JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducaEional Sci , 2014, Vol 59, No 6A, pp 96 105 This paper is available online at htEp //stdb hnue edu vn NOI DUNG CHUONG TRINH DAO TAO GIAO VIEN THEO DINH HUONG CUA CHUONG[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducaEional Sci., 2014, Vol 59, No 6A, pp 96-105 This paper is available online at htEp://stdb.hnue.edu.vn NOI DUNG CHUONG TRINH DAO TAO GIAO VIEN THEO DINH HUONG CUA CHUONG TRINH GIAO DUG PHO THONG SAU 2015 Ha Thi Lan HtCdng Vien Nghien ciCu Suphgni, TnCdng Dai hpc Su Pham Hd Npi Tom tat Nghi quylt Trung Udng 29-NQ/TW dUa dinh hudng va xac dinh myc tieu cua giao due phd thong sau 2015; Theo giao due tich hdp va phan hoa dUdc dl cao va nhin manhttongchifdng Crinh mdi Theo dinh hudng va muc tieu thi chUdng trinh dao lao giao vien cung phai dUpc ddi mdi can ban va toan dien de dam bao sinh vien tit nghiep co the dam nhSn hoat dgng day hpc va giao due d phd chong vdi chitdng trinh giao due phd thong dUOc thiet ke theo hai giai doan, tren cd sd giao due tich hdp va giao due phan hoa Bin bao da dUa ditOc dinh hudng ddi mdi chitdng trinh dao tao giao vien tren cO sd dd xac dinh cac nguyen tac chinh va cac Iinh vUc tn thiJc nghe nghiep (tn thiic dai cUdng, tn thflc chuyen mdn va Iri thflc nghiep vu sU phara) cho sinh vien cac trUdng sU pham Tif khda: Tich hdp, phan hoa, chUdng trinh, chUdng ttinh dao tao giao vien, tri thflc nghe nghiep Mb dau Mdt nhung quan diera chi dao ddi mdi can ban, loan dien giao dye va dao tao raa Nghi quylt Trung Udng sd 29-NQ/TW da neu la "Phat trien giao due va dao Eao la nang cao dan Eri, dao tao nhan lUc, bdi dudng nhan tai Chuyen manh qua trinh giao dye tfl chu ylu trang bi kiln thflc sang phat Erien loan dien nang lUc va pham chat ngUdi hpc Hoc di ddi vdi hanh; II luan gan vdi thUc tiln; giao dye nha trUdng kit hdp vdi giao due gia dinh va giao dye xa hpi", Ddi vdi giao due Ehdng, Nghi quylt da xac dinh rauc Eieu "Doi vdl giao due phd thdng, tap ttung phat trien tn' tue, the chil, hinh phim chit, nang lUc cdng dan, phat hien va bdi dudng nang khilu, dinh hfldng nghi nghiep cho hgc sinh Nang cao chit Ifldng giao dye toan dien, chu trgng giao dye li tfldng, truyin thdng, dao dflc, ldi sdng, ngoai ngfl, tin hpc, nang lflc va kl nang thUc hanh, van dyng kiln thflc vao thuc Eien PhaE Erien kha nang sang tao, tfl hgc, khuyin khich hoc tap sudt ddi Hoan viec xay dUng chUdng trinh giao due phd thdng giai doan sau nam 2015 Bao dam cho hoc sinh cd trinh dp trung hoc cd sd (hit ldp 9) cd tri Chflc phd thdng nen tang, dap Lien he- Ha Thi Lan HUdng e-maif huonghll@hnue edu.v Ndi dung chuOng trinh ddo tao gido viin theo djnh hUdng cim chifOng trinh flng yeu cau phan ludng manh sau trung hgc cd sd; trung hgc phd thong phai tiep can nghe nghiep va chuin bi cho giai doan hpc sau phd thdng cd chit lUdng" [1,2] Vdi dinh hudng va muc tieu do, chUdng trinh dao tao giao vien cac trUdng sU phara cung phai ddi mdi mdt each can ban va toan dien de dam bao sinh vien tot nghiep cd the dam nhan boat dpng day hpc va giao due d THCS va THPT vdi chUdng trinh giao dye phd' thong dupc thiet kl theo hai giai doan, Eren cd sd giao dye tich hpp va giao dye phan hda 2.1 Noi dung nghien c^u Giao due tich hap va phan hoa chUtfag trinh giao due tliong sau 2015 - Tich hap Id mot hogt dpng md d cdn phdi kit hap, lien he, huy ddng edc kiin thifc, ki ndng ed lien quan tif nhieu linh vuc khde degidi quyit cdc nhiem vu nhdn thde vd ddi song Nhu vay, tich hdp chinh la nang lUc ciia ngUdi va dUdng nhien chUdng trinh giao due phd thong theo dinh hudng phat trien nang lflc hpc sinh Ehi tich hdp phai la mdt nguyen Eac xuyen suoE [5] Doi vdi hgc sinh, tich hdp la mdt hoat ddng ma d dd cin phai huy ddng, hen he, ket hdp ndi dung kiln thflc, ki nang tfl nhieu linh vUc nham giai quylt cac nhiem vy hpc tap va ddi sdng, qua dd hinh nhiing nang lUc cin thiet, nhflng kien thflc, kl nang mdi Trong day hoc, tich hdp la qua trinh giao vien td chflc hgc sinh thflc hien hoat dpng tich hdp dd; chfldng trinh la each lUa chgn, sap xep, tiinh bay ndi dung cac mdn hgc, thuan ldi cho viec hinh he thong cac khai niera, cac nguyen H khoa hgc, cac chii dl coC ldi chung cho tit ca hoac radt nhdm Iinh vUc khoa hpc, mdn hgc; cho viec phat trien cac nang luc chung Vdi dac diem dd, tich hdp la phUdng thflc phat trien nang Iflc ngfldi hgc; la each de nhap cac kien Ehflc lien quan vdi vao mpt mon hoc rong vfla giam bdt sd mdn hpc, vfla tang kha nang lua chgn cac raach logic tich hdp cac kien thflc khoa hoc khac de phat trie'n d hgc sinh cac kiln thflc, cac nang Iflc cdt Idi, nen tang - Phdn hda Id quy lugt nhgn thicc the gidi eita ngUdi vd quy lugt phdt trien eiia khoa hpc Tnmg phdn tdch de nghien edu ticng dgng vdt ehdt, hinh thdc van ddng eua vgt chdt vd kit qud Id hinh thdnh cdc ngdnh, cdc chuyen ngdnh khoa hpc ngdy cdng sdu, hep, da dgng vci tren cO sd nhdn thife the gidi khdch quan day clii, sdu sac htm, todn dien han Nhu vgy phdn hoa Id mdt hogt dpng md d cdn phdi phdn logi chia tdch cdc doi tupng, tif td chiCc, van dung npi dung, phUOng phdp nghien ciiu phii hpp vdi tiCng ddi tupng Day hpc chfl y tdi cac ddi tfldng rieng biet vl dac diera tam- sinh li, ca nhan hda ngfldi hpc, phu hdp vdi tflng ddi tfldng de tang hieu qua day hoc, kit qua day hoc phu thudc chfl yeu vao nang lflc tflng ngUdi day, dfldc ggi la phan hda hay phan hda vi mo Ha Thi Lan HUdng Giao dye theo cac chUdng trinh khac cho cac nhdm ngUdi hpe khac nhara dap flng nhu clu, sd thich va nang lUc cua hp, hfldng hg vao cac linh vflc nghe nghiep EUdng lai, dUdc gpi la phan hda ngoai hay phan hda vi rad Kit qua phan hda ngoai phy thudc chu ylu vao viec thilt kl chUdng trinh long the ngi dung chUdng ttinh cac mon hpc Vdi dac diem dd, giao due phan hda phat huy dUdc tdi da tiem nang rieng de dap flng nguyen vpng, scf ttUdng va phu hdp vdi dieu kien, hoan canh cua tflng ca nhan khac nhau; ddng thdi giao due phan hda d phd thdng nham cung cip cho giao due dai hpc, cao dang, cung nhfl cac ttUdng nghi ngudn tuyen sinh da cd tri thflc chuyen sau lien quan nganh nghi se dao tao, hoac chuan bi cho hgc sinh bfldc vao cudc sdng lao dgng Vay, phan hda la de dap flng yeu ciu phan cdng lao dgng xa hgi - Su thdng nhdt bien chdng giifa gido due tieh heip vd gido due phdn hem Su thdng nhit ttch hdp va phan hda phu hpp vdi quy luat nhan Ehflc cua loai ngUdi va quy luat phat trien cua khoa hpc va cdng nghe, De tim hieu sau verapElinh vUc nao dd ngUdi ta da phin chia linh vUc nhilu chuyen nganh khoa hgc khac nhau, nhflng hieu bilt khoa hgc vl linh vUc la mpt the thdng nhat, nen de nhan thflc diy du va van dyng kiln thflc khoa hpc giai quylt vin de ngfldi Ea lai phai tich hpp kiln Ehflc cac nganh khoa hgc da dfldc tach mgt each nhan tao dd, Xu thi phat trii'n khoa hgc va cdng nghe la tilp tyc phan hda sau hdn, sdng song vdi tich hpp hen mon, lien nganh cang rdng hdn Logic nhan thflc khoa hpc la TONG U P H A N U HOP [3] Day hpc nhattUdngcflng theo quy luat dd, nhien cin tranh xu hudng nhan manh qua sdm sU sai khac gifla cac khoa hpc khac nhau, phai lUa chgn ngi dung, xay dflng cac radn hgc de cd the hinli Ehanh dfldc cac khai niem va nguyen II khoa hgc, cac nang lUc chung lam nin Eang cho sU phan hda sau hdn - Chuang trinh duOc thiit ki theo giai dogn tren ea sd gido due tich hpp vd phdn hf)a Triet II cua viec Ehiet ke chUdng trinh theo hai giai doan; Giao due cd ban nam va giao dye phan hda nam la thuc hien rauc tieu giao due cap, bit budc cip THCS; Eao tiem lflc cho hgc sinh phat ttien sau THPT mot each linh boat vfla phu hdp nhu cau, sd thfch, sd trfldng ca nhan vfla dinh hfldng nghe nghiep chuan bi dao Eao dap flng nhu cau nhan lflc da dang cua xa hdi Dd la mdt chUdng trinh chuin bi cho mpt ddi sdng tt'Udng hfldng tdi dap flng nhu ciu cua so ddng hgc sinh se di vao cudc sdng lao dgng sau THCS d Ifla Eud'i 15, ddng thdi dap flng nhu cau ciia nhdm hoc sinh se hoc tilp cac trinh dp cao hdn [1,2], De thflc hien rayc Cieu giao due cd ban, chfldng trinh xay dflng theo xu the Eang cfldng tich hpp, theo dd d tieu hpc va THCS se xSy dflng cac mon hpc theo linh vflc khoa hpc rgng, bao gdm npi dung nhieu chuyen nganh khoa hoc He qua tich cflc cua xu hfldng la: + Bao dam cho hgc sinh hpc xong giai doan giao dye phd cap cd ban cd dfldc hpc van phd thong nen tang toan dien vdi cac khai niem, cac Cfl tfldng, nguyen li khoa hpc khai quat; Cac pham chit va nang lflc chung cin thilt cho mpi ngfldi + Lam cho kiln thflc hpc dfldc cd y nghia van dung cudc sdng, tflc hda nhap Ndi dung chuang trinh dao tgo gido vien theo dinh hildng ciia chifOng trinh thi gidi hoc dudng vdi thi gidi cudc sdng da dang + Chat lgc dUdc ndi dung cot loi, can cho hgc sinh van dyng giai quyet nhflng van de cd y nghia cuoc sdng, dat nen radng cho qua ttinh hgc sudt ddi, nhd dd giam bdE dfldc nhflng ndi dung hpc khong that sU cin thiet, ttanh dUdc sfl trinh bay rdi rac npi dung kien thflc, cung la mgt each giam Eai cho ngfldi hgc + Giam dUdc so dau raon ho, sd diu sach giao khoa, giam nhe Ehi, kiem tra, giam ap luc cho ngUdi hoc, tranh dUdc su trflng lap khdng cin thilt cac ndi dung gifla cac radn hgc, cac cip hpc, ldp hpc, + Chuan bi cho hgc sinh Ifla tuoi 15 khdng chi kien thflc nen tang, raa radt tam the cho cudc sdng trfldng - De thifc hien muc tieu gido due THPT ciinh hildng nghi nghiep, ehuong trinh xdy ditng theo phuang thiic phdn hda sdu tren ca sd hpc vdn phd thdng ca bdn nin ldng Tdc dpng tich cue ciia phdn hda sdu giai dogn ndy Id: + Phan hda Erong la mdt nguyen Eac phai dUdc quan triet qua trinh day hgc, giao due, Rieng phan hda ngoai theo dinh hUdng nghi nghiep, dac biet manh d THPT la mpt npi dung ddi mdi nham Ehuc hien muc Eieu giai doan giao dye sau cd ban se dap flng dfldc nhu ciu, sd ErUdng, nang lflc ciia tflng ngudi hpc, hfldng vao cac linh vUc nghe nghiep tUdng lai + Chuan bi cho giao dye dai hgc, cao dang, giao dye nghe nghiep ngudn tuyen sinh da cd kien thflc, ki nang chuyen sau, ki nang mem lien quan den nghe se dao tao hoac chua'n bi vao cudc sdng lao ddng + Chua'n bi cho viec dao tao dap flng nhu ciu nhan lUc va yeu cau phan cong lao ddng xa hgi + Dinh hfldng nghi nghiep gan vdi dac diera radi trudng kinh te - xa hdi cy the cua dia phUdng + Hgc sinh chi hpc mot sd it radn hgc va boat ddng bat budc chung, cdn lai EU chgn cac mdn hgc hoac chu dl giao due phu hdp vdi nguyen vgng, sd ErUdng ngUdi hgc Ndi dung tu chpn thUdng gan vdi dac diera kinh te - xa hpi cu the cua radi dia phUdng + ChUdng trinh hai giai doan vdi muc tteu trgng tara cho mdi giai doan vfla lam tang gia tti chuan bi nen tang cin thilt cho ngudi hoc di vao cudc sdng, phat trien tiep ttong tUdng lai; vfla tang kha nang Irah boat cho sfl lUa chgn cua radi hgc sinh Day la mdE diem mdi ndi baE, tac ddng den tat ca cac ylu td cua chUdng trinh giao duo thdng + Giao due phan hda d THPT se dap flng nhu cau neng va kha nang cua mdl hoc sinh vl nhip dp bpc tap nha trUdng PT cd dieu kien Eo chflc day hgc theo hpc chl tin chl Dd cflng la sU chua'n bi ki nang cin thilt cho hoc sinh klii hoc d bac dai hgc, cao dang, day nghe 2.2 Noi dung chUOng trinli dao tao giao vien 2.2.1 Dinh hudng doi mdi diircfng trinh dao tao giao vien - Giao due tich hdp d Tieu hpc, dac biet d THCS, giao due phan hda raanh d THPT se phai bdi dfldng giao vien de chuyen tfl quen day ddn radn d THCS sang day hpc mdn 99 Ha Thi Lan HUOng hpc ttch hdp vdi myc dich bao dam cho hpc sinh cd Eri thflc PT nen tang vdi cac khai niera cdt ldi, cac nguyen H khoa hgc cua mpt linh vUc khoa hpc rpng; tfl day cac mdn hpc cd ttnh dai cUdng ddng tara sang day cac radn hgc chuyen dl tU chgn chuyen sau dinh hUdng nghe nghiep d THPT [3,4] - Cac cd sd dao tao giao vien dd'i mdi can ban chUdng trinh dao tao de sinh vien trUdng cd the day cac raon hpc tich hdp va cac mon hpc, chuyen dl tU chgn Theo dd cac chudng ttinh dao tao giao vien theo cip hgc gora chUdng trinh dao tao giao vien Mara non, chuong ttinh dao tao giao vien Tieu hpc, chudng trinh dao Eao giao vien PT theo chUdng Erinh giad dye PT mdi phai bao dam giao vien giang day cac radn hgc d bSc hpc cd Eim nhin toan bd cac khoa hgc It nhit la mgt linh vUc de cd the lam ro cac khai niem, cac nguyen If chung cho cac nhdra nganh thudc linh viic dd, ddng thdi cd tri thflc sau vl mdt chuyen nganh Tri Ehflc tich hdp va Eri thflc chuyen nganh phan hda khong chi de dap flng day hpc THCS (giao doan cP ban) va day hoc mdn hgc chuyen de phan hda sau, ma cdn phan anh logic ciu true chinh the Tri thflc tich hdp la nen tang cho dao tao Eri Ehflc chuyen s§u 2.2.2 Cac nguyen tac diinh de xac dinh cac Iinh virc tri thiic nghe nghiep - Dam bao hinh cac gia tri, cac nang lUc nghe nghiep da dupc xac dinh trdng muc tieu va chuan dau cua chUdng trinh - Dam bao cung cap cho ngfldi hgc von tri thflc rdng de hinh cac pha'm chat mdt nha giao dye, rapt nha van hda - xa hdi, nha nghien cflu va ngudi tU hpc sudt ddi - Dara bao cSp nhat, hien dai vdi cd cau thuan tien cho giao due ttch hdp xung quanh nhflng nang Iflcnghe nghiep cdt ldi - Dinh hudng cho viec xay dUng cac rao dun/hpc phin vdi ddn vi ciu Ixflc tin chi - Dara bao de sinh vien Eot nghiep cd the dam nhan boat dgng day hgc, giao due d THCS va THPT vdi chUdng trinh giao dye PT dUdc thilt ke theo hai giai doan, tren cd sd giao dye tich hpp va giao dye phan hda Vdl cac nguyen tac do, chfldng trinh dao tao giao vien cd the bao hara cac linh viic tti thflc dai CUdng, tri thflc khoa hpc chuyen nganh (tri thflc chuyen radn); tri thflc nghiep vu su phara Ba Hnh vUc dd cung tUdng ddng vdi cac khdi tri thflc thfldng dfldc xac dinh cac chfldng ttinhdao tao trinh dd dai hoc d nudc ta hien [3] 2.2.3 Cac Iinh vtic tri thiic a) Thii nhat, tri thiic dai cUdng Tri tiiflc dai cUdng phai bao gdra nhflng ngi dung trang bi cho giao vien nen Eri thflc rgng, cd ti'nh dai cUdng vl xa hgi, nhan van, vl ngUdi, radi ErUdng tfl nhien, T^m quan ttong cua linh vflc tti thflc la d ttiet H "giao vien la radt hoc gia - nha giao due; la mdt nha van hda - xa hdi, nha nghien cflu va ngfldi tfl hoc sudt ddi" ffinh vdn tri thflc rdng, dai cfldng la rit quan trgng, nhflng tfl trfldc din chUa dflpc quan tara dung mflc dao tao d trUdng sfl pham, Tri thflc rgng dfldc hinh tren cd sd dao tao nen tang van hda- xa hgi cho gfao vien, hpc sinh vl cac gia tri cua dia phUdng, qudc gia va qudc tl ve ki nang sdng, ki nang hoat dgng nhdm va phdi hdp vdi ngfldi khac, vl gia tti flng xfl vdi moi trfldng tU nhien, IVIdi nin tang van hda - xa hdi chfnh la mdi quan he liSn quan 100 Not dung chuong trinh ddo tgo gido viin theo dinh hifdng cua chuong trinh den mot sd II thuylt hgc tap xuit phat tfl y EUdng viec hpc la moE hoat dpng thudc vl van hda - xa hdi Ngay nay, Eri thflc mdi trUdng de hinh Ehanh nang lUc hieu biet va bao ve mdi trudng va an ninh sinh thai Tri thflc radi trUdng la mgt phan cua sfl phat trien ben vflng nang lUc giao vien giao due vi sU phat trien ben vflng tfl nhien, xa hgi, moi ErUdng sinh thai la mdt Iinh vUc thupc vl nang lUc van hda - xa hgi cua giao vien Dd ddng thdi cung la ndi dung giao diac Erong nha ErUdng PT Nang lUc giao tiep cung la raot phara chit van hda cua ngudi ndi chung, va dac biet ddi vdi giao vien thi khong chl la mgt pha'ra chat ciia van hda ma cung vdi gia tti van hda cdn la mgt nang luc nghi nghiep cdt ldi Giao tiep bao gdm giao tilp gifla giao vien - hpc sinh, giao tiep mdi trfldng xa hdi, giao ttep vdi ddng nghiep Nang luc cdng nghe thdng Ein va truyen thdng bieu hien d viec sfl dung cac cdng cy va Erang thiet bi ki thuat de Ciep cEn, tim hieu va chuyen giao tri thflc, tiep can, luu gifl, truyin nhan va phd biln Ehdng tin, b) Thu" hai, tri thiic chuyen mon Tri thflc chuyen radn tao nen tang cho nang lflc chuySn mdn, De xac dinh ndi dung dao tao nang lflc can tra Idi cac cau hdi; "Nha trUdng can day cho hoc sinh cai gi?" hay "giao vien day cai gi?" Tri thflc chuyen radn de cap den ndi dung day va hgc cua giao vien va hgc sinh, Nang lUc chuyen mdn la yeu td chinh cua nang lUc giao vien, gdra kiln thflc khoa hoc chuyen nganh (nhfl toan, van hgc, vat Ii, hda hgc, lich sfl,,,,), Kiln thflc, ki nang vl nghien cflu khoa hgc (kha nang van dyng phfldng phap, ki thuat nghien cflu nhflng van de thudc Iinh vUc khoa hoc chuyen nganh) Dfch hudng tdi cua nha trUdng su pham la bao dam cho sinh vien tri Ehflc ve mdE Iinh vflc khoa hgc gdm mdt nhdm khoa hpc chuyen nganh de hp cd kiln thflc chuyen radn cd tinh su phara, Tfnh sU pham d day phai dfldc dinh hfldng theo nguyen Eac xac dinh linh vuc tri thflc da dfldc neu d tren day cin nhin manh rang gia cdng su phara tri Ehflc khoa hpc tri thflc khoa hpc cd tinh sfl pham hay kiln thflc radn hgc nha trfldng dfla tren nguyen tac "khoa hgc chuySn nganh sau can cho nha chuyen mdn, cdn cai cin thiet cho sd ddng, phd thdng la hieu biet cd tinh nguyen II dai cfldng, toan cue ve khoa hgc", Giao due phd thong, dac biet giao due giai doan cd ban nam diu hUdng tdi cac nguyen If Dai cUdng, Eoan eye dd vi hgc van phd Ehdng, nen Eang cua hpc sinh hpc xong THCS la cac ban chit nhit, chung nhat cua mgi khoa hpc dUpc the hien bang cac khai niera cot loi, cac nguyen If khoa hpc, cac phfldng phap qua trinh nhan thflc chung, cac nang lflc xuyen mdn, xuyen linh vflc Nhfl vay, giao vien day mdn hpc, ngudi thilt ke chfldng Erinh, bien soan sach giao khoa mon hpc phai quan triet tich hpp de trinh bay cac khai niem, cac sU kien hfldng tdi cac tfl tfldng va nguyen H khoa hpc Theo dd phai nhin raanh logic tiinh bay, each tilp can nguyen If, khai niem khoa hgc chfl khong phai trinh bay cac kien Ehflc rdi rac Giao vien khong chi cung cap kiln thflc, ma quan ttong hdn la qua dd chuan bi cho ddi song ttfldng cua hpc sinh, rapt mflc dp nhit dinh sau hoc hit THCS va tilp tyc phat trie'n dinh hfldng nghi nghiep d giai doan d THPT Nhflng dinh hudng neu Eren phai dUdc quan triet Erong viec xac dinh not dung khoa hpc chfldng trinh dao tao giao vien Cac tri thflc khoa hgc phai bao dam de giao vien nlian Ehflc dfldc rang: + Cac khoa hgc chuyen nganh can cho nha chuyen mdn, cdn cai cin thilt cho sd Ha Thi Lan Hitdng ddng la hieu bilt cd tihh dai cUdng, toan eye ve khoa hgc Giao due phd thdng cd myc tieu hudng tdi cai toan eye, cho sd ddng dd Diy la ban chit cua hgc van phd thong Khoa hoc la radt the Ehdng nhat, nhung khdng phai la mgt td'ng gian ddn cac nganh chuyen mdn raa la sU thong nhit vdn cd sU tdn tai cua the gidi khach quan, cho nen cai yeu td ban chat nhit, chung nhit cho ragi khoa hpc phai la trung tam Eri thflc khoa hpc cho mgi ngfldi "Science for all" ham y nghia Dd cflng la mpt cd sd If giai cho radi quan he gifla tiep can ndi dung va tiep can nang Iflc + cin hieu rang day hgc rapt mdn hgc la ta dang td chflc hgc sinh nghien cflu mdt ylu td cung phai biet gan vdi cac yeu td khac, dd la cac mdn hpc khac Gan ket la Efch hdp bing cd chl thuc Men rapt boat ddng flng dung tri thflc giai quyet vin de Tiep can nang lflc la chiln lUdc phat trien nhan each thed trilt li dd + Quan sat, phan loai, lUdng hda, du doan, dat gia thuylt, giai thich, xSy dung md hinh li luan, thilt lap quan he nhan - qua, , la chung cho qua trinh>tira hieu, nghien cflu mpi linh vUc khoa hoc Dd chinh la cac nang lUc chung cho rapi ngUdi nghien cflu, hpc tap cac chuyen nganh, cac mdn hoc khac nhau, Dilu lUu y cho giao vien rang day hpc radi mdn hpc phai vfla to chflc hgc sinh vSn dung cac qua trinh nhan thflc chung de Eilp thu kien thflc mdn hgc, vfla phat ttien them nang lflc chung dd + Cd raot be thdng khai niem hay tfl tfldng, chu dl cd tinh cdt loi chung cho mgi hoac mpt nhdm linh vUc khoa hgc, mdn hgc, Viec thiet ke chUdng trinh chUdng trinh va td chflc day hgc phai tinh din sap xip, Ifla chpn he Ehdng cac khai niem, cac nguyen If chung Dieu luu y giao vien phaE trien chfldng Erinh nha ttUdng cin thilt ke ma Iran cac chu de cot ldi, cac khai niem, nguyen 11 chung the hien mdi quan he logic gifla cac chu de do, gifla cac chu de vdi cac nang lUc chung va nang luc chuyen biet; td chflc hgc sinh lap ban dd khai niem, ban dd tU duy, ren luyen ki nang he thdng hda giao vien cin tim phUPng phap, bien phap day hpc td chflc hoc sinh van dung cac nguyen II va khai niem cot ldi de he thdng hda npi dung sach giao khoa, giai quylt van de, giup hpc sinh nara dUdc cac khai niem cdt loi Ehay vi chi cung cip rapt sd lUdng Idn kiln thflc sfl kien, vun vat ddn Ie c) Thii ba, tri thiic nghiep vu sii pham Tri thflc nghiep vu sfl phara tad nen tang cho nang lflc hoat ddng day hoc va giao dye cua giao vien, bao gdm cac ngi dung chfnh sau: - Tri thiic ve ngudi hpe Tri thflc ve ngudi hpc ciu Ehanh nang lflc hieu hpc sinh vdi cac kiln thflc va ki nang sau; Phan tich cac dac diem cd ban ve tri tue, hieu bieE xa hdi, xflc cam, phat trien tam-sinh if, the chat cua hoc sinh Xac dinh cac dac diera cd ban cua cac nhdm hgc sinh da dang ve tam li, vdn hieu bilt, tfnh each, van hda truyin thdng, hoan canh, mdi trfldng sdng, , de cd the tao cac cd hdi day hpc, giao due thich hdp, cac phfldng phap day hpc va giao dye phu hdp, " Tri thife ve boi cdnh gido due, dgy hpc Tri thflc giup hinh nang lflc phan tich bdi canh, tim hieu mdi trUdng sU pham cua qua Erinh giao dye, day hpc vdi cac kiln thflc va kl nang chinh nhU: phan tich dfldc nhflng van de cd ban ve vai Erd cua mdi trUdng giao due, tac dpng cua tflng ylu td mdi trUdng den hoaE dpng giao due, day hgc; neu dfldc cac phfldng phap thu thap, xfl Ii 102 Npi dung chuong trinh ddo lao gida vien theo dinh hildng ciia chuong trinh thdng tin vl mdi trudng, siir dung kit qua tim hieu mdi trUdng vao qua trinh giao due, day hgc - Tri thiic vi td chifc qud trinh dgy hpe, gido due Day la linh vUc tri thflc lara nin tang cho viec dao tao nang lUc day hoc, giao dye day hpc va giao due la cac nang lUc cot idi cua ngUdi giao vien, la nang lUc dUdc hinh Ehanh bdi cac tri thflc va ki nang nhU: Giao due qua day hgc bg mon, to chflc va phat trie'n tap the ldp, td chflc cac hoat ddng giao due ngoai gid len ldp; Giai quylt cac tinh hudng giao due; giao due hpc sinh cd hanh vi khdng mong ddi; Danh gia klE qua giao dye; Tfl van, thara vin hpc dudng; Phoi hpp cac lUc lupng va ngoai nha ttitdng de td chflc giao dye hoc sinh, nang lUc day hgc dUdc bieu hien vdn tri thflc mon hgc; Phat trien chUdng trinh mdn hgc; Van dung phUdng phap, phUdng tien va hinh thflc td chflc day hgc bd mdn; Day hpc tich hdp, day hpc ph§n hda; Quan If ldp hgc; Lap va thflc hien ke hoach day hgc; Danh gia ket qua hpc tap cua hpc sinh, - Tri thicc veplidt trien chuang frinh day hoc gido due Kien thflc va ki nang phat ttien chfldng ttinh dupc dao tao de hinh nang lflc phaE trie'n chfldng trinh giao due, day hpc Xay dflng va phat trien chUdng trinh la nang lUc cot ldi cua ngUdi giao vien hien dai, vi nhd giao vien phat Erien chuyen raon, nghiep VU cua nghe giao nang lUc phat trien chUdng ttinh giflp giao vien xay dUng, trien khai chUdng trinh d ca cip dd vi md va vi md Nang lUc xay dflng chfldng ttinh giflp cho giao viln chu ddng tham gia mdt each tich cue vao qua trinh xay dUng chUdng trinh Dilu het sflc quan ttgng de thieE lap quan he ddi Eac giua giao vien va nhdm chuyen gia phat trien chUdng trinh, Day la hai cbu the, ben thi cdng va ben thiet ke nlu phdi hdp trach nhiem vdi tren cd sd cac boat ddng nghien cflu giao due se cd vai Erd rit quan ttgng phat Erien chfldng trinh giao dye, day hgc giao vien tham gia nghien cflu vdi hinh thflc cdng tac dac lflc vdi nhdm chuyen gia se vfla tang hieu qua giao due, day hgc cua giao vien, vfla gdp phan cai thien chat Ifldng cua he thdng giao due Nang luc phat trie'n chfldng trinh can dfldc hinh giao vien Cren cd sd trang bl cho hp ca li luan ve phat Erien chUdng Erinh, ca phfldng phap xay dflng chfldng trinh Thflc trang dao tao giao vien d cac ttfldng sfl phara d cac nfldc va dac biet d Viet Nam ca mdt giai doan dai khong quan t§m dung raflc den dao tao nang lUc phat trien chUdng trinh cho giao vien Cac nghien cflu va ngoai nudc dlu nhit quan nang lUc la can EMIE va coi dd la rapt yeu Ed ddi radi cd tt'nh can ban De cd nang lUc chUdng Erinhdao tao giao vien cin cd ngi dung ii EhuyeE chfldng trinh, ki nang phat trien chfldng trinh, thiet kl chfldng trinh, cac ylu td ciu true chUdng trinh, cac md hinh, phUdng phap phat trien chUdng trinh, quy trinh phat trie'n chUdng trinh, to chflc cflu de phat trien chfldng trinh nang Iflc phat trien chUdng ttinh la rapt phara chat nghe nghiep hudng Edi Eao giao vien day hgc hieu qua Khdng cd nang luc khd cd nhflng dich vu giao due hieu qua Efldng thich vdi nhflng bdi canh xa hpi khac nhau, ludn luon biln dgng phat trien, Theo dd, nang Iflc phat ttien chUdng ttinh cua giao vien bao gdm nang lflc phat trien chUdng trinh va nang lUc thUc hien chUdng trinh thUc tiln giao dye, day hpc Cac nang lUc hien chUa dUdc dao tao dat yeu cau cac cd sd dao tao giao vien - Tri thicc ddnh gid kel qud ciia gido due, dgy hpc Nang lflc danh gia giao due dfldc hinh tren cd sd dao tao cac kiln thflc Ha Thi Lan Hifdng va ki nang ve ludng va danh gia giao due ve chit lUdng giao due, dpng lflc ciia giao due, day hgc, vl quy trinh, phUdng phap, hinh thflc, muc tteu danh gia, cdng cy danh gia; vl thilt ke cupc danh gia; soan cdng cy danh gia; thu thap va xfl II thdng tin va sfl dyng kit qua tiiu dUpc tfl kiera tra, danh gia,,,, Dao tao ndi dung kiln thflc, ki nang danh gia ket qua giao due cd gia tti nbU ia radt ylu td ddi radi dao tao giao vien chi quan ttiet tU tudng kiem Era - danh gia la phfldng Chflc thu nhan thong tin phan hdi de ngfldi day va ngfldi hgc tilp can din myc tieu da xac dinh Nhfl vay kiera tra - danh gia phai tich hdp d dd ngi dung, muc tieu, phUdng phap, dgng lUc cfla qua trinh day hoc, Theo dd danh gia qua trinh (danh gia phat trien), danh gia tdng klc (danh gia klc qua diu ra) phai dUdc kIc hdp chaE che, Tdm lai day sinh vien tU danh gia, each tU hgc, biet nghien cflu khoa hgc la nhflng linh vUc ciu nang lUc phat trien nghe nghiep sudt ddi cua giao vien - Tri thdc tu vdn, tham vdn hoc dudng Tham vin boc dUdng da ttd radt nang lflc nghe nghiep cua ngfldi giao vien nha ttudng hien dai Tfnh dan chu cua nen giao dye, ti'nh da dang cua nhu cau xa hdi keo theo sU da dang nhu ciu ngUdi hgc, chuyen tfl day hgc truyen thy tti thflc rapt chilu sang Eo chflc hoc smh tU hoc, day hpc phan hda yeu ciu tac dpng sU pham phu hdp vdi tflng ca nhan hpc sinh, Ehi chflc nang tu van, tham van cua ngUdi giao vien cang quan trpng va cin thilt De giao vien cd nang lflc dd, can dao tao sinh vien de ho trinh bay dfldc rayc tieu, nguyen tac, phUdng phap tham van, tU van cho hgc sinh flng vdi tflng linh vflc, xay dUng dflpc quan he ttn cay vdi hoc sinh, bill lara cho hgc sinh biet tfl quyet dmh va giai quyet vin de mdt each ttch cflc, tU giac, tU tin, O day ren luyen cho sinh vien nang lUc xuc cam cd vai trd quan ttong dac bieE nang lUc xuc cara bao gdra gia tri, dao dflc, nilra Em, thai dp, su dong cara, cua giao vien va hgc sinh, Nhflng pha'm chit dd lien quan din EU vin tam h, chUPng Crinh hudng din d nha trfldng Nang lflc cara xflc guip nang cao hieu qua hoc lap, giup giao vien giara sat qua trinh hoc cua hpc sinh radt each hieu qua Hoc tap ddi hdi phai cd sU hd trd cam xflc de cd the tao cam giac ttch cflc cho qua trinh day - hgc Day hgc, giao dye hgc sinh ca biet chi cdng giao vien cd nang lUc xflc cam Muon cd nang lflc do, viec dao tao giao vien phai quan tam tfl khau tuyen sinh diu vao, den ndi dung, phfldng phap dao tao theo phUdng thflc trai nghiera, dac biet noi dung tam II hpc va giao due Ket luan Tich hdp va phan hda la ban chat, quy luat cua boat ddng nhan thflc thi gidi cua loai ngUdi Giao dye nha ttfldng phd thdng dinh hfldng phat trien pham chit va nang lflc hoc smh thi dfldng nhien phai thflc hien phfldng thflc tich hdp va phan hda De cd the dap flng yeu ciu cua giao dye phd ttidng, chua'n nghe nghiep giao vien phd Chdng da xac dinh nang lflc day hpc ti'ch hdp va phan hda Theo chua'n diu ra, chudng trinh dao tao giao vien cflng phai xac dinh nang lflc day hpc tich hdp va phan hda ma sinh vien cin daC, Dl cd dupc cac nang lUc nay, cac trfldng sU pham phai ddi mdi tit ca cac ylu to cua chUdng trinh dao tao; Erong dd viec Iua chgn, xay dflng ngi dung tti thflc nghe nghiep cd vai ttd quyet dinh Ndt dung chilOng trinh ddo tgo gido viin theo dinh hildng cda childng Irinh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1 ] Ban chip hanh Trung Udng, Nghi quylt sd 29-NQArW, Vi ddi mdi cdn hdn, todn dien gido diic vd ddo tgo, ddp iing yeu cdu cong nghiep hda, hien dpi hda diiu kien kinh te thi trudng dinh hifdng xd hdi elm nghia vd hpi nhdp ciiidc ti [2] Bo Giao due va Dao tao, 2011 Hpi thdo vixdydiCng: Didn dd'i mdi chuang trinh vd sdeh gido khoa phdthong sau 2015 (DiC thdo) [3] 'Dinh Quang Bao, 2014, Gidi phdp ddi mdi chuong trinh ddo tgo gido vien trinh dai hpc theo hoe chi tin chi Dl Eai nghien cflu khoa hoc giao due cip Bd, ma sd B2011-17-chfldng Erinh03 [4] Tran Ba Hoanh, 2006, Ddi mdi phuang phdp day hoe chuang trinh vd sdch gido khoa NXB DHSP 2006 [5] Roegiers,X, 1996, Khoa supham tich hdp bay ldm the ndo clephdt trie'n cdc ndng hcc d nhd truimg Nha Xuil ban Giao dye NgUdi dich: Dao Trong Thi, Nguyin Nggc Nhi Teacher training program content tor the general education program after 2015 Plenum 29-NQ/TW proposed an orienEaEion and set a post-2015 general education target that highlights and emphasizes integrated and differentiated education Toward these orientations and targets, the teacher training program must be innovated basically and comprehensively so that graduaEe sEudents can teach at schools using a two-stage general education program that's based on integrated and differentiated education In this paper we propose an innovative orientation of che teacher training program that will provide general information, specialized information and information for teaching professionals to student teachers ... thong dupc thiet kl theo hai giai doan, Eren cd sd giao dye tich hpp va giao dye phan hda 2.1 Noi dung nghien c^u Giao due tich hap va phan hoa chUtfag trinh giao due tliong sau 2015 - Tich hap Id... nghia van dung cudc sdng, tflc hda nhap Ndi dung chuang trinh dao tgo gido vien theo dinh hildng ciia chifOng trinh thi gidi hoc dudng vdi thi gidi cudc sdng da dang + Chat lgc dUdc ndi dung cot... chgn ngi dung, xay dflng cac radn hgc de cd the hinli Ehanh dfldc cac khai niem va nguyen II khoa hgc, cac nang lUc chung lam nin Eang cho sU phan hda sau hdn - Chuang trinh duOc thiit ki theo giai