HUONG DAN QUAN LV, SU" DUNG II SU DUNG CÎ C V A T D U N G DUN NQU DE TO OflJIC CHO HOC SINH THUC HIEN CflC THf NGHIEM 0 NHfl • • • Trong day hpc bd mdn Vat li d trudng phd thdng, eic thiet bi thi ngh[.]
HUONG DAN Q U A N LV, SU" DUNG II SU DUNG CI^C V A T D U N G DUN NQU DE TO OflJIC CHO HOC SINH THUC HIEN CflC THf NGHIEM NHfl • • • ThS Difang Xuan Quy TrUdng Dai hgc SUpham Hd Npi Trong day hpc bd mdn Vat li d trudng phd thdng, eic thiet bi thi nghiem (TBTN) dupe cung cap de GV vi HS tien hinh cie thi nghiem (TN) d tren Idp hpe hoac phdng TN Tuy nhien, thdi gian day hpc d trUdng cung nhu sd lUpng TBTN ludn ban ehe nen rat can ehpn lUa cie vat dung quen thude ddi sdng hing ngiy de sfl dung vdi tfl eieh li TBTN eho cic HS thfle hien cic TN d nhi Nhieu nghien cflu cho thay cic TBTN loai niy cd rat nhieu tic dung nham phit trien cie ning Iflc hoat ddng efla HS, tao cic hflng thu, niem tin tfldng vio kien thfle, giflp HS thiy dflpc viec flng dung eic kien thfle vat li vio ddi sdng Dfldi diy, chung tdi xin trinh biy viec sfl dung cic vat dung dun nau de td chfle cho HS bac THCS (vi nhflng ngfldi yeu thieh TN vat li) tien hinh eic TN d nhi Nguyin tdc vat li ciia viec dun ndu Trong chflpng trinh vat li d trung hpc ed sd, HS dflpc biet kien thfle ve sfl trujin nhiet: nhiet Ifldng dflpc truyen tfl cie vat niy sang vat khic dfldi ba hinh thfle: 1) Ddn nhi$t: Xiy d eic vit rin kim loai Nhiet truyen dien md van dam bdo hoac dpc theo vat tfl dau ndng rut ngdn dUde thdi gian dun den dau lanh; 2) Doi lUu: Xiy Hay van dung cdc kien thUe da vdi chat Idng vi chat hgc de gidi thich vd tien hdnh Nhiet chu yeu truyen tfl dfldi cdc TN de kiem nghiem cdc li len theo phflPng thing dflng gidi dd (neu rd phUdng dn TN, bdi ldp chat bi ddt ndng (bdi ket qud TN) tU dd cd the tinh ngudn nhiet) d dfldi nhe hPn todn xem se tiet kiem dUdc bao se ndi len vi ldp lanh d tren bi nhieu (thdi gian, tien) TU ket keo xudng tiep xfle vdi ngudn qud TN hay dUa cdc khuyen nhiet; 3) BUc xa nhiet: Xiy cdo cho viec dun ndu d chat khi, chin khdng Nhiet Ldi gidi mong mudn truyen di theo mpi hfldng nhd a) Gidi thich Vi nhiet cie bfle xa dien tfl Iflpng ed ich dung de truyen Trong viec dun nau thdng vio phan ndi nen de thfldng hing ngiy, mdt ngudn giim bao phi qui nhiet cd nhiet dp cao (do cic trinh dun, ta phii trinh viec phin flng ehiy hoac hieu flng nhiet Ifldng bi mat mit tda nhiet cua ddng dien) se mdi trfldng khdng xung truyin mdt nhiet Iflpng qua quanh ndi Sfl mat mit niy diy ndi qui trinh dan chu yeu la ddi Iflu efla nhiet d kim loai li chu yeu, khdng d cic khdi sau dd, nhd sfl ddi Iflu efla quanh ndi Ifla trum mdi trfldng Idng ndi mi ngoii phan dien tich diy ndi gay sfl sdi lam cho thfle in va ddi Iflu cua khdi khdng se chin d tren nip ndi Mdt phan nhd Bdi todn dat eho HS khic li sfl bfle xa nhiet tfl De yeu ciu HS thfle hien ngpn Ifla xung quanh Vi eic TN d nhi, GV giao clio vay ta khdng nen dun qui to HS mdt bii tip nhfl sau: Cd de Ifla trum ngoii diy ndi mdt cdch tiet kiem tien cho gia vi can ngin ddi Iflu tfl phia dinh viec dun ndu vd gdp tren nap ndi de ngan sfl ddi phdn ldm giam d nhiim mdi Iflu vd ich Ngoii ra, viec dun trudng nhu sau: Nhd dun nhd nhd Ifla cdn tao eho viec ddt lUa dddy noi vd day phia tren ehiy nhien lieu hoin toin nap noi (dm dun) bdng khan hon (ngpn Ifla cd miu xanh) bong kho thi se tiet kiem dUdc de ning cao hieu suat cua qui khd nhieu tien ga hoac tien trinh ddt nhien lieu Nhin bii ngiy 30/8/2011 TAP CHi THI^ BI GIAO DMC - So 73 - 9/2011 • 27 II HUONG DAN O U A N LY, sir DUNG am dien (loai ed rudt gi d am) theo cich khdng ngin ddi Iflu bing khin bdng khd d tren Do thdi gian dun vi so sinh vdi thdi gian dun mdt Ifldng nflde tfldng tfl nhflng cd ngin ddi Iflu d nap tren bang khin bdng khd (Hinh 1) Ket qui TN Hinh Am dien co phui khan kho (Vdi cie HS ldp trd len Thdi gian dun Thdi gian dun cd ngin ddi Khdi Ifldng khdng ngin Iflu bang khan nflde (kg) ddi Iflu bdng khd Lan 1,5 10±0,5 phut 9±0,5 phut Lan 1,5 10±0,5 phut 9±0,5 phflt Can Iflu y li viec giii de thay rd tie dung eua cich thich cua HS cd the chfla dat lim niy, ed the yeu cau tinh yeu cau ve mat dien dat de Iflpng dien nang da tiet kiem Hinh Dun nho liia d day n6i va ngan d6i lUu d nap noi Ket qui TN + Phfldng in 3: Vdi cich dun nhd Ifla vi ngin ddi Iflu d phia tren nap ndi mpi trfldng hpp dun Theo ddi thdi gian sfl dung binh ga theo kieu dun niy vdi thdi gian sfl dung binh ga dun binh thfldng cua cie lan trflde dd (can cfl theo so theo doi ga) Vdi mdt gia dinh ngfldi, thfldng xuyen dun nau, eo thi Khdi Iflpng nflde (kg) Thdi gian dun dun to Ifla vi khdng ngin ddi Iflu Thdi gian dun dun nhd Ifla vi khdng ngin ddi Iflu Thdi gian dun dun nhd Ifla vi ngin ddi Iflu bang khin khd Lan 1,5 9±0,5 phflt 10±0,5 phut 8±0,5 phut Lan 1,5 9±0,5 phut 10±0,5 phut 8±0,5 phut theo chuan ndi dung khoa hpc nhflng GV khdng nen chi trich HS mi nen hfldng dan giing giii de cho HS tU diiu chinh b) Tien hdnh cdc TN - Xiy dUng phUdng in TN Tuy theo dieu kien cua gia dinh, theo die diem cua vung mien mi cie HS cd the dUa rat nhieu phUdng in khic Dudi day li mdt sd phUPng in chung tdi da thUc hien tai nhi + PhUPng in 1: Dun 1,5 kg nUdc bang dupe dun Im^ nUde vdi gii thiet cdng suat eua am dien li IkW) + PhUdng in 2: Dun 1,5kg nUdc bang mdt ndi cd nap day theo cich khdng ngin ddi lUu d tren vi dun to Ifla binh thfldng (Ifla thfldng trum ngoii diy ndi) Do thdi gian dun den sdi vi so sinh vdi thdi gian dun cung Iflpng nflde dd (d cung dieu kien nhfl nhau) nhflng dun nhd Ifla (Ifla ehi chiem 1/2 dien tich diy ndi) vi khdng ngin ddi Iflu d tren 28 • TAP CHi THlfTBI GIAO DMC-Sd 73-9/2011 thu dflde sd lieu sau: Vdi eieh dun thdng thfldng, thdi gian dung binh ga trung binh li 30 ngiy Vdi cich dun tiet kiem tren, thdi gian dung binh ga cung loai vio khoing 50 ngiy( phfldng in TN niy ddi hdi tinh kien tri rat cao vi sfl cdng tie eua mpi ngfldi gia dinh) Qua dd HS cd thi tinh dflpc li mdi nam gia dinh niy se tiet kiem dflpc khoing den binh ga Vi md rdng ra, vdi mdt trieu gia dinh neu ip dung se tiet kiem dflde mot Ifldng ga ding kl HUONG DAN phdn giam hieu Ung nhd kinh cho Trdi ddt Ket luan Vdi yeu eau dat hap dan vi khdng qui phfle tap ddi vdi HS, nhd sfl dung eic vat dung quen thude ddi sdng de thfle hien eic TN, tao eho HS sfl tfl tin la Hinh De che dp ga nho nhat cd the thfle hien dflpc nhiem niidc da soi vu Nhiem vu ed tinh md, HS ed the cd nhieu eieh Cac khuyen cio dflpc thfle hien theo dieu kien rut sau thfle hien eic d gia dinh Qua cic boat TN: ^ ^ ddng nay, HS dflpc ren luyen De tdn it nhien lieu ki ning thiet ke phflPng in dun ndu cdn dun nhd lUa d TN (Ifla ehpn dung cu TN, ddy ndi vd chdn phia tren nap len ke hoach thfle hien TN); ndi bdng vdi bdng khd, x6p ren luyen ki nang thfle hien Niu nhieu gia dinh vdn dung TN theo ke hoach dl ra; ren thi chac chdn se tiet kiem dUdc luyen eieh xfl li cic dfl lieu mdt lUdng tien khd Idn vd gdp TN thu dflpc; ren luyen tinh OUAN LY, su DUNG II kien tri, can thin vi cao hPn nfla, HS dflpc giio due y thfle bio ve mdi trfldng vdi cac giii phip cu the Theo chung tdi, rat can ed nhflng nghien cflu khai thic loai TN de sfl dung day hpc vat li d trfldng phd thdng Tai lieu tham khio Pham Trpng Ngp, Day hgc vd phUdng phap day hgc d trUdng thdng, NXB DHSP Hi Ndi, 2005 Nguyen Dfle Tham, Nguyen Ngpc Hflng, Pham Xuin Que, PhUdng phap day hgc Vdt li d trUdng thdng, NXB DHSP Ha Ndi, 2002 Cao Long Vin Vdt li dai cUdng, Tip 1, NXB Giio due, 2008 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiin X _ _ _Pj ? ^ HUGiNG DAN SUf DUNG BAN DO DIA LI (Tiep theo trang 26) thi ve hinh d^ng cua mpt sd chau hoac eic qude gia nhfl Viet Nam, Cam- pu-ehia, Lao, Trung Qude, Lien bang Nga, Phip, (Khdng yeu cau cao ddi vdi HS Cic em chi can ve dai khii, tflpng ddi) Hoac hien cd phan mem trd chpi ehi vi tri eic quoc gia tren miy vi tinh GV cd the eho HS chdi cic tiet 6n tip nham phit trien, nang cao, thinh thue viec xie dinh vi tri Dia chi trang web: http://apps.facebook com/geochallenge/?pf_ ref=sb&ref=ts Trd chdi rat hip dan ddi vdi tr8 Chinh nhd trd chdi se lim cho HS hflng thu hpc tip, tfl dd se ed y thfle tim hiiu nghien cflu vi ngiy cing yeu thich hpe tap mdn Dia li e Mot sd bien phap khac GV can xie dinh kien thfle bii mi HS can nam qua lflpc eho phu hpp de HS cd the sfl dung kiln thfle, ki ning da hpc, tfl phit hien kien thfle mdi Chuan bi he thdng ciu hdi dfla tren lflpc dd sich giio khoa vi trinh dp efla HS de dan dat HS tfl khim phi kien thfle Cic eau hdi nen thi hien dfldi nhieu hinh thfle: tfl lu^n, test (ciu dung sai, eau nhieu Ifla ehpn, cau dilnkhuyet ) Phii sfl dung bin dd dung vdi ndi dung bii hpc (day Dia li tfl nhien -> sfl dung bin tfl nhien, day Dia li hinh chinh -> sfl dung bin hanh chinh) Chi sfl dung bing sd lieu de giflp HS nhan biet dflpc die diem chfl khdng phii hpc thude cie sd lieu Thfldng xuyen sfl dung he thdng cie bii tap ren ki nang ket hpp vdi bin dd: lim cic bii tip md, danh dau, td miu Sfl dung day hpc tren phan mem Power Point de thu hflt sfl chu y cung nhfl sfl sing tao, tinh td md, tfl khim phi, cich tfl neu vi giii quyet van de cua HS Td chfle phong trio thi dua "Tim hiiu vl dia ly eho hpe sinh tilu hpe'' bang cich dd vui gifla eic ldp, td, nhdm TAP CHi THI^ BI GlAO DMC - So 73 • 9/2011 • 29 ... ed rudt gi d am) theo cich khdng ngin ddi Iflu bing khin bdng khd d tren Do thdi gian dun vi so sinh vdi thdi gian dun mdt Ifldng nflde tfldng tfl nhflng cd ngin ddi Iflu d nap tren bang khin... phut theo chuan ndi dung khoa hpc nhflng GV khdng nen chi trich HS mi nen hfldng dan giing giii de cho HS tU diiu chinh b) Tien hdnh cdc TN - Xiy dUng phUdng in TN Tuy theo dieu kien cua gia dinh,... tren vi dun to Ifla binh thfldng (Ifla thfldng trum ngoii diy ndi) Do thdi gian dun den sdi vi so sinh vdi thdi gian dun cung Iflpng nflde dd (d cung dieu kien nhfl nhau) nhflng dun nhd Ifla (Ifla