134 Ky yeu Hdi thao Quoc te TMDT va Phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc V A N D E V f e G l A O T R l N H V A T A l L I E U GlANG DAY THL/ONG MAI DIEN TIT TS PHAM TH| THANH HONG Phd Chu nhiem BM Quan tri kinh d[.]
Ky yeu Hdi thao Quoc te TMDT va Phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc 134 V A N D E Vfe G l A O T R l N H V A T A l LIEU GlANG DAY THL/ONG MAI DIEN TIT TS PHAM TH| THANH HONG Phd Chu nhiem BM Quan tri kinh doanh Khoa Kinh te va Quan ly T r u d n g D a i hoc B a c h k h o a H a N o i TOM TAT Viec gidng day thuong mai dien tu (TMDT) hien gap rdt nhieu khd khan dd cd van de ve gido trinh ngudi gidng day mdn TMDT Ca nguoi phai hoc va tai Viet Nam hien dang gap rdt nhieu khd khan thieu ngudn tai lieu chinh thuc, cd chat luong tdt va phii hop vdi mdi truong kinh te, mdi trudng van hda xa hdi, mdi trudng trudng phap luat cong nghe, mdi tai Viet Nam De cd the ndng cao chat luong gidng day mdn TMDT, cung cap duoc mot ddi ngii nhdn cong thuc hien TMDT r r r \ r cd ky ndng va kien thuc tdt, nhdt thiet can xdy dung gido trinh va sach tham khao cho mdn hoc TMDT mot each chinh thuc vd cd khd nang phd bien rdng rai cdc trudng dai hoc Viet Nam Do vay, bai viet tap trung xem xet vao van de gido trinh va tdi lieu gidng day thuong mai dien tu cho cdc chuyen nganh thudc khoi kinh te tai Viet Nam NOI DUNG Trong nhung nam gan day, lan song thuong m a i dien t i i ( T M D T ) da bao p h u khap toan cau, khien cho cac doanh nghiep d m o i quy m d va m o i l i n h v u c k i n h doanh deu phai quan tam t d i viec dau t u va h i e n khai cac hoat ddng T M D T Hda chung v d i trao l u u ciia cac doanh nghiep h e n the g i d i , cac doanh nghiep V i e t N a m cung b i t dau nhan thiic duoc v a i t r d va t a m quan ciia cac hoat ddng T M D T d d i v d i Chirongll: Thuc tien hoat dong dao tao TMDT 135 viec phat trien t h i truong, t i m k i e m ban hang, xay dung t h u o n g hieu va nhieu hoat dong dem lai l o i ich khac cho doanh nghiep C h i n h v i vay, co the n o i T M D T la mot nhung l i n h vuc kha duoc chu y thai gian gan day T u y nhien, so l u o n g cac doanh nghiep co t h i thuc hien T M D T hieu qua, dem lai nhung l o i ich thuc su cho doanh nghiep ciia m i n h chua nhieu N g u y e n nhan co the ton tai tir nhieu khia canh: chinh sach ciia chinh phu, co so tang T M D T V i e t N a m (trong giao nhan va toan) chua hoan thien, m o i truong van hoa xa h o i chua that su thich hop, T u y nhien, iihung nguyen nhan do, can phai ke den mot nguyen nhan kha quan la su thieu hut luc luong nhan luc hoat dong T M D T dupe trang b i day d i i cac k y nang va k i e n thiic can thiet cho h i n h thiic k i n h doanh m o i me D l co the khac phuc duoc kho khan ve mat thieu hut nhan l u c co k y nang ve T M D T , can phai to chuc dao tao nguon nhan l u c cho cac hoat dong T M D T m o t each dong bo, tren m o i p h u o n g dien D a y cung la l y do, k h i e n cac t r u d n g dai hoc V i e t N a m hien dua m d n hoc va d d i k h i la ca mot chuyen nganh T M D T vao chuong trinh dao tao chinh khoa N h i n l a i thuc trang dao tao T M D T tai cac trudng dai hoc V i e t N a m , chiing ta cd the thay nhung dac d i e m sau: t h a i gian td chuc dao tao chua lau, k i n h nghiem dao tao T M D T tai da phan cac t r u d n g dai hoc tai V i e t N a m chua nhieu, sd l u o n g giao t r i n h t h i l u va chua that su h u u ich, va ban than sd l u o n g giao v i e n tham gia dao tao cung chua ctu Cd t h i thay, tir nam hoc 2006 - 2007 t r d d i m d i xuat hien nhung h i n h thiic dao tao T M D T mot each bai ban, qui c h u i n T h o i l u o n g cac mdn hoc d miic phd bien la 45 tiet, rieng trudng Cao dang K i n h te - K y thuat Cong nghiep I cd 90 t i l t va D a i hoc N g o a i thuong cd 60 t i l t N h u n g cung nhieu trudng, nhieu khoa m d i dang xay dung chuong trinh T M D T , dd cd ca nhung trudng thudc nganh Cong T h u o n g nhu t r u d n g Dao tao, B d i duong Can bd Cong T h u o n g T r u n g uong 136 Ky yiu Hdi thao Qudc ti TMDT vd Phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc Giang v i e n tham gia dao tao T M D T cung co ngudn g6c r l t khac Giang v i e n cua D a i hoc T h u o n g mai chii yeu t u chuyen nganh K i n h te va Quan t r i k i n h doanh chuyen sang, ciia D a i hoc N g o a i thuong t h i chii yeu t u dao tao, b d i duong ciia t r u o n g va ben ngoai, ciia D a i hoc K i n h te Quoc dan chii yeu t u dao tao va ngoai nuoc V a n d l bit cap nhat hien ciia doi n g u giang v i e n tham gia dao tao T M D T la s6 giang v i e n co kien thiic co ban ve k i n h doanh t h i duoc dao tao khong co ban ve cong nghe thong t i n va nguoc l a i , co rat i t giang v i e n duoc dao tao chuyen nghiep ca ve thuong m a i lan cong nghe thong t i n vien thong D o n g thoi khong d u dieu k i e n co sd t i n g k y thuat, thieu cac phan m e m T M D T hien dai hd t r o cho dao tao nen cac giang v i e n van chii y l u sii dung phuong phap giang day truyen thdng N g u d n giao trinh T M D T cung chua duoc quy c h u i n , chii y l u t u nude ngoai va thdng qua mang Internet, cu t h i gdm: cac chuong trinh dao tao T M D T d bac dai hoc, sau dai hoc cac giang v i e n sau k h i tdt nghiep d nude ngoai mang v l , chuong trinh dao tao cua cac t r u d n g dai hoc nude ngoai cung cap cong khai tren mang Internet, sach, tai lieu ciia cac tac gia nude ngoai va V i e t N a m Tat ca cac giao t r i n h m d i c h i dung d muc cung cap k i l n thiic co ban, chuyen sau den k y nang l i n g dung, an toan, bao at, toan dien t i i hay chien luge T M D T chua cd n h i l u T r o n g sd nhung l y da neu d tren, bai viet m u d n tap trung x e m xet vao van d l giao trinh va tai lieu giang day T M D T cho cac chuyen nganh thudc k h o i k i n h te tai Viet N a m X e t v l d d i tugng hoc tap va nghien ciiu T M D T , ta thay cd hai luong giao trinh va sach chinh dugc cung cap va sii dung: danh cho n g u o i hoc ve k y thuat va danh cho n g u d i hoc ve k i n h t l hoac quan t r i k i n h doanh B a i viet chi tap trung vao nghien cuu nhung van d l v l giao t r i n h va tai lieu giang day T M D T cho doi tugng la n g u o i hoc v l k i n h te hoac quan t r i k i n h doanh T r u d c het, xet theo m d hinh khung hoat ddng T M D T ma Turban (2006) dua ra, ta thay cd nhom van d l chinh can dua vao n d i dung Chicamg II: Thuc tien hoat dong dao tao 137 TMDT giang day T M D T bao g6m: (1) co so tang cong nghe, (2) n g u o i (bao g m ca khach hang muc tieu cua cac hoat dong T M D T ) , (3) chinh sach xa h o i (thue, luat phap), (4) marketing, (5) d i c h v u ho t r o (logistics, toan, n o i dung va he thong an ninh), (6) l i e n ket k i n h doanh (chuong trinh lien ket, lien doanh, t h i t r u o n g dien t u , cac hiep h o i ) De x e m xet n o i dung duoc trinh bay cac bai giang T M D T tai V i e t N a m , chung ta se quan sat bai giang duoc tong hop Bang N h i n vao n o i dung duoc thiet ke cho cac bai giang (xem Bang 1), chung ta thay it co su thong nhat ve cac noi dung duoc truyen dat cac bai giang duoc sir dung tai cac truong dai hoc tai V i e t N a m K h o i l u o n g k i e n thirc duoc truyen dat thong qua cac bai giang duoc g i o i thieu chu yeu tap trung vao van de toan dien tir, marketing dien tir va van de an n i n h mang B a n g Bdi gidng, tai mot sd truang STT gido trinh dang dugc sir dung dai hoc va cao ddng Bai giang/Tac gia/N6i dung Bai giang Thuong mai dien tu Tac gia: Le Van Huy, Dai hoc Kinh te Da Nlng Chuong Chuong Chuong Chuong Chuong Chuong Thuong mai dien tu each tiep can quan ly Cong nghe thuong mai dien tu va van de an toan mang Cac mo hinh kinh doanh thuong mai dien tu Thanh toan dien tu Xay dung du an thuong mai dien tu Tiep thj thuong mai dien tu Bai giang Thuong mai dien tu Tac gia: Nguyin Van Thoan, Dai hoc Ngoai thuong Chuong Tong quan ve thuong mai dien tu Chuong Marketing dien tu Chuong Cac quy trinh giao djch thuong mai dien tu Quy trinh kinh doanh va hop dong thuong mai dien tu Quy trinh van tai va giao nhan thuong mai dien tt> 138 STT Ky yeu Hdi thao Qudc te TMDT vd Phdt triin nguon nhdn luc Bai giang/Tac gia/N6i dung Quy trinh toan thuong mai dien ti> Chuong Luat ap dung thuong mai dien tu Chuong Quan ly rui ro thuong mai dien tu Chuong Thuc hanh Bai giang Thuong mai dien tu doanh nghiep Tac gia: Nguyin To Dung Buoi 1: Kien thuc chung ve thuong mai dien tu Buoi 2: Nhung dieu can biet ve Website Bu6i 3: Marketing true tuyen Buoi 4: Thanh toan true tuyen, An toan Bai giang Thuong mai dien tu Tac gia: Tran Thanh Di§n Chuong Khai quat ve thuong mai dien tu Chuong Kien thuc co ban ve Internet va mang Chuong Crng dung cong nghe thong tin va thuong mai dien tu doanh nghiep Chuong Duy tri va phat trien Website thuong mai dien tu (Ngudn: Tac gia tw tong hgp) N e u xet tong quat, hien tai, cac bai giang t h u o n g chii vao van de chinh: (1) Tong quan ve thuong mai dien t i i : do, trinh bay chinh nhung n o i dung ve mo hinh khai quat, mot so each phan loai, mot s6 khai n i e m , co lien quan t o i thuong mai dien t i i (2) Co so t i n g : tap trung trinh bay nhung yeu to co lien quan t d i cong nghe duoc u n g dung thuc hien thuong mai dien t i i (3) M d hinh: g i d i thieu mot sd m d h i n h t h u o n g mai dien h i doanh nghiep (4) Thanh toan: gidi thieu nhung phuong thiic toan chii y l u duoc sii dung thuong mai dien t i i (5) Giao nhan: gidi thieu ve quy trinh giao nhan Chuong II: Thuc tien hoat dong dao tao TMDT 139 (6) Marketing dien t u : g i a i thieu nhung hoat dong marketing co the thuc hien m o i truong thuong m a i dien t u , tren Internet, thong qua cac Website (7) X a y dung d u an thuong m a i dien t u T r i n h bay toan bo nhung hoat dong can thuc hien, nhung van de cac doanh nghiep can can nhac dua quyet d i n h de thuc hien thuong mai dien tir, du chi a muc g i o i thieu san pham va doanh nghiep tren Web, hoac la thuc hien t h u o n g m a i dien tir mot each toan dien N h u vay, co hai mang noi dung chinh hien chua duoc de cap t d i cac bai giang duoc x e m xet: n g u d i (chu yeu la phan tich ve - hanh v i cua khach hang T M D T ) va lien ket k i n h doanh (nhan manh vao cac dang lien doanh va hiep h d i hd tro cho hoat ddng T M D T ) Thuc te cho thay, day la hai mang cung kha quan V i e c nghien cuu ve hanh v i khach hang da tirng duoc nhan manh m d n marketing n h u mot tien de de de xuat cac chien luge marketing p h u hop v d i muc tieu k i n h doanh cua tirng doanh nghiep T r o n g m d i t r u d n g T M D T , dieu cd le cung khdng nen bd qua V a n de ve lien ket k i n h doanh cung la mot van de het sue quan Nghien cuu hoat ddng T M D T tai mot sd qudc gia cho thay, lien ket k i n h doanh cd the tao co hdi rat manh cho cac doanh nghiep vua va nhd, dac biet d cac nude dang phat trien n h u V i e t N a m X e t ve tinh ddng bd ciia cac bai giang ve thuong m a i dien tir, Bang g i d i thieu nhung ndi dung dugc trinh bay cac bai giang thuong mai dien tir Trong dd, chii vao n d i dung da dugc &k cap d tren Cd the thay, cac bai giang khdng trinh bay mot each bao quat toan bd n d i dung co ban dugc xac dinh d tren Cd nhung bai giang dugc thiet ke kha day dii, bao p h i i gan het ca ndi dung n h u bai giang ciia tac gia L e V a n H u y N h u n g cung cd nhung bai giang chi p h i i dugc rat i t (2 n d i dung) n h u bai giang ciia tac gia Tran Thanh Dien C u the hon, neu xet ve nhung n d i dung dugc trinh bay nhung bai giang ve thuong mai dien tir dugc g i d i thieu Bang chiing ta thay, phan n d i dung ve giao nhan m d i chi dugc mot bai giang 140 Ky yeu Hdi thao Quoc te TMDT va Phdt trien ngudn nhdn lire cua t i c gia N g u y e n V a n Thoan trinh bay N h u n g neu doc phan nay, co the thay, bai giang chu yeu de cap t d i quy t r i n h giao nhan he thdng Bolero.net; chua de cap t d i nhung van de mang t i n h khai quat v6 quy trinh giao nhan n h u m d h i n h giao nhan chung, nhung d d i tac tham gia giao nhan, cac m d hinh logistics phuc v u cho quy t r i n h giao nhan, B a n g Tap hop nhung thuong ndi dung duoc trinh bay cdc bdi mai dien tu dang duoc su dung tai Viet gidng Nam Noi dung STT Ten giao trinh/ Tac gia/Noi dung Bai giang thuong mai dien tu Giai thieu Ca sa tang X X Rui ro va Bao mat Md hinh X Xay EThanh Giao dirng marke dy an toan nhan -ting TMDT X X Tac gia: Le Van Huy, Dai hoc Kinh te Da Nang Bai giang thuong mai dien tu X X X X X Tac gia: Nguyin Van Thoan, Dai hpc Ngoai thuong Bai giang thuong mai dien tu doanh nghiep X X Tac gia: Nguyin To Dung Bai giang thuong mai dien tu X Tac gia: Tr&n Thanh Di$n (Nguon: Tac gia ty tong hop) X X X Chuong II: Thuc tiin hoat dong dao tao TMDT 141 K h o n g nhung chi khac ve cac van de duoc trinh bay, ban than cac bai giang cung rat khac xet ve noi dung cu the duoc ttinh bay tirng phan bai giang Co the n o i , noi dung cua cac bai giang rat thieu thong nhat N g a y phan trinh bay ve cac m o h i n h thuong mai dien t i t - mot phan co the coi la kha co ban bai giang ve thuong mai dien tir, cac bai giang cung khac viec trinh bay cac n o i dung ve mo h i n h thuong mai dien t u Co nhung bai giang trinh bay mo h i n h thuong m a i dien tir bang each tiep can theo dang thuong mai dien tir chinh B B (doanh nghiep t o i doanh nghiep), B C (doanh nghiep t o i khach hang) va C2C (khach hang t d i khach hang hay ca nhan t d i ca nhan) M o t sd bai giang thuong mai dien t i i khac lai tiep can bang each g i d i thieu cac m d hinh thuong mai dien tir l i n h vuc ban le, ban budn, dich v u , san xuat, dau gia Ca biet, cd mot sd bai giang trinh bay mot each thieu he thdng ve m d hinh thuong mai dien tir T r o n g nhung tai lieu nay, m d hinh thuong mai dien tir duoc trinh bay g d m t h u dien tir (Email), Website ban le, toan dien tir, truyen d u lieu dien t i i ( E D I ) , D i e u cd the dan den nhung each hieu sai lech ve m d hinh thuong mai dien tir De bd sung cho bai giang ve thuong mai dien tir, nhieu k h i m d i chi duoc trinh bay d u d i dang cac trang slide, hoc vien can cd them cac sach trinh bay cu the hon ve thuong mai dien tir T u y nhien, sach ve f i thuong mai dien tir da duoc i n an va cd the sii dung l a m giao trinh giang day hoac tai lieu doc them tai cac trudng dai hoc nude ta hien khdng nhieu (xem Phu luc) N e u n h u tren the g i d i , cac giang v i e n tai cac trudng dai hoc thuong thiet ke bai giang dua tren mot sd sach giao khoa nhung tac gia n d i tieng, da nghien cuu lau nam l l n h vuc thuong mai dien tir n h u Turban, Rayport, Jaworski, Schneider thi tai V i e t N a m , hau n h u chua cd mot cudn sach giao khoa hay m o t giao trinh nao duoc sir dung chinh thiic viec giang day m d n thuong mai dien t i i K h d n g nhung chi thieu ve cac tai lieu gidi thieu nhung k i e n thiic da duoc tap hop, trinh bay mot each cd he thdng, n g u d i hoc thuong m a i Ky yiu Hoi thao Qudc ti TMDT vd Phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc 142 dien t i i hien chua co ca nhung t a i lieu t r i n h bay cac k i n h n g h i e m thuc hien T M D T tai V i e t N a m hoac tren t h i g i d i H i e n tai, m o t sd m d n hoc da duoc giang day lau nam tai cac t r u d n g dai hoc n h u M a r k e t i n g , Quan l y san x u l t , Quan l y chien luge, Quan l y tai c h i n h d l u da cd n h u n g sach tham khao trinh bay v l n h u n g t r u d n g hgp nghien c u u dien h i n h cd lien quan t d i m d n hoc Dang sach van vang b o n g d d i v d i m d n thuong mai dien h i D i e u cung gay mot k h d khan khac cho giao v i e n qua trinh truyen dat k i e n thiic H a u het cac giao v i e n giang day thuong mai dien t i i , m u d n g i d i thieu nhung k i n h n g h i e m h i thuc te ciia cac doanh nghiep dang tham gia hoat ddng T M D T deu phai t u m i n h dich va thu thap h i tai lieu nude ngoai n h u n g t i n h hudng dien h i n h V i e c chi s i i dung cac tai lieu thu thap cd ngudn gdc nude ngoai m o t mat, cd t h i giiip g i d i thieu nhung t r u d n g hop cong d i l n h i n h va k h i l n cho n g u o i hoc cd dugc kha nang n h i n nhan l a i co sd l y t h u y l t d l h i l u h o n v l l y t h u y l t ; nhung mat khac, n h u n g l i n g dung m d i t r u d n g nude ngdai nhieu k h i se kha k h d hieu d d i v d i n g u o i V i e t N a m k h i d l cap t d i m d i trudng v a n hda xa l a N h u n g cong ciia cac Website dien h i n h n h u Ebay.com, A m a z o n c o m , dugc n d i t d i nhieu, nhung thuc su chua danh t n i n g nhung d i e m can t i m hieu ve T M D T cho n g u o i hgc tai V i e t N a m N h u vay, cd the thay ca n g u d i hoc va n g u o i giang day m d n thuong mai dien h i tai Viet N a m hien dang gap rat nhieu k h d khan thieu ngudn tai lieu chinh thiic, cd chat l u g n g tdt, va p h u hgp v d i m d i trudng k i n h te, m d i trudng van hda xa h d i , m d i t r u d n g cong nghe, m d i t r u d n g phap luat, tai V i e t N a m De cd the nang cao chat l u g n g giang day m d n thuong mai dien t i i , cung cap dugc mot d d i n g u nhan cong thuc hien T M D T cd k y nang va k i e n thiic tdt, nhat thiet can x a y dung giao h i n h va sach tham khao cho m d n hoc thuong mai dien h i mot each chinh thiic va cd kha nang phd bien rdng rai h o n g cac t r u d n g dai hoc Viet Nam Chuong II: Thuc tien hoat dong dao tao TMDT 143 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Bdi gidng Thuong mai dien tic, http://www.ebooks.edu.vn [2] L e V a n H u y , Bdi gidng Thuong mai dien tie, D a i hoc K i n h t l D a Nang [3] N g u y e n V a n Thoan, Bdi gidng Thuong mai dien tit, D a i hoc N g o a i thuong [4] N g u y e n To D u n g , Bai gidng Thuong mai dien tit doanh nghiep [5] Tran Thanh Dien, Bai gidng thuong [6] Turban, E va ctg, Electronic mai dien tie Commerce: A Perspective, Pearson International Edition, 2006./ Managerial