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Q U Y T R I N H X A Y D U N G B A I T A P K I E M T R A , D A N H G I A M O N K H O A H O C L O P 4 • Bai tap (BT) Id mdt trong nhung cdng cu ddnh gid (DG) quan trong, duqc hau het gido vien (GV) tieu[.]
QUY TRINH XAY DUNG BAI TAP KIEM TRA, DANH GIA M O N K H O A H O C • L O P O B tap (BT) Id mdt nhung cdng cu ddnh NGUYEN TH| DUYEN* sinh vdt ndy Id thuc dn ciia sinh vdt kia; ve thai do: co y thuc cung cap day dii cdc thiic an cho cdy trong, vdt nudi; cd y thuc diet tru nhung sinh vdt gay hai, chdm sdc, bdo ve nhung sinh vdt cd ich cho mua mang vd ngudi; + Yeu cdu phdt trien: sau hoc xong, ve kien thuc: HS cd the neu duqc mdi quan he ve thiic dn ciia mdt sd lodi sinh vdt ngodi SGK; ve kTnang: van dyng kien thiic dd hoc vdo gidi thich mdt sd tinh hudng thyc te cudc sdng; - Ngi dung bai hgc: + Mdi quan he giua yeu td vd sinh vd yeu td huu sinh; + Sa mdi quan he thiic dn giua cdc sinh vdt Lap ke hoach xdy dyng BT Dya vdo myc tieu, ndi dung ciia bdi hoc, GV cd the dua cdc dang BT, sd luang BT phu hqp vdi rung myc tieu, ndi dung ciia bdi, ddng thdi ddm bdo dii myc tieu, ndi dung cdn DG, phu hqp vdi trinh dd HS, tranh trudng hqp thua hodc thieu BT cdn luang ddi vdi moi myc tieu De ddm bdo yeu cdu tren, cd the su dyng bang ma tran hai chieu: mdt chieu bieu thi cdc ndi dung DG (ve kien thiic: DG cdc miic dd biet, hieu, dp dyng; ve kT ndng; ve thdi dd), mdt chieu bieu thi cdc ndi dung bdi hoc cdn DG Vi dy: Trong bdi «Quan he thuc an tu nhien", vdi cdc myc tieu vd ndi dung KT, DG dd xdc djnh d tren, GV cd the xdy dyng duqc bdng ma trdn hai chieu nhu sau (xem bdng) gid (DG) quan trong, duqc hau het gido vien (GV) tieu hoc su dung DG thudng xuyen cdc mdn hoc d tieu hoc Mdn Khoa hgc a tieu hoc cung cap cho hoc sinh (HS) nhung kien thuc khd todn dien ve tu nhien vd sue khde ngudi Viec xdy dung BT mdt each cd he thdng vd khoa hoc de kiem tra, ddnh gid (KT, DG) ket qua hoc tap mdn Khoa hgc ciia HS Id rdt cdn thiet Tuy nhien, xdy dung BT KT, DG cdn tudn thii quy trinh ndo Id vdn de cdn it duqc de cap cdc cdng trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc Vi vdy, bdi viet gidi thieu quy trinh xdy dung BT KT, DG vd minh hoa qua vi du cu the vdi mdn Khoa hgc lap Xdc djnh muc tieu, ndi dung KT, DG - Xdc dinh myc tieu KT, DC: Ddi vdi viec xdy dyng he thdng BT, muc tieu chu yeu Id de GV ndm bdt duqc muc dd ndm vung kien thuc, ki ndng, thdi dd cua HS sau hoc xong bdi hoc, tu dd cd hudng dieu chinh phuang phap day vd hoc cho phu hqp Ben canh dd, ket qua KT, DG thdng qua he thdng BT cung cd tdc dung ddng vien, khich le tinh than hoc tap ciia HS - Xdc dinh ndi dung KT, DG: Ndi dung KT, DG duqc xdc djnh dya tren muc tieu, chudn kien thuc, k? ndng vd ndi dung ciia bdi hoc Myc tieu cua bdi hoc Id trinh dd chudn tdi thieu md HS cdn dat duqc Tuy nhien, mdt lap hoc, HS thudng cd ndng lyc khdc nen xdc djnh myc tieu bdi hoc, cdn xdc dinh duqc myc tieu co ban (ddnh cho HS yeu, trung binh) vd ^"^^^ Phan bo Kien thirc myc tieu phat then (ddnh cho HS khd, gidi) cau hoi KT Thai Ap Biet Hieu nang dp Vidy: Bai 65: Quan he thuc an tu nhien dung Noi dung kiem t r a ^ \ (Khoa hoc 4, tr 130), myc tieu KT, DG: DG muc Moi quan he giua yeu dd ndm vung kien thuc, kT ndng vd thdi dd ciia to vo sinh va yeu to 1 1 HS sau bdi hoc Ndi dung KT, DG dya tren myc huu sinh Sd moi quan he tieu vd ndi dung ciia bdi hoc: - Myc tieu bai hgc: + Yeu cdu ca bdn: sau hoc xong, HS cd thirc an giua cac sinh vat the: ve kien thuc neu duqc mdi quan he giua 1 1 Cong yeu td vd sinh vd huu sinh ty nhien; ve kT nang: ve vd trinh bay duqc sa dd mdi quan he * Tnrong Dai hoc sir pham Ha Noi Tap chi Giao due so 262 (k a • 5/201n Soqn thdo BT Co the cdn cu vdo ndi dung chuong trinh mdn Khoa hoc lap de phdn chia ndi dung kien thuc, kT ndng thdnh cdc dgng bdi cy the, tren ca sd dua each xdy dyng cho tung dang bdi, vi vdy cd the phdn chia thdnh cdc nhdm BT cd ndi dung sau: 3.1 BT ve kien thuc, bao gom: a) Nhom BT co ngi dung ve cac khai niem: (cd the xdy dyng BT de DG cdc muc dd biet, hieu khdi niem) Do vdy, cd the chia BT d nhdm thdnh cdc dang sau: - BT DG muc dd biet: dua mdt phdt bieu, yeu cdu HS dien tu cdn thieu vdo phdt bieu dd hodc lya chon khdi niem tuong ung vdi phdt bieu dd; - BT DG muc dd hieu: dua mdt sa dd the hien khdi niem, yeu cdu HS hoan thdnh sa dd dd b) Nhom BT ve sy kien, chi tiet (cd the DG HS d muc dd biet, hieu, van dyng): - BT d muc dd biet: de DG muc dd nay, cd the xdy dyng BT yeu cdu HS tim ten cdc chi tiet, sy kien tuang ung vdi ndi dung cdc chi tiet, sy kien dd; - BT d muc dd hieu: yeu cdu HS phdi gidi thich, tim hieu y nghTa cua cdc sy kien, chi tiet bdi hoc; - BT van dyng: yeu cdu HS lay vi dy tuang ty vdi cdc sy kien, chi tiet bdi hoc hodc dua tinh hudng de HS van dyng sy kien, chi tiet vdo gidi thich c) Nhom BT ve nguyen tdc (cd the xdy dyng cdc BT DG d muc dd biet, hieu, van dyng): - BT d muc dd biet: dua mdt phdt bieu, yeu cdu HS dien tu cdn thieu vdo phdt bieu hodc lya chon phuong dn dung phu hap vdi phdt bieu dd; - BT d muc dd hieu: yeu cdu HS gidi thich y nghTa cua cdc nguyen tdc; - BT van dyng: dua mdt tinh hudng, yeu cdu HS lya chon phuong dn gidi quyet dung hodc gidi thich tinh hudng dd d) Nhom BT ve phuang phap, tien trinh (cd the DG cdc muc dd biet, hieu): - BT d muc dd biet: HS phdi ndm duqc phuang phap, each thuc vd quy trinh thyc hien mdt vdn de Cd the xdy dyng BT theo hudng yeu cdu HS sdp xep cdc each thuc, cdng viec theo mdt trat ty nhdt dinh; - BT d muc dd hieu: dua phuang phap, each thuc, quy trinh thyc hien, yeu cdu HS neu ket qua, dy doan ket qua Hodc cd the xdy dyng BT theo hudng sa dd hda cdc phuang phap, tien trinh vd yeu cdu HS hoan thdnh sa dd dd 3.2 BT ve kT nang gom cdc BT DG cdc kT ndng so sanh, phdn loai, nhdn biet, gidi thich, dieu tra, van dyng: - BT so sanh: dua hai ddi tuang cy the, yeu cdu HS so sanh theo cdc tieu chi ndo dd; - BT nhdn biet, phdn loai: dua cdc tieu chi, yeu cdu HS sdp xep cdc ddi tuang vdo cdc nhdm theo tieu chi dd cho hodc yeu cdu HS nhdn biet ddi tugng theo tieu chi dd cho; - BT dieu tra: dua ndi dung dieu tra, yeu cdu HS tim hieu thyc te dia phuang, neu ket qua, nguyen nhdn (neu cd); - BT gidi thich: dua mdt tinh hudng, mdt ket qua, yeu cdu HS gidi thich li do; - BT van dyng: dua mdt tinh hudng thyc re, yeu cdu HS neu each gidi quyet hodc gidi thich ket qua cua tinh hudng dd 3.3 BT ve thai (chu yeu de tham dd thdi cua HS sau hoc xong bdi hoc) Cd the xdy dyng BT theo hudng: dua cdc y kien de HS bay td suy nghT cua minh bdng each chon: ddng tinh/ khong ddng tinh, tan fhdnh/khdng tan thdnh, Vi dy: dya tren ke hoach, cdc phuang phap soqn thdo ddi vdi tung dang BT, cd the tien hanh soqn thdo cdc BT cho bdi 65: «Quan he thuc an ty nhien" nhu sau: Bai Ddnh mui ten vd dien ten cdc chdt cdn thieu vdo sa sau de the hien dugc cdc «thuc an" cua cdy rau cdi vd cdc chdt dinh dudng dugc tao de nudi cdy: Bai Ddnh ddu x vdo[]trudc cdu trd ldi dung nhdt: Trong mdt vudn ngd cd nhieu cdy cd vd cdc vdt nhd (chau chau, ech, sdu) Mdt ngudi ndng ddn tha mdt bd vdo vudn ngd dd Con bd se dn thuc an gi?: a) QChdt khodng, ede-bo-nic, dnh sdng, nude; b)[]Cdy ngd vd cd; c) []Cdc vdt nhd Bai Dien them cdc tu cdn thieu vdo cho trong: (1) cd khd ndng su dyng dnh sdng (2) de tong hqp cdc chdt (3) (chdt bdt dudng, chdt dam) tu cdc chdt (4) (khi ede-bo-nic, nude, chdt khodng) Bai Mdt bde ndng ddn mdt vudn rau cdi Gdn day, bde thdy vudn rau xudt hien nhieu sdu vd chim sdu, cdn rau cdi thi cd nhieu cdy bj rdch Id Bde khong hieu chuyen gi dd xdy ra, em hay giup bde ndng ddn tim hieu nguyen Tap chi Giao due so 262 (ki 2.5/201 n nhan va ve sa mdi quan he ve thuc an giua rau cai, sau, chim sau: Rau cai Sau Chim sau Bai Danh ddu + vdo [ ] trudc phdt bieu md em ddng y, ddu - vdo trudc phdt bieu md em khong dong y: a) []Cdn cung cap day du cdc thuc dn cho cdy de cdy cd the tao chdt dinh dudng nudi cdy; b) QChi cdn de cdy ngodi dnh sdng, cdy se tu tong hqp nen cdc chdt dinh dudng de nudi cdy; c) []Cdn thudng xuyen bdt sdu, chau chau vd cdc vdt gay hai cho cdy Sdp xep BT Cdc BT can duqc sdp xep theo trat tu tu d i den khd hodc theo logic cua ndi dung bdi hoc Vi dy: bai 65, de thudn tien cung cd kien thuc, kTndng cua bdi hoc cho HS, cd the sdp xep theo trinh tu cua ndi dung bdi hoc SGK Cdc BT dd duqc xdy dung d myc duqc giu nguyen trinh ty nhu tren vi dd ddm bdo logic cua bdi hoc: di tu cy the den khdi quat, sau dd van dyng vdo tinh hudng cy the Xdy dyng dap dn Sau soqn thdo cdu hdi, cdn xdy dyng dap dn chi tiet, nhdm myc dich: - Chi duqc ket qua dung cho moi cdu hdi Ddi vdi nhung BT md, can phdi chi het cdc cdu trd ldi duqc coi Id dung Ddi vdi nhung BT md dy doan cdn cdu trd ldi dung nua thi phdi ghi vdo dap dn ldi chi dan nhung cdu trd ldi nhu the ndo duqc coi Id dung nhdt; - Hudng dan cho diem rung cdu hdi; - Cdn DG duqc hudng lya chon dap dn ciia HS Vi dy: Vdi he thdng BT dd xdy dyng myc 4, cd the dua dap dn: Bai (2 diem): Anh sdng (0,5 diem); ^ Khi cdc-bo-nic (0,5 diem); • / Chdt khodng (0,5 diem); chim sau * Chdt bdt dudng (0,5 diem) Chu y: ddnh mui ten sai, moi y tru 0,25 diem; khong nhdt thiet phdi dien dung thii ty nhung phdi ddm bdo cdu trd ldi dung vdi chieu mui ten tuang ung; Bai (2 diem): y 2; Bai (2 diem): Thyc vdt (0,5 diem); Mat trdi (0,5 diem); Huu ca (0,5 diem); Vd ca (0,5 diem); Bai (2 diem): Nguyen nhdn: Rau cdi bi sdu dn, chim sdu dn sdu (1 diem); Ve sa (1 diem): Bai 5(2 diem): y 1; y 3: ddu + (1 diem); y 2: ddu - (1 diem) c d i Tap chi Giao due so (k, - / 1 ) Bdng viec dp dyng quy trinh neu tren, GV cd the ty xdy dyng duqc cdc BT tuang ty, phu hqp vdi ddi tuang HS, vdi tinh hinh thyc tien d dja phuang vd phu hqp vdi myc dich DG Qua dd, GV cd the kiem tra, DG khach quan han miic dd dat duqc ve kien thuc, kT ndng, thdi dd cua HS Ben canh dd, viec xdy dyng BT theo mdt quy trinh chdt che giiip GV soqn thdo duqc nhung BT cd chdt luang, cd the DG diing, du, todn dien HS, gdp phdn ddng vien, khich le HS qua trinh hoc tap vd ndng cao chdt luang gido dye • Tai lieu tham khao Vu Thi Phuong Anh - Hoang Thj Tuyet Danh gia ket qua hoc tap & tieu hoc (tai lieu boi duang giao vien) NXB Gido due, TP H6 Chi Minh, 2006 Khoa hoc NXB Gido due, H 2006 Bai tap Khoa hoc NXB Gido due, H 2009 Lam Quang Thiep Trac nghiem va ung dung NXB Khoa hgc vd ki thudt, H 2008 Nguyen Thi Hanh Mot so van de ve ddi mdi danh gia ket qua hoc tap mdn Tieng Viet or tieu hoc NXB Gido due, H2003 Nguyen Thi Than (chu bien) - Nguyen Thuang Giao - Dao Thi Hong - Nguyen Thj Hudng - Nguyen Tuyet Nga Giao trinh phuong phap day hoc cac mdn hoc ve tu nhien va xa hdi NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2009 Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh Danh gia va luang ket qua hoc tap NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2007 Phan loai phirong tien (Tiep theo trang 58) day - hoc, tuyet nhien khong the Idm thay nhiem vy ciia ngudi thdy tren ldp"(6) • (1) Tran Due Vuong "Thiet bi day hoc tu lam - thuc trang va xu the phat trien" Tgp chi Gido due, so' 103, thang 12/ 2004 (2) Nguyen Van Kh&i (chu bien) - Le Huy Hoang Giao trinh Phuongtienday hoc ki thuat cdng nghiep NXB Dgi hgc su phgm, H2007 (3) Nguyen Huy Sam "Thiet bi gop phan ddi mdi phuong phap day hoc, nang cao cha't luang day hoctheo hudng tich cue" Tap chi Thdng tin Khoa hoc gido due, so' 102, nam 2004 (4) To Xuan Giap Phuong tien day hoc NXB Gido due, H 1977 (5) Tran Kieu - Vu Trong Ry "Thie't bi day hoc vdi viec ddi mdi chuang trinh, sach giao khoa phd thong" Tap chi Thdng tin Khoa hoc gido due, sd 86, nam 2001 (6) D3ng Thanh Hung Day hoc hien dai: Li ludn Bien phap - Ki thuat NXB Dai hgc qud'c gia, H 2002 ... dung NXB Khoa hgc vd ki thudt, H 2008 Nguyen Thi Hanh Mot so van de ve ddi mdi danh gia ket qua hoc tap mdn Tieng Viet or tieu hoc NXB Gido due, H2003 Nguyen Thi Than (chu bien) - Nguyen Thuang... Thuang Giao - Dao Thi Hong - Nguyen Thj Hudng - Nguyen Tuyet Nga Giao trinh phuong phap day hoc cac mdn hoc ve tu nhien va xa hdi NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2009 Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh Danh gia va luang... due, so'' 103, thang 12/ 20 04 (2) Nguyen Van Kh&i (chu bien) - Le Huy Hoang Giao trinh Phuongtienday hoc ki thuat cdng nghiep NXB Dgi hgc su phgm, H2007 (3) Nguyen Huy Sam "Thiet bi gop phan ddi mdi