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TAI c a CAU GlAO DUC DAI HOC TRUOC YEU cAu PHAT TRI^N NHANH N G U 5 N N H A N LUC CHAT LUDNG CAO* I D i t v i n d l Theo Blo clo c?nh tranh to ln c5u (GCR) thi chit luong gi lo d^c dai hpc (GDDH) ddng[.]
TAI c a CAU GlAO DUC DAI HOC TRUOC YEU cAu PHAT TRI^N NHANH N G U N N H A N LUC CHAT LUDNG CAO* TSKH PHAM DfiNHAT TifN I.Ditvindl Theo Blo clo c?nh tranh t o l n c5u (GCR) thi chit luong gilo d^c dai hpc (GDDH) ddng val trd cdt ttf ddi vdi cic n l n kinh t l niu6n t h o l t khdi md hlnh t i n g trudng theo chilu rdng d ^ vuon l l n vi tr( cao hon t r l n chudi g i l tri Tuy nliiln, GDBH Vilt Nam bj xIp hang thip t r l n b l n g x I p hang GCR (95/148 nU6c) [1] Cung theo GCR thi sudt nhiiu n i m nay, d i o tao ngudn nhln Iuc khdng hi^u q u i ludn I I mdt nhQng y l u tfi bi^c xdc n h l t p h i t t r i l n kinh t l nt/dc ta Muc dich cd b i n cOa t l i ccf c l u GDDH I I nlng cao chat lUpng v l hilu q u i cCta GDOH Neu hilu chit lupng d i o t^o I I stf d i p OTig muc t i l u , tu'c t l tao dupe ngudn nhln luc d i p OTig y l u c l u p h i t trien kinh t l - x l hiji ciia d l t nudc giai do?n mdr, giai doan chuyin doi md hlnh t i n g trudng, thi d i l u kien tien quylt I I GDOH p h l i dupc t l i co c l u tUong thich vdi y l u c l u p h i t t r i i n nhln lac (PTNL) dang dupc d l t dfii vdi n l n kinh t l nUdc ta Trong b l i v i l t nly, chOng tdi se l l n lU(?t chl hiln tr?ng v l mdi quan h§ giSa GDDH Vi^t Nam vdi p h i t triln kinh t^, su t h l l u g i n k i t glijia d c co sd GDOH vdi cic t h l l t c h l khic cd liln quan PTNL; Nguyin nhln ci^a si/thi^u g i n k i t t r l n tir nhumg y l u k i m , b i t d p djnh hudng chfnh sich PTNL nudc ta.Trln cd sd dd, dua nhiJfng khuyin nghj v l t l i cd c l u GDOH VI|t Nam Xly dung GDDH t r l n nen t i n g vCmg chic cda gilo due phd thfing cdng b l n g v l c h i t luong cao; 3/Md rdng quy md gilo due di ddi vdi p h l n t i n g cic ca sd GDDH; 4/ Nhl nudc ddng vai trd cht dao m^nh m l phit t r i l n GDBH; 5/ GDBH tU thuc cd vai trfi khic nhung h i thfing khic nhau; 6/ Gin liln GDDH wM su p h i t trien cCia dja phi/ong; 7/ Tang cUdng hop t i c v l phdt trien lien k i t mang; 8/ B I p tfng nhu c i u cda thj tn/dng lao dfing; 9/ GDDH ddng vai trd tfch cue p h i t t r i l n v l kinh t l cung nhuxa hfiL NhCmg b l i hoc tren khdng mdi dfii vdi Vilt Nam Chdng d l tCmg duoc 64 cip d i n cic t l i lieu nghiln cdli, t h l m chf mdt sfi ndi dung d l dUpc dUa v i o quan d i l m chl dao p h i t triln gilo due Vilt Nam Cd d i l u t r l n thuc t l , chdng ta chua t?o sUgIn k i t tao su g i n k i t thUC sU giQa k l hoach p h i t triln GDBH vdi k i hoach p h i t triin kinh t l SU bCing nfi d c co sd dai hpc nhOfng nam qua chl x u l t p h i t tilf mfit xu t h i chung n h l t I I dai chdng hfia GDBH m l khdng tinh den k h i nlng v l nhu c l u thuc sU cOa n l n kinh t l Vi t h i , cho d i n nay, mfii quan h i gliJa GDBH Vi^t Nam vdi phit triln kinh t l - xa hdi ndi chung, p h i t trien ngufin nhln Ig'c chit lupng cao ndi rilng I I mdt quan hi Idng lio, rit c i n duoc phln tfch t h I u d i o d l khic phuc SU thieu g i n k i t c i n b i n GDOH Viet Nam Thuc ra, moi quan he Idng l l o gida GDDH vdi p h i t triln kinh t l - xa hdi I I d n l^lnh k h i phfi biln d d c GDOH v l p h i t trl^n kinh t £ TrSn t h i gidl ngly nay, vaf trd ngly cing Idn m^inh nUdc dang phdt triln Nghien cdu tlnh trang nly d cic cOa GL; H viM t u c l c h mdt cdng cy ddn b i y p h i t nudc Bdng A - Thii Blnh Ducfng, b l o d o eda Ngin triln kinh t l da dUdc tfiCfa n h l n rdng rli Tuy nhiln, hlng T h i gidi (World Bank 2012) cho b i l t If ehfnh I l m rd mdi quan h§ nhln q u i gtfla GDDH vdi p h i t triln I I CO sd GDDH d d c nude n l y cd thdi quen xd sU nhu kinh t l I I mdt b l i t o l n phd'c t^p Cdng trlnh cOa Pitlay d c co sd t i c h bilt, t h i l u su g i n k i t vdi d c tfi chOrc cd (2010) [2] v l ba h | thfing thlnh cdng vi^c g i n liln quan Odng ra, x l t v l phUcmg dl|n cung d p kl nlng cho k i t GDBH vdi p h i t tri^n kinh t l I I mfit ddng gfip quan trpng cho djnh hUdng p h i t trl^n GDBH d cic nUdc ngufin nhln luc, GDBH d n phil nhln nhu mfit h$ thfing quan h i tuong t i c giua d c co sd GDBH vdi loai dang p h i t triln Ba h$ thfing t h l n h cfing n l y I I Phln Lan, HIn CO sd k h i c bao gfim: d c co quan tuyln dyng (noi sd Qufic, Bic Carolina (Mi) " c l ba h$ thfing, vile tU dung ki nlng), d c doanh nghilp (noi sOr dung k i t q u i 1^1 v l d c chinh sich kinh t l chO chdt bao gid cung dl nghiln cdu khoa hoc), d c viln nghiln cdu (noi phfii liln vdi mfit y dfi cd chCi dfch I I g i n k i t GDDH vdi p h i t hpp nghiln cdu khoa hoc), d c cd sd GDDH vd ddo tao khic (ncfi phfii hpp cung dng ki nlng), d c trudng triln kinh tl"{Pillay, 2010) thfing (noi d l t nen mfing v l kl nang) "CIc k i t q u i dau Nghiln cOru cCia Pillay ddc rdt b l i hpc m l d c cda GDBH I I sin phim cda nhutig tuong t i c gida d c nudc dang p h i t triln fi Chlu Phi ndi rilng, t r l n the gidi chd t h i dfi Chinh v i ^ khdng quan t l m d i n su liln k i t ndi chiMg, cd t h i tham khio v l h9C t^p, dd I I : 1/Gln gida d c CO sd GDOH vdi t h i gidi rdng Idn xung quanh k i t Ilp k l ho^ch gllo due vfil l^p k l ho^ch kinh t^; 2/ da dan d i n k i t q u i d l u y l u k i m v l hilu q u i nghIo nln"(World Bank 2012) Dua v i o d e h tiep d n ndi t r l n * Tham luin tai H^i thio khoa hpc ^ r mdi cdng tdc ddo tifo ngudncdng d c k^t q u i nghiln ciJu tUong dng, cd th^ ndi nhdn lifi W^r Nam Sdp Cing yiu cAu CNH, HDH vd hdi nhdp flu* ttGDDH Vilt Nam da bdc 16 v i n d l thilu g i n ket d n Bd GD&OT ph6i hpp vdi Ban Tuyfin giio Trung Uong vd H$i dfing b i n sau d l y PTNL Qudc gia Gido dgc v i Phit triln Nhdn lUc td chi^c tai Hi N$i, ngiy 26/12/2014 Thtf nhat, thiiu gdn kit gitfa cdc ca sd GDDH vdi Stiin-THANG3/201S*1 C Q NQH^NCim nhung nhu cdu vi Id ndng md cdc nhd tijyin dung cdn dIh TTieo ]? kiln cda dc n h l u i y l n dung thi ed sU hSrig hyt Idn ve d c nhu c l u kT nlng sau dly, xIp theo mde dfi t i n g din: M nlng ki t h u l t liln quan d i n cfing vi|e, sii ddng gid, kiln thdc li thuyet kiln thdc thUc hlnh v l cfing vile, tinh ddc Ilp, W nlng w i t v l diln dat kinh nghiim, ngo?i ngd v l giao t i l p Bdc xdc nhlt Id thii dd l l m v i l e Thtf hai, mdi liin hi Idng lio v4 khoa hgc vd cdng ngh^ gitfa cdc ca sd GDDH wW cdc doanh nghiip C6 khdng tdi 3% d c doanh nghilp tuyln bfi hop t i c vdi cic ca sfi GDDH v4 vSn d l phit triln sin phim Trong tuemg quan so sinh vdi d c nude khu vUc, mfii liln h§ gida d c co sd GDDH vdi doanh nghilp phit triln kl ning v l nghiln cdu khoa hpc dWIt Nam duoc dinh g i l thip, chi t r l n CImpuchia, ngang vdi Mdng Cfi v l thua xa Philippines, Indonesia, Thii Lan, Malaysia, Singapore Thtf ba,stf thiiu gdn kit gitfa gidng dgy vd nghiin ctfu, gitfa cdc ca sd GDDH vdi cdc W^n nghiin ctfu khoa hgc Phln Idn gilng viln dai hoc ft quan t l m d i n nghiln cdu khoa hpc M|c d i o nhdng chd truong v l quy djnh v l g i n d i o tao vdi nghiln cdu khoa hpc budc chuyin diln rit chim, h i thfing GDDH Vi^t Nam v i n mic ket stf phin cdng lich stf ttf thdi kinh t l k l ho?ch hfia t^p trung dd cd si/tleh bi|t gida d c trudng dai hpc vdi d c vi|n nghiln cdu Thtf tu, stf thieu gdn ket gitfa cdc ca sd GDOH vd/ vd vdf cdc ca sd ddo tgo khde Tlnh tr^ng phln minh nly h i thfing GDBH Vilt Nam Id nghiim trpng, d c trudng r i t ft cfing t i c vdi vi|c chia s i thfing tin v l ngufin luc, d c trudng cung ft nilm tin vdi d i o tao liln thfing Die bi^t nghiim trpng I I tlnh trang phln elt gida d c co sfi GDDH vdi d c ca sd ddo tao nghi d i n tdi si/phi vd tinh chlnh t h i cda h$ thfing, tao thlnh rlo d n vf|c nlng cao chit lupng v l hi|u q u i d i o t^o 'rhtfndm,stf^iiugdnketgltfacdccasdG[X)Hvdinhd trtfdng phStiidng,ddc bi^t cdc trtfdng trung hgc B i n nay, d c trudng phfi thfing vi|t Nam v i n nlng v l tniyln thg kiln thdc vdf chuong trlnh qui tii, ddi trdng Ilp vdi chuong trlnh GDBH, khfing cfi sU chuin bi d n thiit cho hpc sinh tfit nghilp trung hpc \ ^ t l m t h i nh|n thdc djnh hudng v l ki nlng d l theo ^ d$! hpc Theo Blo d o ndi t r l n cda Ngin hlng T h i gidi thi n i m v i n d l thilu g i n k i t t r l n cd m i t d t i t c l d c nudc thu nh|p trung blnh Bdng A Bfii vdf d c nudc thu nh^p trung blnh thip nhUVilt Nam thi mde dfi thllu g i n k i t nly rit trim trpng, dfii hdi t i p trung nhilu biln phip d l khic phge n l u mufin GDDH ddng gfip xdrig ding v l hi^u q u i vio vi$c PTNL chit lucmg cao dua dlt nudc tholt khdi nudc cd thu nhip tmng blnh thip Tlm nguyin n h l n tCfgfic d$ PTNL Phln tfch hlln tr^ng liln k i t Idng l l o ndi t r l n , Blo d o cda Ngin hlng T h i gidl cho ring cfi nguyin nhln true tilp Trudc h i t I I stf thiiu ndng Itfc cda d c co sd GDOH v l d c CO sd cd liln quan khic vl§c tao di;ng cic liln k i t cd hilu q u i v l b i n vdng Tilp nOa I I stf thiiu thdng tin d n t h i l t d l cung v l clu den vdi •KHOAHQCGlAODVC Cufil cdng I I syf/j/lu ddng/yt cho d c CO sdtrong vile x l y dung v l t h i t c h i t d c l i l n k i t Tuu trung II d khfing: khdng thi, khdng biit vd khdng cdn Tuy nhlln, d l khic phuc hi^n tr?ng khfing dd, dn trl ldi tilp d u hdi vl lai nhi/ viy? D i l u dfi d i n d i n vile ldm ro nhdng y l u kim, b i t c i p PTNL nudc ta Dfii chilu vdi cic muc t i l u Chiln lupc vd Quy hoach Phit t r i l n n h l n Iuc \fi§t Nam giai doan 2011 -2020 thi hiln trang PTNL Vilt Nam dang ylu kim t r l n hai phucmg d i l n co b i n : t h i l u hyt nhdng ndng ti/c v l kT nlng d n t h i i t 64 ngudi lao dfing thuc thi cdng vile cfi hilu q u i v l n l n g s u l f co c l u nhln luc vin mit c i n dfii nghiem trpng d v l trlnh dfi, ngdnh nghi vl vdng m i l n Thyc ra, nhdng y l u k i m n l y I I y l u kim chung cda PTNL d nhilu nudt dang p h i t triln B l llm rd vin 64 nly, Ngin h l n g The gidl (World Bank 2013) [3] da x l y diing mdt khung khfi If thuyet v l cfing cu d l ddnh g i l so sinh d c h$ thfing PTNL Khung khfi If thuylt n l y dUa ba chilu chilt nlng PTNL / Khung ehiln lupc I I d l djnh hudng cho PTNL mfii quan h i vdi d c muc tilu qudc gia v l p h i t t r i l n kinh tl-xa hfil v l ting ndng suit; 2/ Gilm sit h$ thfing, tdc I I q u i n If n h l nudc ciing ca chl, chfnh sich vile tfi chdc thyc hiln PTNL; 3/ Cung dng djch vy, tdc I I tfi chdc d c ho?t dfing cdng phuong thdc gilo dye v l d i o tao nhim d^t dupc muc t i l u PTNL Mfii chieu t r l n dUpc md t l thfing qua cic muc t i l u chfnh sleh v l t i l u chf cy t h i d l cfi t h i thu thip dd li|u phuc vy cho d i n h g i l quan h$ so sdnh vdi d c thfing 1$ t f i t Kit q u i d i n h g i l I I su xIp hang tling chilu t r l n mfit thang bic td thip din cao vdi t i n gpi nhu sau: 1/Tllm I n (latent), tdc Id vdn cdn nhilu h^n c h l ; 2/ Nly sinh (emerging), tdc II da cd mfit sfi thfing 1$ tfit; 3/ Djnh hlnh (established], tile Id d c thfing I I tfit da mang tfnh h i thfing; 4/ Tiln tiln (advanced), tdc I I h i thfing thfing l§ tfit dip iJfng tilu chuin t o l n c l u d diy, thfing I I tfit dUpc hieu Id thdng 1$ chfnh sleh t f i t tdc I I chfnh sich cfi hl|u qui thue t l PTNL Ap dung cfing cy d i n h g i l trln v l cin ci3 v i o b l o d o p h i t t r i l n n h l n luc cda Wit Nam, World Bank (2013} dUa ket q u i d i n h g i l tCmg chilu PTNL Viet Nam nhu sau (xem blng 1): can cil v i o b l n g 1, cd t h i thiy bli todn GDBH cda nudc ta, trUdc m i t d n gill quylt tfit hai linh viic chlnh sleh cdn nhilu han c h l , cdn dang d miJfc dd t f l m I n Dfi I I b l o d i m tfrih hi$u q u i v l cdng blng d p t l i chlnh v l t i n g cudng trich nhl|m giJl trlnh t r l n co sd b l n g chiing Ngoli ra, c i n d l thl§n tlnh hlnh d mfit sfi linh v\ft quan trpng khic, mdi dang d mde dfi nly sinh Cg tf* I I : chuyin h i thfing GfJDH t i i vile hUdng cung sang hudng d u , nlng cao tfnh phu hop v l si; da dang GDBH T l i c d c l u GDDH Cin Cli v i o vl|c x l c dfnh nhOng dilm ylu wwg PTNL nudc ta, vile t l i co c l u GDDH Vilt Nam c3n tap Bdnc, /: /CA qud ddnh gid timg chiiu tmng PTNL W^ Nam chieu slu Theo hUdng khic phuc nht/ng Idng l l o lien k i t n l u t r l n , c i n du t i l n d i o tao d c chaong trlnh n g h i nghilp dng dung g i n vdi y i u d u nlng cao tfnh canh tranh cda doanh nghi|p, dfing thdi Khung ehlin Iuac chu trpng Uu t i l n cho cic nghiln ciiu dng dyng Xlc l|p djnh hudng chiln luoe Ojnh hlnh Thtf hai, chuyin t ^ mfi hlnh d p p h i t kinh phi cho PTNL d c CO sd GDDH theo d c y l u tfi d l u v i o sang mfi hlnh d p p h i t theo k i t q u i dau l/u t i l n tiep d n dya theo d u Nly sinh 5.2 Tdi ca ciu ft# thing GDDH theo htfdng Ting cudng quan h$ phfii hpp Ojnh hlnh chuyin ttf cung sang ciu Qidm sdt bathing Cho d i n nay, h$ thfing GDOH Vi|t Nam p h i t triln chd y l u theo chilu rfing, t i p trung v i o cung Qui trinh Blo d i m tinh hi^u q u i v l edng blng Tilm I n niy d i p Omg mot y l u c l u chd y l u l i md rfing quy md d p tif chfnh G[>DH theo hudng chuyen tCf tlnh hoa sang dai chdng Blo d i m d e t i l u ehuin phu hpp v l Nay sinh M i t tfeh cue cda nfi I I d i p uTig nhu cSu gia t i n g v l vile tin c|y hpc len dat hpc cua niln Mat t i l u cue cda nd I I d i n den hiln tuong ddOc gpi I I leo thang vi stf minh Oa d^ng hda d e dudng d i n vdi Nay sinh (Longanecker 2008) [5] Bilu hlfin cda sii leo thang n i y kT nlng l i tdng n h l trddng tlm d e h md rfing chiie nlng, nhi|m Cungtfngdich vu vy d l leo l l n vj trf cao hon phan loai Ofi l i hlln tupng chung cda moi h i thfing GDDH t r l n t h i gidi T^o dilu ki^n cho s^da d^ng v l tinh Nay sinh q u i trinh p h i t t r i l n t y p h i t Nfi klo theo nhilu Uu td d i o t^o h§ q u i khfing mong mufin O ndde ta, cdng vdi vl^c Tdng cudng tlnh phu hpp d c Nly sinh d i t trpng t l m v i a cung, d c h | q u i n l y I I sU khdng chuong trlnh d i o tao (tdc I I moi quan b i o d i m chit luong, tlnh trang cung d p cho sinh viln h$ gida dao t^o vdi doanh nghi|p v l d l m l n h i trudng cd chd khfing phli thj trudng lao nghiln cdu khoa hpc) dfing d n , su m i t d n dfii v l trlnh dfi v i co d u nglnh nghi, sy bufing Idng nghiln cdu khoa hpc co Thdc d l y trdch nhiem gill trinh t r l n Tiem I n c l u he thfing v i n h i trddng b i t hop If, sy nhip nhing cosd blng chdng giua cic t i n goi Hi^n tupng leo thang v l sd minh v l trung v i o nhdng ITnh vuc sau d l y : t i l chfnh cfing, co l l u d i i se dSn d i n mfit h i thfing GDDH mio mdvica clu h | thfing, x l hfii hfia, q u y l n t i i chO v l trich nhiem cdu Nd cd k h i nlng p h i vd suda dang vfin I I mfit die gili trlnh cda d c co sd GDDH Dudi d l y se l l m rd trung cfit Idl v i l i mfit nhdng dfing ldc tao n i n nhdng v i n de ndy sy p h i t tri^n b i n vdng cda GDOH Vi t h i , vi$c t l i co d u T Tdl ca ciu tdl chfnh cdng GDDH theo GDDH theo hudng chuyen t d cung sang d u d n t i p trung v i o d c n h i l m vy v i gili p h i p sau: htfdng tdng ctfimg hi$a qud cda tlin diu ttf Olu tu cdng Gf^OH Viet Nam cdng roi v i o Thtf nhit, d n cd sy phln loai rd ring d c trudng t1nh tr^ng chung cda d l u t d cdng d nUdc ta, nghTa I I d^l hoc ndde ta Theo quy djnh hl^n nay, ndde ta cd ba d i n t r i l , ling phf, k i m hf^u q u i Trong tdong quan so loai trddng dai hpc l i : dai hpc, hpc v i l n v l trudng d^i sinh vdi nhilu nudc khu vtfc chl n g i n sich n h l hpc V I chfnh danh, hi^n ndde ta chl cd d^i hpc bao nudc cho G[>DH tfnh theo ph3n t r i m GDP, d nudc ta v i o gfim dai hpc qufic gia v l d?l hoc khu vuc cfin l^i II loai cao (1,18%) so vdi CImpuchia (0,05%), Llo (0,21 %), d c hpc vi^n v i trudng dat hpc Tuy nhlln, thdc t i lai Philippines (0,34%), Thii Lan (0,71%), Nhlt (0,fil%), k h i Ifin xfin Nhilu trUdng dai hpc tu xdng I I dai hpe Hin Qufic (0,63%), Singapore (l,07%) (WorId Bank t i n gpi b l n g t i l n g \fifit cung nhd tfing Anh DT 2012) Khoin chi n g i n sich Idn n l y t i p trung chd y l u nhlln, h i l n cfi mfit sfi hoc v i l n v i trudng dai hpc nudc vio vile md mfit lo?t trudng cfing Ilp n i m qua ta da hdi dii t i l u chuin d l dUpc gpi i i dai hpc Nhung Theo nghiln cdu cda Nguyin Minh Hiln v l Nguyin d^ vile phln t i n g v i xIp hang ddpc phd hpp v i cfing HoIng Lan (2013) [4] thi gfaf doan td n i m hpc bingi n h l t t h i l t phli cd bdde phln loai d l u t i l n blng 2000-2001 d i n n i m hoc 2011-2012, trung blnh mfii mfit vSn b i n p h i p quy l i l t k l rfi ring cd sd nio II d?I n i m cfi khoing 20 trUdng d?i hpc v i cao d i n g ddpc hpc ca sd n i o l i hpc vi|n, trudng dai hpc thinh Ilp, fid cti trudng ngoll cdng l$p x u l t Thtf hai, vile p h i n loai nfii bfi d c dai hpc hl§n thi cd t h l m tn/dng cfing l i p mdi Kieu d l u tU d l l l m rfi dai hpc n i o l i dai hpc nghiln ciiu Hiin hai niy k l o theo nhdng h i lyy v l si/syt g l i m chit lUpng, dai hpc qufic gia cdng vdi dai hpc Vl^t - Ode v i dai hpc b i t fin h§ thfing v i gia t i n g sy thieu g i n k i t n l u t r l n \fl|t - Phip ddpc col I I d c dai hoc nghiln ctiu Tuy VI t h i , t l i ca d u t l i chfnh cfing GDOH Vilt Nam nhlln, dfi mdf l i d c dai hpc nghiln cdu t r l n tuyln bfi cin t^p trung v i o nhdng nhl§m vy sau: Cin nhd r i n g sic l§nh hay ngh] djnh chfnh phd ty nfi Thtf nhit xlc d|nh nhOng Uu t i l n GDOH, khfing tao dai hpc nghiln cdu Nlu dfii chilu vdi 10 die diem cda dai hpc nghiln cdu hi0n dai dt/pc thdng d i p dtig y l u c l u p h i t t r i l n ngudn n h l n ldc phyc vy budc chuyin sang md hlnh t i n g trudng kinh t l theo qua mdi dly, ngly 10/10/2013, Tuyln ngdn Hop T/T CIc muc tiftu chinh sich theo tifng chilu PTNL Mihd^dat dir^ $II14-THANB 3/2015*3 CQ NGHICNCUU Phi (Tmng Qufic) thi rd ring h i l n Vilt Nam chua cfi d^i hpc n i o thyc su l i dai hoc nghfin ciiu VI viy, d n cd dfnh hudT\g cy t h i v l t l i ca d u d e dai hpc niy d^ thyc sy trd thinh dai hpc nghiln cuiu Thtfba, thye hi^n phln t i n g Khli nilm niy dUpc dua vio Lult GDOH, nhung khdng dUpe djiih nghTa Tuy nhiln, cd t h ^ hliu dfi i i sy phdn logl cdc ca sd GDDH theo stfm^nh, cho mfii co sd GDOH cd mdt sd minh xlc djnh cung y l u d u nlng cao chit lupng theo hudng d i p dng ngly mdt tfit hon sd menh cda minh Vdi dinh hudng g&n ba t i n g (nghfin edu, dng dgng v l thdc hinh), vile p h l n t i n g s i hi|n thdc hda chu trUcmg 'Uu t i l n nf>d rfing quy mfi d c chUor>g trlnh dinh hudng n g h i nghi|p-dng dyng", g i n co d u h i thfing GDDH vdi CO d u n h l n lyc b l o d i m tfnh da dang cda h i thfing GDOH d l d i p dng cfi hilu q u i hon nhu d u da d^ng v l nhln luc trlnh dfi cao cda Vi^t Nam t r l n dudng cfing nghiep hda, hien dai hda g i n vdi phit triln kinh t l tri thdc dd khu vtfc cdng vd khu vuc tuld cdc Hi tdc blnh ddng vdJ" phdt triin GDDH Theo Kai-ming Cheng (2009) [7] thi GDDH, PPP nghia l i cfing nhln khu vuc t u II bfi p h l n chiln luoc qufic gia ve p h i t tri^n GDOH ' C i n nh|n thdc ring tUong lai ci^a GDOH phu thufic v i o vile p h i t tri^n nhdng l i l n k^t tin cSy gida khu vtfc cfing v i khu viic tt/ Sir hoii nghi v l c^nh tranh giua hai khu vtfc n i y d n p h l i thay t h i blng si^ tin tudng v i hpp t i c l l n v) stf p h i t triln cda GDOH v l d l t nudc' VI th^, t i l CO cSu x l hfil hda GDDH theo quan d i l m PPP d n t i p trung v i o d c nhilm vy v i gill phip sau: Thtf nhit xly d i ^ g khung p h i p If PPP nhim t^o d i l u W$n thyc si; blnh d i n g cho khu vtfc tu v i ^ tham gia phit trien GDOH; Thtf hai, md rfing d e hoat dfing PPP tiwig GDDH; Thtfba, t^o dilu kiln eho c l thj tn/dng v i x i hfif d i n St; tham gia PPP vdi djnh htfdng rd ring vile khuyin khfch d c ho^t dfing khfing vl Ipi nhu|n 5.4 Tdt ea ciu ctf chi qudn tr} cdc ca sd GDOH theo htfdng phit huy quyin ti/ did dl ddi vid trdeh nhl^m gldl trinh d nudc ta, vdf Lu^t Gilo dye 2005, ed t h i ndi v l nguyin tic d l hlnh thlnh khung i ^ l p If d n thilt d l tiiUC hl|n quyln ty ehd eda co sd GDOH Tuy nhiln, vi$c tfi chdc thyc hifin d l bfic Ifi nhilu b i t c^p.Theo dinh g i l cda World Bank [8] thi 'mie dd cfi sy t i n g d i n v l q u ^ n t^r chd v i t h l m quyln quy^t djnh mfit sfi ITnh vtfc d c CO sd GDDH v i n ft dtfOc tril nghiim v l ^ ttf dilu hlnh hole tiieo dufil cic myc tilu rilng bi$t vl Bfi GD&OT v i d c bfi nginh v3n tilp tyc ban hinh phln Idn d e quylt djnh quin If Trong nhilu nam liln, quyln ttf chu dai hpc I i mfit thd'ttf chd "treo" v i mdi d l y Uj|t GDDH thtfc sy II cfi g i n g hJn v l m i t t h i c h l d l dem I9I quyln fycfiiJ thytstfcho d c CO sdGODH Cd dllu, chiing ta dang lOng tdng, mfit m i t vindungding vdf v j t h l n h l nudc kilm s o l t m|t khic l^i t h i y khfing t h i di ngut^c xu t h i Chung l i chuyin sang vj t h i n h i nude gilm s i t Nghj quyft sfi 29 - NQ/TW v£ Bdl mdi d n bin, toln di$n gllo dye Vl$t Nam d i quy dinh: 'Phdn dinh cdng tdc qudn II nhd ntfdc vdi qudn tfj cda casd gido dye vd ddo tgo" Oilu dd cdng cd nghTa l i tCr nay, Bfi GD&OT cdng d c coquan ehi^ quin cda d c cosd GDOH s i khdng can thl|p v l llm thay cfing vl|c n h l m/dng m i t i p trung vio vl$c htfdng din, t ^ dilu kiln v l gflm sit vile thyc hi^n quyln ttf chfi cda n h i trtfdng D l dupc nhtf viy, vi|c t i l ca d u co c h l quin tri cOa d c ca sd GDDH d n t$p trung v i o d c nhl$m vy v l gili phip sau: Thtf tu, xem x l t t l i eo d u d e chuong trlnh d i o t^o d l rut ngin thdi gfan d i o t^o mfit d e h thfch hpp, gilm ding k l stf ling phf v l thdi gian v i t i l n cda d i o t^o d^I hpc t i l n tdi b l o d i m su tucmg thfch v l trlnh dfi d i e t^o v l thdi gfan d i o tao vdi d c h$ thfing GDDH t i l n tiln khu vyc v l t r l n t h i gldl Dfing thdl tdng budc I p dyng v i t r i l n khai d c khda hpc tryc tuyln mdd^I chdng (MOOC) 5J Tdla/cduxd hpi hda GDDH theo hudng xdy dtfng vd pAdt triin quan hf tffi/ tde cdng - ttf (Public Private Partnership, PPP) XI hfii hfia vira I i mfit chO tniong, chfnh sich v£ra 11 cfing cy quin If d l huy dfing sy dfing gfip cOa xa hfil cho sy nghlip phit triln gilo dye Trong GDOH, x i hfii hfia gflo dye cfi chilu hudng d l t trpng t l m vio sy chia s i chi phf cda ngtfdi hpc thdng qua hpc phf Oilu dd d i n tdi tinh trang 'chlnh sdch xd hpi hda, mde dd cd mtfC tiiu Id ddm bdo tlnh bin vtfng cda ngudn tdi chlnh dm dldi vy xd hpi, song trin thtfc tidd ddn tfiftin/)trrfng thuong mgi hda ngdy cdng nhliu cdc djch vy xd hpi cdng, vd stff^y thudc qud nhliu cOaakti ditfc cung dp didi vtfvdongudnphftiJuttfngtfi^stfdtfng'([)UDP20U)l6] Mit k h i c m|c dd chd truong khuyen khfch phit triln cic tru^dng dai hpc tU thyc d l du^c nhic dt nhic l^i nhilu l l n vdi djnh hddng thu hdt 40% sinh vlln v i o n i m 2020, thyc t l d i di^n biln theo chilu ngupc 1^1 vdi vl$c md fi 9t d c tnie^g cfing Ilp, khiln t i l chlnh cfing bj d l u td d i n tril v l v i n l i ngufin lyc chd y^u cho GDOH\ VI th& theo khuyin nghj cda UNDP (2011): 'Bd din Itfc cdn xem Igi chfnh sdch xd hpi hda: Cdn tgo mdi trudng thudn lai han di khu vtfC phi nhd ntfdc, phi Thtf nhit, nghiln ctfu thtfc hifin mfi hlnh quin 10 nhudn cd thi tham gia cung cdp djch vu vd ngudl ddn cdn tham gia nhiiu hem vdo viic ldp kihogeh vd gidm If thfing qua co quan trung gian, vfin l i xu t h i dang dtfpc i p dyng h i l n d nhl&i ntfdc t r l n thfi gidi ChO sdtcdcdjch vyxd hpr Nfii d e h k h i c d n t i l p c i n theo quan d i l m PPP x l hfil hda GDOH 06 l i quan h | trtfong xly dyng mfit sfi don \ri kilm dinh chit Itfpng dfic l$p d ntfdc ta chfnh 11 budc dl theo hddng nly d i m b l o tfnh dfic I l p cda co quan tmng gian, cd t h i Theo World Bank {2008:69], nhln chung tr6n thi gidl M ngu6n cd mfit sfi phuong I n nhtf sau: 1/ 06 II mfit co quan thu c£ia GDDH Id nguSn thu ngodi ngdn sddv RKng ddi vdi khu vgc n h i ntffiic tn/c thufic Hfil dfing qufic gia gilo d y q 2/06 Ddng A-Thd) Blnh Duong, tl i | ndy Kn tA 95% dVi$t Nam imM chi II mfit tfi chOfc x l hfil d i n sy, chlng han Hl§p hfil d c d ^ khodng 40% 4*aMiVGaAoove trudng d?! hpc dtfpc n h i ntfdc hfi trp mfit phln ngin sich, cfi ngufin thu tCr sy dfing gdp cda d c cosd GDOH v i td d c hoat dfing djch vy cfia minh, t r l n nguyin t i c phi Ipi nhu^n Thtf hai, b l o d i m n l n g liic q u i n If cda co sd GDDH d l quyln ttf chd dtfpc thyc thf cfi hf$u q u i t r l n nguyin tic cd mfit hfii dfing trtfdng dd manh d l p h i t huy d i n chO cosd dfing thdi daf di^n cho t o i n t h i dfii ngu gilng viln, nghfin cdu \^ln, nhln v f i a sinh v i l n n h l trtfdng vi$c quylt ^ n h nhdng v i n d l h i trpng cda n h l trudng v i g i l m sit vi^ thtfc thi cda ban g l i m hilu Thtfba, thtfc h i l n co c h l gflf trlnh vdi ba t h l n h phln: gill trlnh vdi CO quan q u i n If, g i l i trlnh vdi cfing chdng, giil trinh nfii bfi Dfi chfnh I I co c h l d l mfit m|it n h i ntfdc vSn giCr dtfpc quyln k i l m solt cda minh giao quyln t y chd cho co sfi G[>DH, m|t khic b l o d i m tlnh cfing khai minh bach trudc x i hfii v i d c co quan tuyln dyng v l c&c k i t q u i hoat dfing thUc stf cda co SdGDBH 6.ltftluln Trong 28 n i m dfii mdi vda qua, phd hpp vfil mfi hlnh t i n g trudng kinh t l theo chilu rfing, GDDH Vl^t Nam cdng p h i t t r i l n chd yfiu theo dinh htfdng md rfing quy mfi, t | p trung v i o cung CIc y i u k i m v l chit Itfpng v i hllu q u i , v l co c l u p h i t triln, v l cfing blng x i hfii d i tfch ty I9I mfit q u i trlnh p h i t triln nhtf v|y v i dang d i t GDDH trtfdc nhdng thich thiic gay g i t nhim d i p dng h i l u q u i hon nhu c l u cfi vile l i m thfia d i n g cda sinh v l l n trtfdng, y l u c l u nhin It/c cfi phim chit v l kT nlng phd hpp cda doanh nghiep, ddi hdf v l nhln t l i cda d l t ntffiic hfif nh$p v i p h i t tri^n CIc y l u k i m n i y b i t ngufin til mfit cung d e h tfi chtfc v i hoat dfing mang tfnh t h i p n g l cda d c co sd GDDH, dd tdng co sd GDDH khfing b i l t khfing t h i v i cdng khfing c i n t h i t c h i t cic l i l n k i t d n thfIt vdi t h i gidl b i n ngoif, bao gfim d c n h i tuyln dyng, cic doanh nghilp, d c vlfin nghiln cd\j khoa hpc, d c cosd GD&BT cd liln quan k h i c Nguyin nhln gfic r£ cda tinh trang t r l n l i chfnh sich PTNL ntfdc ta cdn nhilu b i t c^p Ding quan t l m n h l t l i : 1/Thllu hl^u q u i d p t i l chfnh; 2/Thl^u chd trpng tdl d u ; 3/Thl4u si; da dgng p h i t tri^n h | thfing; 4/ Thifiu minh b?ch gill trlnh Bdl thtf, vlfic t i l CO d u GBBH Vlfit Nam trtfdc y l u cSu p h i t triin nhin li/c c h i t ltf(?ng cao d n t i p trung vio vi§c t i l CO c l u t r l n ITnh vtfc: / T I I chfnh cfing; 2/ Co clu h i thfing GDOH; 3/ X l hfii hfia; 4/ CO c h l q u i n trj cda cosd GDDH DT nhlln, tttfdc y l u cSu ngufin n h l n li^c cda n l n kInh t l dang dtfpc co d u lai th) b i i t o l n t l i co d u GDDH II mfit b i i t o l n Idn d i l hgn Nd ddf hdi mfit q u i trlnh t i l ca d u d n b i n v l t o l n dl|n, tCr t h i chtf GDOH, CO d u h i thfing dtfn chtfcmg trinh d i o tgo, phtfong thiic d i o tgo, cfing t i c q u i n trj, co chtf t l i chfnh, CO chtf thj tnidng, nghiln cdu khoa hpc hfii nhip qufic ttf, dfii t i c cfing-ttf v.v Tuy nhiln, trtfdc tinh hlnh bdc xdc vtf t h i l u hyt kl nlng trinh dfi cao dang cfi nguy co trd t h i n h mfit dftfm p h i t tritfn kinh ttf-xS hfif thi d n t i p trung trtfdc htft v i o nhdng ndt t h i t d n t h i o gd TAILI£UTHAMKHAO 111 Schvrab K (ed) (2014), Theaobal Competitiveness Report, Switzerland: The World Economic Fonjm [2] Pillay, P (2010), Unking higher education and economic development Implications for Africa from three successful systems, Wynberg: Center for Higher Education Transformation [3] World Bank (2013), i/Vhat matters for workforce development A framewwork and tool for analysis, Worldbank.org/education/saber [4] Nguyin Mfnh HItfn & Nguytfn Hoing Lan, Vi quy md vd chit lUtfng GDDH Vi^t Nam hi^n nay, Tap chl Khoa hpc Gllo dye sfi 97, n i m 2013, tr.l -6 [5] Longanecker, A D (2008), Mission difkrentiatlon vs mission creep: Higher education's battle fxtween aeationism and evolution Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education [6] UNDP (2011), Sdo cdo quic gia vi phdt triin ngUdindm2011, H i Nfii: UNDP [7] Kai-ming Cheng (2009), Publk-Private Partner^ips, cufin A New Dynamic: Private Higher Education, UNESCO: World Conference on Higher Education [8] World Bank (2008), Vietnam: Higher education and skills for growth, Washington DC: The World Bank [9] Worid Bank (2011), Putting higher education to v/ork Skills and research for growth in East Asia, Washington, D.C.: The World Bank SUMMARY TTifs article deals with the issue of restructuring higher education before high quality human resources development requirement In this paper, the author presents the statues of the relationship betv/een Vietnam higher education and economic development, shortage of linkage between higher education institutions and the others related Institutions In human resources enhancement: the shortage reasons of linkage from the weakness and shortcoming Insufficient in our countries orientation and policy of human resources development Based on this foundation, tills artlde gave recommendations of restructuring Wefriom higher education stfiu-iHAiua/zins*; ... sd ddo tao nghi d i n tdi si/phi vd tinh chlnh t h i cda h$ thfing, tao thlnh rlo d n vf|c nlng cao chit lupng v l hi|u q u i d i o t^o ''rhtfndm,stf^iiugdnketgltfacdccasdG[X)Hvdinhd trtfdng phStiidng,ddc... phip d l khic phge n l u mufin GDDH ddng gfip xdrig ding v l hi^u q u i vio vi$c PTNL chit lucmg cao dua dlt nudc tholt khdi nudc cd thu nhip tmng blnh thip Tlm nguyin n h l n tCfgfic d$ PTNL Phln... t f i t Kit q u i d i n h g i l I I su xIp hang tling chilu t r l n mfit thang bic td thip din cao vdi t i n gpi nhu sau: 1/Tllm I n (latent), tdc Id vdn cdn nhilu h^n c h l ; 2/ Nly sinh (emerging),