Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Nguyen HQu Quy Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 72(10) 150 158 XAY DlTNG VAN HOA HOfP TAC TRONG GIANG DAY 6 CAP KHOA CUA TRUOTVG DAI HOC Nguyen Huu Quy* , Dgi hoc Dd Ndng TOM TAT Trong thdi dai cua toan c[.]
Nguyen HQu Quy 72(10): 150- 158 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE XAY DlTNG VAN HOA HOfP TAC TRONG GIANG DAY CAP K H O A CUA TRUOTVG DAI HOC Nguyen Huu Quy* , Dgi hoc Dd Ndng TOM TAT Trong thdi dai cua toan cau hda ve giao due, cac khoa ciia mot trudng dai hoc can phai trd nhung td chiic hoc tap hieu qua Vi vay, viec xay dung mot moi trudng giang day co tinh hgp tac chat che gitra cac giang vien de tao mot net van hda hgp tac giang day cua khoa la mot nhung yeu td quan gdp phan vao su phat trien vung chae ciia khoa ndi rieng va nha trudng ndi chung Bai bao nghien ciiu ca sd ly thuyet ciia cac td chiic hoc tap ma d moi giang vien cd su hd trg lan rat hieu qua giang day nham nang cao chat lugng giao due Tren co- sd dd, ciing vdi viec khao sat y kien ciia 40 giang vien ciia Dai hoc Da Nang va mot sd trudng ban, tac gia phan tich su can thiet ciia mot mdi trudng giang day cd su hop tac tot va dua yeu td co ban khong the thieu neu mudn xay dung cong net van hda tai khoa, cu the la: hgp tac tu nguyen va cdi md, sinh hoat chuyen mdn dinh ky, quan ly va giao tiep hai hda, cd van hda danh gia giang vien va ddi xu binh dang giua cac the he giang vien Tu- khoa: Td chirc hgc tap Vdn hda hgp tdc Hgp Idc gidng dgy, Khoa ciia trudng dgi hgc Binh ddng giira cdc the he DAT VAN DE Cac trudng dai hoc la noi san sinh va chuyen tai tri thirc cho ngudi hgc Viec nang cao chat lugng giao due ndi chung va giao due dai hgc ndi rieng dang nhan dugc su quan tam rat Idn cua cac nha quan ly giao due, giang vien, sinh vien va toan xa hdi De tdn tai va phat triln bin vQng (sustainable development) mdi trudng toan cau hda va nen kinh tl tri thirc hien nay, cac trudng dai hgc phai la nhung td chirc hoc tap (learning organisations), cac khoa va tap the giang vien khoa ddng vai tro cue ky quan trgng, gdp phan vao su Idn manh cua nha trudng De nang cao trinh chuyen mdn va kha nang nghien ciru khoa hgc nham theo kjp sir phat trien cua \a hdi-khoa hgc va cdng nghe, ngudi giang vien dai hgc khdng nhung phai chu ddng trau doi chuyen mon ma cdn phai hgc tap sudt ddi (lifelong learning) Cd nhilu kenh thdng tin de nang cao trinh nhu thdng qua sach, bao tai lieu; phuong tien thdng tin dai chiing • Tel: 0905.062.848: Email: 150 nhqiiy@ac.iidn.vn cac khda dao tao bdi dudng, nhung quan trgng va huu hieu hon ca la sir hgc hdi, chia se kinh nghiem lan giQa cac giang vien ciing chuyen nganh, td bd mdn mot khoa theo phuong cham "hgc thay khdng tay hgc ban" Hay tham chi la can phai cd su hop tac theo chieu dgc tuc la giua giang vien cua trudng dai hgc vdi giang vien ciia trudng dai hgc khac, va ngoai nude Theo ghi nhan cua tac gia bang each quan sat thuc te, trao ddi vdi ddng nghiep d cac trudng dai hgc va cao dang vien thudc Dai hoc Da Nang cung nhu cac trudng ban d khu vuc mien Trung va Tay Nguyen, dudi cac khia canh dac trung cho mgt mdi trudng lam viec cd tinh hgp tac nhu: hoat dgng giang day va nghien cuu khoa hgc, su tuong tac - trao doi chuyen mdn giua cac giang vien, su chia se ngudn thdng tin, each thiic dilu hanh ciia lanh dao khoa, thi nhung yeu to deu dang tdn tai d cac khoa ciia cac trudng va hau hit giang vien cac cugc trao ddi deu y thiic dugc tam quan trgng va su can thiet cua mdt moi trudng giang day cd tinh hgp tac cao Tuy nhien, tai Dai hgc Da Nang, net Nguyen Huu Quy Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE van hda dang tdn tai rat rd net tai mdt so khoa cd be day tich boat ddng giang day va nghien ciru khoa hgc, cd ddi ngu can bd giang vien cd tinh than doan ket cao va thudng xuyen hd trg lan rat tdt, nd van kha md nhat d rat nhieu khoa khac, tham chi cd su canh tranh lan rd ret giua cac vien nhQng khoa khien khoa khdng the phat trien dugc bdi khong co sir dong thuan va ddng tam hiep luc cua tap the can bo giang vien khoa Til- ly dd, bai bao phan tich su can thiet phai xay dung mot mdi trudng giang day c6 sir hgp tac tdt giQa cac giang vien khoa nham danh thuc y thirc tu giac hgp tac ciia giang vien Dai hgc Da Nang ndi rieng va ciia tat ca cac co sd giao due dai hgc ndi chung Su phan tich dua tren ca sd ly thuyet cua cac to chiic hoc tap va sd lieu khao sat bang phieu hoi y kien ciia 40 giang vien ciia Dai hgc Da Nang va mgt sd trudng ban Viec chgn mau nghien ciiu dugc phan bd dong deu giQa cac doi tugng, cd su khac ve tudi, tham nien cong tac, trinh chuyen mon va chirc vu khoa Ngoai phan md dau va ket luan, ndi dung bai viet gom cd phan: Vai trd cua khoa trudng dai hgc; Xay dung khoa trd mdt td chirc hgc tap hieu qua; Su can thiet phai cd mdt mdi trudng giang day CO tinh hgp tac tdt d khoa; Cac yeu td co- ban cau mdt moi trudng giang day cd tinh hgp tac d cap khoa ciia trudng dai hgc; Mot sd kien nghj nham xay dung net van hoa d khoa VAI TRO CUA KHOA TRONG TRUING DAI HOC Trong bat ky mdt trudng dai hgc cdng lap hay dan lap, bo may quan ly hanh chinh bao gdm Ban Giam hieu va cac phdng chuc nang cd vai tro quan trgng nhung khoa - dov vi true tiep lam cdng tdc chuyen mdn, thirc hien cdc chirc ndng khdng the thay the nhu thiet ke chuong 72(10): 150- 15^ trinh ddo tgo; xay dimg, phdt trien vd ehinh sira gido trinh giang dcry vd nghien cint khoa hgc - lai cd vai trd quyet djnh ddi vdi sir phat trien cua nha trudng bdi vi khoa la mai nha ciia mgi hoat ddng chuyen mdn nen nd giQ- vai trd ndng cdt mdt trudng dai hgc (Clark, 1987; Collie & Taylor, 2004) Nhu vay cd thi noi rang khoa la don vj trung tam tao mgi su thay ddi va cai tien chat lugng dao tao ciia nha truong Vi vay, phuong hudng hoat ddng cua khoa can phai ludn phan anh rd vai tro, gia trj va muc tieu cua nd nha trudng nham thuc hien su- menh chung ciia nha truong Sir phat trien ciia mdt trudng dai hoc bat ngudn va phu thudc vao su vung manh cua tu'ng khoa Khoa la dan vi cau nha trudng nhung ddng thdi cQng la don vj boat dong dgc lap vdi bd may quan ly rieng, gdm CO Ban chii nhiem khoa va cac td trudng chuyen mdn, cd ngudn ngan sach va ddi ngu nhan sir rieng de hoat ddng De khoa co the vQng manh va dao tao cd chat luong tdt, trudc het la tap the can bd giang vien khoa phai doan ket tao mdt the thong nhat mgi hoan canh Chinh vi vay, viec xay dung mdt mdi trudng giang day cd tinh hgp tac tdt giQa lanh dao khoa vdi tap the giang vien, giQa cac giang vien vdi hay giua cac the he giang vien nham tao nen net van hda mang tinh chuyen nghiep ciia khoa la dieu het sue can thiet hien XAY DUNG KHOA TRCi THANH M O T TO CHUC HOC TAP HIEU QUA Ngay nay, cac trudng dai hgc can phai tir xem minh nhu la nhii'ng doanh nghiep, tdn chi va muc tieu phat trien cua nha trudng phai dugc xay dung dua tren nhu cau xa hoi va mong dgi ciia sinh vien Vi vay, can phai xay dung cac khoa trd nhung td chirc hgc tap hieu qua (effective learning organisations), noi ma mgi vien deu cd cam giac dugc kich thich hoc tap, dugc chia se va hd trg (collaboration and support), noi ma mgi sang kien deu dugc ghi nhan va danh gia cao (innovation is encouraged and valued) De lam dugc dieu thi phuong thirc hoat ddng 151 Nguyen Huu Quy Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE va dilu hanh ciia ban lanh dao khoa phai ludn chu trgng din yeu td co- ban ciia md hinh Balanced Scorecard: i) sinh vien, ii) tai chinh, iii) quy trinh ngi bd va iv) khdng ngung hgc tap (Nguyin, 2010), dac biet nhan manh den ylu td cudi cung nham mang lai nhQng lgi ich cao nhat cho sinh vien Mdt khoa dugc ggi la an effective learning organisation mgi vien khoa deu cd y thirc tu giac hgc tap va hgc tap cd chien thuat (leams intentionally and strategically) (Nevis et al., 1995) Viec hgc tap cd the la tir hoc hoac hgc hdi lan thdng qua cac hoat dong giang day, chia se kinh nghiem va sang kien, chuyen giao tri thuc, v.v Sir phat trien cua mdi ca nhan ddng gdp vao sir Idn manh chung cua nha trudng Mudn nhu vay, lanh dao khoa can phai ludn: a) kich thich tu sang tao va tinh than hgc tap klidng ngQ-ng cua mgi giang vien, dac biet la nhung giang vien tre vua mdi dugc tuyen dung ve khoa; b) tao mdi trudng thuan Igi cho viec giang day va nghien ciru klioa hoc, vi du nhu tao dieu kien ve thdi gian lan vat chat cho giang vien di hgc sau dai hoc, dac biet la nhQng ngudi di hgc bang ngudn kinh phi tir tuc chua du trinh de xin hgc bdng di hgc d nude ngoai, md rgng hgp tac qudc te de tim cac ngudn hgc bdng giri giang vien di dao tao tai nude ngoai; c) kich thich giang vien cd nhQng phan hdi tich cue ve tat ca cac van de chuyen mdn cua ddng nghiep hay cua khoa (tire la nang cao kha nang phe binh va tir phe binh, than than nhin rd su that) nham nang cao chat lugng day - hgc dai hgc Khi cac yeu td tren dugc thoa man, chae chan giang vien se cam thay thoai mai qua trinh giang day va giao tiep, nang cao hieu qua hgp tac SU' C A N T H I E T C U A M O T M O I TRUONG GIANG DAY CO TINH HOP TAC DE TAO THANH NET V A N H O A CUA KHOA Khi nghT den viec xay dung khoa trd mdt td chirc ma d dd cac vien tich cue ho trg lan nhau, tire la chiing ta dang nham den viec xay dung net van hda hgp tac giang day d khoa ben canh cac net van hda khac nhu van hda giao tiep, van hda danh gia 15^ 72(10): 150- 158 van hda an mac Bat ky mdt hoat ddng dac trung nao dugc lap di lap lai nhilu lan thi se tao net van hoa cho ngudi hay nhdm ngudi thuc hien no Co nhieu djnh nghTa khac ve van hda, nhien theo UNESCO: "Van hda la tap hgp ciia nhQng dac trung ve tam hdn, vat chat, tri thirc va xiic cam cua mgt xa hdi hay nhdm ngudi xa hgi va nd chua dung, ngoai van hoc va nghe thuat, ca each sdng, phuong thirc chung sdng, he thdng gia trj, truyen thdng va dire tin" (UNESCO, 2002) Nhu vay cd thi ndi, van hda la yeu td dugc sinh mot nhdm ngudi tap hgp lai mdt mdi trudng cu the, de lam viec vi nhQng muc dich nao Do do, mdi co quan deu cd net van hoa ciia rieng minh va nd tao van hda cdng sd Van hda cdng sd cd the hieu la nhung gia trj, niem tin, sir hieu biet chung cua mgi ngudi ve mdi trudng lam viec cua minh va le loi lam viec cua hg Nd dugc hinh bdi nhung ngudi lam viec chinh mdi trudng va ludn dugc xem la tai san vd hinh rat cd gia trj CLia mdt td chiic Khi ndi den van hda hgp tac d cdng sd, chung ta khdng the khdng nhd den tu tudng ve dai doan ket dan tdc cua Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh: "Doan ket, doan ket, dai doan ket Thanh cdng, cdng, dai cdng" Tir Idi day cua Bac, chung ta cd the suy rgng rang xu hudng hdi nhap qudc te ve giao due va dao tao nhu hien nay, mac du cac giang vien dai hgc van cd the tu lam mdt sd cong viec nhung nhin chung thi hg khdng the tir minh giai quyet mgi cdng viec vdi ket qua cao dugc neu thieu sir hgp tac vdi ddng nghiep Bdi vi cd su doan ket hgp tac va chia se cdng viec thi mdi thiic day tu sang tao va tri tue cua mgi ca nhan, tii' dd chat lugng giang day va nghien ciru khoa hgc mdi dugc nang len O cac nude cd nen giao due tien tien nhu Anh, Uc, Hoa Ky, sir hgp tac giang day giua cac giang vien cdn dugc the hien qua mo hinh giang day 'Cooperative teaching model" tuc la hai hay ba giang vien cd cung sd thich Nguyen HCi-u Quy Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE khoa hgc (teaching and research interests) cimg day chung mdt ldp (tat ca deu la giang vien chinh cd trach nhiem va quyen ban ngang nhau, chir khdng phai la giang vien chinh va trg giang (tutor)) Khi tham gia vao mo hinh giang day nay, cac giang vien thuc sir tin tudng Ian (trust) va cd niem tin rang md hinh giang day chung se mang lai ket qua tot Nhung giang vien sap xep thdi gian de lam viec cung hang mdt each cdi md va tdn trgng lan nhung Cling san sang chi trich lan (play off), nhien day la su chi trich cd tinh hgp tac de giiip ciing tien bd Md hinh khdng nhung mang lai Igi ich cho giang vien ma dac biet la cho sinh vien bdi vi hg ITnh hdi dugc mot khoi lugng kien thuc nhieu hon, da dang hon va quy gia hon tu' nhdm giang vien (ban than tac gia da dugc trai nghiem md hinh giang day thdi gian hgc tap tai Dai hoc Queensland, Uc) NIU khong cd su hgp tac tdt giang day, chae chan mire cdng tren buc giang ciia moi giang vien se bj gidi han d miic thap Trong mdt sd trudng hgp, su bat hgp tac cdn dan den viec giang vien thieu ton trgng lan nhau, chi trich nhau, canh tranh khdng lanh manh lan khoa hay trudc mat sinh vien Dieu se tao nen hinh anh khdng tot d moi trudng hgc dudng Do vay, phan tliQtu sau day se tra Idi cho cau hdi: Lam the nao de xay dung mdt mdi trudiig giang day cd tinh hgp tac tot d cap khoa ciia cac trudng dai hgc? CAC YEU TO CO B A N C A U T H A N H M O T MOI TRU'dNG GIANG DAY CO TINH HOP TAC TOT CAP KHOA CUA TRUONG DAI HOC Mot khoa dugc xem la cd van hda hgp tac giang day (a supportive culture of teaching) no luon thiic day tat ca cac ca nhan hay nhdm giang vien phat trien dua tren tinh than hgp tac, cdi md, chia se, binh dang va trung thuc Ddng thdi phai cd sir cam thdng, khoan dung cho mgi riii ro, sai lain neu cd (risk tolerance) Dua tren ca sd ly thuyet ciia cac effective learning organisations va kit qua khao sat y kien ciia 40 72(10): 150- 158 giang vien, tac gia de xuat nam yeu td co ban cau mot mdi trudng giang day cd tinh hgp tac tdt d khoa Mac dii nhQng sd lieu khao sat dugc cd tin cay va chinh xac nhien chi cd tinh tham khao cho bai viet Trong pham vi nghien ciru nhd, tac gia khong cd chu y danh gia tdng the mdi trudng giang day cua tat ca cac CO' sd giao due Hop tac tu nguyen va cdi md Hau het cac nha quan ly giao due deu ghi nhan gia tri ciia phuong thirc lam viec theo nhdm (team-work) va tam quan trgng cua mot moi trudng giang day cd sir hop tac tich cue giua cac giang vien cung khoa va (hoac) cung trudng Nhung theo cam nhan true quan ciia tac gia, cd mdt thuc te dang dien hien tai cac trudng dai hgc ndi rieng hay ndi rgng la tai cac co- quan, td chuc d Viet Nam noi chung la thay vi chia se y kien, kinh nghiem, tai lieu va bi quyet cua minh cho ddng nghiep mgt each cdi md de ddi ben cung cd lgi, thi van cd mdt sd ddng ngudi mudn tich liiy kien thirc cho rieng minh va han che giao luu vdi ddng nghiep cang it cang tdt hay ndi rd la nhung ngudi khdng mudn chia se vdi ddng nghiep nhung gi hg cd bdi d dau van cdn tdn tai tam ly canh tranh, hon thua vi quyen Igi Day la mdt thuc te khong thi phii nhan dugc, nhung cQng khdng de de xoa bd bdi nd dugc tao nen va rang budc bdi nhieu yeu td van hda tu- xua den That vay, chi cd 6/40 (15%) giang vien tham gia cugc khao sat cho biet ho thudng xuyen chia se thdng tin, tai lieu hay va mdi ma ho cd dugc cho dong nghiep, 37,5% giang vien cho biit chi thinh thoang mdi chia se va sd ngudi rat it chia se chilm 27,5% Dieu dang luu y la vln cdn tdi 20% giang vien chua bao gid chia se bat cu thir gi vdi dong nghiep ciia minh Nhu vay, cd the nhan thay rang van dang tin tai mot khoang each kha xa giQa nhung tuyen bd hgp tac cdi md, tuong than tuong va mdt thuc te canh tranh nha trudng Khoang each co the Idn, co the be vao hoan canh cu the va khac cua tung khoa, tung trudng 153 Nguyen Hiru Quy Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Tuy nhien, de dap ung yeu cau giang day hien nay, ddi hdi ngudi giang vien phai la nhirng nha khoa hgc thuc thu, nhat thiet can phai cd mdt mang ludi ket ndi cac giang vien cung chuyen nganh, sd thich de chia se thdng tin va trao ddi chuyen mdn 31/40 (77,5%) giang vien nghT rang can thiet phai cd sir chia se giang day; tao dung cho dugc khdng lam viec cdi md, trung thuc va khoan dung cdng tac vdi tren tinh than ddi ben cung cd lgi de nudi dudng niem dam me giang day va nghien ciiu khoa hgc Ngoai ra, sir nhiet tinh hd trg va chia se tir Ban chii nhiem khoa, Trudng bg mdn cung khdng kem phan quan trgng (29/40) Nhu vay, chiing ta thay cd sir tuong dong giu'a sd giang vien cho rang can phai hgp tac giang day (77,5%o) va sd giang vien da timg chia se tai lieu cho dong nghiep dii thudng xuyen hay it (80%)) Sinh hoat chuyen mon thu-ong xuyen Theo Austin & Baldwin (1991), cd Igi ich giang vien khoa thudng xuyen tuong tac vdi nhau: i) nang cao nang lire giang day va nghien ciru khoa hgc, ii) kich thich sir phat trien tri tue va tu sang tao va iii) giam sir cd lap - tach rdi theo cac phuang phap giang day truyin thong Dong y vdi Austin & Baldwin, Massy et al (1994) rang sir tuong tac thudng xuyen se la nhan td tich cue, hd trg cho viec giang day dat hieu qua cao hon Minh chung cho cac nhan djnh tren, 45%o giang vien tra Idi "ddng y" doi vdi cau hdi: "Anh (chj) cd cho rang mgi giang vien cAn phai tuong tac, gap gd thudng xuyen tai khoa de trao ddi ve van dl chuyen mdn hay khdng?" va 22,5%) giang vien lira chgn phuong an tra loi "rat ddng y" Tuy nhien, kit qua khao sat thirc te lai khdng ghi nhan sir thudng xuyen cua cac budi sinh hoat td chuyen mdn djnh ky tai khoa Chi cd 12,5% giang vien cho biet hg sinh hoat td chuyen mdn lan / tuln, 22,5%) giang vien hgp td chuyen mdn lan / thang 154 72(10): 150-158 Dieu dang ngac nhien la cd den 27,5% giang vien cho biit chi sinh hoat td chuyen mdn lan / hgc ky khdng cd thdi gian de tap hgp tat ca cac vien lai Day la mdt ti le kha thap, nhien cung mgt thuc te hien la ti le sinh vien tren giang vien (SV/GV) d cac trudng dai hgc Viet Nam cdn kha cao, cho nen hau het giang vien phai day qua tai, khdng cd nhieu thdi gian gap d khoa hay sinh hoat chuyen mdn Theo Dai dien cua 280 trudng dai hgc, cao dang ca nude tham du hdi thao "Danh gia - xep hang cac trudng dai hgc va cao dang" dugc td chirc tai phd Hue vao 16/4/2010, ty le trung binh SV/GV cua 376 trudng dai hgc, cao dang ca nude la 28 SV/1 GV, ti le quy dinh trung binh chung cua Bd Giao due va Dao tao cho tat ca cac nganh la 20 SV/1 GV (Thanh Nien Online, 2010), cdn ti le cu thi cho tung nhdm nganh Khoa hgc Ky thuatCdng nghe, Khoa hgc Xa hdi, Y dugc va Nghe thuat thi khac Quan ly va giao tiep coi md De tao dugc mgt mdi trudng lam viec than thien nhat thiet tat ca giang vien phai dugc tham gia vao qua trinh quan ly khoa tiic la ca nhan tung giang vien va cac to chuyen mon deu phai dugc tham khao y kiln trudc khoa cd mdt chii truong, quyet djnh gi Ddng thdi, mgi y kien ddng gdp ciia hg, bat kl tuoi tac - tham nien cdng tac - hgc ham - hgc vj, deu phai dugc tdn trgng va can nhac Neu co CO hdi dugc tham gia vao nhirng hoat dong nhu the, chae chSn giang vien se cam thay tieng ndi cua hg cd gia trj va khoa la ngdi nha thir hai cua chinh hg (ownership), hg se het siic hgp tac vdi nhau, vdi ban chii nhiem khoa de xay dung khoa cang vung manh Tuy nhien, kit qua khao sat cho thSy chi cd 37,5%) giang vien cd cam giac ownership dii vdi khoa, 30%) giang vien cam thay khdng co cam giac dd va 32,5%) giang vien cdn lai thi hien thai bang quan bang each tra Idi "khdng cd y kien" dugc hdi "Anh (chj) co cam thay khoa nhu la ngdi nha thu hai cua minh khdng?" Nguyen Hiru Quy Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE De giai quyet van de tren, 65% giang vien tin rang dieu phu thudc vao phong each lam viec va sir cdi md each dieu hanh cua ban chii nhiem khoa, dac biet la Trudng khoa Mot so lieu dang chii y va khdng kem phan thu vi la CO den 62,5% giang vien ddng y hoac rat dong y rang uy tin ve hgc thuat, phong each lam viec cua Trudng khoa cd anh hudng rat Idn den thai lam viec cua tap the giang vien dac biet la nhung giang vien tre mdi dugc tuyen dung ve khoa, chi 20% giang vien chua y thirc tam quan trgng cua yeu td So lieu khao sat phu hgp vdi quan diem cho rang can phai lua chgn nhimg ngudi cd tinh than hd trg nhan vien va lam viec hieu qua vao ban lanh dao khoa bdi vi hg nhu la nhung dau tau viec huy ddng siic manh tap the cua toan bd giang vien (Lucas, 1994) Ngoai ra, uy tin khoa hgc va phong each lam viec ciia nhiing giang vien dau dan khoa nhu cac giao su / phd giao su, tien sT, giang vien chinh, td trudng bd mdn, cung rat la quan Trong dd, dang chu y la nhung giang vien cd lam cdng tac hudng dan tap sir cho giang vien tre Tai Hoa Ky, cac trudng hgc cd chuong trinh huan luyen giang vien tre rat chuyen nghiep, dd chi nhQng giang vien CO uy tin cao ve hgc thuat lan kinh nghiem song mdi dugc chgn lira de hudng dan tap sir cho giang vien tre vi nhung ngudi khdng chi truyen dat kinh nghiem giang day ma cdn ho trg ve mat tam ly cho cac giang vien tre (Ferguson & Johnson, 2010) That vay, 22/40 giang vien dugc khao sat cung xem trgng vai tro ciia giao vien hudng dan tap sir va tin rang tinh each, phong each lam viec cua hg se cd anh hudng rat Idn den phong each va le loi lam viec ciia giang vien tre sau Co van hoa danh gia giang vien Danh gia giang vien la mdt nhung hoat dong quan trgng va la thudc chu dao viec danh gia hieu qua giang day cua giang vien nham nang cao chat lugng giao due Cd nhieu ngudn danh gia khac nhung bai viet chi de cap den viec giang vien danh gia giang vien van hda hgp tac d khoa Hoat 72(10): 150- 158 ddng danh gia giang vien khdng phai la mdi me ddi vdi cac nude cd nen giao due tien tien nhu Hoa Ky, Anh, Uc nhien cdn kha xa la vdi nen giao due ciia Viet Nam chiing ta Hien nay, d cac trudng van dang tdn tai hinh thiic danh gia nhu du gid djnh ky, thao giang de thi giang vien gidi hay de dang ky thi dua nhung nhin chung la nhimg boat ddng van cdn mang tinh hinh thirc 33/40 giang vien cho rang danh gia cua ddng nghiep la thuc sir can thiet va cd hieu qua tdt, nhung van cdn nhieu han che qua trinh trien khai hien Dieu dd cho thay nen giao due cua chiing ta chua thuc sir cd van hda danh gia va chua cd van hda hgp tac tdt Theo khao sat cua Massy et al (1994), nhirng khoa thudng xuyen coi trgng chat lugng giang day va cd su hgp tac tdt giua cac giang vien deu la nhung don vj cd truyen thdng tdt ve hoat ddng danh gia giang vien, ludn xem trgng y kien danh gia cua ddng nghiep, cua trudng khoa, cua cac nha tu van giao due va cua chinh sinh vien Hg ludn xem dd nhu la nhirng Idi nhan xet mang tinh hgp tac de mgi ngudi cung hoan thien ban than minh hon chir hoan toan khdng mang tinh chat canh tranh Day la nhQng ngudn thdng tin phan hdi cue ky quan ddi vdi nhung giang vien cd tinh than cau tien, nhat la ddi vdi giang vien tre Quan he binh dang giira cac the he giang vien Nhu chiing ta thay, sd nhieu di san tu tudng ma Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh da de lai, tu tudng ve binh dang dan tdc cd y nghTa gia trj nhan van sau sac, dat nen mdng cho viec ciing cd, xay dung khdi dai doan ket toan dan Lien he din mdi trudng hgc dudng, can khuyen khich phuong phap lam viec theo nhdm, nhung de cdng viec cua nhdm dat hieu qua cao thi can phai cd sir binh dang giua cac the he giang vien Dieu cd nghTa la mgi ngudi can phai hgc each tdn trgng pham gia, nang lire, y kien ciia ddng nghiep va lam viec ciing vdi tinh than trach nhiem cao Kit qua khao sat cho thay, lam viec theo nhdm, sinh hoat chuyen mdn theo td, 32,5% cho rang y kien ket luan cudi cimg thudng 155 Nguyen Huu Quy Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE thudc ve nhung giang vien cd y kien hay, sang kien tdt bat ke hg la Day la mdt tin hieu vui ve su binh dang giao tiep tai cac khoa, nhien van cdn 27,5% cho rang y kien cua Trudng khoa, Trudng bd mdn ludn ludn dugc coi trgng, cho du ddi nd chua dugc thau dao; tiep theo la y kien cua giang vien cd nhieu kinh nghiem (20%) va 20% cdn lai chia deu cho ddi tugng la giang vien Idn tudi va ngudi cd hgc vj cao mot khia canh khac, cac budi sinh boat chuyen mdn, neu chua hai Idng ve ddng nghiep (la nhung ngudi tre tudi, it kinh nghiem hon) thi cac giang vien Idn tudi-cd nhieu kinh nghiem nen nha nhan chia se, hudng dan chii' khdng nen gay gat hay td thai cugc hgp Ngoai ra, khdng nen thap uy tin, nang luc cua ddng nghiep trudc sinh vien (vi du nhu phu nhan thang thung nhung thdng tin ma giang vien nao dd da cung cap cho sinh vien thdi gian trudc) Tren day la hai dieu tdi ky vi se gay anh hudng den uy tin cua giang vien va pha vd su hgp tac can thiet ngi bg khoa M O T SO KIEN NGH! De thuc hien tdt dugc nam yeu td co ban neu tren, nha trudng ndi chung va khoa ndi rieng can phai ludn quan tam den cac van de sau day: Giam tai gid len ldp de giang vien cd thdi gian trao ddi chuyen mdn, nghien cuu khoa hgc va tu van hgc tap cho sinh vien Hoat ddng tu van hgc tap cho sinh vien cung la mdt nhung hoat ddng co ban, cd tinh bat budc ddi vdi giang vien d cac nude phat triln Cd che khen thudng hgp ly va kjp thdi ddi vdi nhQng giang vien cd tich giang day va nghien cuu khoa hgc, cd tinh than hgp tac va chia se vdi ddng nghiep (cd the thuc hien bang each binh chgn hang thang) Khi nhan dugc su ddng vien kjp thdi thi nhQng giang vien cang tich cue xay dung mdt mdi trudng giang day cd tinh hgp tac hon nham tao net van hda dac trung mdi trudng hgc dudng Tao CO hdi de giang vien cua cac khoa cd su giao luu vdi (khdng chi lien quan den 156 72(10): 150- 158 chuyen mdn ma tat ca nhung van de khac cugc song) bdi vi hgp tac la nhan to thuc day sir sang tao, sir tin tudng lan giua cac vien Trong qua trinh sinh hoat chuyen mon mgi ngudi can phai biet lang nghe, thau hieu va chia se lan Sir hgp tac se cd hieu qua nhat cac ben cung hudng tdi viec xay dung mdt mdi quan he tu nguyen, mgi ngudi deu cd kT nang lang nghe mdt each tich cue Va dac biet la td trudng bd mdn hay trudng khoa phai la ngudi thuc su cd vai trd quan trgng td chuc Chi tuyen dung nhung irng vien co tinh than hgp tac, cd kha nang lam viec theo nhom, cd kha nang nghien ciru khoa hgc mdt each dgc lap, cd ky nang giai quyet van de, san sang chia se kien thuc vdi ddng nghiep vao lam giang vien cua trudng Khdng khuyen khich tuyen dung nhung ngudi theo chu nghTa ca nhan va cd tam ly canh tranh, hon thua De phat hien dugc nhQng td chat nay, hdi dong tuyen dung ciia cac trudng hoan toan cd the lam dugc bang each dat cac cau hdi lien quan den ky nang giao tiep va irng xu', ky nang giai quyet van de, ddng luc va tham vgng cua cac ung vien qua trinh phdng van Ddi vdi nhung giang vien dang thdi gian tap sir, khoa can chgn lira ky va cu nhQng giang vien cd tinh than hop tac tdt, sdng hoa nha, cd kha nang lam viec theo nhdm, cd kha nang nghien ciru khoa hgc tdt, hudng dan tap sir cho nhung giang vien tre bdi vi day la yeu td rat quan trgng Mdt giao vien hudng dan tap su than thiet se de dang giiip giang vien tre tao lap quan he vdi ddng nghiep, ddng thdi ho cung la ngudi lam cau ndi cho su hgp tac, cdng tac va phat trien ciia giang vien tre sau Trong nhieu tinh hudng, nhung dac tinh tot ciia ngudi giao vien hudng dan se anh hudng va co hieu qua tich cue den giang vien tre Mudn ngudi mdi cd tinh than hgp tac cong viec, hay chae chan rang ngudi hudng din cung cd dugc tinh than Ban chu nhiem cac khoa khdng nen qua coi trgng su cdng cua bat ky mgt ca nhan nao, cho du ngudi la ai, vi dieu se lam Nguyen Hu:u Quy Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE anh hudng den mdi quan he giQa cac ddng nghiep Mudn qua trinh quan ly hudng tdi viec thiic day sir hgp tac, ban than nd phai mang tinh hgp tac va dugc danh gia bang each ung xii- mang tinh hgp tac Tuc la mgi ngudi khoa deu cd vai trd nhu nhau, binh dang nhu qua trinh thao luan, lam viec, khong dua tren y kien chu quan hay dja vj cua mot ca nhan nao de ap dat len tap the qua trinh lam viec theo nhdm Tuc la thay vi nhQng cuoc thao luan mang tinh cap tren - cap dudi, giua giang vien Idn tudi va giang vien tre, chiing ta hay khuyen khich viec thao luan mang tinh hgp tac va binh dang Dan dan, nhung thdi quen lam viec de khac sau va tao van hda hgp tac cua khoa KET LUAN Noi tom lai, khoa chuyen mdn la nhQ'ng don vj trung tam cua mdt trudng dai hgc, dd giang vien la ngudn tai san quan trgng va quy gia nhat Van hda ciia khoa chinh giang vien tao va tri Nd se cd anh hudng tich cue den phong each lam viec, hieu qua cdng viec va ddng co phan dau cua chinh hg neu nhu la net van hda tdt Trong nha trudng c6 the chat lugng giang day chua cao, kha nang nghien ciru khoa hgc cdn thap, nhung viec thiet lap mdi quan he hgp tac giang day giua cac giang vien de tao mot net van hoa la dieu tat yeu phai thuc hien Mot mdi trudng giang day cd tinh hgp tac tdt chae chan se tao mdt mdi trudng hgc thuat lanh manh va cd su thdng nhat ve chuan muc van hoa giao tiep irng xir hang Liic hau het giang vien se manh dan chia se y tudng, kinh nghiem cua minh vdi ddng nghiep cQng nhu cap tren Ddng thdi manh dan nhan xet, gdp y hay tham chi la chi trich ve mot each chan tinh de cung giiip tien bo, nang cao chat lugng giao due ciia khoa, cung nhu hoan thien chinh ban than ho Khi tat ca cac khoa deu cd net van hda hgp tac giang day, chae ban nha trudng 72(10): 150- 158 se trd mdt effective learning organisation va phat trien manh, vung chae thdi dai ciia toan cau hda va nen kinh te tri thirc hien TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Austin, A T E & Baldwin, R G (1991) Faculty Collaboration: Enhancing the Qualit\> of Scholarship and Teaching ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report no Washington, D.C.: School of Education and Human Development, George Washington University [2] Clark, B R (1987) The Academic Life: Small Worlds, Different Worlds Princeton: Carnegie [3] Collie, S L & Taylor, A L (2004) Improving teaching quality and the learning organisation Tertiary Education and Management, s6 10, tr 139-155 [4] Ferguson, C J & Johnson, L (2010) Building Supportive and Friendly School Environments: Voices from Beginning Teachers Childhood Education, s6 86 (5), tr 302-306 [5] Lucas, A F (1994) Strengthening Deparlmental Leadership: A Team-Building Guide for Chairs in Colleges and Universities San Francisco:Jossey-Bass [6] Massy, W F., Wilger, A K & Colbeck, C (1994) Overcoming 'Hollowed" Collegiality Change, si 2(5(4), tr.l 1-20 [7] Nevis, E C, Dibella, A J & Gould, J M (1995) Understanding Organisations as Learning Systems Sloan Management Review, tr 73-85 [8] Nguyen, H Q (2010) Ap dung md hinh Balanced Scorecard viec quan ly trudng dai hoc Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe - Dai hoc Da Nang,s6 37, tr.l 16-123 [9] UNESCO (2002) Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity http://www.unesco.org/education/imld 2002/unve rsal decla.shtm [10] Thanh Nien Online (2010) Ti le sinh vien tren giang vien cdn cao http:/^www.thanhnien.com vn,T^lews/Pagcs/20101 6/20100418231746.aspx 157 Nguyin Hiin Quy Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 72(10): 150- 158 ABSTRACT BUILIDING A SUPPORTIVE CULTURE OF TEACHING AT FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY Nguyen Huu Quy' Da Nang University Nowadays, in the time of globalization in education, every university's department should become the effective learning organizations Therefor, building a cooperative teaching environment to create a supportive culture of teaching at each department is one of the most crucial elements contributing significantly to the departments' and university's sustainable development This article studies theoretical frameworks of learning organizations where lecturers cooperate and work together effectively to improve education quality Based on the above theoretical foundation and data collected from a questionnaire investigation of 40 lecturers who are teaching at the University of Danang and some others, the author wants to analyze the necessity of a cooperative teaching climate and give out five important factors creating a supportive cuhure of teaching within a department, such as: cooperating voluntarily and friendly, having regular meetings at department, managing and communicating harmoniously, having a culture of peer evaluation of teaching and behaving equally between generations of lecturer Key words: learning organisations, supportive culture, cooperative teaching, university department, generation equity Tel: 0905.062.848: Email: nhquy@ac.udn.vn 158 ... khoa; Cac yeu td co- ban cau mdt moi trudng giang day cd tinh hgp tac d cap khoa ciia trudng dai hgc; Mot sd kien nghj nham xay dung net van hoa d khoa VAI TRO CUA KHOA TRONG TRUING DAI HOC Trong. .. nhieu khoa khac, tham chi cd su canh tranh lan rd ret giua cac vien nhQng khoa khien khoa khdng the phat trien dugc bdi khong co sir dong thuan va ddng tam hiep luc cua tap the can bo giang vien khoa. .. nien cong tac, trinh chuyen mon va chirc vu khoa Ngoai phan md dau va ket luan, ndi dung bai viet gom cd phan: Vai trd cua khoa trudng dai hgc; Xay dung khoa trd mdt td chirc hgc tap hieu qua; Su