Khoa hoc Giao due Giao due nddc n SIT D U N G C A C K H U N G P H A N L O A I T R O N G D I N H H I N H C A U T R U C • • • L A O D O N G V A D A O T A O C U A H O A K Y • • De he thing hoa va mo ta d[.]
Khoa hoc Giao due Giao due nddc n SIT D U N G C A C K H U N G P H A N L O A I T R O N G D I N H H I N H C A U T R U C • • • LAO DONG V A D A O TAO CUA HOA KY • • • TS LE 00NG PHl/ONG Trung tam nghien ciru Dai hoc va GD chuyen nghiep D e he thing hoa va mo ta dugc he thong lao dupe hieu chinh vao nam 1985,1990,2000 va lan mdi nhit la nam 2009 (ngay 14 thang Bay 2009) dpng cOng nhir he thdng giao duc-dao tao CIP dupe su dung thu thap so lieu cua: tat ca cac nude, dd co Viet Nam, deu xay - he thong s i lieu sau trung hpc tich hop dpng cac bang phan loai Hien tai cac co quan (IPEDS); va to chuc cua Hoa Ky dang su dung rat nhieu - co quan quyin dan su; he thong phan loai khac de ma hda chuyen mon va ITnh vue lam viec cua cac luc lupng lao - vu giao due nghi va ngudi Idn (thudc bp giao dpng Cach lam cua Hoa Ky la mpt each lam hay, due); co nhieu diem dang de Viet nam hpc tap, nhat la Cac co quan khac nhu: chung ta dang tham gia vao qua trinh toan Quy khoa hpc qudc gia; cau hda ca ve dao tao cung nhu thj trudng lao ddng - Bp thuong mai/Cuc thong ke; Phan loai chuong trinh dao tao cua Bp - Bp lao dpng/Van phdng thong ke lao dpng giao due lien bang Hoa ky cung su dung he phan loai thong ke, BpGiaoduclien bang Hoa Kycd khung phan loai tap hpp s i lieu cac chuong trinh giang day' viet tat la CIP Khung Ben canh dd nhiiu to chirc, doan the, co quan phan loai chuong trinh Trung tam thing khoa hpc va cac djch vu lao dpng va tu v i n khac ke giao due quoc gia xay dung nam 1980 va da cung sir dung he phan loai Bang Ma phan loai chuong trinh dao tao CIP2000 Ma 01 03 04 05 09 11 13 14 16 19 22 23 24 25 26 27 Loai chuang trinh N6ng nghiep va cac khoa hpc lien quan - agriculture and related sciences Tai nguyen thien nhien va bao ton - natural resources and conservation Kien true va cac djch vu lien quan - architecture and related services Khoa hpc ve khong gian, dan tpc, van hoa va giai - area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies Cac chuong trinh truyen theng, bap chi va co lien quan - communication, journalism, related programs Khoa hpc may tinh va thong tin - computer and information sciences Giao due - education KT nghe - engineering Ngon ngi>, van hpc va ngon ngu hpc nuac ngoai - foreign languages, literature, and linguistics Khoa hpc ve gia dinh va nguoi tieu dung/khoa hpc nguoi - family and consumer sciences/human sciences Cac khoa hpc ve luat - legal professions and studies Ng6n ngu va van hpc Anh - english language and literature/letters Nghe thuat va khoa hpc tu dc khoa hpc chung va nhan van - liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities Khoa hpc thu vien - library science Sinh hpc va y sinh - biological and biomedical sciences Toan va thing ke - mathematics and statistics Classification of Instructional Programs 60 ~~ KHGD so 61, thang 10-2010 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System -Khoa hpc Giao due Giao due nude ngoai 30 31 38 40 42 43 44 45 50 51 52 54 Khoa hQC lien nganh - multi/interdisciplinary studies Cong vien, thi dgc, nghi ngoi - parks, recreation, leisure & fitness studies Triet hpc va ton giao hpc - philosophy and religious studies Khoa hpc v$t li - physical sciences Tam li hpc - psychology Dich vg bao vp - security and protective services Quan li nha niroc va dich vg xa hpi - public administration and social service professions Khao hpc xa\ hpi - spcial sciences Ngh$ thu$t thi giac va trinh diin - visual and performing arts Nghi y va khpa hpc lam sang - health professions and clinical sciences Kinh doanh, quan li, tiip thi - business, management, marketing Ljch su - histcry Muc dich cua CIP: - Tao he thong phan loai de theo dau, danh gia va bao cao mpt each chinh xac cac ITnh vue giao due va hoat dpng hoan chuong trinh; - Chuan cua cac cdng cu bao cao thdng ke cua cac co quan chinh phu, cac nha trudng phan anh hien thuc cua nha trudng Khung CIP dupe thiet ke de phan anh dupe: - cac chuong trinh khoa hpc va nghe cu the; - cac chuong trinh npi tru nganh y, nha va thu y; - cac chuong trinh cdng nghe va cdng nghiep (khdng thupc phan giao due sau trung hpc); - cac chuong trinh quan su du bj; - cac chuong trinh hoan thien ca nhan va hpc thdi gian nghi (ke ca giao due ngudi Idn); - cac chuong trinh trung hpc Trong CIP, moi chuong trinh giao due dupe gan mpt ma so chu so kem theo ten va md ta chuong trinh Ma so chuong trinh dupe xay dung tren co sd cau true cap: - chu so dau tien md ta chung nhat nhdm chuong trinh; - chu so tiep theo md ta nhdm trung gian cua cac chuong trinh cd lien quan; - chu so cuoi dai dien cho chuong trinh cu the Han che chinh cua bang ma CIP: - Trong mdt the gidi cdng nghe thay doi nhung npi dung mdi khd cd the kjp dupe phan anh cac ma phan loai CIP; - Cac nghe mdi xuat hien ddi hdi cac chuong trinh trinh mdi, nhat la cac cdng viec mang tinh lien nganh, tong hpp KHGD so 61, thang 10-2010 Phan loai nghe cua Cue Thong ke lao dpng Lien bang Hoa Ky Mdi nam Cue thong ke lao dpng lien bang (BLS) phoi hpp vdi cac Cue luc lupng lao dpng bang (SWA) tien hanh hai lan khao sat Thong ke viec lam theo nghe (OES) qua dudng thu tin de dua cac udc lupng ve viec lam va luong cua cac nghe cu the Chuong trinh OES tap hpp so lieu ve luong va so ngudi ITnh luong cac co sd khdng phai trang trai de dua so udc ve lao ddng va luong cua khoang 800 nghe Khao sat khdng thong ke nhung ngudi tu tao cdng an viec lam So lieu cua chuong trinh OES dupe tap hpp theo nganh va lanh tho dja li Ct cap lien bang, cac sd lieu bao gom 450 phan loai nganh bao gom cac ma nganh 3, va chu sd cua He thdng phan loai nganh Bac My North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Mdi vdng khao sat thang (tien hanh vao thang va thang 11) se cd khoang 200.000 co sd dupe khao sat Vdi tdng sd co sd san xuat va kinh doanh udc khoang 1,2 trieu thi khoang nam chu ki khao sat se dupe khep kin Chu ki nam dam bao giam tai cho cac co sd Cac quy trinh, thu tuc, tai lieu dieu tra va hd trp kT thuat BLS phu trach SWA tap hpp sd lieu Cac sd lieu lao dpng dupe tinh sd trung binh cho thang va thang 11 Cac nghe dupe khao sat la 801 thupc vd 22 sd 23 nhdm Idn (major group), nhom khdng khao sat la sd nghe thudc nhdm lien quan tdi quan su Bureau of Labor Statiscs State Workforce Agencies Occupational Employment Statistics occupations self-employed persons industries 61 Khoa hoc Giao due •Giao due nude n< Pham vi khao sat: - Cong nhan lam viec toan phan va ban phin thdi gian cac nganh phi trang trai So lieu dugc tap hop tu bang luang vao 12 thang hay thang 11 Khao sat khdng bao gom nhung ngudi tu tao viec lam, chu va co ddng cac hang chua cdng chung hay cdng nhan gia dinh khong dugc tra luong; - Cac ITnh vue kinh te (theo bang ma NAICS) dugc khao sat bao gdm: • 11 Khai thac gd (1133), cac hoat dgng ho trg san xuit ngu cic (1151), cac hoat dgng hd trg san xuit gia sue (1152) 21 Khai md 22 Dien nude, ve sinh 23 Xay dung 31-33 Chi tao 42 Ban budn 44-45 Ban le 48-49 Van tai va kho van 51 Thdng tin 52 Tai chinh va bao hiem 53 Bit dgng san, cho thue va cho thue d i sd huu 54 Cac djch vu chuyen nghiep, khoa hgc va kT thuat 55 56 Quan li cac cdng ty va doanh nghiep Cac dich vu quan li, ho trg va hoan tra chit thai 61 Cac dich vu giao due 62 Cham sdc sue khoa va ho trg xa hgi 71 Nghe thuat, giai tri va nghi dudng 72 Cac djch vu luu tru va an uong 81 Cac dich vu khac (khdng tinh chinh quyen lien bang, bang va dia phuong) 99 Chinh quyen lien bang, bang va dia phuong (theo each gan cua OES) Be tiln hanh tap hgp sd lieu, Cue thong ke lao dgng su dung Bang phan loai nghe chuan (SOC) Bang phan loai nghe chuan hien dugc cac co quan chinh quyen dung de lam khung phan loai, tap hgp, phan tich va bao cao so lieu ve cdng nhan hay cdng viec theo cac nhdm nghe va viec lam SOC cung ap dung he thong ma hda chu so, cip phan loai gom: - 23 nhdm nghi Idn; - 96 nhdm nghe nhd; - 449 nghi rgng; - 820 nghi chi tiit Mdi nghi rgng cd bao gom cac yeu c i u chi tiet ddi hdi cac nhiem vu nghi, kT nang, hgc van hay kinh nghiem Bang 2: Ma phan loai nghe chuan cua BLS (SOC) Ma nghe Ten nghe 11-0000Cac nghe quan li - Management occupations 13-0000 Cac nghe kinh doanh va hoat dong tai chinh - Business and financial operations occupations 15-0000Cac nghe may tinh la toan hpc - Computer and mathematical science occupations 17-0000 Cac nghe kien true va xay dung - Architecture and engineering occupations 19-0000Cac nghe khoa hpc sy s6ng, vgt li va khoa hpc xa hpi - Life, physical, and social science occupations 21-0000 Cac nghe djch vg cpng dong va xa hpi - Cpmmunity and sccial services occupations 23-0000Cac nghe tu phap - Legal occupations 25-0000Cac nghe giao dgc, dao tao va thu vipn - Education, training, and library occupations Cac nghe nghe thutaaj, thiet ke, giai tri, the thao va truyen thong - Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 27-0000occupations 29-0000Cac nghe thu'c hanh cham s6c SLPC khie va kT thuat - Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 31-0000 Cac nghe h6 trp cham soc sue khoe - Healthcare support occupations 33-0000Cac nghe djch vg bao ve - Protective service occupations 35-0000Cac nghe lien quan toi chuin bj va cung ung thuc phim - Food preparation and serving related occupations 37-0000Cac nghe ve sinh va bao tri nha cua va mat bang - Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 39-0000Cac nghe cham soc va phgc vg ca nhan - Personal care and service occupations Standard Occupational Classification ^2 KHGD so 61, thang 10-2010 -Khoa hoc Giao due Giao due nude ngoai 41-0000 Cac nghe ban hang va cac nghe co lien quan - Sales and related occupations 43-0000 Cac nghe h6 tro van phong va quan li - Office and administrative support occupations 45-0000 Cac nghe tring trot, danh bat va lam nghiep - Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 47-0000 Cac nghe xay dyng va khai thac - Construction and extraction occupations 49-0000 Cac nghe lap dat, bao tri va sua chua - Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 51-0000 Cac nghe sin xuat - Production occupations 53-0000 Cac nghe van tai va van chuyen vat lieu - Transportation and material moving occupations Myf He thong phan loai nganh cong nghiep Bac - Lap nhom co so nganh dua tren cac hoat dpng chu yeu; - Cac co sd dung cac dau vao nguyen lieu tuong tu- nhau, thiet bi Idn tuong tu va lao ddng tuong tu dupe phan loai vao cung nganh; He thong phan loai nganh cong nghiep Bac My (NAICS) la mpt he thong phan loai chuan cac nganh cdng nghiep dung o Canada va Hoa Ky He thong cd cac dac diem sau: 10 NAICS cd he thdng ma hda chu so de chia tat ca cac hoat dpng kinh te 12 nhdm nganh kinh te: -Dupe cac co quan chinh quyen va khu vue tu nhan su dung lam khung de tap hpp, tong hpp, phan tich va bao cao du lieu ve kinh te Hoa Ky, bao gom viec lam, nang suat va phan bo cong nghiep va co sd kinh doanh; o Nam nhdm chu yeu san xuat hang hda o Mudi lam nhdm hoan toan san xuat dich vu Bang Ma phan loai phan loai nganh cdng nghiep Bac My (NAICS) Ma nhom Nganh kinh te 11 Nong, Lam, Ngir va san ban - Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 21 Khai m6, da-cat va dau - Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 22 Oipn nude - Utilities 23 Xay dyng - Construction 42 Ban budn - Wholesale Trade 51 Th6ng tin - Information 52 Tai chinh va bao hiem - Finance and Insurance 53 Bat ding san va cho thue - Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 54 Cac djch vy chuyen nghi#p, khoa hpc va ky thuat - Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 55 Quan li cong ty va doanh nghipp - Management of Companies and Enterprises 56 61 Cac d|ch vy quan li va hi trp va quan li chat thai va tai tao - Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services Cac djch vy giao due - Educational Services 62 Cham s6c y te va hi trp xa hpi - Health Care and Social Assistance 71 Ngh# thu#t, giai tri va thi due -Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 72 Cac djch vy cu tru va an uing - Accommodation and Food Services 81 Cac djch vy khac (trif hanh chinh cdng) - Other Services (except Public Administration) 92 Hanh chinh cong - Public Administration 10 North American Industry Classification System KHGD so 61, thang 10 - 2010 63 " Khoa hpc Giao due Doi chieu cheo Trong boi canh co nhiiu he phan loai co tinh chat gan nhu viec thiit lap he thing d i i chieu cheo (crosswalk) la dieu can thiet Muc dich cua doi chieu cheo la giup thiit lap quan he (mapping) cac thong tin tu mot he ma hoa sang he khac Cac co quan thong ke, giao due va nghe nghiep Hoa Ky thudng tien hanh doi chieu cheo vdi cac pham tru sau: - Vdi cac chuong trinh cd sin, tim cac ITnh vue nghe nghiep (occupational) ma hoc sinh dugc chuan bj (CIP - SOC) o CIP 10 Cong nghe truyen thdng/KT thuat vien va djch vu hd trq —r ! 1—— r Giao dye nude n< nghe nghiep (Occupational Outlook Handbook) Trong cuon sach ngudi dpc se dugc cung cap thdng tin v i cac khia canh khac cua tung nhdm nghe: - yeu c i u ve dao tao va giao due phai cd; - thu nhap; - then vgng cua nghe; - nhung viec lam cua nghe; - dieu kien lam viec Ben canh dd, xuit ban pham cdn cung cip cac ggi y tim viec, cac nguon thdng tin tham khao them v i thj truong viec lam d tung bang Nhirng bai hoc cho Viet Nam - Oe cd the tien tdi budc djnh hudng luc lugng lao dgng boi canh thj trudng lao dgng thay • SOC 27-0000 Nghe MT thuat, Thiet ke, Giai doi cin cd cac cdng cu thich hgp, giup tinh toan tri, The thao va Da phuong tien dugc cac biln dgng cua luc lugng lao dgng cung • SOC 43-0000 Nghe h i trq van phdng va nhu triin vgng cua thj trudng lao dgng Cac he hanh chinh thong phan loai chinh la cac cdng cu hd trg de md • SOC 27-4012 KT thuat vien phat sdng ta chinh xac va day du hai phan - vdi cac chuong trinh cd sin tim xem nganh - Co c i u lao dgng cd t h i dugc md ta theo nhieu cdng nghiep nao hay tuyen hpc sinh tot nghiep each (nganh dao tao - nghe lam viec - nganh/noi (CIP - SOC - NAICS) lam viec) nhung can cd dugc cac cdng cu de gin o Tra cheo SOC sang NAICS cac each md ta khac giup he thong hda • NAICS 515120 Phat sdng hinh cac thdng tin ve thj trudng va luc lugng lao dgng tot hon • NAICS 515110 Phat song tieng • SOC 51 -0000 Nghe san xuat • NAICS 000601 Cdng nhan tu tao viec lam la chinh • NAICS 611300 Cac trudng cao dang, dai hpc va chuyen nghiep, cdng va tu • - Viet Nam hien da cd dii he phan loai nhung viec noi cac he phan loai vdi lai chua cd dam nhiem, dua din cac each thuc md ta rit khac ve lao dgng va viec lam SOC 27-4012 KT thuat vien phat song vdi cac chuong trinh cd sin nen khuyln SUMMARY cao hpc sinh hudng nghe nghiep nao (Career The USA is very experienced in standardization of classification schemes For the time being American Pathways/Clusters) authorities are using various classification schemes o CIP 10 Cdng nghe truyen thdng/KT thuat for the specialization and professions of the manpowvien va djch vu hd trp er This approach is a good one, worth of attention by Vietnamese agencies, especially when Vietnam is • Hudng nghi vien thdng involved in the globalization of education and labour • Hudng nghe cdng nghe in market This article briefs readers about the three • Hudng nghe nghe thuat thj giac mian classification being used in the US, namely • Hudng nghe bao chi va phat sdng the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), Oe giup cho hpc sinh, giao vien va phu huynh the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and hieu dugc tinh hinh phat then cua thi truong lao North American Industry Classification System (NAdpng BLS cdn phat hanh cuon So tay then vong ICS) as well as their applications ... thang 10-2010 Phan loai nghe cua Cue Thong ke lao dpng Lien bang Hoa Ky Mdi nam Cue thong ke lao dpng lien bang (BLS) phoi hpp vdi cac Cue luc lupng lao dpng bang (SWA) tien hanh hai lan khao sat... cac ITnh vue giao due va hoat dpng hoan chuong trinh; - Chuan cua cac cdng cu bao cao thdng ke cua cac co quan chinh phu, cac nha trudng phan anh hien thuc cua nha trudng Khung CIP dupe thiet ke... thang (tien hanh vao thang va thang 11) se cd khoang 200.000 co sd dupe khao sat Vdi tdng sd co sd san xuat va kinh doanh udc khoang 1,2 trieu thi khoang nam chu ki khao sat se dupe khep kin Chu