D A N H G I A CUA SINH VIEN TROONG OAI HOC SO PHAM HA NO! • I I • VE KT NANG ONG PHO CUA BAN THAN VOI CAC KHO KHAN TAM LY TRONG HOAT DONG REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SO PHAM TS Nguy§n Thj Hu6 Tnfdng dai hgc S[.]
CUA SINH VIEN TROONG OAI HOC SO PHAM HA NO! DANH GIA • I I • VE KT NANG ONG PHO CUA BAN THAN VOI CAC KHO KHAN TAM LY TRONG HOAT DONG REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SO PHAM TS Nguy§n Thj Hu6 Tnfdng dai hgc Sit phgm lid Ngi D$t van de Trong thuc tidn cudc sd'ng, bdt ky mdt hoat ddng nao ciia ngudi cung ddu gap phai nhirng khd khan nhdl djnh Nhumg khd khan, dac biet la nhiing khd khan tam ly (KKTL) lam xudt hidn nhimg hien lupng tieu cue, gay sdc, choang, met mdi, lam mat phuong hudng boat dpng, anh hudng xau dd'n cha't lupng va hidu qua cdng vide Ndu ngudi khdng biet each khdc phuc nhimg khd khan gap phai thi se khdng vupt qua dupc hoac neu cd \'Upl qua thi hieu qua cdng vide cung khdng cao, dac bidl la lam quen vdi boat ddng mdi, mdi trudng mdi Ndi each khac, ngudi phai cd kha nang iing phd vdi cac khd khan, dd cd KKTL mdi cd thd tdn lai va phat tridn Ung phd dugc hieu Id sit cd gdng cd hdnh ddng vd vi mat tdm ly de kiem sodt nhiing ddi Iwi ciia mdi trudng cilng nhu ben ca the vd cdc xung dot Nhu vay, khai nidm ling phd bao trum mdt pham vi rdng, bao gdm ca nhirng iing phd ndi tam trudc hoan canh xay (suy nghT, tinh cam) va nhung hanh ddng ben ngoai nhdm dap lai ydu cdu cua hoan canh Y nghTa tam ly ciia urng phd d chd: Lam thd' nao 66 ngudi thich iing nhanh chong vdi nhihig ydu cdu ciia hoan canh, cho phep hp ndm bdt va lam chii chiing, lam cho ngudi thoat khdi hoac lam quen vdi chiing va bdng each dd cai hda dupc nhung tac ddng gay stress cua hoan canh D6 dupc nhu vay, ngudi cdn phai cd cac ky nang ting phd ( K N U P ) va ren luyen chung cang td't hon KNUP Id khd 42 TAP CHf TAM Ly HpC, Sd 11 (152), 11 201 ndng van dung kien thdc de gidi quyet cd kit qud nhiing tinh hudng, hodn canh bdt thu&ng vd khd khdn Trong qua trinh hpc tap d trudng su pham, ngudi sinh vidn phai tham gia nhidu boat ddng khac nhau, dd cd boat ddng ren luyen nghidp vu su pham (RLNVSP) de trd ngudi thdy giao tuong lai Trong qua trinh dd, ngudi sinh vidn khdng tranh khdi phai ddi mat vdi cac khd khan, dd cd KKTL va hp phai tim each vupt qua chung KKTL boat ddng RLNVSP chinh la td hpp cac thudc tinh, cac trang thai tam ly, cac dac didm nhan each lam cho chii thd khdng phat huy dupc nang lire va cac ky nang su pham, dd han che kdt qua ren luyen KNU'P v&i nhiing KKTL RLNVSP Id khd ndng van dung kidn thiic de logi bd nhung dgc diem tdm ly cd nhdn vd kiiu hdnh vi img xu khdng phu hgp vdi ndi dung, dd'i tugng vd muc dich RLNVSP Vide nghidn curu thuc trang KNI/P vdi cac KKTL ciia sinh vidn hoat ddng RLNVSP 6i tim bidn phap giup hp khdc phuc hidu qua ban cac KKTL la het siic cdn thidt, nhdm gdp phdn nang cao chat lupng dao tao giao vidn d cac trudng su pham Khach the va dia ban nghien ciru Nghien ciiu dupc lien hanh d Trudng dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi, la trudng dai hpc trpng didm, ddu nganh ciia he thd'ng cac trudng su pham nudc ta, la trung tam ldn nhat vd dao tao giao vidn va nghidn ciiu khoa hpc giao due, la noi dao tao ngudn nhan luc chdt lupng cao phuc vu su phat tridn ddt nudc Chiing tdi da tidn hanh nghien ciiu trdn 466 sinh vidn K57 ciia khoa Toan (222 sinh vidn) va khoa Van (244 sinh vidn) Day la hai khoa dupc xem cd tinh dai dien cho sinh vidn cua hai khdi tu nhidn va xa hdi Khoa Van va khoa Toan la hai khoa ldn nhat ciia trudng, cd bd day ljch sir cung vdi lich sii nha trudng Sinh vidn K57 la sinh vidn lot nghiep vao thang nam 2011 Chiing tdi da tie'n hanh nghien ciiu sud't khda hpc cua khda sinh vidn vd nhidu khia canh, nhu cac chi sd tri tue va mdi quan he giira chiing vdi kdt qua hoc tap, mure dp thich iing RLNVSP va cac KNU'P vdi cac KKTL RLNVSP Noi dung va ket qua nghien ciiu De tim hieu thuc trang vd KNU'P vdi nhung KKTL vide RLNVSP ciia sinh vidn, chiing tdi da dua ky nang iing vdi budc qua trinh giai quye't cac khd khan ndi chung Ky ndng nhdn thdc, ddnh gid: Nhan thiic dupc nhirng KKTL ciia ban than boat dpng RLNVSP, thdy dupc dupc nhuiig anh hudng ciia nd dd'n ke't qua RLNVSP va dd'n trinh dd chuydn mdn nghidp vu ciia ngudi giao vien sau TAP CHI TAM Ly HpC, S6 11 (152), 11 - 2011 43 Ky ndng thu thdp thdng tin: Thu thap thdng tin tir cac ngudn khac nhu: dpc sach bao, truy cap internet, tham khao y kidn ban be, thdy cd dd cd nhiirng hieu biet vd cac KKTL ban than gap phai RLNVSP Ky ndng phdn tich cdc phii(/ng dn dng phd: Lidt kd cac phuong an khac phuc khd khan cd the cd Phan tich nhirng cai lpi va cai hai, uu, nhupc didm cua lirng phuong an gia trj va yd'u id cam xiic ciia lirng phuong an lira chpn Trong budc nhai Ihiet phai sir dung ky nang phan tich, tu phd phan, xac dinh gia trj, tim kiem su giup Ky ndng lua chgn cdc phiicmg dn iing phd: Lua chpn each giai quyet ldi nhai ddi vdi ban than day phai sii dung ky nang so sanh, can nhdc gia trj, tuduy sang lao Ky ndng quyet dinh: day sinh vidn phai sir dung ky nang tir chdi thuang thuyet, iing phd vdi ddi tupng mud'n ru re lam theo y hp, quye't djnh theo phuang an minh da lira chpn Ky ndng thuc hien cdc phuong dn: Kidn dinh thuc hidn cac phuong an ma minh da lira chpn mdt each khoa hpc va hieu qua nhdl Ky ndng kiem tra ddnh gid: Kidm tra, danh gia ket qua cua \ iec ihuc hidn cac phuong an iirng phd 3.1 Thuc trgng ve kl ndng thuc hien cdc bu&c Omg phd v&i KKTL cua sinh vien RLNVSP D6 tim hidu thuc trang kT nang thuc hidn cac budc img phd vdi KKTL, chiing ldi da trung cdu y kien sinh vien vdi cau hdi: Khi gap phdi KKTL hogt ddng RLNVSP, bgn tu ddnh gid cdc kT ndng hdn than cdc bu&c gidi quyet khd khdn md chiing tdi neu dii&i day & miic ndo?" Mdi ky nang cd miic dp 6i sinh vidn lira chpn: Mdc tdt (iing viri diem), ndu gap bdt ki KKTL nao RLNVSP, ban than sinh vidn ddu thuc hidn budc dd mdt each cdn than va cd hidu qua, giai quydt td't cac khd khan gap phai Mdc khd (ling viri diem), ndu gap mdt KKTL RLNVSP, ban than sinh vidn ddu thuc hidn budc dd tuong ddi cd hidu qua, gdp phdn ddi dupc vdi cac KKTL gap phai Mdc trung binh (iing v&i diem), neu gap mdt KKTL RLNVSP ban than sinh vidn thuc hidn budc 66 dupc, khdng Vi the, qua trinh giai quye't khd khan cung cd dupc, khdng anh hudng cua vide thuc hidn mdt budc nao dd chua td't, lam anh hudng dd'n ca qua trinh giai quydt 44 TAPCHITAMLyHpCSdll (152), 11 2011 Muc ydu (dng v&i diem), neu gap mdt KKTL qua trinh RLNVSP ban than sinh vidn rdt it thurc hidn dupc budc dd, lam cho qua trinh giai quydt khd khan, it thuc hidn dupc cd hidu qua Mdc kem (iing v&i diim), neu ban than sinh vidn khdng thd thuc hidn dupc budc giai quydt dd ddn dd'n khdng giai quydt dupc cac KKTL gap phai qua trinh RLNVSP Ndi each khac la sinh vidn chua cd kT nang thuc hidn mdt budc cu thd nao dd budc chiing ldi ndu Qua didu tra, xii ly sd lieu, chung ldi thu dupc sd lieu nhu sau: Bdng 1: KT ndng thitc hien cdc hif&c ifng phd v&i KKTL ciia sinh vien RLNVSP (%) STT Cac budc urng vdi kho khan Tdt Kha TB Yeu Kem Nhan thiic, danh gia dupc cac KKTl, cua ban than 35 179 203 49 7,51 38,41 43,56 10,52 41 192 218 15 8,80 41,20 46,78 3,22 31 179 185 53 18 6,65 38,41 39,70 11,37 3,86 33 161 214 42 16 7,08 34,55 45,92 9,02 3,43 27 166 204 56 13 5,79 35,62 43,78 12,02 2,79 35 195 174 62 7,50 41,86 37,34 13,30 42 201 166 57 9,01 43,13 35,62 12,23 Thu thap thdng tin lien quan den KKTL Phan tich uu, nhupc didm ciia cac phuang an iing phd (PA UP) Lua chpn cac phuang an urng phu hop Ra quyet djnh Kien djnh thuc hien cac phuang an ling phd da lira chpn Kidm tra, danh gia ket qua ciia viec thuc hien cac phuang an iing phd Nhin vao bang 1, chung ta thdy kl nang cac budc iing phd vdi cac KKTL cua sinh vidn chu ye'u d miic kha va trung binh Cac kT nang budc thu thap thdng tin lidn quan dd'n KKTL la lot nhat Tiep theo la cac kT nang budc kidm tra, danh gia vide thuc hidn cac PALTP, kT nang budc kidn dinh thuc hidn cac phuong an da lua chpn TAP CHI TAM Ly Hpc, Sd 11 (152), 11 - 2011 45 Trong cac budc quydi djnh, lira chpn PAl/P phii hpp thi kT nang thuc hidn chiing ciia sinh vien thdp hon so vdi cac budc khac Qua quan sat va phdng vdn true tidp, chiing tdi tha'y kdt qua didu tra ndi tren tuong ddi phii hpp, da phan anh dupe thuc trang cac kT nang ciia sinh vidn Ciic budc urng phd vdi cac KKTL RLNVSP Vice thuc hien cac budc irng phd vdi cac KKTL va cac kT nang cu the dupe the hien cac budc phan anh KNU'P vdi cac KKTL ciia sinh vien RLNVSP Chiing tdi can cii vao day dd danh gia thuc trang KNUP vdi KKTL irong RLNVSP cua sinh vidn 3.2 Thuc trgng ve tdn sudt lua chgn cdc phuong dn dng phd Di lim hidu lan suai lira chpn cac PAL/P ciia sinh vidn va miic dd phii hop cua Ciic phuong iin, chiing tdi da xay dung thang PA UP vdi KKTL RLNVP (dua uen thang KNl/P vdi khd khan cua Erica Frydenberg va Ramon Lewis) gdm 36 ciiu hdi, dd 35 cau hdi ddng thd hidn PALTP va cau hdi md Mdi PA UP cd cau the hien cac bidu hidn khac Sinh vien dupc ydu cdu lira chpn miic dp phii hop vdi ban than sd mure dd khac sau: khdng bao gid (1 diem); hid'm (2 didm); thinh thoang (3 didm); thudng xuydn (4 didm); ludn ludn (5 didm) Bdng 2: Tdn sudt lua chgn cdc phiicrng dn dng phd ciia sinh vien STT Cac phuang an iing phd Trung binh cdng Dp lech chuan Thur bac Tim kiem sir trp giiip tir ban be 19,5 2,45 Tranh thii y kidn ciia giao vien (GV) va nhCrng ngudi cd chuyen mdn 17,4 2,98 Tap trung giai quyet vdn dd 20,2 3,05 Tu ren luyen 21,4 2,37 Tich cue hpc tap tich luy tri thiic kinh nghiem 20,0 3,26 Lo Idng 20,3 3,63 Budng xudi 12,3 3,64 Cac phuang an khac 4,9 0,88 Kdt qua thdng kd d bang cho thdy, nhumg PALTP dupc nhidu sinh vien lua chpn vdi tdn sua't cao la: tu ren luyen; lo Idng; tap trung gidi quydt vdn di; 46 TAP CHI TAM Ly HpC, Sd 11 (152), 11 - 2011 tich cue hgc tap tich luy tri thdc, kinh nghiem Didu cho thdy, gap phai KKTL, sinh vidn da rat quan tam, lo Idng va thudng xuydn cd nhung hanh ddng thie't thuc dd giai quydt van dd cua minh NhCrng phuong an it dupc sinh vidn lira chpn la: budng xudi vd tranh thii y kidn ciia GV vd nhiing ngucri cd chuyen mdn Vide hdu bet sinh vien khdng chpn PALTP tidu cue la biu'mg xudi (vdi TBC = 12,3; DEC = 3,64) ma da cd gdng tim cac PALTP lich cure dd khdc phuc nhQ-ng khd khan ciia minh la mdt dieu dang murng Tuy nhien, phuong an: "Tranh thii y kien ciia GV vd nhiing ngu&i cd chuyen nwn" a vj tri thii trdn phuong an ling phd va vdi didm TBC la 17,4 lai la vdn 66 dang lo ngai Vdi didm trung binh va dp lech chuan thu dupc, chumg td phuang an sinh vidn it lira chpn hoac khdng lua chpn Tim hidu nguydn nhan thuc trang nay, chiing ldi lien hanh trd chuyen vdi sinh vidn Khi dupc hdi, sinh vidn N.T.H.A, nam thu" chia se: Em rdt nggi nh& gido vien giiip vi thdy luc ndo cdc thdy cd ciing bcin rdn, khimg cd th&i gian de tidp sinh vien Ban P.T.H nam Ihii nhat thi dua ly do: Em thdy minh khdng dii tit tin tidp xiic vdi gido vien di Iwi vi cdch gidi quyet cdc khd khdn Cdn ban T.K, mdt sinh vidn nam thur tu thi bdc bach: Khd khdn ndi chung vd khd khdn RLNVSP thi sinh vien ndo ciing cd, chi khdc o mdc do, neu sinh vien ndo ciing len hdi gido vien thi chdc khdng dugc Quy th&i gian ciia gido vien hien khdng cho phep ldm nhu vay Mdt thuc Id' dd thay la ddi vdi sinh vien nam thii nhat, cac em thudng e de, ngai ngung tidp xiic vdi giao vidn Sinh vidn nam cud'i thi tu tin ban nhung lai mudn tu minh giai quydt van de Do dd, phuang an nhd su giiip dd cua giao vidn khdng dupc nhidu sinh vidn lua chpn 3.3 Thuc trgng ve hieu qud cua cdc KNU'P v&i KKTL cua sinh vien Di danh gia hidu qua ciia cac KNl/P vdi cac KKTL ciia sinh vidn RLNVSP, chiing tdi hdi sinh vidn nhu sau: Khi gap nhiing KKTL RLNVSP, cdch dng phd ciia bgn cd dgt dugc hieu qud nhu su mong mud'n khdng? Kdt qua thu dupc vd mure dp hidu qua cua vide ling phd nhu sau: Sd lieu thu dupc d bang cho chiing ta thdy, sd sinh vidn cd KNlTP vdi cac KKTL cd hidu qua chiem ti Id kha khidm tdn Chi cd khoang 107) sd sinh vidn bidt each lua chpn cac phuong an iing phd phu hpp va giai quyet tdt cac khd khan cia minh Da sd sinh vidn tu danh gia d miic tuong dd'i hieu qud (41,42%) va cd hieu qud nhung khdng cao (43,99%) Chd'ng td rdng, sinh vidn da cd KNU'P vdi cac KKTL sinh RLNVSP, nhung mure dp khdng cao, chua thuan thuc Cd thd sinh vidn da bidt each giai quyet cac khd khan ciia minh, nhung chua dat dupc nhu y mudn Cd 4,29% sd sinh vidn cam thdy minh TAP CHI TAM Ly HpC, Sd 11 (152), 11 2011 47 giai quye't cac khd khan it hieu qua vd khdng cd sinh vidn nao cam thdy minh giai quydt khdng hieu quii cac khd khan gap phai Nhu vay, sd sinh vidn cd trinh dd kT nang cao de urng phd vdi KKTL RLNVSP khdng nhidu Bdng 3:1 lieu qud ciui cdc KNUP v&i KKTL trcmg RLNVSP Miirc dd hi6u qua STT Sdlupng Ti le % Rdt hieu quii 48 10,30 Tuang ddi hieu qua 193 41,42 Co hieu quii nhung khdng ciio 205 43,99 It hiC'u qua 20 4,29 Khdng hidu quii 0 Ke't hpp vdi phuong phap quan sal, phuong phap phdng vdn va phuong phap nghidn curu san phdm boat ddng, chung ldi nhan djnh, vice tu danh gia cua sinh vidn thdng qua phie'u didu tra la tuong dd'i phu hpp KNLTP vdi cac KKTL ciia sinh vidn RLNVSP chii ye'u d mure trung binh Chi cd mdt ti Id thdp sinh vidn cd trinh dp KNLTP vdi KKTL luong ddi cao, cd kha nang giai quyet cac khd khan mdt each cd hidu qua Va cdn mdt ti Id thdp sinh vidn chua cd dii KNU'P vdi cac KKTL (khoang 4%) 3.4 Thuc trgng ve cdc yeu td dnh hudng den KNlfP v&i KKTL RLNVSP cua sinh vien Qua didu tra, quan sal va trao ddi true tidp vdi sinh vien chiing ldi nhan thdy cd rat nhidu ye'u id anh hudng dd'n KNLTP vdi cac KKTL boat ddng RLNVSP ciia hp Cd thd chia cac ye'u id anh hudng lam nhdm la: Nhdm cac ydu id chii quan va nhdm cac yeu td khach quan Nhdm cac ye'u td chii quan la cac ydu id ndi tiii bdn ban than mdi sinh vien Cac ydu td khach quan la cac ye'u id ben ngoai Trdn co sd didu tra khao sat ban ddu, chung ldi da liet ke mdt sd yeu td chii quan va khach quan lac ddng dd'n KNUTP vdi KKTL boat ddng RLNVSP ciia sinh vidn, sau dd trung cdu y kien ciia hp vd cac ydu td a) Cdc yeu td chu quan Di tim hidu vdn dd nay, mdt cau hdi phie'u trung cdu dupc dat nhu sau: "Theo bgn yeu Jd chii quan chiing tdi liet ke du&i ddy, ydu td ndo la ydu td chii ydu dnh huang den KNUP cua bgn v&i cdc KKTL RLNVSP? Hay xep cdc yeu td dd theo thd tu mdc quan 48 TAP CHI' TAM Ly HPC Sd 11 (152), 11 - 2011 trgng gidm ddn bdng cdch ddnh sd tii I den 8" Tren co sd thii tur sinh vidn da xep, chiing tdi cho didm iing vdi mure dd quan trpng nhdt la diem, giam ddn dd'n miic dd kem quan trpng nha't la I didm Kel qua thu dupc xe'p thii tu tCr cao xud'ng tha'p nhu sau: Bdng 4: Miic dnh hu&ng ciia cdc yeu td chii quan din KNl/P ciia sinh vien STT Cac ye'u td Z^ X Thii bac Vd'n tri thiic nghd nghidp va kinh nghidm sdng ban che 2.996 6,43 Chua cd ddng ca hpc tap diing dan 2.940 6,31 Kha nang ngdn ngir va didn dat chua tdt 2.829 6,07 Khdng hiing thu vdi boat ddng RLNVSP 2.754 5,91 Chua chu ddng ren luyen nhan each dd khdc phuc nhimg ban che 2.251 4,83 Khdng ndm vimg ndi dung, chuong trinh ren luyen NVSP ciia khoa va nha trudng 1.971 4,23 Chua thdy bet dupc y nghTa, tac dung cua viec RLNVSP 1.431 3,07 Cac yeu to khac 620 1,33 Bang sd lieu trdn cho thdy, cac yeu td khac cd anh hudng khac dd'n vide iing phd vdi KKTL boat ddng RLNVSP ciia sinh vidn Ydu td anh hudng nhidu nhdt (xdp thur nhdt) la "vd'n tri thdc nghi 2.996; didm trung binh X = nghiep, kinh nghiem sd'ng cdn hgn chd\ v6i^X= 6,43 Vide xac dinh ydu td la ye'u td anh hudng ldn nhdt ciia sinh vidn la hoan toan hpp ly Nhu chiing ta da bie't, bdt ky mdt khd khan nao gap phai, mud'n khdc phuc nd, ddi hdi mdi ngudi phai cd mdt vd'n tri thiic, kinh nghiem nha't dinh Vd'n tri thiic, kinh nghidm cang ddi dao, thi vide umg phd vdi khd khan cang trd ndn thuan lpi hon Thuc te, khdi lupng kie'n thurc sinh vidn cdn hpc tap tuong dd'i ldn ma thdi gian hpc tap trdn ldp cd ban Trong dd, kha nang lam vide dpc lap va tu giac ciia sinh vidn cdn ban che Qua hai dpt thuc tap, sinh vidn hidu rdng lupng kidn thiic cac em dupc trang bi nha trudng la chua dii dd giai quye't cac nhidm vu thuc tidn dat Hon nCra, dd mdi chii yd'u la ly thuyet don thudn, vide van dung ly thuye't vao thuc hanh la mdt vide TAPCHl'TAMLyHPCSdll(152), 11 2011 49 khdng mdy 6C: dang Thieu tri thu'c, thidu kinh nghidm la yd'u td cd anh hudng ldn nhdl den KNUP vdi KKTL RLNVSP cua sinh vidn Yeu td thu hi chua cd ddng co' hoc tap diing ddn, 06^,^= 2.940, A = 6,31 Ddng ca la ciii ihi'ie ddy ngudi boat ddng Neu ddng co khdng m;mh hoiic khdng dung se anh hudng dd'n kdt qua boat ddng Qua trinh hpc tap trudng diii hpc het sure vdi va, neu khdng cd ddng co hpc tap dung ddn va lanh miinh sinh vien se khdng dat duac ket qua cao hpc tap Ddng cocdn giiip ngirdi vupl qu;» c;ic khd khan, trd ngai dd di dd'n muc tidu cud'i ciing Neu khdng co ddng ca diing ddn, chdc chan sinh vidn rdt khd urng phd vdi cac khd khan Vi vay, day cung la yeii td het siic quan trpng va sinh vien da nhan thiic dupc r;ii dung dan Quan Siit vii true tiep trd chuydn vdi sinh vidn ciing cho thay, nhidu sinh vien vao trudng su pham khdng xudi phat lir nhung ddng co diing ddn ma ttr rdt nhidu ddng co khiic Nhidu nhdl hi sinh vien cho rdng, vao trudng su pham khdng phai ddng hpc phi, vi gia dinh khdng cd dieu kien ndn cur vao hpc rdi linh sau Cd sinh vidn hpc chi de Idy chd rdi lim each thi liep, ndu dau ihi chuydn trudng vi khdng ihich nghd su pham b) Yeu td khdch quan Chiing ldi dua yd'u td khach quan khac va yeu cdu sinh vien lira chpn, yd'u id quan trpng nhat la didm theo chidu hudng giam ddn de'n yeu id il quan trpng nhat la didm Cau hdi chung ldi dat cho sinh vien nhu sau: Trong yen td khdch quan chimg tdi thiing ke dit&i ddy dnh hit&ng nhu the ndo den KNU'P viri cdc KKTL RLNVSP ciia bgn Ydu td dnh liit&ng nhieu nhd't bgn cho diem Cif nhu vgy, cho diim gidm ddn cho cdc ydu td kem quan trgng hon, ydu td kem quan trgng nhdt cho I diem Va chung tdi da thu dupc ket qua nhu sau: Trong sd nhung yd'u id khach quan thi ye'u td: Chitcmg trinh ddo tgo ndng vi ly thuyet nhe vc thifc hdnh cd anh hudng ldn nha't den KNU'P vdi cac KKTL boat ddng RLNVSP cua sinh vien, vdi J'= 6.21 Thuc id' cho tha'y, phan phd'i chuong trinh cac mdn hpc nghidp vu, thdi lupng danh cho ly thuye't qua nhidu, tidt thuc hanh lai kha il Didu dd cd nghTa la thdi gian luyen tap cac kT nang su pham cQa sinh vidn d trdn ldp la khdng nhieu, ddn dd'n ky nang su phiim ciia cac em cdn nhidu ban che' va duong nhien cac em se mat tu tin, lung lung durng d vi tri ngudi giao vidn Yd'u td quan trpng diing thii la: Dieu kien, phuang tien phuc vu tap luyen NVSP chiia ddy du Day cung la yd'u td dupc sinh vidn cho la cd anh hudng nhidu dd'n KNUP ciia cac em, vdi didm trung binh 'x= 5,59 Ngoai gid ldn ldp, hdu nhu sinh vidn khdng cd didu kidn de d lai giang dudng Vi 50 TAPCHl'TAMLynpC S d i 1(152), 11-2011 the, cac em mud'n tap giang, tap viet bang, trinh bay bang, tap didn thuye't ddu khdng cd didu kidn va phuong lien dd lien hanh Bdng 5: Cdc ydu td khdch quan dnh hiidmg den KNU'P v&i KKTL RLNVSP ciia sinh vien STT Cac yeu td I^ X Thur bac Chuang trinh dao tao nang \'d ly ihuyd't nhe ve thuc hanh 2.894 6,21 Cdng tac RLNVSP chua dupc quan tam diing miic 2.046 4,39 3 Giao vien chua coi trpng gid thuc hanh RLNVSP 1.794 3,85 4 Quy trinh ren luyen chua thdng nhdt 1.496 3,21 5 Npi dung, hinh thiic ren luyen chua hpp ly 1.104 2,37 6 Didu kien, phuang tien phuc vu tap luyen nghiep vu su pham chua day du 2.605 5,59 Cac yeu td khac 2.75 0,59 Hai yd'u td cdng tdc RLNVSP chua dugc quan tdm dung mifc; gido vien chua coi trgng gi& thuc hdnh RLNVSP xep d vj tri thii va vdi didm trung binh J kha chdnh ldch la 4,39 va 3,85 Khi trao ddi vd van dd nay, nhidu sinh vidn tam su: Nhung tidt thuc hanh day hpc qua it, sd lupng sinh vien lai ddng ndn rat it sinh vien dupc thuc hanh Vi the, nhidu ldi ciia sinh vidn chua dupc giao vidn sua kjp thdi Do dd, gap phai khd khan, sinh vidn thudng rdt lung tung khdng bidt hdi Nhidu giao vidn gid thuc hanh cii dd mac sinh vien lam dupc gi thi lam, chd he't gid thi vd Yd'u to "Quy trinh ren luyen chua thd'ng nhdt" xd'p d cac vj thii vdi X= 3,21 Cho dd'n nay, vide ren luyen nghiep vu su pham cho sinh vidn chi cd tuan tu cac ddu vide ldn nhu hpc ly thuyet, thiic hanh, thuc tap Nhung thuc hanh tap luyen cac kT nang nao trudc, kT nang nao sau, tai lai nhu vay thi chua cd quy dinh cu thd va thd'ng nhdt Phan hoan loan phu thudc va su "sang tao" ciia turng giao vidn va sinh vidn Day ro rang vura la mdt yd'u td gay khd khan vide iing phd, viTa la mdt khd khan ciia sinh vidn RLNVSP TAP CHI TAM Ly HPC Sd 11 (152), 11 2011 51 Yd'u td "Ndi dung, hinh thdc rin luy^n chua hgp ly", xdp thii 6, vdi ^ ^ = 1.104; X= 2,37 Mac dii sinh vidn xd'p yd'u td ndy diing thur 6, nhung miic dd quan trpng ciia nd khdng vi thd' md xem nhe Sir khdng hpp ly d day thd hidn rdt nhidu, nhu sir mdt can ddi giu'a 1^ thuyd't vd thuc hdnh, giiia ren kT nang day hpc vd kT nang giao due, va'n dd td chiirc tap luydn, sd lupng ngudi nhdm tap luydn, didu kidn, phuong tidn lidn quan Nhung yd'u td anh hudng khdng nhd dd'n KNLTP vdi KKTL cua sinh vidn Cudi Cling la mdt sd yd'u id khac sinh vidn tu ndu ra, vdi X = 0,59 Cac yd'u id sinh vidn bd sung thdm nhu thai dd phuc vu cua nhan vidn, khdng cd trudng thuc hanh, phdng thuc hdnh dd sinh vidn tap luydn, khdng cd dii thdi gian Nhumg yd'u id theo y kidn ciia sinh vidn ddu it nhidu cd anh hudng dd'n KNLTP vdi cac KKTL ciia cac em K^t lu$n KNU'P vdi nhung KKTL boat ddng RLNVSP cua sinh vidn budc ddu da cd, nhung mdi chi d mure dd trung binh, chua dap umg dupc vdi ydu cdu dao tao Hdu hdt sinh vidn ddu nhan didn dupc cac KKTL va cd y thiic vide tim each khdc phuc Tuy nhidn, vide lira chpn cac PALTP cua sinh vien chua dupc phu hpp vdi didu kidn cia ban than, chua thuc sir tich cue, chd ddng ling phd vdi khd khan, vi thd' hidu qua ting phd chua cao Tai lieu tham khao Nguydn Thanh Binh, Gido trinh gido due kT ndng sdng, NXB DHSP, 2008 52 TAP CHf TAM Ly HPC Sd 11 (152), 11 - 2011 ... tdi da tidn hanh nghien ciiu trdn 466 sinh vidn K57 ciia khoa Toan (222 sinh vidn) va khoa Van (244 sinh vidn) Day la hai khoa dupc xem cd tinh dai dien cho sinh vidn cua hai khdi tu nhidn va xa... dupc nhidu sinh vidn lua chpn 3.3 Thuc trgng ve hieu qud cua cdc KNU''P v&i KKTL cua sinh vien Di danh gia hidu qua ciia cac KNl/P vdi cac KKTL ciia sinh vidn RLNVSP, chiing tdi hdi sinh vidn nhu... kie''n thurc sinh vidn cdn hpc tap tuong dd''i ldn ma thdi gian hpc tap trdn ldp cd ban Trong dd, kha nang lam vide dpc lap va tu giac ciia sinh vidn cdn ban che Qua hai dpt thuc tap, sinh vidn hidu