TJM HIEU KIEN THL/C TAC DUNG CUA CAC LI/C HlTONG TAM VA LY TAM TGfl DONG CHAY VA Sir THANH TAO CAC DIA HINH VEN DONG CHAY DAO PHL'''' QUYEN Trutfng DHSP Ha Noi Trong Ban tin Giao due tir xa va Tai chirc[.]
TJM HIEU KIEN THL/C TAC DUNG CUA CAC LI/C HlTONG TAM VA LY TAM TGfl DONG CHAY VA Sir THANH TAO CAC DIA HINH VEN DONG CHAY DAO PHL' QUYEN Trutfng DHSP Ha Noi Trong Ban tin Giao due tir xa va Tai chirc sd 22 (thang 11/2009) ehiing tbi da gidi thieu vdi ban dgc cae Ige hugng tam, ly tam va quan tinh ly tam, Bai bao se trinh bay ve tae dung ciia luc hudng tam va lue ly tam tdi ddng ehay va su tao eac dia hinh ven ddng chay, Neu sdng ehay thing se khdng eb lue hudng tam va lue ly tam tae dijng len ddng chay va bd Tuy nhien, thien nhien khbng cd mdt ddng sdng nao ehay thang mdt each tuyet dbi dii ring eac phin dat dai va ciu tao noi song chay qua eb the la nhu Su udn khiie eiia dbng ehay da lam phat sinh eac luc hudng tam va ly tam qua trinh tuong tae giQa ddng va bd NhQng tuong tae ay da anh hudng tdi su hinh cae dia hinh ven ddng chay That vay, gia su cd mdt ddng sdng lue diu chay thing Do bi mpt chin dgng nao dd bd A ciia sdng cd noi bi vd, bd bi Idm vao mgt it Cac phin tu nugc chay gin ehd Idm se bi di ehuyen theo mgt dugng cong vgi van tde gbe ^{t) nao db, Bb Idm da dat len mdi mdt phin tu nude gin nd mdt luc F„ hudng vao tam khiic cong (xem hinh 1), Theo dinh luat thu eiia Niuton mdi mdt phin tQ nude eung tac dung len bb mbt phan luc - F„, Luc - F„ dat len bb va cb ciing phuang, ciing dp Idn nhung nguoc ehieu vdi luc hudng tam F^ nen - F^ chinh la lue ly tam F,, rrTTTTTTrTTnTfTTrTTrr" Hinhl Tap hgp t i t ea cae lue ly tam cae phin tQ nQge eua ddng ehay tae dung len bb A la mbt IQC kha Ibn LQC tae dung lien tue vao chd Ibm ciia bb, bao mbn bb, lam cho chd Ibm eua bd cang sau rdng va cd vach dQng dQng 35 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C Tai mat eat ddng ehay di qua diem B, Qng vdi khue cong eua bd A dbng sdng eang rdng, IQU tdc nQde ehay qua dd eang yeu di Neu bb khbng bi Ibm vao hoac hai Idi thi IQU , mv^ tdc qua B, nho hon IQU tdc qua eae diem phia trQdc, dgng nang dong ehay - — giam, nang iQgng ehuyen tai phii sa giam, tai dg xay su trim dgng cae vat lieu rin Mdt bai bdi d i n d i n dugc tao nen tai phia B, eiia bb B Mom loi eiia bai ehia ve phia dbng chay Qua trinh bao khoet bb A va bdi tu d bb B lam eho khue ud'n cang phat then Neu lue d i u bd B Idi ve phia dbng ehay nude se dat len mdi mgt phin tu cua bb mdt luc hudng tam F^va luc tiep tuyen f^, Chd bd Idi eOng dat len mdi mdt phin tQ nude eac phan lue -F^ va -F, (xem hinh 2), Neu mdi lien ket ciia eae phin tQ d bd B yeu thi tae dung eiia eae IQC tiep tuyen va IQC hQdng tam cae phan tQ d ven bb din din bi tach rbi bd va bi ddng ehay mang di Bd B bi bao mdn va khiie udn se giam Neu mdi lien ket cua cae phan tQ d bb B kha ben vQng, cae phan IQC -F^ va -F, se lam eho eae phin tu nubc chuyen dbng cong xoan lai va day cae phin tQ nQbc db ehuyen ddng ve phia bd A Tai nai nQae dap vao, bd A bj xdi Id va d i n d i n tai dd phat then mdt khiic udn ,^j:.r, l-f-> f.Mrf;, Hinh LQC hQdng tam lam cho eae phin tQ nQdc sau chay theo bd cong A se dap ve phia bd B va lam cho noi db ciia bd B bi xam thue, lom vao Sau ehay tdi bd B va chiu tac dung cua bd B nQdc lai di ehuyen ve phia bd A NhQ vay, neu liie d i u ddng sdng bi Idm d mgt ehd thi sau db cae khiic ud'n cQ tang mai len lam eho ddng sdng ehay theo mdt dQdng ud'n lugn Tai khue udn, bg Idm bi xam thQc eb vach dgng dQng cbn bd dQOc bdi tu eb ddc thoai thoai ve phia dgng chay Trong dja ly sbng ngoi, can cQ vao dg udn khiie de danh gia SQ gia tre ciia sdng NhQng sdng eang gia eang ed nhieu khiie udn, nhQng sdng cang tre cang it khue udn 36 TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C vgi nhQng khue udn cd dd cong Idn, vao mua lu nhieu, nQdc dang eao, ehay xiet, ddng chay dd khoi mdt Idng sdng mdi chay bang qua chd that eiia vbng eung va long md ed the duoe tn sau nuac riit, Chd cQa vao khiic udn nQdc ehay qua ig dg, tai dd bun eat eang Q dong nhieu len rdi ve sau lap kin eua lai Khiie ud'n eu bi cb lap vbi dbng chay trd mdt hb mong ngua (xem hinh 3), / Hinh Sd mo ta sU phat trien ciia khue uon ho mong ngUa Viing luu dg dde eiia sdng nhd, dat dai cau tao d hai bd tuong dd'i dbng nhit va mdi lien ke't cua eac phin tu d ven bb cung yeu, Cae khue ub'n thudng phat smh va phat tnen manh d vung Cung thuang xay truang hop ea bd A va bd B ciia sbng bi Idm vao Do tac dung ciia luc ly tam ea hai bb cQ bi khoet din va be ngang eua sbng cQ bi rbng mai (xem hmh 4) Khi di tQ mat cit thQ nhit S, tdi mat eat thQ hai Sj van tdc eiia nQdc giam dan (V2< v,), Tae dung tai phu sa eiia nude d mat cit thQ hai Sj nhd hon so vdi d mat cat S,, Do dd tai mat eit S^ eae vat lieu ddng ehay mang tdi dd bi ling dong va tat nhien sQ ling dong db chf xay d phia giQa sbng vi d ven hai ba nQae vin ehay manh va bb dang bi xam thQc, Nhung vat lieu trim tich giQa Sj cQ nhieu din, rbi phat tnen mbt doi eat va tai db dbng sbng bi phan dbi •?^^^U^=i#^^^ 37 TJM HIEU K I E N THL/C Biet dQoe quy luat tae dung eiia dbng ehay va bd ta cd the han che dQgc tac dung pha hoai ciia dgng chay bang each dap de that vQng chic, dieu hba mQc nQbc ehay hoac dung md han (xem hinh 5) bat dbng ehay phat then khue ud'n sang phia bd dd'i dien ed thiet hai ve kinh te xa hgi it hon, Oa sd cac phd ciia Viet Nam deu d gan cae sdng, Khi bd phd bi xbi Id eb the dung md han lai dbng ehay sang bd dd'i dien thi cd the tiet kiem dQoe hang tram tdi hang ngan tf ddng LiLrr Hinh Trong sQ phat then eiia nganh du lich eung ein tim hieu quy luat eiia ddng ehay, Chang han, tai viing bien phia bic gin ehan niii cd den Ode CQde d bai bien Sam Son, bb bien bi Idm vao Do tae dung eiia IQC hQdng tam tdi cac phin tQ nQdc ma d day hay ed nhieu xoay nQde dQgc tao thanh, Cac xoay nQge i y dd cudn hiit, nhan chim ngQgi, gay tai nan chet dudi, Gia nhQ nhQng ngQdi quan ly bai tim cim tam bien tai khu vQc db va tang cQbng SQ eanh gidi thi se han che dQgc nhieu tai nan dang tiee, GiQa Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c cd noi liy ddng sdng lam bien gidi Gin 30 nam trQdc, dai ta Le Nhu Hoan, Cue phd Cue Dan quan tu ve d Bd Tdng Tham muu ed eho tdi xem mdt bai bao eiia Trung Qudc, Bai bao ea nggi mot can bd dia phuang cua hg d gin bien gidi vdi Viet Nam da Qng dung khoa hge de xay ke lam phia bb nQbc hg khdng bi xdi Id, day SQ xdi Id sang bd ddi dien, Tren day ehf la mdt each phan tieh de giai thich hien tQong dga vao IQC hQdng tam va iQc ly tam Sau ta edn nhieu each phan tich dga vao eae IQC khae (nhQ IQC quan tinh Coriolio, iQc quan tinh ly tam, lue nhdt, gradien ap suit ) de giai thich su tao eae dia hinh ven ddng chay su tuong tae giQa ddng ehay va bd 38 GIAI D A P T H A C M A C Cau hoi: Trong giao trinh Giao due hoc tieu ddng ciia tap the ndi ehung va ciia cae hoc cd chwgng Hquyen t k giao due tieu vien tap the ndi neng hoc dnguyen tdc giao duo Giao due Duluan tap the lanh manh duac hieu tap the va bing tap the, cd cum tif du luan theo hQdng - tich cQc (con duoe goi la tap the lanh manh Xin dwgc hdi, nghfa ciia duong tinh) va tieu cue (con duoc goi la am cum tir dwgc hieu nhw the nao? tinh), Bieu hien theo huang tich cue - db la khen ngoi, tan thanh, neu guong, thudng dbi PGS TS Nguyin HWu Hgp - TrUdng DHSP vdi nhQng hanh vi, cbng viec hoat dbng tdt, Ha No! tra Idi: mang lai nhQng dieu tdt dep cho tap the, phii chuang 2: Nguyen tae giao due hap loi ieh tap the Vi du, tap the mbt Idp hoc tieu hoe cd nguyen tic Giao due tap the sinh tieu hoc nao db khen nggi mgt ban va bang tap the Nguyen tic cd yeu ciu igp biet giiip dd mdt sd ban Idp gap khb su pham, dd ed yeu eiu: Xay dung lap khan hpc tap hoe sinh mdt tap the vung manh Mdt Bieu hien theo hudng tieu cue - db la nhQng ndi dung ciia yeu cau la: che, nhie nhd, phe binh,., nhQng hanh vi, Khuyen khich hoc sinh the hien su doan ket, hoat dgng, viec lam xau, co hai cho tap the, vi than giUa eae vien tap the, giiip pham nbi quy tap the Vi du, tap the Idp hoc da eiing tien bd, chia vui se buon eung sinh tieu hoc phe binh nhung ban di hoc nhau; tao du tuan tap the lanh manh Vay, du mudn, lam viec rieng gid hoc, luan tap the lanh manh duac hieu nhQ the nao? NgQpc lai, neu tap the cb nhQng hanh vi, viec lam lien quan hoat ddng Cum tQ gdm eac tQ: duluan tap tap the ma khbng dQOc tap the danh gia thi the Ma lanh manh Xin dQgc lam rd chiing nhQ khdng the ed dQ luan tap the lanh manh sau Hoac, SQ danh gia db eiia tap the khbng Duluan a day dQgc hieu la y kien, SQ khach quan, khbng dga vao ndi quy, loi ich danh gia Tap thed day dQOc hieu la tap hap tap the thi eung'khdng the cd dQ luan tap the mdt nhdm ngQdi cd ehung hoat ddng vdi mue lanh manh (vi nhQ, khen ngoi mdt ban nao db dich dQgc xa hdi thQa nhan Vi vay, du luan eho ban chep bai thi hoc ky, nhd dd, ket tap thed day duge hieu la y kie'n, su danh gia qua thi cao hon nhan thQc ciia ban iy ), Hon cua ca tap the hay ciia da sd vien nQa, thai db thb o eung la ke thu giet hai dQ tap the ve nhQng hanh vi, cdng viec, hoat luan tap the lanh manh 39 GIAI DAP THAC MAC NhQ vay, du luan tap the lanh manh dQgc hieu la su danh gia ciia ea tap the hay da sd vien tap the ve edng viee, hoat dbng cua minh dua tren ndi quy eiia tap the de ra, phii hop vdi loi ieh eua tap the Hd Chi Minh tQ nam hpc 2008, bao gom tam chQong: Chu'dng md dau: Doi tu'dng, nhiem vu va phUdng phap cua mon hoc Mdn hpe nghien cQu sQ ddi ciia Tuy nhien, khdng phai bat ky tap the Oang Cdng san Viet Nam va dQdng Id'i nao eung ed du luan tap the lanh manh Oang de qua trinh lanh dao each Thudng, ehf nhQng tap the cd su phat tnen mang Viet Nam tQ nam 1930 den Odi nhat dinh, ed bd may tu quan manh, duge td tQOng ciia mdn hpc la SQ ddi ciia Oang va chQc eae budi sinh hoat lop thuang xuyen, de he thd'ng quan diem, ehii trQong, ehinh sach cao Igi ich chung, duoc giao vien ddng vien cua Oang tien trinh each mang Viet Nam kheo leo mdi cd du luan tap the lanh manh - tQ each mang dan tdc, dan chii nhan dan Hay, nbi each khac, de tap the hpc sinh cb du luan tap the lanh manh, giao vien cin td chQc tap the db theo nhQng yeu ciu nhit dinh (xem yeu ciu sQ pham nguyen tae Giao due tap theva bang tap (he dbi hdi) de'n each mang xa hgi chii nghTa Mon hpc eg mdi quan he mat thie't vdi eac mbn ly luan Mac - Lenin, db nam vQng dQgc cae mdn se trang bi cho sinh vien co sd khoa hgc va phQOng phap luan de nhan thQc dQgng Idi, chii truang, chinh sach ciia Oang mgt each sau sic va toan dien han Vi duang Idi each mang eiia Dang Cau hoi: De nghi thay, cd cho biet Npi Cbng san Viet Nam khbng chf phan anh su dung cdban ctia mdn hpc Du'dng loi each van dung sang tao chii nghTa Mac - Lenin, tu mang eua Oang Cong san Viet Nam ? tudng Hd Chi Minh, ma cbn bd sung phat trien TS NguySn Van Phuc - Tru'dng DHSP Ha va lam phong phu them chii nghTa Mac - Noi tra ldi: Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh trubc su van Mbn Dudng loi each mang eiia Dang dbng, bie'n ddi khdng ngQng eiia dat nQdc va Cong san Viet Nam mdi dQOc dQa vao chQong qudc te, vay viec hoc tap mdn hge eb y trinh giang day d cac trQdng dai hpc cao dang khd'i khdng ehuyen nganh Mac Lenin, tQ tQOng 40 nghia rit quan trgng ddi vgi viec bdi dubng cho sinh vien niem tin vao SQ lanh dao ciia GIAI DAP THAC MAC Oang, dinh hQgng phan dau theo mue tieu, ly mang, nham muc tieu giai phdng dan tdc va tudng va dudng Idi ciia Oang, nang eao y thue ehii truong phat ddng tdng khdi nghia gianh trach nhiem ciia sinh vien trudc nhiem vu ehinh quyen cung nhu ke't qua, y nghia each trpng dai ciia dat nudc mang Thang Tam ChUdng 1: Su ddi cua Oang ChUdng 3: Dudng Idi khang chien Cong san Viet Nam va eUdng ITnh ehinh trj ehong thi/c dan Phap va de quoc My xam dau tien cua Dang lUdc (1945-1975) Chuang gdm cac nbi dung chinh Phin mdt de cap dudng Idi xay dung, sau day: Hoan canh lich sQ dbi ciia Dang bao ve chinh quyen va khang chien chdng cpng san Viet Nam, hoan canh qudc te va thuc dan Phap xam iQpc (1945 -1954) voi cac hoan canh nudc, didn bien, ndi dung, y nbi dung: Chu trQong xay dgng va bao ve nghTa eua hdi nghi lap Oang va cuong chinh quyen each mang (1945 - 1946); Dudng ITnh chinh tri dau tien eiia Dang Idi khang chien ehong thue dan Phap xam ChUdng 2: Dudng loi dau tranh gianh ehinh quyen (1930 -1945) Chuang gom cae ngi dung: Chii truang dau tranh tQ nam 1930 den nam 1939 IQOC va xay dung che dp dan chii nhan dan (1946 - 1954) va Ket qua, y nghia, lich su, nguyen nhan thing lai va bai hoc kmh nghiem db thude vao tinh hinh the gidi, Phan hai eiia chuang bao gom: Dudng nude, Oang ta cd nhQng chu trQOng phii hop Idi khang chien chdng My, thdng nhat dat qua cae thai ky 1930 - 1935, 1936 - 1939, nude (1954 - 1975) vdi cac ngi dung: Hoan 1939 - 1945 Cac Nghi quyet ciia Dang canh lich sQ, qua trinh hinh thanh, ndi dung va thdi ky danh dau bubc trQong ve y nghia dQdng Ibi qua eac giai doan 1954 - chinh tri, tQ tQong, the hien ban iinh va tinh 1964, 1965-1975 ChUdng 4: DUdng loi cong nghiep thin dde lap, tQ chii sang tao, md mbt eao trao mdi eiia dat nQde hda Trong chQong edn de cap de'n chii Phin diu de cap de'n nhQng chii truong diu tranh giai doan 1939 - 1945 trQOng, tQu, han che, y nghia va nguyen vdi viec chuyen hudng su ehf dao ehien luoc nhan ciia cdng nghiep hda trudc thdi ky ddi ciia Dang, dua nhiem vu giai phbng dan tdc mdi Tiep db la chii truong cdng nghiep hba len hang dau, quyet dinh lap mat tran hien dai hda thdi ky ddi mdi bao gdm Viet Minh de doan ket tap hap lue luong each qua trinh ddi mdi tQ ve cbng nghiep hba 41 GIAI DAP THAC MAC mue tieu quan diem ve cbng nghiep hba, Nbi 1986) va dudng Idi xay dung he thdng ehfnh tri dung va dinh hQdng cdng nghiep hba, hien dai thdi ky ddi mdi vdi nhQng ndi dung, qua trinh hda gin vdi phat tnen kinh te tri thQc va ket hinh dQdng Idi ddi mdi he thdng chfnh qua, y nghia, nguyen nhan tri, mue tieu quan diem va chu trQOng xay ChUdng 5: DUdng loi xay dtfng nen kinh te thj trUdng dinh hu'dng xa hoi ehu nghTa dgng he thdng chinh tri thdi ky ddi mdi va ket qua, y nghia, han che, nguyen nhan Chu'dng 7: Oudng loi xay di/ng, Oiu chuang nbi ve qua trinh ddi mbi nhan thQc ve kinh te thi trQang, db chu phat trien nen van hoa va giai quyet cac van de xa hoi gom cac noi dung trpng co che quan ly kinh te Viet Nam trQbc Qua trinh nhan thQc va ndi dung thdi ky ddi mdi va SQ hinh tQ ciia dQdng ldi xay dgng, phat tnen nen van hba Dang ve kinh te thi trudng thdi ky ddi mdi trQdc ddi mdi va qua trinh nhan thQc, chii Ngoai ra, chuang cdn de cap de'n viee tie'p tuc trQong, quan diem, ke't qua, y nghia giai quye't hoan thien the che kinh te thi trudng dinh eae van de xa hpi thdi ky ddi mdi hudng xa hdi chii nghia d Viet Nam vdi mue ChUdng 8: Oudng loi doi ngoai tieu, quan diem co ban, Mbt sd chii truong ChQong bao gdm: DQdng Id'i ddi tie'p tuc hoan thien the che kinh te thi truang, ngoai thdi ky trQdc ddi mdi (1975 - 1985) va dinh hubng xa hgi chii nghia va ke't qua, y npi dung dQdng Idi ddi ngoai hdi nhap kinh te nghia, han che, nguyen nhan qude te thdi ky ddi mai ChUdng 6: Du'dng loi xay dung he thong ehinh tri Chuang gdm: Oudng Idi xay dung he thd'ng chinh tri trude thdi ky ddi mdi (1975 - 42 De hpe tap td't mdn nay, ngQdi hgc can nam vQng ndi dung co ban dQdng Id'i ciia Oang de tQ dd ly giai eac vin de thgc tidn va van dung quan diem cua Dang vao cube sd'ng ... tam va iQc ly tam Sau ta edn nhieu each phan tich dga vao eae IQC khae (nhQ IQC quan tinh Coriolio, iQc quan tinh ly tam, lue nhdt, gradien ap suit ) de giai thich su tao eae dia hinh ven ddng... cua eac phin tu d ven bb cung yeu, Cae khue ub''n thudng phat smh va phat tnen manh d vung Cung thuang xay truang hop ea bd A va bd B ciia sbng bi Idm vao Do tac dung ciia luc ly tam ea hai bb... ciia eae phin tQ d bd B yeu thi tae dung eiia eae IQC tiep tuyen va IQC hQdng tam cae phan tQ d ven bb din din bi tach rbi bd va bi ddng ehay mang di Bd B bi bao mdn va khiie udn se giam Neu mdi