m thufic xfing, sit trung dtfdng ho hipt nguytfn lifu sin xult nude hoa, d l u xoa, * LImonen cfi tinh d l u thfing, elc d i n xult nhtf menthol cfi tinh d l u bgc h i efi t i c dyng sit trQng dudng hfi hip, cd thlnh phan cQa kem d i n h ring, mfit sfi thufic ho, d l u xoa, v l dung cfing nghlf p thyc pham Terpin cfi t i e dyng chtfa ho long ddm 14' 12' 10' Cfi logi caroten (a-, p-, g - ) tQy thufic v i o d u tgo cQa gfic R Khi v i o cd thtf, caroten chuytfn hfia thlnh vitamin A, dfi P-caroten cho tl If vitamin A nhitfu hon a- v l g- caroten Vi thtf caroten cfin dupe gpi I I provitamin A * Vitamin A I I chft ktft tinh, m l u vIng, khfing tan ntfdc dtf tan d l u md, efi nhitfu gan el, Ifing dfi trtfng efi tie dyng chfing bfnh khfi mit, t i n g stfc dtf khIng cOa eo thtf, tham gia v i o cle q u i trlnh sinh sin ttf b l o nitfm mgc v l chfing nhitfm trQng lOH F Bli tgp ttf kitfm tra sau da nghlen ctfu thfing tin phln hfii (Bli kitfm tra l l n 2) Clu 1: Trong hpp chit sau: CH3 CH3 CH2 = CH-CH-CH-CH = CH-CH I I CH3-CH-CH2-CH2 CH3 A cfi t i t c l 10 C lai hfia sp^ lien ktft s (tgo tQ orbital sp' v l sp'), nguyen tQ C b i t dfil B cfi tat c l C lai hfia sp^ litfn ktft s (tgo thlnh tQ orbital sp^ v l s), dfing p h l n hlnh hpc C cfi dfing p h l n hlnh hpc cfi t i t e l C tal hfia sp^ v l nguyen tQ C b i t dfii D cfi t i t c l C lai hfia sp', litfn ket s (tao thlnh tCrorbital sp' v l sp^), nguyfn tQ C b i t dfii Clu 2: Phln tfng x l y theo cO chtf cfing electrophil la phln tfng gitfa; A.aeethylenvdlHj(NI,t°) B stiren vdi HCI C ethen vdi KMnO^ lolng s6iu-THAKGa/ai5*49 ^ THUCTI£N6IAODMC_ C ethen v