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''''• ^ CHO HOC SINH NGUOI H''''MONG O NGUYEN THU PHLTONG* 1 Dqy filng Viet (TV) cho hqc sinh (HS) vdi hr HS Bde bdo ve oi, md cua cho tdi cdch Id Hing me de vd dqy TV cho hqc sinh ddn Bde BV Chdu di choi v[.]
'• ^ CHO HOC SINH NGUOI H'MONG O Dqy filng Viet (TV) cho hqc sinh (HS) vdi hr cdch Id Hing me de vd dqy TV cho hqc sinh ddn tdc (HSDT) ndi chung, HS ngudi H'Mong ndi rieng vdi h/ cdch Id ngdn ngu thu hai d i u cdn ddt moi quon he vdi vdn hda giao tilp Bdi giCro vdn hda vd ngdn ngu, giua vdn hda ddn tdc vd ngdn ngCr ddn tdc ed mdi quon he chdt che Ngdn ngu phdn dnh sdu sdc vd todn dien nhd't nen vdn hda cua mdi ddn tdc Trong ngdn ngu cua mdi ddn tdc, h/ xLmg hd, cdch xung hd thudng t h i hien rd net ddc dilm vdn hda giao Hip cua ddn tdc dd Vdn hdo xung hd giao Hip TV, cdch ung xu xung hd, thdi quen xung hd, «quy tdc" xung cua ngudi Viet Id bilu hien ddc trung euo vdn hdo giao Hep Net dqc trung nhd't vdn hda xung hd TV chinh Id vlec chu y dung h> ximg hd (trdnh ndi trd'ng khdng) vd dung \u xung hd bleu tbj dung quan he tdn tl, thi/ bqc Do coi h-qng tdn fi, tht/ bde nen giao filp, ngudi Viet rdt chu y xdc djnh quan he thu bde (tudi tdc, dja vj, ) giCra mlnh vd ngudi dd'i thoqi de chqn h/ xtmg hd thich hgp Ben eqnh dd, giao tiep bdng TV, ngudi ndi, ngudi vilt cung rdt chu y dung Kr xung hd bilu thj diing finh cdm, cdch nhin nhdn, cdch ddnh gid dd'i lugng vd the hien finh cdm thdn mdt, gdn gui Xung hd phu hgp vdi vdn hda giao tilp se giup cho cudc hdi thoqi phdt h-ien theo chilu hudng tich eye, giup nhCrng ngudi tham gia hdi thoqi dqt myc dfch giao filp cung ed' vd phdt triln quan he giCro hq Quo khdo sdt trye filp vd quo cdc philu dieu fro, chijng tdi thdy hien HSDT ndi chung vd HS ngudi H'Mdng ndi rieng giao filp TV thudng mac\o\ khdng dOng tu xung hd ndi vdi ngudi tren (ndi khdng) vd dung tu xung hd khdng dung vdi quan he ngudi dudi ndi vdi ngudi tren (xung tdi, tao vol ngudi Idn tudi, ngudi tren) Vf dy: Mdt HS ngudi H'Mdng d mdt trudng ndi tnj thudc tinh Dien Bien dd ndi vdl bde bdo ve (BV) nhu sou: Tap ehi Giao due so 6 (ki • 7/2011) NGUYEN THU PHLTONG* HS: Bde bdo ve oi, md cua cho tdi Bde BV: - Chdu di choi v l mudn qud, Idn sou v l dung gid nhe! HS: Tdi nhd rdi Trong trudng hgp ndy, HS cdn h/ xung chdu, nhung cdc em Iqi thudng xung tdi Khdng ft hudng hgp ndi vdi ngudi tren, cde em cdn dung Kr h/ xung: tao; nhdc din ngudi thu bo Id ngudi tren, ede em dijng K> nd Xung hd nhu vdy Id khdng phCi hgp vdi thdi quen tdn trqng thu bde giao Hip bdng TV Nhi/ng nguyen nhdn ndo dan din finh trqng HS ngudi H'Mdng dung \u xung hd TV chua phij hqp vdi vdn hda giao Hip? Tim hieu ve he thd'ng tu xung hd vd vdn hda xung hd giao filp bdng hing me de euo HS ngudi H'Mdng, chung tdi thd'y cd sy khdc biet ddng ke Sy khdc biet ndy chinh Id rdo edn ngdn ngCr vd vdn hda giao Hep TV cua HS ngudi H'Mdng Tieng H'Mdng ed ede tu ehi quon he thdn toe gdn h/ong duong vdi Kr chi quan he thdn tdc TV Nhung vdn had xung hd, ngudi H'Mdng Igi khdng chu y din quan he thu bgc, khdng ehu y thdi finh cdm md ngudi ndi mudn bilu dqt Ngudi H'Mdng thudng dung cu (h/ong duong vdi cdc h/ xung hd ngdi thu nhd't cua TV: tdi, mlnh, eon, chdu, em, anh ) de ty xung vdi td't cd cdc dd'i hjgng giao Hep d cdc quan he vai khdc nhau, du ngudi dd'i thoqi Id ngong bdng hoy Id ngudi tren, ngudi dudi Cd the, khdng chu y lhu bde, thdi dp xung hd nen ngudi H'Mdng Ididng chuy phdi hgp xung vd gpi cho tuong ung vdi quan he vj thi, tinh cdm giCra nhung ngirai cijng trd chuyen Dieu ndy dugc thi hien qua bdng dd'i chieu sou ddy (xem bdng) Cd t h i khdng djnh: dnh hudng vdn hdo xung hd cua Heng me de (chuyin di tieu eye), thieu vd'n hieu bilt v l vdn hda xung hd TV Id mot h-ong * Tnftfng Bai hpc sir pham Ha Npi ^^ giao Hip, trdnh ndi trd'ng khdng (khdng Kr xung khdng gqi ngudi d^i thoqi) Ndi dung dqy hqc tu xung hd sdeh gido khoa TilTng Viet filu hqe vd sdeh Ngu Vdn THCS dugc soqn theo Hnh thdn dqy HS hqc TV vdi tu cdch Id tilng me d6 Bdi vdy, di giup HS cdc ddn tdc thieu so cung nhu HS ngi/dl H'Mdng cd t h i dung h> xung hd hgp chuan vdn hda TV, edn bd' trg ndi dung dqy Kr xung hd TV theo edp tuong ung vdl quan he thu bqc, cdn d^l chll^u cdch xi/ng hd h-ong giao tilp bdng H^ng me de vdl vd each xung hd giao tilp bdng TV nhu dd h-inh bdy Tuy nhien, ben eqnh viSc bo trg ede ndi dung kiln Cdch xong - gpi ph6 bi4n Cdch xong gpi ph6 blAn GT GT bSng TV bSng tl6ng H'Mflng Xunq Gpi Xong Gpi -Em Gpi b^ng cdc ti/ ti4ng cu Anh, ehj, cfl gido th4y gido, anh 4y, eh| 4y (tOI, tao) H'MOng tuong duong: -Con - BA, mp, Ong, bd chii, bde, anh, chi, cd, d, chu, cfl, c$u, bde 4y, c^u 4y bhcdng, bd, TV -Chdu Ong, bd, ehii, bde, di, c|iu, bde 4y, chii 4y Tdi Anh, chi, cde anh, cdc ehj hp Tao - Mdy, n6, hp, chung nb -Ta -Mi nhCmg nguyen nhdn co bdn ddn d i n finh trqng HS ngudi H'Mdng thudng mdc Idi dung Kr xung hd giao filp TV D l giup HS ngudi H'Mdng su dyng h/ xung thuc, cdn chu y xdy dyng cdc bdi tdp thye hdnh, hd phu hgp vdl vdn hda xung hd glao vl bdi tdp thye hdnh Id phuong tien d l dqt myc t i l p TV, theo chung tdi, mdt nhi/ng cdch tiSu dqy hqc TV Myc Heu quon trqng nhd't cue cdn thilt Id gidi thieu, dqy cho cdc em su dyng vife dqy tu xung hd cho HS ngudi H'Mdng Id h> xung hd theo cdp tuang ung, dung quan he giup cdc em su dyng h> xung hd TV dung ehudn thu bde Chdng hqn, cd t h i uu tiSn duo vdo ndi ngdn ngu vd chuan vdn hod giao H^p Cdc em dung dqy hqc cde h> dung de ngudi dudi ty cdn dung dugc h/ xung hd d cdc vi t h i glao xung vd ggi ngudi tren theo edp tuong ung, tiep khde (xung hd giua ngudi ngang kem theo Id thdi finh cdm vd hodn cdnh giao hdng, giCra ngudi dudi vdi ngudi tren, vd xung Hep thich hgp: hd giua ngudi h-en vdl ngudi dudi); xung hd d * Ximg em - gqi anh, ehj, cdc anh, cdc ehj, cdc hodn cdnh giao H§'p khdc (hodn cdnh cdc anh ay, cdc chi d'y, hp, cd gido, thdy gida nghiem Kie: gid hqe, hdi nghj, cudc (thdi ngudi ndi le phep, tdn trqng ngudi dd'i hqp ; hodn cdnh glao Hep thdng thudng: gid thoqi; quan he rudt thjt hodc quan he ngudi di/di ro choi, d nhd ), vdl nhi/ng sdc thdi bleu cdm vdl ngudi tren; cd t h i su dyng ed giao khdc (kinh trqng, khinh thudng, than Hep thdng thudng vd hodn cdnh trqng, mdt, ) KTndng si/dyng h/xung hd chi cd dugc nghiem Kie) neu HS dugc luy§n tgp thye hdnh qua cdc bdi * Xung - gqi bo me, dng, bd, chu, bde, tdp TV Bdi vdy, cdn cd cdc bdi tdp bo trg giup cdu , cdc bde, cde bde d'y, cde edu, ( quon he HS dugc thye hdnh su dyng h> xung hd, dqc rudt thjt quan he hq hdng; neu dung d l xung vd biet Id cdc bdi tdp finh hud'ng • gqi h-ong quon he xd hdi thi hdm chua sdc thdi finh cdm, thdn mdt) • Xung chdu - gqi dng, bd, cd, di, chu, bde Tdi lifu tham khao cdu , cdc bde, cdc bde d'y, cde cdu, (quan he Le A - Nguyfin Quang Ninh - Bui Minh Toan Phuong rudt thjt, quan hS hq hdng; nlu dung de xung vd ph^p d?y hpc ti^ng Viet NXB Gido due, H 1996 gqi quon he xd hdi thi hdm chua sdc thai Nguyfin Van Chifin "Six dung tu xumg hO, mdt bilu hi$n cua the' ung xu ti«fng Viet" Tap chi Ngdn ngQ vd finh cdm thdn mdt) d&isd'ng, 1992 • Xung ten - gqi anh, ehj, bd', me, anh d'y, ehj Le Phuorng Nga - DSng Kim Nga Phinmg phap day d'y, cdc anh d/ (edch xung finh cdm, nung nju, HQC tieng Viet d tieu hpc (tki lieu d^o tao giao vi&n dung h-ong giao filp gia dinh; nlu dung d l xung tifiu hpc trinh dO cao dang va dai hpc su pham) NXB vd gqi quan he xd hdi thi hdm chua sdc Gido due vk NXB Dgi hoc suphgm, H 2007 thdi finh edm thdn mat) Nguyfin Minh Thuyet "Nhffng nhan t6' song ngO Ben eqnh viec dqy HS cdc h> xung hd theo anh hudng de'n nang luc sir dung ti^ng Viet ciia hoc cdp tuong ung, edn hudng ddn ede em ed thdi sinh dan tOc it ngudi" Tap chi Nghiin ciiu gido due, quen dijng Kr Kr xung vd gqi ngudi ddi thoqi h-ong s6 8/1984 Tap ehi Giao due s6 6 (ki - 7/2011) ... quon he HS dugc thye hdnh su dyng h> xung hd, dqc rudt thjt quan he hq hdng; neu dung d l xung vd biet Id cdc bdi tdp finh hud''ng • gqi h- ong quon he xd hdi thi hdm chua sdc thdi finh cdm, thdn... thdng thudng: gid thoqi; quan he rudt thjt hodc quan he ngudi di/di ro choi, d nhd ), vdl nhi/ng sdc thdi bleu cdm vdl ngudi tren; cd t h i su dyng ed giao khdc (kinh trqng, khinh thudng, than... cdc hodn cdnh giao H? ?''p khdc (hodn cdnh cdc anh ay, cdc chi d''y, hp, cd gido, thdy gida nghiem Kie: gid hqe, hdi nghj, cudc (thdi ngudi ndi le phep, tdn trqng ngudi dd''i hqp ; hodn cdnh glao Hep