HUdnc uk HOC SINH TUDAT CAU HOI TRONG DAY HOC M O N N G O V A N O TilS PHAM THI HUE'''' 1 Neu edu hdi (CH) Id hinh thtre dgy hgc dugc bdo, hodc nhtrng gid thuylt v l ndi dung bdi hgc su dyng frong nhilu[.]
HUdnc uk HOC SINH TUDAT CAU HOI TRONG DAY HOC M O N N G O V A N O Neu edu hdi (CH) Id hinh thtre dgy hgc dugc su dyng frong nhilu phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) Ngudi thdy gidi Id ngudi cd nghe thudt neu CH Cdc tdi lieu v l PPDH Idu thudng chii h-gng d i n kr ndng dgt CH cua gido vien (GV) Tuy nhien, hrong bd'i cdnh dgy hge hien nay, viec neu CH khdng t h i Id dgc q u y i n cua GV Hgc sinh (HS) cung edn duge ddt CH, edn hge d l b i l t cdch hdi cdi g i , hdi nhu t h i ndo, b i l t cdch Idng nghe, b i l t franh bien, phdn hdi GV khdng chi trau ddi kT ndng neu CH md edn cdn ren luyen kT ndng hudng ddn HS Kr dgt CH h-ong qud frinh dgy hge Quo khdo sdt tren quy md nhd vdi 200 GV cOo 10 trudng THCS vd 10 h-udng THPT thudc finh Nam Dmh v l vd'n d l hudng ddn HS neu CH qud H n h dgy hge mgn NgCr vdn, ehung tdi thu dugc k i t qud: so GV thudng xuyen hudng ddn HS Kr dgt CH qud trinh dgy hgc Ngir vdn chilm 28% (ed'p THCS) vd 23% (cdp THPT), so GV thinh thodng hudng ddn HS tu dgt CH chiem 70% (ed'p THCS) vd 73% (cdp THPT), so GV khdng boo g i d hudng ddn HS tu dgt CH chilm 1,5% (ed'p THCS) vd 2,9% (cdp THPT) N h u vdy, so GV dd ed y thiic cho HS tu ddt CH h-ong qud trinh dgy hgc nhu mgt cdch kich thfch HS chii ddng, tfch cue hgc tdp Cung qua khdo sdt, da so GV hdi Idng HS neu CH h-ong g i d hge vd thudng khoi ggi d l giup cdc em h/ gidi ddp Id chfnh Tuy nhien, viee hudng ddn HS Kr ddt CH nhu t h i ndo chua dugc GV ddt h-ong thilt k l bdi hgc vd thudng thyc hien mdt cdch edm tfnh Chfnh vi t h i , CH cdc em neu ro chu y l u Id thdc mde v l nhirng ndi dung GV ehua gidng gidi ey t h i , hjong minh HS neu CH qud trinh nghe gidng bdi mdi vd trao ddi thdo ludn nhdm GV yeu cdu, khich le Id n h i l u H i l m ed CH dugc HS Kr dgt CH qud trinh chudn bj bdi d nhd Da phdn cdc CH chua t h i hien su tuong tdc tieh cue cuo HS vdi k i l n thiie mdi, su fim tdi d ehilu sdu, su phdn dodn hay d u •ap chi Giao due s6 (ki i 9/aon) TilS PHAM THI HUE' bdo, hodc nhtrng gid thuylt v l ndi dung bdi hgc Quo CH cuo HS, GV h i i u mi^c ndm virng k i l n thirc, kT ndng ciio HS, k i l m nghidm PPDH vd hieu qud dgy hge ciio minh, Kr dd kjp thdi d i l u chinh ngi dung, phuong phdp, k l hogch dgy hge Dd'i vdi HS, neu CH giup ren luyen khd ndng hr duy, ngdn ngtr, kT ndng gioo filp, irng x i i , thdi Kr fin h-ong hgc tdp Khi neu edu hdi, cdc em cd eo hdi dugc t h i hien bdn thdn, hinh thdnh thdi quen hodi nghi nhdn thiic cdi mdi GV thudng xuyen giup HS b i l t dgt CH vd cd kT ndng td chirc HS h/ fim k i l m Idi gidi ddp cdn gdp phdn tgo khdng Idp hgc thdn thien, ddn chu Cd t h i hudng ddn HS dgt CH nhirng finh hudng, thdi diem ey t h i sou: + Kiem tra bdi cu: thay vi GV hdi, ggi HS len trd Idi, GV ed t h i cho HS chgn bgn d l neu CH, sou dd HS trd Idi, GV Id trgng tdi Hode, GV chi djnh mgt bgn frong Idp neu CH de HS duge kilm tra trd Idi; ddnh gid d i l m ciio cd hai HS qua chd't lugng eua CH vd cdu frd Idi Viec HS hr dgt CH kilm tra bdi cung Id mdt hinh thiie/igc//idng qua thyc hdnh dgy vdi y nghTa HS dugc ddng vai ngudi dgy d l neu CH kiem tro bdi eu GV ed t h i trao quylh vd hudng ddn HS ddnh gid bgn thdng qua viec cho d i l m cdu trd Idi theo nhirng fieu chf GV neu + Kiem tra viec ty hgc d nhd: Cho HS neu CH trudc hgc bdi mdi d l kilm tra viec Kr hgc d nhd Vf dy: Sau ty dgc, ty nghien euu bdi hge vd tu lieu tham Wido d nhd, moi em hdy viit tu din CH neu vdn de minh chua hiiu ro, chua hieu rgng vd sdu nhdt hode bdn khodn nhd't? + [)gy hgc bdi mdi: Trong qud trinh dgy hge bdi mdi, yeu edu HS ghi Igi nhiing CH t h i hien bdn khodn, thdc mde cuo minh de trao ddi vdi thdy vd bgn vdo cudi budi hge Nhu vdy, HS edn phdi tich cue, chii dgng nghe gidng, ddo sdu suy * Sd Giao dye vaflaotao Nam fijnii ^^ nghT vd cd kT ndng phdn hdi mdi cd the thudng xuyen cd CH thdc mde qud trinh hgc tdp + Cung cd vd luyen tap cudi gid hgc: To chirc cho HS ldm viec theo nhdm 3-5 ngudi, mdi HS diu dugc quyen hdi, trd Idi, cho diem bgn Ludn cd mdt HS ldm trgng tdi GV trg giup HS vai trd ngudi dilu phdi vd ddnh gid + Hudng dan HS tu bgc a nhd: Cho HS tu CH, bdi tdp HS se cd eo hdi trinh bdy nhtrng gi minh tdm ddc nhd't Tu dgt cdu hdi, HS bdt budc phdi fim hiiu kT bdi (dl hiiu hodc nhdn vd'n d l chua hieu) Qua ddy, GV cd t h i dugc miic ndm viing kiln thirc, kT ndng cung nhu thdi hgc tdp cua mdi HS + Cdc bdi dn tap: Tuy thdi lugng vd ndi dung bdi hgc, GV cd t h i td chire hudng ddn HS h/ dgt CH de he thd'ng hdo kiln thirc vd ren kT ndng dd hgc Kit hgp hinh thirc cdc nhdm thi gidi CH, gidi bdi tgp nhanh cd thudng, GV cd t h i phdt huy cao finh tfch cue, chii ddng cua HS h-ong hge tgp ddng thdi tgo khdng khf Idp hgc sdi ndi, sinh ddng, hieu qud + Cdc bdi hgc vi tdc gid, giai dogn vdn hgc: Do kiln thiic dd dugc h-inh bdy SGK, nen GV cd t h i td chue dgy hgc bdng each hudng ddn HS hf dgt CH kit hgp hinh thiic hogt dgng nhdm, Mdi nhdm cii mgt ngudi dilu hdnh nhdm HS ndy se neu cdc CH v l bdi khdi qudt tdc gid, gioi dogn vdn hgc Cdc thdnh vien nhdm thdo ludn v l nhihig CH ndy Mgt HS tdm tdt Igi cdc ndi dung vira thdo ludn Cd nhdm xdc djnh nhihig kiln thirc ehua hiiu, nhung khdi niem khd, cung sogn CH d l neu vdi GV Cdc nhdm khdc filn hdnh Krong h/ vd sou mgt thdi gion nhd't djnh, GV thu thdp dugc nhtrng y kiln dgi dien cuo cdc nhdm v l cdc vdn de khd dudi dgng cdc CH GV td chuc thdo ludn cd Idp, nhdm ndy cd thi gidi ddp CH cua nhdm CH ndo dugc gidi quylt thdo ddng GV khdng cdn neu Igi, chi tdp h-ung gidi ddp cdc CH chua dugc cdc nhdm h-d Idi dting Ngudi ta thudng ndi hgc dihiiu, hge dihdi, hgc dihdnh HS mud'n dgt dugc CH dung, trung, tien cao hon nira Id hay, cdn cd kiln thiic v l van de hdi thdng qua qud trlnh hj hgc, h/ dgc; cd suy nghT, bdn khodn, thdc mde v l ndi dung bdi hgc, hie Id phdi tfch cue, chu ddng h/ Ddng thdi, HS edn bilt diin dgt thdc mde bdn khodn thdnh CH (cd kT ndng sii dyng thdnh thgo filng Viet nhu mgt phuong fien gioo filp, mdt cdng cy hr duy) Tdt cd nhimg dilu ndy cdn su ho frg, hudng # ddn, ren luyen thudng xuyen cua GV vd nd luc cuo moi ed nhdn HS Dd'i vdi GV, trudc hit, cdn ndng cao kT ndng dgt CH, kT ndng ddn nhdp, kit thuc, gidng gidi, biln hda, phdn hdi ; chu ddng xdy dyng ke hogch bdi hgc, phd'i hgp thdnh thgo cdc phuong phdpvdkTthudtdgyhgc,uyln chuyen linh hogt h-ong td chire cdc hinh thirc hogt dgng gido dye Ddi vdi GV khdng dugc ne trdnh CH ciia HS, h-di Igi nen gidi ddp thuylt phuc, thdu ddo khiln HSfintudng v d n l phye Thdi diem thfch hgp d l HS Kr dgt CH thudng Id sou hgc kiln thirc mdi N l u GV kjp thdi gidi ddp se khuy^ khfch dugc ham mud'n phdn hdi cuo HS GV cung cdn cdn cii vdo mye fieu, ngi dung bdi hgc d l nhdn dien, phdn logi CH cua HS, Kr cd nhimg cdch ung biln linh hogt mang tinh djnh hudng, kjp thdi; phdi Idng nghe CH cuo HS, cd cdch ung xii phii hgp vdi dd'i tugng hdi, thdi gian, ndi dung CH, myefieubdi hgc Ngodi ra, phdn phd'i chuong Hnh, tu lieu tham khdo, phuong fien dgy hgc cung Id nhihig y l u to cdn thilt tgo dilu kien thudn Igi cho GV hudng ddn HS Kr dgt CH qud frinh dgy hgc mdt cdch hieu qud Mdt y l u to dgc biet quan trgng niia Id finh thdn Kr hgc, thdi quen, nhu cdu dugc hgc hdi cuo HS hien Thdi quen Kr hgc, nhu cdu hgc hdi ciio HS phdn nhilu sy djnh hudng, ren luyen cua gia dinh Kr nhd Nha trudng filp Kic ddng vai fro quan h-gng h-ong viec ddi mdi PPDH, ddi mdi kilm tro, ddnh gid d l giup ngudi hgc coi viec hgc thuc su Id nhu cdu Id co hdi Id quyin Igi nhu khdu hieu UNESCO dd neu hgc d l hiiu, hgc deldm, hge di chung sdng, hgc di khang djnh minh Hudng ddn HS h/ dgt CH Id mdt bien phdp de cao vd ed t h i hda chu t h i ngudi hgc, ddng thdi chinh Id cdch co bdn hudng ddn phuong phdp hgc tgp cho HS - dilu md Thomas Friedman h-ong Thi gidi phang dd sdm cdnh bdo: «kTndng dau tien vd quan trgng nhd't md bgn cdn cd mgt thi gidi hien dgi Id khd ndng «hge phuang phap hgc" - nghTa Id thudng xuyen tiip thu vd hgc hoi nhung phuang phdp mdi dildm nhung cong viec cu hay nhung phuong phdp mdi di ldm nhung cdng viee mdi Trong mdt thi gidi nhu vdy Idiong chi kiin thuc md cd phuang phdp hge hoi cua bgn mdi tgo gid trj rieng Bdi nhung kiin riiuc bgn ed ngdy hdm se trd nen loi thdi nhanh han bgn tudng nhieu" (Theo NgOr vdn 12 ndng cao, tgp 1, h- 41) O (Xem tiip trang 42) Tap ehi Giao due s6 (ki i • 9/aoi D ddt, chua vdn dyng kiln thiic vdo thuc t l , chua phdt huy dugc tfnh tfch cue, sdng tgo cuo HS - Sinh hogt td chuyen mdn frong cdc frudng TH ddi cdn mang tfnh hinh thiic Viec du gid, frao ddi kinh nghiem giira GV frong cdc hxrdng cdn gap khd khdn, frong dd, cd nguyen nhdn ve thdi gian O mdt so viing miin, ddi sd'ng cung nhu CO sd vdt chd't cdn ngheo, so lugng HS d mdt so Idp cdn ddng (40-65 em) nen rd't khd td chiic ddi mdi PPDH Dd'i vdi nhihig vung khd khdn, thiiu thdng Hn, cd rdo cdn v l ngdn ngir, ddi sd'ng vdt chd't, Hnh thdn cimg vdi co sd, frong thilt bj DH thieu thdn, GV khdng yen tdm cdng tdc cOng dnh hudng khdng nhd din chd't lugng DH mdn Todn Gidi phdp di ndng coo chd't lugng DH mdn Todn a TH hien Id: DH tich eye vd ndng cao ndng luc ddi ngu GV Trong dgy hgc, GV Id nhdn to' quylt djnh chdt lugng gido dye Vi vgy, cdn tgo cdc dilu kien v l ddi sdng cho GV de hg tam huyet vdi nghi, tdn tay vdi cdng viec, yeu thuong hgc frd vd hr bdi dudng ndng cao ndng luc chuyen mdn Cdn ndng coo ndng luc cho ddi ngu GV TH v l : - Mye fieu, ndi dung, yeu cdu cuo chuong frinh d TH; dgy hgc, kiem tro ddnh gid kit qud hgc tdp cua HS theo chudn kiln thiic, kT ndng vd phu hgp voi dd'i tagng HS; - Bilt ddng vien, khuyin khfch HS thom gio tich cyc cdc hogt ddng hgc tdp; - Xdy dyng mdi frudng hgc tgp thdn thien (Idp hgc thdn thien, gid hgc thdn thien, phdng hgc thdn thien, GV thdn thien, he l>gn thdn thien ) DH mdn Todn cdn phdi gdn vdi cudc song hdng ngdy cuo cdc em, tgo cho HS hiing thii, say me fim tdi, sdng tgo; cdn kit hgp giira dgy kiln thiic vdi dgy ngudi, vdn dyng nhudn nhuyen ta frue quon (quan sdt), hogt ddng (ldm theo, ciing ldm) din hinh thdnh kiln thiie mdi, thuc hdnh, dp dyng vdo thue Hen Khi dgy hgc, cdn dgc biet chu y din tang dd'i tugng HS theo kit qud hgc tdp (gidi, khd, trung binh, ylu), frinh nhdn thiic, kTndng tfnh todn (nhanh, chfnh xdc ), khd ndng diin dgt (frdi chdy, luu loot, ), frinh bdy bdi gidi (ggn gdng, sgch se ), thdi hgc top (chdm chi, cdn thdn, h/ fin ); quan tdm, giup dd HS cd hgc luc y l u , bdi dudng HS gidi; ddrig vien, khuyin khfch cdc em hgc Todn, td chirc cdc cdu Igc fsd Todn hgc GV cdn tdng cudng sii dyng cdng nghe thdng fin DH nhung khdng nen qud Igm dyng gido dn dien tii; chu y trang bj kT ndng tfnh todn vd phdt friln ndng luc ta todn hgc cho HS # Chuong trinh bdi dudng thudng xuyen cho GV TH gioi dogn 2011-2015 dd dugc Bd GDOT han hdnh theo hudng ndng coo ndng luc cho ddi ngu GV vdi phuong thiic tu bdi dudng theo cym frvdng Cdn bdi dudng thudng xuyen cho ddi ngu GV, td chirc sinh hogt theo chuySn d l tgi frudng, cym frudng Td chirc DH tfch hgp hogc chuyen mdt sd' mdn hgc thdnh hogt ddng, tgo dilu kien d l HS duoc filp cdn vdi todn hoc mdt cdcfinfie nhdng, hiing thu hon O cdc frudng su phgm cd ddo tao GV TH, cdn tilp KIC ldm td't hon nira cdng tdc ddo tgo GV, ddp irng yeu cdu ddi mdi chuong frinh, ngi dung, PPDH mdn Todn giai dogn mdi.Q (1) Th6ng tin BO Giao due \k Dko tao, 2010 Tai lieu tham khao Ho^ng Mai Le "Day hpc phii hgp vdi cSc d6i tugng hoc sinh di thuc hien chuin Id^n thuc ki nSng mdn Todn d tilu hpc Tap chi Gido due, s6' 237/2010 Vu Gi^o due tilu hpc Huong din thuc hien mdt s6 vSn ban quy pham phap luat giao due tieu hoc NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2011 SUIVir^ARY The article notes some Issues relating to Mathematics teaching In Vietnamese primary schools after nearly 10 years of new syllabus and textbooks Implementation Hirdng dan hoc sinh (Tiip theo trang 34) Tai lieu tham Idido Trdn Ba Ho^nh DSi mdi phuung phap day hoc, chuung trinh va sach gido Idioa NXB Dai hoc su pham, H 2010 Su Khi€t Doanh - ChSax Tu Min KI ning t6 chuK, kl nSng bien hda giing day NXB Gido due Viit Nam, U 2009 Ntiiem Ho^n - Luu Dilm Quyen - Phuong Dai Bing - Hang Chi Vi KI ning phdn h6i, kl ndng luyen tap NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2009 Su Khilt Doanh - Luu Tilu H6a KI nSng giang giai, k! nang ngu va^n d^ NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2009 Robert J.Marzano (Nguyin Hihi Chau dich) Nghf thuat va Idioa hoc day hoc NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H.2011 SUIVIMARY In teaching In general, teaching philology in particular, questioning skills Is necessary not only for teachers but even for students The article mentioned some hints guiding students to put questions themselves In specific situation and time Tap ehi Giao due so (ki i »/aom ... huy cao finh tfch cue, chii ddng cua HS h-ong hge tgp ddng thdi tgo khdng khf Idp hgc sdi ndi, sinh ddng, hieu qud + Cdc bdi hgc vi tdc gid, giai dogn vdn hgc: Do kiln thiic dd dugc h-inh bdy... phuang phdp mdi dildm nhung cong viec cu hay nhung phuong phdp mdi di ldm nhung cdng viee mdi Trong mdt thi gidi nhu vdy Idiong chi kiin thuc md cd phuang phdp hge hoi cua bgn mdi tgo gid trj... ddt, chua vdn dyng kiln thiic vdo thuc t l , chua phdt huy dugc tfnh tfch cue, sdng tgo cuo HS - Sinh hogt td chuyen mdn frong cdc frudng TH ddi cdn mang tfnh hinh thiic Viec du gid, frao ddi kinh