Khoa hoc Gido due M O T S O V A N D € V € D O I M O I P H U O N G P H R P D A Y H O C P H A P L U A T T R O N G M O N G I A O D U C C O N G D A N O T R U O N G T A U N G H O C C O S O • PGS TS HA NHAT[.]
Khoa hoc Gido due- M O T S O V A N D € V€ D O I M O I P H U O N G PHRP DAY HOC PHAP LUAT T R O N G M O N G I A O DUC C O N G D A N O T R U O N G TAUNG HOC CO • Dat van de Trong lich sdgiao due (GD) cua nhan loai va dan toe, chua bao gid doi hoi d giao vien (GV) mot sd sang tao nhu GV hien khong phai la "thp day" nhung cai co sin sach giao khoa (SGK) ma phai la "ngUdi td chdc hoat dpng nhan thdc cho hpc sinh (HS)" nham khoi day d HS hoai bao khat khao "lam giau su hieu biet bang tri thUc cua nhan loai", mong mudn hoan thien nhan each khdng ngUng vi nhan thUc trach nhiem ddi vdi ban than, gia dinh va xa hpi Oe thuc hien dupe muc tieu day hpc (DH) muc tieu GD cua giai doan hien nay, doi hdi ngudi GV phai cd nhdng pham chat, nSng Idc nghe nghiep khac trudc day GV hien phai hpi tu du cac yeu to: Cd tri; cd tam; cd tam; cd nang luc sang tao Trong bai viet nay, chung toi gidi thieu mpt sd van de chung ve ddi mdi phddng phap DH (PPDH) phap luat mon "GD cong dan" (GDCD) nham cung cap cho GV nhdng hieu biet chung vdi td each nhd phddng phap luan de cd nang Idc sang tao qua trinh DH nhdng bai cu the SGK GDCD Nam vdng phan nay, GV se td li giai ddpc muc tieu GD phap luat d trung hpc CO sd (THCS) la gi? Tai lai cau true he thdng bai hpc chddng trinh r hd vay? Mudn dat tdi muc tieu, thdc hien tot noi dung bai thi can td chdc hoat ddng DH nhd the nao? Van dung cac phddng phap, phddng tien the nao de HS hieu sau sac, chic chin muc tieu GD phap luat? I Y nghTa cua day hoc phap luat va doi mdi PPDH phap luat mon GDCD a THCS GD phap luat cho mpi cong dan ndi chung, DH phap luat cho HS, sinh vien ndi rieng la mpt ddi hdi khach quan cua qua trinh xay dung nha nude phap quyen thdi dai 26 SO PGS.TS HA NHAT THANG 1.1 Dac diem hoan canh cua GD phap luat hien Viet Nam dang thdc hien cdng nghiep hda (CNH), hien dai hda (HOH) dat nddc, nghTa la dang xay ddng, phat then kinh te tri thdc bdi canh hpi nhap toan cau, md rpng quan he da phdOng, song phddng, tan dung mpi thdi co phat then dat nddc Nhdng Viet Nam thdc hien CNH, HDH td nen van minh ndng nghiep Ndi chinh xac, Viet Nam la giao thoa cua ca nen van minh (van minh nong nghiep, van minh cdng nghiep, van minh tin hpc, d mpt sd vung sau vung xa rdi rdt ca nen van minh mong mupi) dd van minh nong nghiep van chiem ti Idn Oac diem "giao thoa" cua cac nen van minh la mpt dac trdng vo cung phdc tap va khd khan ddi vdi qua trinh CNH, HOH ndi chung va phat then GD ndi rieng Khd khan, phUc tap khong chi vi ta thieu co sd vat chat, tang cd sd, trang thiet bi, khoa hpc va cong nghe cao ma cai khd khan phdc tap Idn nhat lai chinh la ngUdi, dac diem tam li xa hpi Con ngddi la san pham cua mpt hoan canh nhat dinh, vi vay dac diem tam li cua mdi ca the, nhdm xa hpi va dan tdc cung phan anh tinh giao thoa cua cac he thdng gia tri, cua cac nen van minh, Mdi ngddi va moi cpng ddng deu chda ddng nhurng gia tri dan xen gida cai cu va cai mdi, gida nhdng yeu td tich cdc va tieu cdc Od chinh la can trd Idn nhat ddi vdi qua trinh ddi mdi GD + Viec xac dinh dac diem giao thoa cac nen van minh cd y nghTa vo cung quan trong viec Ida chpn npi dung, dac biet Ida chpn phddng phap, each thdc td chUc hoat dpng GD dao ddc va phap luat Khong the mpt sdm mpt chieu mdi ngudi doan tuyet dupe vdi nhdng bao thu, lac hau, phong tuc tap quan ldi thdi va nhdng thdi quen, Idi song cua cac nen van minh KHGD sd 53, thdng - 2010 khong phu hop vdi giai doan mdi Mudn nang cao hieu qua GD phap luat, doi hdi phai cd giai phap tdng the tac dpng vao tat ca cac khau, cac yeu td cua hoat dpng tuyen truyen, GD cho mpi ddi tupng xa hpi Mpt nhdng khd khan cua GD phap luat la su lay lan, giao thoa thdi quen, Idi song cua cac the he Idn tudi ddi vdi the he tre Trong mdi gia dinh, cpng ddng xa hpi hien deu cd nhieu the he dang cung chung song The he tre vda chiu anh hudng bdi quan niem, Idi song cua the he cha ong, vUa ke thUa gia tri tot dep, nhung cung se chiu anh hudng bdi nhdng phong tuc tap quan cu khong phu hpp vdi yeu cau cua thdi dai (bd me, dng ba an d khdng ngan nap, ndi tuc, chdi bay, cd tinh gia trudng, song ich ki ), vi the khd tranh khdi chau cOng bi anh hudng mpt phan NhUng the he tre lai chiu anh hudng Idn cCia GD nha trddng, cua dinh hudng xa hpi nen lai tiep thu nhdng gia tri cua thdi dai Tinh lay lan la mpt dSc diem tam li xa hpi cua cac thdi ki lich sd da dan tdi tinh giao thoa (pha trpn) nhung gia trj tot xau, tich cut va tieu cue mdi ngUdi Nhan each ndi chung, cac gia tri dao ddc, phap luat, Idi song ndi rieng theo hudng tich cue hay tieu cdc d the he tre phu thupc phan Idn vao tinh thdng nhat cua cac tac dpng GD xa hpi dd GD nha trudng giUvai tro djnh hudng, chi dao chCi yeu Chinh tinh giao thoa gida cac the he ma viec GD dao ddc, phap luat phai dddc thdc hien mpt each ddng bp vdi tat ca mpi ddi tupng xa hpi de the he Idn tudi luon luon la tam gUdng cho the he tre noi theo Nhd vay mdi sdm lam cho the he tre doan tuyet vdi nhdng nhan thUc khong dung va giup nltau hinh hanh vi dung theo chuan mdc cua cac gia trj xa hpi doi hdi Tinh giao thoa, lay lan la mpt hien tdpng tam li xa hpi, vda cd mat tich cdc vda cd mat tieu cue, anh hudng sau sic den qua trinh GD cac gia tri ndi chung va GD phap luat ndi rieng Neu td chdc GD he thdng, tao mpt du luan xa hpi lanh manh tich cue giUa nha trudng, gia dinh, xa hpi, gida cac the he thi se han che tdi da nhdng anh hudng tieu cue, phat huy tdi da nhdng tac dpng tich cdc theo djnh hddng xa hpi Nhdng neu quan li xa hpi, quan li GD khong tao sd thdng nhat tac dpng, xay ddng ddpc mot moi trddng GD lanh manh thi KHGD so 53, thang - 2010 se la co hpi, la dieu kien cho nhdng anh hddng tieu cdc, nhdng thdi hd tat xau td phat then; se han che viec hinh thanh, phat then cac gia trj dao ddc 1.2 Can gan GD phap luat vdi GD dao ditc, lay GD dao disc lam nen tang dieu chinh hanh vi phap luat Trong qua trinh xay ddng nha nddc phap quyen cua cac nddc phat then, td the ki XVI - XVII da rat coi viec xay dung phap luat va td chdc mpt he thdng chinh trj de quan li nha nUdc bang phap luat Hien nay, nhdng nude dang phat then, mudn quan li nha nUdc cung nhan manh xay dung nha nude phap quyen, dieu hanh hoat dpng xa hpi bang phap luat va cung cd bp may dieu hanh phap luat Dieu dd hoan toan dung va can thiet Nhung neu coi nhe GD dao ddc, Idi song se dan tdi hien tupng phat trien khong ben vdng ca ve ngUdi, td nhien va kinh te xa hpi Chinh vi vay, vao nhdng nam 60 - 70 cua the k? XX, cac nude phat then da dieu chinh hpp li gida qua trinh phat then dao ddc va GD phap luat Dda tren cd sd phan tich li luan cua mdi quan he gida cac gia tri dao ddc va chuan mdc phap luat, dda vao bai hpc thdc tien cua ljch sd nhan loai da trai qua, Viet Nam xay ddng chddng trinh mdn Dao ddc d tieu hpc cung nhd mon GDCD d THCS va THPT luon xac dinh GD dao ddc phai dupe coi la co sd, nen tang cua sd phat then nhan each Cd the ndi, quan diem coi GD dao ddc la dieu kien, la nhan to quyet djnh sd khai thac tam Idc, dieu chinh qua trinh GD phap luat la cd sd li luan ddi mdi mon GDCD Chinh vi vay, cau true chddng trinh, npi dung SGK cua mdr GDCD d mdi Idp THCS ddpc chia lam phai : dao ddc va phap luat O mdi Idp, phan cd lien quan den nhau, hd trp Phan dao ddc ddpc hpc d hpc ki I, tao cd sd cho DH phan phap luat d hpc ki II GV giang day mon GDCD d THCS can nhan thdc sau sac dac diem, cau true chddng trinh, npi dung, he thdng bai cua mdi Idp, phai quan tam dac biet day phan phap luat va lien he vdi cac chuan mdc dao ddc da hpc 1.3 GD phap luat la mot yeu cau khach quan cua qua trinh CNH, HDH Tuy GD dao ddc la cd sd cua GD phap luat, 27 nhdng GD phap luat la mpt doi hoi khach quan, cap thiet giai doan hien Chung ta thdc hien CNH, HOH bdi canh hien khac rat xa cac nddc thdc hien CNH d the ki XVI - XVII Chung ta thdc hien CNH, HOH td mpt nen van minh nong nghiep, nhdng lai thdi dai cac nddc thdc hien nen van minh hau cong nghiep, phat then kinh te tri thdc Neu khong mudn tut hau, cung mpt luc chung ta phai thdc hien nhiem vu, npi dung phat then kinh te xa hpi cua nen van minh cong nghiep va van minh hau cong nghiep hoan canh hpi nhap Nhdng nhiem vu cua thdi dai dang dat cho chung ta phai xay ddng mpt he thdng luat phap phu het cac mdi quan he cac nhiem vu cua nha nddc va cong dan, phai thdc hien va GD cho mpi cong dan cd kien thdc va hanh vi phap luat thdc hien trach nhiem, nghTa vu de tao hoat dpng thdng nhat toan xa hpi la mpt doi hdi tat yeu va rat cap thiet Dieu quan cua GD phap luat d trddng phd thdng cung nhd ddi vdi mpi cdng dan la GD nhan thdc ve sd can thiet phai tuan thu phap luat, hinh d the he tre cung nhd mpi ngddi y thdc thdi quen td giac thdc hien quy pham phap luat Tuy theo tdng ddi tdpng, Ida tudi ma trang bi kien thdc phap luat can thiet tdi thieu Ddi vdi GD phd thong, nhat la tieu hpc va THCS, khong phai cung cap kien thdc luat phap la muc tieu chu yeu nhd quan niem trddc day Nhieu ngddi vdpt den dd, di ben trai dddng, lam hang gia, budn ban ma khong phai hp khong hieu luat Ngddc lai, nhieu ngddi khong biet cd luat cam lam hang gia, luat cam budn ban ma , nhdng hp khong bao gid lam hang gia, budn ban ma vi hp hieu dd la nhdng viec lam cd hai den sdc khoe ngddi GD phap luat cap thiet vdi tat ca mpi cong dan Tuy nhien GD phap luat cho HS phd thong la rat quan bdi vi nhan thdc hanh vi phap luat phai ddpc hinh tdtudi nhd mdi hi vong trddng cac em cd thdi quen td giac tuan thu cac chuan mdc dao ddc, phap luat 1.4 Doi mdi PPDH phap luat la yeu to gOp phan nang cao hieu qua DH mon GDCD va GD phap luat Mon GD cong dan cd y nghTa va tam quan trong dinh hddng cho HS nhdng chuan 28 mdc gia tri nhan each cua ngddi Viet Nam thdi ki CNH, HOH Muc tieu quan nhat cua mon GDCD d THCS khong chi cung cap kien thdc ve cac chuan mdc dao ddc, kien thdc phap luat can thdc hien phu hpp vdi Ida tudi HS ma muc tieu chu yeu la ren luyen y thdc, thdi quen theo chuan mdc dao ddc va phap luat mpi luc mpi noi Oe dat ddpc muc tieu dd, khdng chi qua nhdng tiet hpc tren Idp ma phai thdng qua nhieu bien phap va hinh thdc hoat dpng khac, dd cd chdong trinh hoat dpng GD ngoai gid len Idp Qua trinh DH cung da cd nhdng thay ddi d tat ca cac khau cua hoat dpng DH Mdi to cua hoat dpng DH deu cd y nghTa nhat dinh, anh hddng khdng nhd den chat Idpng, hieu qua DH Muc tieu npi dung mdn GDCD da cd nhdng thay ddi rat co ban va dddc the hien SGK, sach GV Tuy nhien, nhdng y tddng tot dep ay chi cd the trd hien thdc GV cd tam huyet, cd trach nhiem, nang Idc sd dung, phat huy hieu qua tat ca cac yeu td mpt each hpp li nham phat huy tinh tich cdc cua HS Mat khac HS cung la mpt chu the quyet dinh hieu qua cua hoat dpng DH Tuy nhien, vdi Ida tudi cua HS THCS.GV bing tinh cam, tri tue va nang Idc sd pham (trong dd cd kha nang sd dung phdong phap va each thdc td chdc DH) cd the kich thich thai dp hpc tap, tao dpng cd, sd thich thu hpc tap bp mon d cac em GV gidi cd the dieu khien qua trinh hpc tap d HS theo muc tieu DH Cd the ndi, DH, GV va HS deu la chu the bien muc tieu DH hien thdc Ngoai GV va HS vdi td each chu the cua hoat dpng DH thi phddng phap cd mpt vai tro dac biet quan Mdi quan he gida muc tieu - thay tro - va phdOng phap la mdi quan he quan nhat DH, nham tra Idi ba cau hdi: DH (GDCD) nham muc dich gi? Ai thdc hien hoat dpng dd? Thdc hien bing each nao? Trddc day coi viec thi dai hpc lam muc tieu cua hoat dpng DH thi each DH la trang bi kien thdc li thuyet de di thi Hien nay, muc dich GD va DH cd nhdng thay ddi thi PPDH cung phai thay ddi Muc tieu DH phap luat la hinh y thdc td giac thdc hien phap luat, ren luyen thdi quen thdc hien quy dinh cua phap luat thi dddng nhien phai tang cddng cac phddng phap luyen tap, gin lien hoat KHGD sd 53, thdng - 2010 dpng DH vdi thuc tien, lien he kien thdc vdi cupc song, , nham hinh thai dp ton phap luat d HS II Mot sd nguyen tac do'i mdi PPDH phap luat mon GDCD Mudn ddi mdi PPDH mpt mon hpc can phai dua tren nhung co sd nao? Ndi mpt each khac sd dung cac PPDH, each thdc td chdc DH.GV phai tra Idi dupe cau hdi "Oe thuc hien mpt bai, mpt muc tieu, mpt npi dung DH cua mdi bai nen sd dung phuong phap hay sd dung phUdng phap khac? cd bao nhieu phuong an, cd bao nhieu phuong phap va each thdc to chUc thUc hien?" Chi nao tra Idi dupe nhdng cau hdi tren va tim phuong an tdi uu, tim phUdng phap, each thUc hdp li nhat thi chat lupng, hieu qua DH ndi chung, DH phan phap luat ndi rieng mdi hi vong ddi mdi Hien nay, cd tinh trang dudi theo "Doi mdi PPDH" nhu mpt "cai mot", mpt sd GV, khong nhdng khong nang cao hieu qua DH ma khdng dat tdi muc tieu GD qua hoat dpng DH Vi du, day bai "Tu trong" d Idp 7, cd truyen ke "Mpt tam hdn cao ca", co giao da khdng sd dung PPDH "ke chuyen, dpc truyen" ma de HS dung tieu pham, "Diln" xong ca dien vien, thay trd Idp cudi am y, cd giao phai mat mpt luc mdi on dinh dupe Idp trat tu Ngupc lai, cd GV dung phuong phap dpc truyen vdi tat ca xuc cam va nghe thuat dpc dien cam da lam cho HS ca Idp ISng di, mpt so em dd hoe ca mat Cd giao thd hai sd dung phuong phap dpc truyen, ke chuyen da dat hieu qua GD cao hon nhieu vi muc tieu cua bai hpc la hinh xuc cam, tinh cam dao ddc, hinh tinh thuong yeu, chia se, ton nhung ngudi cd long tu nhu cac em nhd truyen ke De giup GV cd nhdng suy nghT ddi mdi PPDH mpt each sang tao, chu dpng, cd hieu qua, GV can dua tren mpt so can cd sau day: Can hieu vj tri va dac trung cua mon GDCD GD cdng dan la mpt mdn hpc cd dSc trUng khac rait nhieu cac mon hpc khac, nhat la khac vdi cac mon Khoa hpc tu nhien, Cong nghe GD cdng dan la mon hpc nam gida hai qua trinh: Qua trinh DH va qua trinh GD dao ddc, Idi song Muc tieu quan nhat cua mon hpc la KHGD so 53, thang - 2010 hinh xuc cam, tinh cam, niem tin, cd nhan thdc, thai dp dung ddi vdi cac vain de dao ddc gia tri phap luat; giup HS ren luyen hanh vi, thdi quen td giac thUc hien cac chuan dao ddc va quy dinh cua phap luat Viec cung cap cho cac em hieu biet ve npi dung cua phap luat va dao ddc chi la tien de ban dau de biet tieu chuan can thdc hien Chinh vi dac diem giao thoa gida hai qua trinh DH va GD dao ddc nen DH, GV phai biet ket hpp hai nhdm PPDH va phuong phap GD dao ddc Trong thUc tien, sU cdng hay that bai cua GV chinh la d chd biet hay khong biet ket hdp hai nhdm PPDH va GD dao ddc mpt each hpp li Nhieu GV khong biet sd dung cac phuong phap neu gUOng, lam gUOng, thuyet phuc cam hoa, phuong phap GD truyen thdng, tao dung dupe mpt du luan, xay dung dupe cac phong trao cua tap the thUc hien nen ne'p sinh hoat theo cac chuan mUc dao dUc va phap luat da hpc Khong it GV khong quan tam, udn nan nhdng hanh vi cho HS hang gid hpc (ke ca gid GDCD) va sinh hoat hang DSc diem giao thoa cua mdn GD cdng dan se chi phd'i viec lua chpn PPDH mon GDCD cOng nhu DH phan phap luat - Mon GDCD tich hpp kien thdc nhieu ITnh vUc khoa hpc va kien thUc thuc te cua cupc song xa hpi Tuy mon GDCD d THCS chi cd hai phan dao ddc va phap luat d mdi Idp, nhung npi dung cCia mon hpc lai tich hpp khdng it nhung yeu cau ve GD moi trudng, GD dan sd, GD van hoa va cac van de ve xa hpi Chinh vi tinh phong phu, dang dang cua npi dung cac bai hpc nen doi hdi GV phai suy nghT, lua chpn phuong phap, each thdc, vi du minh hoa cho phu hdp vdi npi dung va trinh dp nhan thdc cua HS Mdn GDCD khong phai la mon thi tot nghiep, lai it thdi lddng (1 tie't/tuan) nhung cd y nghTa rat quan ddi vdi viec thUc hien muc tieu GD thdi ki CNH, HOH vi npi dung cac bai hpc d cac chu de chinh la cac chuan mUc ve dao dUc hoac phap luat de HS can cU vao dd ma ren luyen va thuc hien cupc song Phai hieu tinh he thdng cua muc tieu, noi dung mdn hoc va cua tdng phan theo nguyen tac dong tam phat trien tU d i den khd, tdddn gian den phdc tap, tUcu the den Khoa hoc Gido due trim tddng Viec nam vCfng cau true logic dong tam va phat trien cua mon hpc co y nghTa vo cung quan trong viec Ida chpn PPDH bp mon cung nhif phan phap luat Tam chu de dao ddc, nam chu de phap luat va d tdng chCi de td Idp den Idp cung ddpc xay ddng td d l den khd, td ddn gian den phdc tap mdi Idp, he thdng bai cung ddpc xay ddng td don gian den phdc tap Tinh ddng tam va phat trien the hien d chd kien thdc bai sau dda vao kien thdc bai trddc Vi vay, giang day, GV can sd dung nhdng phddng phap on, luyen va cd the dda vao sd hieu biet cua HS da ddpc hpc, GV van dung tdng hdp cac phddng phap nham phat huy tinh tich cdc tham gia vao qua trinh hoat dpng DH va ren luyen cua HS Thdc te qua nhieu nam thdc hien chddng trinh, SGK mdn GDCD cho thay nhdng GV nam vdng cau true, mdi quan he npi dung cCia mdi Idp va toan cap THCS thi viec van dung cac phddng phap DH se sang tao hon, chu dpng va dat hieu qua hdn Hieu tinh he thdng cua muc tieu nghTa la thay mdi quan he muc tieu, npi dung cua mdi bai, moi Idp nham gdp phan thdc hien muc tieu, yeu cau cua mdn hpc, phuc vu muc tieu cap hpc va nham thdc hien muc tieu GD dao ddc, td tddng, Idi song cua the he tre d thdi ki CNH, HDH Lda chon PPDH khong chi can cd vao muc tieu ma biet xac djnh tam cua tdng phan, tdng bai Trong tam cua GD phap luat la hinh y thdc, nhan thdc Ipi ich, tam quan cua viec tuan theo phap luat Trong sach GV, d bai nao cung xac dinh muc tieu ve kien thdc, kT nang va thai dp Neu khdng xac dinh dddc tam cd the dan tdi viec phan phoi thdi Idpng khong hpp If Dieu quan nhat la cd xac dinh muc tieu tam thi mdi xac dinh chinh xac sd dung phddng phap nao de thdc hien muc tieu dd Hau het cac bai GD phap luat cd hai muc tieu tam, dd la cung cap cho cac em biet ddpc mpt so quy pham phap luat, ching han bao ve di san van hoa la bao ve nhdng cai gi va tam quan hdn la trao ddi, GD thai dp td giac bao ve, tdc la thay sd can thiet phai bao ve di 30 Nghien san van hoa Con viec hinh kT nang, thdi quen co hanh vi bao ve di san van hoa khong the thdc hien tiet len Idp ma phai gpi y, giao ke hoach cho cac em, ket hdp vdi chddng trinh hoat dpng GD ngoai gid len Idp thdc hien Nhdng bai cd tam la hinh xuc cam, tinh cam dao ddc thi ddng quen cac PPDH truyen thdng nhd ke chuyen, dpc truyen, neu gdOng, GD tinh cam Nhdng bai tam la giup HS cd kT nang giao tiep, dng xd thi nen sd dung phddng phap ddng vai, td chdc tro chOi, giai quyet tinh hudng DH phap luat d THCS chu yed hinh cho HS nhan thdc dung y nghTa, tam quan ciia viec thdc hien nhdng quy pham phap luat Tren cd sd nhan thdc ma hinh y thdc, thai dp td nguyen thddng xuyen hpc tap va lam theo quy dinh cua phap luat Can can cd vao dac diem nhan thdc va dac diem tam sinh li cua HS THCS Trong hoat dpng DH cd hai chCi the GV va HS Mdi quan he gida GV va HS la quan he cCia thay (ngddi td chdc dieu khien qua trinh nhan thdc) va trd nham thdc hien muc tieu cua hoat dpng DH, GD DH ch? cd hieu qua ca thay va tro tich cdc hdp tac hoat dpng HS THCS d Ida tudi thieu nhi hay hieu dpng, thich kham pha hoat dpng nhdng lai d l nan long, bi quan gap khd khan, thieu kien thdc nhieu ITnh vdc khoa hpc, it kinh nghiem song Vi vay, chda cd td sau sac de Ida chpn phdOng an giai quyet tdi du cac tinh hudng cua cupc song Tudi HS THCS khat khao song tinh cam, d l chia se vdi ban be, vdi nhdng ngddi ddpc cac em coi la "Than tdpng" VI vay, mudn dat hieu qua DH phap luat, GV can thiet lap ddpc quan he than thien, tin cay d HS Thiet lap quan he tin cay than thien, td nhien la co sd rat quan giup GV sd dung cac PPDH phat huy tinh tich cdc cua HS qua trinh day GDCD Can lien he noi dung cac bai hoc phap luat vdi thdc te cuoc song hang a trddng, a dja phddng va dat nddc Muc tieu, npi dung mdn GDCD, dd cd phan phap luat chi cd ket qua GV biet lien he vdi thdc te, biet dung kien thdc bai hpc de giai thich nhurng hien tdpng tot xau viec thdc hien phap luat hang va GV tim ddpc KHGD sd 53, thdng - 2010 Khoa hoc Gido due nhCrng vi du cu the, gan gui vdi cac em, chung minh dddc nhirng gia tri, ldi ich hoac tac hai viec tuan thCi nhurng quy dinh cua phap luat GV can thddng xuyen tiep can vdi bao chi, vd tuyen truyen hinh, cac van kien cua Oang, Nha nddc va cua nganh GD-OT biet sd dung nhurng td lieu hop li qua trinh DH mon GDCD la mot phddng hddng quan ddi mdi PPDH phap luat cua mon GDCD d THCS Sd dung hdp li cac phddng phap, phddng tien, dung DH nhirng dieu kien cu the cua moi trddng to chdc DH GV cd kinh nghiem giang day khdng bao gid chi cd mot giao an cho cac Idp khac mpt bai hpc Viec van dung PPDH phai c§n cd vao khong gian, thdi gian tien hanh bai hpc Gid hpc tien hanh Idp hay ngoai Idp hpc, Idp rpng hay hep cung quy dinh viec Ida chpn phdOng phap, phdOng tien dung DH Gid hpc ddpc thdc hien vao budi sang hay budi chieu, vao miia he hay miia dong, tiet sd hay tiet ciia bai (mpt bai ciia phan phap luat thddng dddc phan phoi tiet) VAN DE GIAO DUC (Tiep theo trang 6) che va ciing hddng tdi mpt muc dich chung Vi vay, giai quyet cac van de giao due can bao dam tinh ddng bp Hien nay, co cau nghien cdu da khong bao dam tinh ddng bp Trong cac bac hpc ciia chiing ta hien cd le dai hpc va chuyen nghiep la khau yeu nhat xet ca ve so luong lin chat lupng Dieu dd khdng nhirng khong dap dng ddpc yeu cau dao tao nguon nhan Idc cho CNH - HOH dat nddc, ma khdng dap dng ddpc nhu cau hpc nghe, lien quan mat thiet den viec giai quyet cdng an viec lam khien nien va mpi gia dinh deu lo lang Dd la co sd tam li tao tinh trang day them, hpc them lan tran, lo lang, bi quan ve tien sd nghiep dai bp phan nien Vi vay, can Idu y thich dang giai quyet van de dai hpc, chuyen nghiep; giao due phd thdng KHGD sd 53, thdng 2-2010 Tom lai, viec van dung ket hdp cac PPDH phap luat mon GDCD d THCS la mpt nghe thuat Sd dung PPDH cung nhd phddng phap GD doi hdi GV phai phan tich, tdng hpp cac yeu to anh hddng tdi hoat dpng td chdc DH TAI LlfU THAM KHAO Pham Minh Hac, Phat trien toan dien nguoi thd CNH, HDH, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, 2001 Ha Nhat Thang, Nhap mon GD cong dan, NXB Dai hpc Su pham, 2007 Ha Nhat Thang, Giao trinh Dao dire va GD dao dir NXB Dai hpc Supham, 2007 Sach giao vien, SGK GD cdng dan tir Idp den Idp NXB GD SUMMARY This article presents some issues in Civics for lower secondary teaching innovation The author analyses: Meaning of law education and innovation of law teach 21 some principles in law teaching in lower secondar civics khdng, the giai quyet tot neu giao due dai hpc chuyen nghiep khong dddc giai quyet tot TAl LI$U THAM KHAO Babanskylu.K., Toi uu hoa qua trinh day hpc M."G due", 1982 Kedrov B.M., Lenin, Khoa hpc, sutien bp xa hdi M NX "Chinh trj", 1963, Kopnin P.V., Logic nghien ciru khoa hoc M NXB "Kho hpc", 1965 Lecne I.la., Qua trinh day hpc va tinh quy luat ciia nd M NXB "Kien thurc", 1980 Thai Duy Tuyen, Giao due hpc hien dai, NXB "Dai hoc Qudc gia", 2001 SUMMARY Based upon the inquiry about nature of educational process mainly comprised of structure, rules, the auth presents the current situation of education, identifies main conflicts, the 'key points'to be impacted for the de opment of education system currently 31 ... hieu qua, GV can dua tren mpt so can cd sau day: Can hieu vj tri va dac trung cua mon GDCD GD cdng dan la mpt mdn hpc cd dSc trUng khac rait nhieu cac mon hpc khac, nhat la khac vdi cac mon Khoa... ma biet xac djnh tam cua tdng phan, tdng bai Trong tam cua GD phap luat la hinh y thdc, nhan thdc Ipi ich, tam quan cua viec tuan theo phap luat Trong sach GV, d bai nao cung xac dinh muc tieu... to gOp phan nang cao hieu qua DH mon GDCD va GD phap luat Mon GD cong dan cd y nghTa va tam quan trong dinh hddng cho HS nhdng chuan 28 mdc gia tri nhan each cua ngddi Viet Nam thdi ki CNH, HOH