T H I T C H I € N H O C S U O T D O I 6 V I € T N A M n n o C R N v n G i n i P H H P * 1 Md dau Khai niem hpc sudt ddi (HSD) da di/pc dda vao chinh sach giao due Viet Nam td nam 1993 Vao nam dd, mpt[.]
THITC H I € N H O C S U O T D O I n n o C R N v n Gini • Md dau Khai niem hpc sudt ddi (HSD) da di/pc dda vao chinh sach giao due Viet Nam td nam 1993 Vao nam dd, mpt cac quan diem chi dao cua NQTW4 (khoa VII) ve tiep tuc ddi mdi sd nghiep giao due va dao tao la: "Thdc hien mpt nen giao due thddng xuyen cho mpi ngddi, xac dinh hpc tap sudt ddi la quyen Ipi va trach nhiem cua mdi cdng dan" Nam nam sau, chCi trddng HSD dddc the che hda Luat Giao due vdi quy dinh: "Giao due khdng chinh quy la phdOng thdc giao due giup mpi ngddi vda lam vda hpc, hpc lien tuc, sudt ddi nham hoan thien nhan each, md rpng hieu biet, nang cao trinh dp hpc van, chuyen mdn, nghiep vu de cai thien chat Iddng cupc song, tim viec lam va thich nghi vdi ddi song xa hpi" Ve td chdc thdc hien, Chien Idpc phat then giao due 2001-2010 xac dinh muc tieu phat then la "xay ddng xa hdi hpc tap, tao dieu kien cho mpi ngddi, d mpi Ida tudi, mpi trinh dp ddpc hpc thddng xuyen, hpc sudt ddi" Muc tieu chung, muc tieu phat then cua cac cap hpc, trinh dp va loai hinh giao due cung he thdng giai phap dddc vach de den nam 2010 Viet Nam "bddc dau xay ddng mpt xa hpi hpc tap" Xa hpi hpc tap ddpc dda tren nen tang phat then ddng thdi, gan ket, lien thong ca hai bp phan cau la giao due chinh quy va giao due thddng xuyen cua he thdng giao due qudc dan Vdi viec tap trung chu yeu vao nhdng van de ve giao due thddng xuyen, Quyet dinh 112 cua Thu tddng Chinh phd ve viec phe duyet De an "Xay ddng xa hpi hpc tap giai doan 20052010" da dda cac tieu chi cu the, cac nhiem vu chu yeu va cac giai phap thdc hien Cac van ban tren cung cac van ban phap quy cd lien quan khac da tao khung phap ly cho VI€T N A M : P H H P * TSKH PHAM D6 NHAT TIEN sd phat trien vdng chac cua HSD d Viet Nam Cac tdu dat dddc la dang ke, bao gdm viec hinh he thdng giao due qudc dan thdng nhat td giao due mam non den dao tao sau dai hpc, viec md rpng mang Iddi giao due khap cac vung mien cua dat nddc, sd da dang hda cac loai hinh trddng va phdOng thdc cung dng, quy mo giao due ddpc md rpng, ket ndi gida cac trinh dp dao tao ddpc cai thien, cong bang xa hpi giao due cd nhieu tien bp, xa hpi cang ddng gdp tich cdc cho sd phat then giao due Neu chu y rang gida quy mo phat then giao due va tiem Idc kinh te qudc gia cd mdi tdong quan chat che thi diem dac trdng cua nddc ta la ve kinh te, Viet Nam mdi vda thoat khdi vi the cua nddc thu nhap thap, nhdng ve giao due Viet Nam da dat trinh dp dac trdng cua nddc thu nhap trung binh thap each day khoang 10 nam Dieu dd nghTa la HSD d Viet Nam da di trddc mpt bddc so vdi trinh dp phat trien kinh te Tuy nhien, phat then giao due Viet Nam chu yeu la sd phat trien theo chieu rpng Dieu dd tac dpng khong tot den chat Idpng va hieu qua giao due Thdc te, day hien la nhdng van de bde xuc cua giao due Viet Nam Bao cao canh tranh toan cau, nhieu nam lien, canh bao rang nhdng van de gay can nhat ddi vdi phat trien kinh te nddc ta thi chat Idpng yeu kem dao tao nguon nhan Idc luon la van de dang bao dpng d vi tri thd Cung rat dang quan tarn neu dat giao due Viet Nam so sanh qudc te Theo Bao cao Giam sat toan cau ve giao due cho mpi ngddi nam 2008 thi giai doan 1999-2005, chi sd phat trien giao due EDI cua nddc ta giam td 0,902 xudng 0,899, vj tri xep hang tut td 64/127 (nam 1999) xudng 79/129 (nam 2005) Chi so ki vong ddi song hpc dddng, sau tang td 7,5 *° ? ?' ! ^ ' E M ve "Tang cddng cd hoi va dd bo rao can doi vdi viec hoc suot ddi", 29-30/10/2009, Nha Trang, Viet Nam B k c , h a m lu n H n g h KHGD sd 53, thdng - 2010 u ct§ AS Khoa hoc Gido due nam len 10.3 nam giai doan 1990-1998 vln dam chan tai cho la 10,5 nSm suot giai doan 2001-2004 Tuy nhien, chi so phat then giao due EDI chi lien quan den cac muc tieu ve giao due cho mpi ngudi, bao gom phd cap giao due tieu hpc, xda mil chd, ngang bang gidi, chat lupng giao due tieu hpc Oe cd cai nhin rang hon ve giao due, cd the sd dung chi so giao due El chi so phat then ngudi HDI Chi so El la chi sd tdng hpp lien quan den ket qua xda mu chu va quy md giao due d mpi cap hpc Ned xet theo chi sd thi diln bien cua giao due Viet Nam cung tuong tu nhu tren: chi so El tang tU 0,80 nam 1994 len 0,84 nam 1999, rdi giam xudng 0,81 nam 2004 va giu nguyen the nam 2006; v| tri xep hang ve giao due lan lupt la 86/175 nam 1994, 71/162 nam 1999, 100/177 nam 2004, va 112/179 nam 2006 Trong mpt tai lieu nghien cdu ve vi tri giao due Viet Nam tren ban giao due the gidi, viec phan tich du lieu theo thdi gian tinh den nam 2005 cho thay giao due Viet Nam cd bieu hien phat then cham hdn mpt sd nddc khu vue, cham hon sU phat trien kinh te, va cham hdn su phat then mpt so ITnh vUc khac cua dat nUdc, chang han ICT Tinh the la khdng mong mudn, tham chi da bde xuc, gay quan ngai xa hdi Muc dich nghien cdu va each tiep can ThUc chat cua viec thuc hien HSD la budc chuyen ve chat phat then giao due Xet d gdc dp dd thi giao due Viet Nam dang qua trinh chuyen ddi Od la qua trinh chuyen td he giao due truyen thdng sang he HSD Tuy nhien hien trang giao due Viet Nam cho thay day la budc chuyen khd khan vdi nhieu trd ngai Trong quan ly sU thay ddi, mpt nhdng van de cd ban can giai dap td dau la xac dinh cac rao can, Vi the, muc dich nghien cdu chinh d day la lam ro cac rao can ddi vdi viec thuc hien HSO d Viet nam NghTa la tra Idi cau hdi: Dau la nhurng yeu to gay trd ngai cho giao due Viet Nam viec dap (Sng cac yeu cau cua HSD? Mudn vay, can cd su thdng nhat ve khai niem HSD va dat giao due Viet Nam khung khai niem dd Tren pham vi the gidi, ngddi ta thudng cho rang khai niem HSO dupe chinh thdc dua vao Bao cao cua Edgar Faure trinh UNESCO nam 1972 TU dd, viec trao ddi va tranh luan ve y nghTa, vai tro, tarn quan trong, dpng Idc, Idi ich cua HSO Idi keo sd tham gia rpng rai cua cac td chdc qudc te nhu OECD, WB, cac chinh phu va lien chinh phu nhu EC, cac td chUc xa hpi dan su, cac td chdc phi chfnh phu, cac trudng hpc, cac co quan nghien cdu, cac ca nhan tren toan the gidi Tuy rang vln mpt sd khac biet ly giai, nhung each hieu chung dupe chap nhan hien la: HSO la viec hoc tir au tho den nghi huu; bao gom hoc chinh quy, khdng chinh quy va phi chinh quy; doi hoi tinh than tham gia dan chu va y thUc trach nhiem cua ca nhan, xa hpi dan su va khu vue su dung lao dpng Cach hieu nhu tren ddi hdi mpt su thdng nhat ve mat thuat ngd Su thdng nhat dddc dua tai lieu mdi day cua OECD dudi tieu de "Cac he thdng xac nhan trinh dp chuyen mdn: cau ndi HSO" Cu the nhd sau: HSD la hoat dpng hpc tap tien hanh ca cupc ddi nham nang cao kien thdc, kT nang va nang Idc vi muc tieu hoan thien nhan each, bdn phan cong dan, trach nhiem xa hpi, hoac yeu cau cong viec Nhd the HSO bao gdm ca hpc chinh quy, khong chinh quy va phi chfnh quy Hpc chinh quy dddc thdc hien ngddi hpc theo hpc mpt chdong trinh giao due mpt co sd giao due, mpt trung tarn dao tao danh cho ngddi Idn, hoac tai noi lam viec Hpc chinh quy thddng ddpc cong nhan dddi hinh thdc mpt van bang hoac mpt chdng chi ve trinh dp chuyen mdn Hpc khong chinh quy la viec hpc dd ca nhan theo hpc mpt chddng trinh hpc tap khong nhat thiet ddpc danh gia de di tdi van bang, chdng chi Tuy nhien, chdong trinh hpc tap dddc cd sd giao due xay dung bai ban nham dap Ung muc dich cua ngudi hpc Hpc phi chinh quy la ket qua cua nhdng hoat ddng gan lien vdi cdng viec hang ngay, cong viec gia dinh, hoac vui choi giai tri Viec hpc khong cd cau true xet d gdc dp muc dich, thdi gian, tai lieu hpc tap Trong phan Idn trudng hpp, hpc phi chinh quy la viec hpc khdng chu dich va khong din tdi van bang, chUng chi Ddi chieu vdi cac quy dinh Luat Giao due nUdc ta lien quan den giao due nha trudng, giao due gia dinh va giao due xa hpi, c i ba loai hpc tap ke tren deu dupe Nha nude khuyen KHGD sd 53, thdng - 2010 khich va tao dieu kien Tuy nhien, he thdng giao due qudc dan hien chi bao gdm giao due chinh quy va giao due thudng xuyen, dd giao due thudng xuyen khong hln la giao due khdng chinh quy theo nghTa neu tren bdi le nd cd the dan den van bang, chdng chi Ve lau dai he thdng giao due Viet Nam tren dudng chuyen sang he HSD se bao gdm ca giao due phi chinh quy NhUng trudc mat va trung han, se hien thuc hdn neu tap trung vao viec cung co va hoan thien he hien cd vdi hai cau la giao due chinh quy va giao due thddng xuyen de ca he thdng hoat dong nhip nhang va hieu qua Nhd the diem dau tien ve each tiep can la chi khoanh lai viec xac dinh cac rao can budc tien cua he thdng HSD hien cua nUdc ta Diem tiep theo ve each tiep can la lam ro the nao la budc tied cua he thdng HSD hien Ve cau true, he thdng HSD hien cua Viet Nam bao gdm bdn giai doan giao due va dao tao: giao due mam non, giao due phd cap, giao due va dao tao sau phd cap, dao tao tiep tuc sau rdi ghe nha trudng (Trong cac he thdng HSD phd bien hien tren the gidi, cd giai doan thd la hpc tap sau ve hUu) Theo quan diem cua UNESCO hien dupe chia se rpng rai tren the gidi thi "neu tuan thu nghiem ngat nguyen tac HSD cho mpi ngddi, ca giai doan phai dddc cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach va cac nha hoat dpng xa hpi ddi xd binh ding nhd nhau" Nhd the, can hieu bddc tien HSD d Viet Nam khong chi la bddc tien hddng den cac muc tieu de cho cac giai doan giao due va dao tao khac ma la bddc tien hddng den sd ddi xd binh dang gida cac bp phan cua he thdng giao due qudc dan Vdi nhan thdc neu tren ve khai niem HSD va each tiep can, dddi day se lam ro cac rao can khac viec phat then HSD d Viet Nam Rao can ve khai niem nddc ta, HSD den van la mot khai niem khdng ro rang Ra soat cac tai lieu cua Viet Nam lien quan den giao due ndi chung, HSD ndi rieng, cd the nhan thay: a Du rang thuat ngd HSO ddpc sd dung phd bien, nhdng khai niem chda ddpc dinh nghTa 10 KHGD so 53, thdng - 2010 ro rang Nd thddng ddpc hieu theo nghTa thong dung va chda dddc li giai chat che nhd thd tich qudc te Ngay gidi nghien cdu khoa hpc giao due, hien vln chda di den mpt each hieu thdng nhat va chinh thdc ve cac khai niem HSO, hpc chinh quy, hpc khong chinh quy, hpc phi chinh quy b HSO van chda dddc quan niem la mpt giai doan phat then mdi ve chat cua giao due: giai doan la bddc phat then tat yeu cua giao due trddc nhdng thay ddi nhanh chdng cua ddi song kinh te - xa hpi nddc, cung nhd the gidi, de thay the giai doan truyen thdng vdi viec hpc mpt lin tren ghe nha trddng, each hpc vet, kieu truyen thu mpt chieu, nhdi nhet kien thdc, ngddi hpc kem thi bi bd rdi, ngddi hpc gidi thi tiep tuc leo len hddng tdi mpt nghe nhat dinh cupc ddi c HSO ddpc danh ddng vdi giao due khdng chinh quy, giao due danh cho ngddi Idn, giao due ngoai nha trddng d HSD ddpc quan niem la nhiem vu va trach nhiem cua rieng nganh giao due; nd chda ddpc sd quan tarn hdp tac cd y thdc va trach nhiem cua cac cd quan khac ITnh vdc cong; nd cung chda thu hut dddc sdtham gia ddng gdp td nguyen va dang ke cua khu vdc td nhan, dac biet la gidi san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu Vi the, du ring HSO dddc ndi tdi rat nhieu, nhdng khai niem van ddpc hieu kha xa vdi nhdng gi da dddc cdng nhan rpng rai gid day tren the gidi Rao can ve khai niem la nguyen nhan cot loi din den nhdng rao can khac dddc de cap tdi bai viet Rao can ve the che Neu so sanh vd cac nddc phat then thi viec the che hda HSO d Viet Nam vln chi mdi d giai doan dau tien Ngay ca so sanh vdi mpt so nddc khu vdc, Viet Nam cung tut hau viec xay ddng he thdng van ban phap quy lien quan den HSO Han Qudc da ban hanh Luat Giao due sudt ddi td nam 1999; Thai Lan da dda khai niem HSD td tddng chu dao xuyen sudt npi dung cua Luat Giao due qudc gia 1999: ca hai trddng hdp the hien khong chi la sd thay ddi ve phap luat giao due ma chinh la sd thay ddi co ban td ve HSD O Viet Nam, nhdng han che nhan Khoa hoc Gido duethifc ve khai niem HSD viec the che hoa HSO la mot cong viec nang ve thien chi han la dua tren ca sd nghien cuu khoa hoc Dieu dan den hien tddng phan manh thdc hien HSD vdi nhirng rao can sau day ve phddng dien the che: a Hien tai chiing ta mdi chi cd luat Unh vdc giao due va dao tao dd la Luat Phd cap giao due tieu hpc Luat Giao due va Luat Day nghe Du ring thuat ngd HSO da ddpc dda vao cac van ban luat va tai lieu chi dao, nhdng can cd vao phan tich ciia Ngan hang the gidi ve sd khac biet gida md hinh truyen thdng va mo hinh HSO thi cd the thay tu tudng chu dao xay dung the che HSD d nUdc ta van la tu tudng cua md hinh hoc tap truyen thdng NghTa la pham vi giao due da dddc md rang de bao ham ca giao due chinh quy va khong chinh quy nhdng npi dung giao due va viec cung dng giao due van mang nhirng dac trdng chii yeu cua mo hinh truyen thdng Noi dung giao due van bi ddng khung chddng trinh giao due nang ve nhdi nhet va nhai lai kien thdc; viec cung dng giao due thi nang ve cung, coi nhe cau tap trung vao cac cd sd chinh quy vdi mpt he thdng kiem soat thdng nhat tdtren xudng b Quan he phoi hdp gida cac bp nganh yeu kem hieu qua Quyet dinh 112 ciia Thu tddng Chinh phu quy dinh Bp GD&DT cd trach nhiem phoi hpp vdi Bp Lao dong, Thdong binh va Xa hpi de hddng dan cac bp nganh cd quan va dia phddng cu the hda cac npi dung ciia Oe an Xay ddng xa hpi hpc tap cac chddng trinh, dd an vdi nhirng muc tieu, giai phap va bddc di phu hpp de td chdc trien khai thdc hien Tuy nhien Bao cao sd ket nam thdc hien QO 112 da nhan dinh: 'Chda dddc sd hddng dng nhiet tinh ciia mpt so bp, nganh cd lien quan d TW Mac du Bd GD&DT da cd Van ban so Thuat ngir Giao due chinh quy Giao due khong chinh quy 8255/BGDOT-GDTX 14/97005 gdi cac bo CO quan ngang bp co quan TW ciia cac doan the hddng dan then khai thdc hien De an "Xay ddng xa hpi hpc tap giai doan 20057010' nhdng cho den chda cd Bp nao cd ke hoach trien khai cu the Chda cd co che phoi hpp phan cong ro trach nhiem ciia cac cap cac nganh va nhieu to chdc xa hpi chda co trach nhiem ho trd phat trien GDTX"" c Quan he hdp tac gida nganh giao due va khu vdc sd dung lao dpng hau nhd khong cd Trong hai nam gan day de cdng tac dao tao dap dng nhu cau xa hpi, quan he phoi hpp gida dai hpc va doanh nghiep cd ddpc chu nhdng chic lau mdi tao dddc quan he ddi tac hdu hieu ve HSD vdi gidi doanh nghiep Trong Luat Giao due each day 10 nam, da cd dieu khoan khuyen khich cac td chdc kinh te md trddng, Idp dao tao tai co sd, nhien den hau nhd khdng cd dpng thai dang ke nao ddng gdp ciia doanh nghiep vao HSD Mpt mat phan Idn cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam vln mang nang td bao cap tuyen dung lao dpng hp trdng chd d nguon cung sin cd td khu vdc dao tao ciia Nha nddc hp it chu tdi viec phan tich nhu ciu dao tao va nhiem vu dao tao tai doanh nghiep ke hoach chien Idpc ciia minh Mat khac d cap dp chu trddng chinh sach hien van chda cd chdong trinh qudc gia nao hoac chi it la co che nao nhim khuyen khich viec td chdc dao tao tai doanh nghiep Rao can ve cd cau He thdng giao due qudc dan nddc ta bao gdm giao due chinh quy va giao due thddng xuyen Tuy nhien cd sd khac biet dang ke gida Viet Nam va qudc te ve each hieu mpt sd thuat ngd lien quan nhd dddc trinh bay bang dddi day Cach hieu theo tai lieu qudc te Giao due dan tdi van bang, chung chi Giao due theo chu dich cua nguoi hoc va khong din toi van bang, chung chi Giao due phi Giao due khong cd chu dich va chinh quy khong dan tdi van bang, chung chi 10 Cach hieu hien d Viet Nam Giao due toan thoi gian va dan tdi van bang, chung chi Day la thuat ngur dupe sir dung Luat Giao due 1998 sau duoc thay bing thuat ngur giao due thudng xuyen Luat Giao due 2005 Bao gom giao due ban thdi gian, co chu dich ciia ngudi hpc, dan tdi hoac khdng dan tdi van bing, chung chi Chua duoc xet den KHGD so 53, thdng - 2010 Nhu da trinh bay a tien, theo each hieu thdng dung d Viet Nam thi HSO dddc danh dong vdi viec hoc giao due thddng xuyen Died dd dan den nhdng rao can sau ve cau true he thdng: a Giao due phd thdng cGng nhd giao due mam non chua duoc coi la nen tang cua HSD Du rang, nhdng nam ddi mdi vda qua, da cd no Idc ben bi de chuyen viec hoe tdthu dong sang chu ddng lay ngddi hoc lam trung tarn nhdng giao due phd thdng van la kieu giao due truyen thdng tap trung vao viec chuan bi thi cd, hpc len dai hpc va lay van bing Kieu giao due khong phu hdp vdi viec trang bi cho ngddi hpc nhdng nSng Idc can thiet va cung khong chuan bi cho hp de trd nhdng ngddi HSD Cac kT nang giao tiep kT nang giai quyet van de, kT nang hpc each hpc, cung nhd tac phong thai dp cdng viec, chda dddc quan tarn day va hpc Viec dng dung ICT dang ddpc khuyen khich manh me, nhdng bde tranh chung van chi ddng lai d viec dda may tinh vao moi trddng giao duo Cong tac hddng nghiep yeu ve chat Idpng, khdng hdng thu, kem hieu qua, bi ca hpc sinh lan phu huynh va cpng ddng danh gia thap b Giao due thddng xuyen, du rang ddpc xep ngang hang Luat vdi giao due chinh quy, nhdng thdc te bi coi nhe td nhdng gdc dp khac Nd ddpc ngam ngam coi nhd mpt thd giao due bd tuc danh cho ngddi mu chd, tre em thiet thdi, hpc sinh yeu kem: mpt noi thuan tien viec "mua" van bang, chdng chi, can thiet cho thang tien cong viec; mpt each thdc hpp phap de nha trddng va nha giao lo cho nieu com cua minh, v.v Ve phddng dien td chdc thdc hien, giao due thddng xuyen chda dddc ddi xd ngang bang vdi giao due chinh quy Trong sudt 23 nam ddi mdi vda qua, viec nang cao chat Idpng giao due va nang cap co sd giao due da dddc chu y nhieu, nhdng tap trung chu yeu cho khu vdc chinh quy, giao due thddng xuyen gan nhd bi bd rdi Theo ket qua cua mpt de tai nghien cdu" thi hien trang cua cac trung tarn giao due thddng xuyen la dang bao dpng vi KHGD so 53, thdng - 2010 thieu sd quan tarn cua cac cd quan nha nddc it ddpc khu vdc td nhan chu dau td, kem sdc hut va dpng Idc ddi vdi giao vien c Hien van chda cd sd ket noi va lien thong gida giao due chinh quy va giao due thddng xuyen Thdc ra, day la van de ndi com ca he giao due chinh quy Sd ket ndi lien thong, chuyen ddi gida day nghe, giao due chuyen nghiep va giao due dai hpc mdi dang d giai doan thi diem vdi viec chuyen hpc tap td nien che sang tin chi Cac he thdng bao dam chat Idpng va kiem d|nh chat Idpng non tre, chda du sdc thiet lap cau ndi gida giao due chinh quy va giao due thddng xuyen, nhat la chat Iddng dao tao tai chdc, vda hpc vda lam, nhieu diem de nghi ngai Rao can ve tai chinh Cho den nay, giao due Viet Nam van ddng trddc mau thuan Idn Od la mau thuan gida mpt ben la yeu cau cang cao ve quy md va chat Idpng giao due va mpt ben la sd thieu hut ve ngan sach Nha nddc da danh du tien cho giao due va hien ngan sach giao due da chiem tdi 20% tdng chi ngan sach nha nddc, nhdng van khdng du de dap dng yeu cau cua HSO Mpt cac giai phap hdu hieu de khac phuc mau thuan tren la thdc hien xa hpi hda giao due Rieng viec xay ddng xa hpi hpc tap, QD 112 da quy dinh cu the: "Kinh phi de thdc hien cac hoat dpng ITnh vdc giao due thddng xuyen chu yeu dda tren tinh than phat huy cao dp hieu qua cua cong tac xa hpi hda" Thanh cong cua chu trddng la da huy dpng ddpc sd ddng jdp to Idn cua xa hpi dan sd va cac ca nhan vao phat then HSD d nddc ta Cac cd sd giao due td thuc hien da cd d mpi cap hpc va trinh dp dao tao, md rpng cO hpi hpc tap cho mpi ngddi, tao moi trddng canh tranh lanh manh viec nang cao chat Idpng giao due Dieu dac biet quan la cac td chdc xa hpi dan sd nhd Hpi Khuyen hpc, Hpi Phu nd Doan Thanh nien, v.v da tham gia dong gdp ben bi va thiet thdc viec thuc da'y phong trao HSD ca nddc, phat huy hieu qua cua cac md hinh "Gia dinh hieu hpc", "Dong hp khuyen hpc", 11 Khoa hoc Gido "Xa, phddng, thi tran khuyen hoc', xay dung mang Iddi HSD vdi cac trung tarn giao due thudng xuyen, trung tarn hpc tap cpng dong, trung tarn ngoai ngd, trung tarn tin hpc, v.v Tuy nhien, nhdng han che ve trinh dp phat then kinh te cua dat nude, viec to chdc HSD van ddng trudc cac rao can tai chinh sau day: a Hpp tac cdng-tu phat then giao due han che, tap trung chu yeu vao khu vdc chinh quy v6i viec lap cac co sd giao due tir thuc Trong giao due thudng xuyen, ngoai su hd trp it di cua ngan sach nha nddc, su ddng gdp ngheo nan cua khu vue dan sd va sd chia se chi phi khiem ton cua ngudi hpc, thi dau tu cua khu vdc tu nhan vao phat then giao due thudng xuyen hau nhu khong dang ke b Quan he giao due - doanh nghiep HSD cung moi chi dupe thiet lap va cung mdi chi giai han d viec xac dinh cac nhu cau dao tao de nang cao chat lupng va hieu qua cua cac trudng dai hoc Ddng gdp tai chinh cua doanh nghiep phat then HSO, cu the nhiem vu dao tao tai doanh nghiep, vln chua dupe quan tarn dung mdc c Hdp tac qudc te, nhin td gdc dp phat then HSD, hien khong cong bang, danh Uu tien qua nhieu cho giao due chinh quy, gan nhu bd quen giao due thudng xuyen Cac dd an ODA va du an vien trp khong hoan lai deu tap trung vao cac cap hpc va trinh dp dao tao cua he chinh quy, giao due thudng xuyen den van chua nhan dupe mpt dd an dang ke nao d Vdi viec thUc hien Hiep dinh chung ve thuang mai dich vu (GATS) giao due, giao due thudng xuyen se dupe md cda nhu mpt thi truong cho cac nha dau tu nude ngoai Hien trang yeu kem ve chat lupng va tai chinh se dat giao due thudng xuyen nude ta ddng trudc thach thUc to lOn ve canh tranh thuong mai Rao can ca nhan Di nhien, cac rao can rat da dang, Chung khac theo nhdm (tuy theo dd la ngudi hpc, nha giao, nha quan li, chu sd dung lao dpng v.v ) va khac ca theo ca nhan tdng nhdm Tuy nhien, cd mpt so rao 12 Ngr in : can chung sau day, dac trdng cho dai bp phan cac ca nhan xet bdi canh HSO d nddc ta a Rao can dang ke hdn ca la tinh hinh thUc nhan thUc ve HSD Thuat ngd HSD da dddc sd dung tU lau cac van ban chinh sach cung nhu tai lieu nghien cUu nhung den phan Idn mpi ngudi van chda cd nhan thdc dung dan ve y nghTa, vai tro, tarn quan va Ipi ich cua nd NgUdi hpc thi thddng cho dd la mpt thd giao due hang hai, danh cho nhirng khong cdng nha trudng Nha giao thi van chua thoat khdi quan niem rang van bang cua hp du dung cho ca cupc ddi day hpc, hp vln chua la tarn gUOng cua ngudi HSO de hpc sinh, sinh vien noi theo Cac chu sd dung lao dpng van chua nhan thUc dddc rang dao tao tai doanh nghiep la can thiet, hieu qua, dang ddng tien bat gao; hp van cho rang HSO la rieng nhiem vu cua cac co sd dao tao Cac nha quan li thi chda hieu rang HSO ve thdc chat la budc chuyen ve chat cua giao due, dieu dd khong chi doi hdi su* thay ddi day va hpc ma la sir ddi mdi can ban cong tac quan li va cO che tai chinh giao due Vi the, nhin chung, d nUdc ta, HSD van nang ve hd hao chinh sach va nda vdi td chUc thuc hien b Mot rao can dai ding khac la benh bang cap xa hdi Viet Nam Nude ta cd truyen thdng quy bau la long hieu hpc Dd la dpng luc quan cho HSO, nhung nhieu nguyen nhan khong de cap d day, dieu dd cung dan den mpt hieu dng tieu cdc la tarn li sinh bing cap Thanh nien hpc vi bing cap, ngudi Idn theo hpc tai chdc cung vi bing cap Cd ca hien tupng ki la la mpt sd nha quan li va cdng chUc thue sinh vien hpc hp, thi hp va lay bing cho hp Can benh bing cap nang den mdc nhiem ca vao tu cua mpt so nha hoach d|nh chinh sach hp de xuat la den nam 2020 tat ca can bp ddng diu sd, ban, nganh cua Ha Npi phai cd bing tien sil Ket luan Nam 2006, Dai hpi Dang X yeu cau: "Chuyen din md hinh giao due hien sang mo hinh giao due md - mo hinh xa hpi hpc tap vdi he thdng hpc tap sudt ddi, dao tao lien tuc, lien KHGD so 53, thdng - 2010 Nghieri curu |l