Nguyin Minh Tan T^p chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGI IE 91(03); 6 3 6 9 KiCH THICH HLTNG THU VA SANG TAO TRONG HQC TAP MON VAT LY BANG VIEC GAN KIEN THlTC MON HOC VOI THUC TIEN CUOC SONG * • • • Nguyen IMinh T[.]
Nguyin Minh Tan T^p chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGI IE 91(03); - KiCH THICH HLTNG THU VA SANG TAO TRONG HQC TAP MON VAT LY B A N G VIEC GAN KIEN THlTC MON HOC VOI THUC TIEN CUOC SONG * • • • Nguyen IMinh Tan Dgi hoc Thai \iiiivcii TOM TAT Cupc van dpng "Ciing nghT suy va hien ke cho giao dye" da thu hiit dupe sir hudng iing cua dt')nu dao cac tang lop cua xa hpi, co nhQng v kien phan tich diinh gia vii dc xuSt hdt sire siiu sac va tam huyet ciia cac nha giao iSo th^nh, cac nha quan ly nha khoa hpc, cac chuyen gia giao due hang dSu nhu GS Hoang Tuy, GS Pham Tat Dong (iS, NGND Nguyen Ngpc Lanh vv Trong do, van de cai each giao due va doi mdi phuong phap day hpc dupe phan tich dudi nhieu goc dp khac nhau, nhung tiiu trung lai deu thong nhat o mpt diem; nSng luc thyc te ciia sinh vien thSp so voi yeu cau ciia xa hpi hang van HS SV trudng chua tim dirpc viec lam thich hop Dieu phan dnh thuc te la nen giao due Viet Nam mang nang tinh ly ihuvCM khong gan vdi thuc tien cang xa rdi dan xa rdi lao dpng, xa rdi thuc te cupc song kCM qua la mpt so ldn sinh vien hpc xong dai hpc nhung chua co "nghe" khong co kha nang htii nhap khong hiCni minh can lam cai gi, lam nhu the nao Bang viec phac hpa hire tranh loan canh viec diiy va hpc nha trudng hien va phan tich nhung kho khan, ban che ciia he thong trudng lop, nhirng ton tai thuc te viec to chirc va doi mdi phuong phap day hpc, tac gia neu va de xuat mpt so kinh nghiem \k giai phap thiet thuc nham Gdn ly thuyet v&i ihuc lien, van dung kien thirc phuc vu eugc sdng viec day va hpc mon vat ly hien nay, nham gop phan tao sir hao hirng, kich thich tinh tich cue va sang tao hpc tap cua hpc sinh Tir khoa: Doi mdi phuong phdp dgy hgc, gdn li thuyet vdi thuc tien, kien thirc phuc vu cuoc song, tich cue tu luc linh hogt, sdng tgo DAT VAN DE Tai eugc tga dam "Ddi mdi can ban va loan dien giao due va dao tao" dviqc td ehire vao djp khai giang nam hgc mdi 2011-2012 tai Ha Ndi, nguyen Phd chii tjch nudc Nguyen Thj Binh khang djnh: "Can bet sire coi trgng viec bdi dudng nang lire tu dgc lap, sang tao cho hgc sinh, ehi cd nhu vay nha trudng mdi dao tao dirge nhirng cdng dan tir tin, tir chli, tu lap de ed trach nhiem ddi vdi ban than, gia dinh va xa hgi" Ngay sau hdi thao, mgt phong trao "Cimg nghT suy va bien ke cho giao due" da thu hut dugc sir hudng irng cua ddng dao cac tang ldp cua xa hgi, the hien qua hang ngan bai viet dirge dang tai tren cac phuong lien truyen thdng, ed nhung y kien phan tieh, danh gia va de xuat het sire sau sac va tam huylt ciia cae nha giao lao thanh, cac nha quan ly, nha khoa hgc, cac chuyen gia giao due hang dau nhu GS Hoang Tuy, GS Pham TSt Dong, GS Nguyen Nggc Lanh vv ' Tel: 0913005415 Van de cai each giao due noi chung va doi mdi phuong phap day hgc ndi chung diroc nhin nhan va phan lich dudi nhieu goc nhirng deu thong nhat d mdt diem: nang lire thuc te ciia sinh vien hien eon thap so vdi yen cau ciia xa hdi, nen hang nam hang van HS SV trudng ehua tim dugc viec lam thich hgp Dieu dd phan anh mpt thue te la nen giao due Viet Nam mang nang tinh ly thuyet, xa rdi thue te cuoc sdng ket qua la mot sd Idn sinh vien hoc xong dai hgc nhung chua ed "nghe" khdng cd kha nang hdi nhap khdng hieu minh can lam cai gi lam nhu the nao Tai cude thi ve ky nang tre the gidi (World Skills) to ehire d Anh vao dau thang 10 nam 2011 vira qua, rat ddng thi sinh ehiing ta tham dir nhung khdng doat dugc huy chugng nao, cac ban tre lir Dai Loan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Macao gianh dirge rat nhieu (theo Vietnamnet.vn/vn/giaa-due, ntiay 10/10/2011) Trong gidi ban bai viet ngan tac gia xin kbdng trinh bay nhirng van de mang tinh li luan, va htic thuat ma ehi neu van dk va de NUUVCMI Minh i iin i.ip chi Kl lOA I lOC^ & C()NG NCJHE xuiit miil Viii giiii phiip cu the thiCM thi,t'c llieo dimg tinh ihiin; eimg suy nghi vii liiCMi kc eho giao due ma Hti (iiiio diic vii Diio tao diiim phtit ddng Nhung Viin tic mii tiic gin trinh bay lii sir diie kcl tir nluing kCM qua thu tlutvc qua dgi khao Siit lir 600 tliii lutvng hi cim ho sinh v icii cmi Dai hgc Thiii Nguy CMI dugc iriCMi khai viio dliu mini hgc 2010-201 vira qua khudn khd dir an Giao due d^ii IKK' 2, dudi si,r hgp tac ho trg cua rirdng diii lu.ic Melburn ,\iislralia Nhfrng giai phiip dc xuiit dut.rc irinh bay eiin la kCM qua eua sir khao eiru vii trai nghicMii cua ban thiin qua ban 30 nam true tiep giang di.iy mdn hoc va tham gia cting liic quan li vc diio tao tai eae irinVng dai hgc tiie gia mudn neu ICMI de eiing thao luiiii va chia sc vtri ciic thiiy cti Ciic biui ddng nghit}p Biii bao cimg da tham khao ciic bao cao nhan xet danh giii cua ciic chuyen gia ma lae gia da tirng dugc hgp tac liim v it}c khoang 10 nam gan day thdng qua cac dir iin lien quan CICMI dao tiiti lai Iruiing dai bgc "i' dirge-Dai hgc Thai Nguyen, nhir dir an Vitjt nam Ha lan (Diio tao hirdng cdng ddng) du an CBl: (Dao tao dua tren cting ddng) dir an Bae sT gia dinh v v Tac gia eiing suu tam vii tham khao rat nhiCni bai V C i M eua cac nha uiao cac chuven uia giao due trCMi ciic tap ehi vii eiic trang thdng tin qua mang internet v li dii trich diin bai v icl niiy PHAC HOA TOAN CANH THUC IE VU.t DAY VA H(.X' TRONCi NHA TRUONd HIEN NAY Tnrde het la o' cac ciip hgc phd thdng: viin la mdt ke hoach giang diiy mgt bd giiio iin dugc quy djnh cimg nhac tir hinh llurc dCMi ngi dung: luan mio hgc gi'.' tung chuong tirng liet phai diiy ciii gi day nlur tik' niio tin thay dCni phai bam viio S(iK phai "lap trinh" ehi tiCi vii phai dugc mdt hgi ddng (bao gdm ca nhfrng ngudi khdng thudc duiyCMi ngiinh) phe duvet tir dau mdi nam hgc (1 liiu bet nhung ke hoach dd sau nhieu nam dirdng nhu khiing cii gi mdi lir khudn mau den ndi dung kien thiic trinh tir, each thirc trinh biiy v v dai the niim sau na na nam triidc nhirng nam nao cung phai "chep lai" va "phe diiyel" lai) 64 91(03); - I rong gid hgc phd bii-n nhiil van la moluyp thiiy iltic thoai tiXMi b^ic giiing tr dudi nam siiu eh^ic ht.rc tni chen chiic eiim ciii ghi chep vim vtr, hoac diinh iliiii \i\o siich giao khoa co khiie chiTiig mtit sd thiiy cti siing kien soan in photo Siin biii giang phiil eho hgc sinh dc giam cting sire tluiyct giang cua thiiy va ghi chep cmi lid Nhirng mim giin diiy nhd sir phd cap tirng bude eua miiy tinh va miiy chiCui cimg vdi kT niing sir dung va khai tluie cac irng dung ciia tin hi,)c va CNI T dan dugc nang len, sd lirgng cac thiiy cd soi.iii va sir diiiig bai giang dien tir lang ICMI diic bid hiiu hcl ciic bai giang dCMi dirge soan that) biing eae phiin mem ehuy en dung nhu Povvcpoint Ironpiige v v giiip cac bai giang trd iKMi sinh ddng hap dan hon nhd kCM hgp mpt sd hicMi irng vc mau s^e iim () mdt miic nao dii eae bai giang di(}n tu miy Cling da phat buy hieu qua giao dye nhat djnh giam dirge thiTi gian trinh bay bang va cdng sire ghi chep cua hgc sinh sinh \ iCMi tao khdng biio hirng thii cudn bin ngirdi hoc hon nhir tinh true quan va sir mdi me boat ddng hgc tap \ itic soiin thao biii giang diCMi tir Cling lii co hgi dc eae ihiiy co giao bo sung, hoan lW\cn kicMi thirc eimg nhu nhieu kT niing su pham nhiil la cac thiiy cd giao trc hoiTc khdng dugc diio tiio qua lit: thdng cac iru'iTng sir pham uy iihiCMi ban die vc cdng nang hau bet cac biii giang viin edn khii don dieu va dc tro UCM! nhiim chan sir "\ldi mdi" ehu yCui van ehl dirng o hinh thire vii phuong tien day va hoc, ban chiit cua quii trinh day vii hgc van theo phuong phiip truy CMI thdng: Thiiy van la trung liim vii ud viin lii ddi tugng tiep nhan kicMi thire mi)l each ihii dgng Ihiim ehi, qua mot thdi gian sir dung, bat dau xuin hien nhfrng ket qua khdng mong muon: mgt sd thiiy ed giiio cd bieu hien y nai cac bai giang d'\cn tu, diin den khau ehuan bj bai so' sai, mdt sd bai giang dudng nhu ehi la sir cat vim vii dan iiguytMi si tirng doan giao trinh vao cac slide, lam mat di y nghTa thirc sir cua mgt bai giang la ggi md, djnh hirdng, dan dat khuyen khich sir tham gia, boat ddng ciia hoe sinh gid hgc Viec lam dung qua lUUC ' Nguyin Minh Tan Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE cae hieu irng ve hinh anh, am thanh, mau sac nhieu trirdng hgp gay phan cam, phan tan sir tap trung eiia sinh vien: Mdt sd thay dan lang kT nang quan li, dieu tiet khdng Idp bgc qua ehii tam vao ban phim, nhap chudt va man hinh may tinh, sinh VICMI ngoi khoanh lay "xem" bai giang cita ihiiy ma mat dan kT nang tham gia xay dung bai bgc, mdt sd bat dau ngii giit hay quay ndi chuyen rieng (!) Trong cac giang dudng dai hoc linh hinh Cling khdng kha quan hon .Xin minh cluing bang mdt v i du "ngudi thuc v ice thuc" liiy tir ,Sd lay sinh vien tren trang web eiia mcil trudng dai hgc: luu lugng sinh v icn nam hpc 2010-2011 la 6000 thudt: he dao tao vdi ma nganh dai hoe 23 mii nganh sau dai hpe ma nganh trung hoc ma ngiinh cao dang, sd can bd thirc giang (cd bang thac sT tra ICMI) khoang 200, tdng sd gid giang quy chuan khoang 150.000 gid/nam hgc Nhir vay sd gid thuc giang ciia I giang v i(5n trung binh khoang 800 tiet/nam hgc tinh ca gid coi thi eham bai eon sd xap xi 1000 nghTa la binh quan mdi thay phai dirng Idp 56 tiet/ (tham chi, nhieu thay rieng sd gid giang vugt djnh mire cung xap xi sd tren) Thdi gian dau gianh cho nang cao kien thiic chuyen mdn nghiep vu su pham nghien eiru khoa hgc sinh boat bd mdn, ndi gi den viec chli trgng ddi mdi phuong phap Trong cac Idp hgc, mac dii da dugc ggi la ap dung phuang thirc dao tao theo tin chi nhung, each thuc td chiic va tien trinh mdt gid giang thue chat khdng khac gi nhieu so vdi cap hoc phd thdng da md la d tren, nghTa la: Idp hgc van la "dien dan" rieng cua thay, va tro van la nhung ngudi "du khan" day la chua ndi dCMi, tinh trang mdi phdng bgc phai sii' dung den ea mdt ngay, ljeh giang duge bd tri sit tir dau nam den tiing phdng hgc, mdn hgc, tiet hgc (Mdi buoi tiet hgc, chia ca, keo tir 6h30 den 12h00 buoi sang, tir I2h30 din I7h30, va tir I8h30 ddi 23h00 budi ch'\k\ va tdi, ca trudc ehua bet gid, ea sau da chd true tiep quan phdng hgc!) (Tac gia xin phep khdng neu ten website, ten tru'dng, nhung xin dam bao tinh xac thirc va chju trach nhiem ve thdng tin trich dan) 91(03): 63 69 Vdi mdt thuc trang nhu vay, vitic thay vii trd ehay xd cho "khdp" Ijeh, khdi "chdng pha" da la bet bet sire ed giing IKMI dii cd liim huyet Cling khd ed the van dung vii iriCMi khai ciic phuong phiip giang diiy mdi nhu thao luan nhdm, ddng vai tir phiil hidi vii giai quyet Viin dc diiy vii hpc theo du iin v v,, (iAN LY IIIUYEI V(')l fHl.iC TIEN VAN DUN(i KIEN IHUC PIRJC VU (IIAI PHAP DON (MAN CUOC SONCi VA THIET Till I( Thuc trang irCMi mgl liin nira khang djnh; '(iii Ciich giiio due manh me toiin didi vii trid de la menh Idih khiin ciip cua cucic sdng hien " Van dc lii o chd: cai ciich nhu the nao? I rong llic ciic nhii khoa hgc quiin li giiio due cdn dang luan ban vc " trid ly giao due" cua Vict Nam giai doan mdi cac chuyen gia Vein ehua thdng nhiit quan diem cai each giao due bat dau lir dau liic cac nha nghien eiru cdn dang ldng kd danh gia va thu nghiem cac md hinh phuong phap day hoc mdi vdi cuong vj mot giao vien Vat ly da vti dang giang day lai mdt trudng dai hpc tac gia xin dugc tham gia y kien nham hudng irng phong trao "ciing suy nghT vii hien ke cho giao due" khdng dudi gdc cua mtit nha nghien eiru ly luan ma don gian chi la chia se mot vai kinh nghiem vii giai phap rat eu the ddi vdi V iec day mdn Vat ly hien Vat ly la mdn hgc giiip hgc sinh biel each dat va tra ldi cau hdi "lai sao" v a "nhu the nao" trudc tat ca cac sir vat hien tuong xay the gidi lir nhien ndi chung va cude sdng hang ndi rieng Theo each hieu dd Vat ly hpc la mot mdn khoa hgc irng dung, lay thue nghiem lam nen tang de phat hien vii lam sang lo biin chat, eo che, ddng lire ciia ciic hidi tuong va ciic quii trinh tu nhien, nghiCMi eiru lae ddng vii anh hirdng ciia cae lae nhan viit ly len the gidi lu nhien va van dimg mot ciich khoa hgc vao thuc te cude sdng, phuc vu thid thuc cho Igi ich ciia ngudi Nhu vay ben canh nhirng van de mang tinh Iv luan nhu can phai xac djnh mue lieu, nhidn VII, ddi tuong, va cae phuong phap day hpc, thi trudc het, vii khdng kem phan quan trong, la tao du'o'c sir hao hii'ng trirdc mdi mot nhiem VII hoc tap, kich thieh sir tieh cue, sang lao 65 Nguyen Minh Tiin fgp chi KHOA HOC & C()NG NGHE eiia hoc sinh thdng qua vitl'c ehi eho ciic em Ihiiy duge sir ciin thid, tinh thuc lien (thgm chi cd the coi lii thyc di,ing) ciia mdi kicMi thirc, mdi biii hgc mil ciic em slip IICMI hiinh Ndi ciich khiie, ngoiii cai dieh chung lii kicii thirc, ky niing vii thai dt^i, thi trudc bd, lige sinh phai hinh dung dirge: biii hoe hdm nay, Ciic em sc duge hgc ciii gi? hgc de liim gi? Mudn viiy, ngudi thay pliiii ludn cd giing tim ldi dc giin ket duge nhirng kiCMi llurc eua bai hgc dd vdi thue I ICMI ehi dirge irng d^mg hiru ich gi.ri y each viin d^iiig mgl each cii the Viio cude sdng hang ngiiy Chua cd milt cdng trinh nao lid kc mpt each diiy dli vii loan didi ciic dc tiii durirng irinh, dy an nghicMi eiru vc ddi mdi giiio di,ie Vii dao tao nhiCMi theo nhung dicu tra ban dau qua ciic kenh thdng tin tren mang lai cac thu V itlMi Vii eae ngudn (ham khao eua ciic liic gia cd cdng trinh saeh vii bai viet lien quan, Tac gia thdng ke va tam phan loai mdt sd hudng nghien ciru trgng lam nlur sau: Co sd phuong phap luan cua li luan day hgc, ban chat va linh quy luat eiia qua trinh day hgc Md hinh day hgc, eau triic ndi dung, ehuang trinh Ddi mdi ve mue dieh day bgc va mue lieu eua giao due ddi tugng tinh chat vii nguyen tac giao due cae md hinh phat trien giao due cac phu0ng phap tiep can gia trj khoa hgc giao due va nhirng djnh hudng eho giiio due dai hgc Viet nam Ljeh sir phat trien va cac tu tudng trid hoc giao due eiia cac nitac tren the gidi vii eua Viet Nam Md hinh id chirc dao tao kiCun djnh vii danh gia chat lugng cac phuang tluie dao tao lien liCMi Dac bid tap trung nhat, sdi ddng nhiit hi ciic nghien eiru ddi mdi phuang phap day hgc (PPDH) nhu: PPDH X\r nghicMi eiru, phat hidi lai, PPDH neu vii giai quyet viin de PPDH tuang tac day hgc theo du an, day hgc theo gdc vv dd la cac PPDH cu the thudc he thdng cac PPDH tich cue lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam, ggi tat la he thdng eae phuong phap day - tu hgc Trong khudn khd bai bao, rat khd de cac nghien eiru va cae tac gia ITnh vuc chl xin dugc dan cir mdt sd tac gia lien quan 66 91(03): 63-69 den mdn hgc Vat li nhu: Richard Eeynman Renikop, A.V Pcrirskin P.A Znamenxki, A.V Muraviep, fhai Duy luyen, Nguyen Canh loan Pham Minh lae Dang Vii Hoat, Lc Khdnh Bang, Nguyen Van Khai, To Van Binh, Nguyen Dire Tham Pham Xuan Que, Pham Huu Tdng Nhu viiy, cd the khang djnh van de bai bao neu khdng mdi rat nhiCni ngirdi da phan tieh, nhitini saeh da vid song lir sach vd den th^i'c 111' cdn khoang each kha xa Ly khdng phai vi qua khd nhung cung khdng that dan gian ngoai nhirng khd khan khaeh quan nhu da phiin tich Tren ve mat chii quan ddi hoi ngircri thiiy phai cd nghiep vu su pham, phai cd mdt vdn kien thirc chac vii trai nghidn thuc lc them vao dd, ngirdi thay phiii dau tu nhieu thcri gian suu tam tai lieu, phai dgc nghiCMi ngam phai lam thu va van dung thu Qua thue te nhieu niim dugc hirdng dan gop y cho cac bai giang va "xet diiyet" giao an cho eae ddng nghiep tre tac gia nhan thay ban ehe ndi IrtMi the hidi tir v it}c xac djnh mue lieu cua tirng bai hgc mdn hpc dd mac dii hau bet ciic thay cd giao tre deu lam dimg cdng thire nghTa la da ehi du ca cae mue lieu ve kien thire ky nang \a thai dp nhirng ciic mue lieu dd deu chung chung dirdng nlur cd the ap dung eho liit ca eae tiet htx mon hgc ma nit hiCMii cd dirge ciic mue lieu nhu ro rang, eu the co tinh djnh hirdng eho tiet hpc dac biet lii ciic mue lieu co tinh thuc tien thirc dung, giin vdi nhu ciiu cuoc sdng Vc ly thuy et, tnrde mdi bai giang ciic thay deu thuc hidi bude "viio dc " song each dat van de thirdng khd cimg miiy mdc hau het chi don thuan la lid ke nhung ngi dung hay nhirng cdng V iti'c ehinh eua bai hgc sap tien hanh Ky nang khoi day hirng thii hgc tap tao sir hao hirng thdng qua viec gan ly thuyet vdi th\re hanh, irng dung kien thire saeh vo phuc vu lien eugc sdng can tranh mang tinh cong thire: neu phan "ma bai" hay liet ke ket thiic bai bgc, ma nen van dung linh hoat va xuyen sudt tien trinh bai hgc, o bat eir thdi diem nao, ndi dung kien thirc nao cd the Vi du: Djnh luat bao loan nang lugng duos coi la kinh dien nhat, tat ca hoe sinh deu nhd Nguyin Minh Tan Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE thuoc va phat bieu trdi ehay duge hdi nhung hieu sau sac va bid each van dung thuc te thi khdng phai don gian Vi vay, sir hao hirng va hieu qua gid hoc se eao hon rat nhieu, neu dau, giua hoac cudi bai hgc, thay dua mgt sd md hinh vc y ludng "ddng CO' vTnh eiru" de hgc sinh tranh luan va phan bien, tir dd, tao nhu eau va hirng thii de giai quyet "mau thuan" giua each ly giai ciia tac gia va thuc te ma hgc sinh quan sat,trai nghiem hang ngay! Ciing cd neu mdt vai hidi tugng rat thirdng gap thue te nhu: tai nhung ngudi ed tudi thudng dap xe theo kieu "danh vdng" len ddc? Tai ngudi la khdng lam dudng thang vat qua dinh ma lai lam dudng ngoan ngheo quanh sudn niii qua deo? Thay ed the ggi y cac em van dung kien thire cua bai hgc de giai thich Trong bai Luc ma sat, ngoai nhirng v i du chi saeh giao khoa, hay nh&ng bai tap "kinh dien" thay cd the neu tinh hudng rat "thaf" nhu: can di chuyen mdt cai tii nang tii' gdc sang gdc cua can phdng, cac em hay bien ke xem ed each nao dd tdn sue nhat? De djnh hudng tranh luan, thay cd the dua nhiJng hinh ve buc anh ve cac giai phap thuc Khdng Idp hgc se hao ban rat nhieu neu thay cho cae em xem mdt doan video ve viec "than den" Viet Nam di chuyen ca mdt tda nha bang cac than cay gd khien ca the gidi phai kinh ne! Hien tugng tham thau, mao dan se rat de hieu, de nhd neu thay ggi y de hgc sinb van dung dl giai thich nhQ-ng hien tirgng hang ma cac em khdng ngd tdi: Tai nudc lai "ehay nguge" tir goc len nggn cay? Tai ca bien sdng nhilu nam nude bien ma van nggt thjt, nhung ngam nude mudi, ehi mi5t vai se man chat (ca mam) Tai ngirdi bj phii phai an nhat, tai nhirng chd bj mun, nhpt va dap tren ca the lai sung tay? Chanh, s4u ngam nude se truong len va nhiin dan ra, nhung ngam nude mudi thi khd quat va ran lai vv "Sire cang mat ngoai" la mdt khai niem khd day va khd nhd, nhien, tinh hinh se khac ban, neu nhu thay biet ggi cho cac em quan sat va phan tfch vl nhirng hien tugng thuc 91(03): 63-69 lien nhu: Sau hiit thuoc vao xilanh thay thudc ludn day pitlong eho mdt lia thudc thoat trudc tiem eho ngudi bdih? nhiing ngudi thg lan duge khuyen eao khdng lao Icn khdi mat nude mdt ciich dpi ngdt; eiic chuyen gia thudng khiiyCMi cho trc sir sinh "bli me" nen eho mdi be ap chat quanh biiu vii (neu thiiy cd kheo neu van de mdt each "di ddm" chac chan khdng Idp hgc sc rat sdi ddng vii hao hirng!) Den nhieu thay ed quan nidn phdng thi nghidn la mdi trudng tdt nhat cho cac em thuc hanh dieu dd diing nhung chua du Hau het cac bai thi nghidn thuc hanh vat ly chuang trinh SGK va PTN hidi deu rat cu don dieu ca ve dung eu lan thao tac Hau bet, cae bai thuc hanh van dui yt:ii mang tinh minh hga lai, lap lai nhirng thi nghiein ciia cac nha khoa hgc da lam may md va phat minh cac djnh luat va cdng thiic vat ly each day hang the ky Ndi chung, khdng dap irng mue lieu ren luyen ky nang thao lac va kha nang van dung sang tao eua hgc sinh Ngay ca nhu'ng phdng thi nghidn dirge coi la hidi dai, dupe dau tu kha ddng bd gan day, vdi nhirng bd dung eu thl nghidn kd ndi may tinh, cd phan mem dieu khien va sir ly kd qua, thi cac bai thi nhidn duge trien khai, ve ban chat van chi la cac bai thi nghiem cu, ehi khac hinh thirc thi nghiem da duge cai tien va mdt sd thao tac dugc sd hda, dd, hieu qua ciia cac thi nghidn chua cao, chua thue sir gan vdi thuc tien, ehua tao sir hirng thii va khuyen khich sir sang tao Gia nhu, ben canh cae bai thi nghidn dupe thid ke "eirng" cae thay tao co' hpi cho cae em dupe tien hanh nhirng bai thue hanh "ddng" mang linh thuc te ban, chac chan sir hao hirng va hieu qua se cao hon rat nhieu Chang ban, ben canh viec dem xac djnh mdt vai dai lirgng didi bang eau winslon kinh dien, hay dau ndi mdt vai mach dien theo eae SO' mau cd san, se tdt ban nhieu, neu dat cho cac em nhidn vu thue te: ve, phan tich va dau ndi mgt mach dien eau thang, ma d bat cir vj tri nao cung bat dugc bdng dien d phia sap den va tat duge bdng dien d phia vira di qua Mdt vi du khac: ve sa phan tich nguyen ly, dau ndi mach dien cua mgt ndi com dien 67 NmivLMi Minh I an ap cl KHOA ll()C& CONG NGHE cd die lit); miu (iihit,M liitvng ciio) vii ii (nhid lui.rng lliiip) linh loiiii ddng dicn vii cdng suiil tiCMi lhi,i (hue tc theo tliiili liuil Om vii kiciii chirng Ining ddng hd didi () mdt (hi nghiem khiic; cimg vtVi ihanh nam chiim Vii cudn diiy de cluing minh hk'ii tiitrng cam ung va xac dinh giii tri chieu cua lire didi lir cd the gtri v vii iicii ni eho ciic em nhirng cdng v itl-c rat cii the nlur: ve vii phiin tich so ^\(^ nguyCMi ly cai chudng iliCMi hay; dc xuiit y tiituig md hinh thid kc mdt thid bj dCMu sd xc qua mpt tram kiCMU soiit sd ngirdi vao sicii thj Irong bai thi,re himh; Do miit d(} birc xii thay V i dem ngudn phdng xii bang hp thdng thid bj (icigcr Muylcr (rat dat licMi va khdng an toan) cd the luidng dan ciic em sir d\ing bill phdng xii (nil re ticn phd biCMi vii de kiem tren thj iririTiig) de thue hanh vice miit dti birc Xll eua man hinh IV miiy linh, tram biCMi the, , yCMi ciiu cac em tir kd luiin vii dua nhfrng khuyen eao phii hgp vdi thuc le NCMI chju khd quan sat vii bict each viin dung Idng ghep v ice gan ket kien thirc sach v o v tii thuc te cude sdng hang edn cd the thuc hidi thdng qua rat nhiCMi cac v i du da dang vii phong phli hcl sire gan gui vdi eugc sdng sinh boat hang Chang ban: giai thieh nguytin li hoai diing eua chiec bep tir? Thire an Id siiy cao liin eua nha em dirge nau chin theo ea die nao?; Ngudi thg han nam tay vao viit kim loai dan didi (cd ddng didi khoang 50 A, Idn giip hang tram lan ddng didi ehay qua bdng dcMi) ma khdng bj "didi giai"? May phiit didi lit ngudn nude khe nude sudi mil ndng diin mien niii hay dimg binh dun nude ihiii duong nang boat ddng nlur the mio? CJiai thich ctr so Vat li eua cac phuong phap ehira bgih rat phd bicn khoa Vat ly trj lidi nhu: didi cham didi phan, kich didi chieu - chup didi cat ddt khdi u bang "dao dien" chua bdih bang tia hdng ngoai, lir ngoai vv Mdt vai vi du neu tren cung dii de khang djnh: viec van dung nhiing kien thire saeh va vao thuc te rd rang rat da dang, het sire phong phii va hoan loan kha thi neu nhu eiic thay ed giao chju khd dau tu thdi gian ed y thue chuan bj cho mdi bai giang mdi gid len ldp gidng nhu 68 91(03); 63-69 linh Ihiin tiip luydi eiia iniit eau thii chuyen nghitjp trinrc siin thi diiu, dii la cau thii gioi dli lii dpi bdng manh, dii la ddi thii cii, nlurng mdi miia bdng mdi Iran dau deu chira di,rng nhung linh tiet mdi dem lai sir hap dan mdi vii hiia hen nluing bat ngir diiy hirng thii fhCMii Viio dd xiiii cluing ta viin quan niCMii Ciic phiit minh mdi ve khoa hgc ky thual Vii cdng light; phai xuiit phat lir cac trudng dai hpe Ciic viCMi nghien eiru cac phdng ihf nghidn va di vao tlure lc ddi sdng Nhung thire tc eho thiiy nhung I tlison Bill (iatc (dug chu eua Microsoft) Steve Jobs, (dug chu cua Aple) Sergey Brin (dng ehu eua (loogle) vdi nhii'iig y tuang nhung phat minh nhirng cdng nghe va san pham dirge sinh tir nhirng nha kho gdc gara de xe phdng trg da lam IKMI mdt cude each miing vi dai ve khoa hpc cdng nghe liic ddng v ii lam thay ddi loan bp diri sdng viit chiit va tinh thiin ciia hang fy ngiriii tren trai dat lai ehi la nhirng eau he chay thu nhirng hgc sinh chira he co tam bang dai hgc Vid Nam nhir ehiing ta da thay gan day xuat hidi kha nhiCui san pham ky thuat va cdng nghe nhu "miiy gat dap HCMI hiip xach lay" may gieo xii may biic lae diiu ca phe thiim chi ca "may bay ICMI lining phun thudc trir siiu" nluing san pham dd lo rat dac d\ing thuc tc nhung hau hd khdng duge ddi tir cac phdng thi nghidn cac Iru'iTiig dai hgc ciic v idi nghiCMi eiru cong nghe llic gia cimg chang co bang cap danh vi ui imoiii danh xirnu ehunu lii "Hai kia" NCMI chang cac thiiy cd giao danh tbcri gian suu liim, tirt hieu hirdng diin ggi y eho hpc sinh nghiCMi eiru nhiing san pham dimg nhirng quy lac, djnh luat viii ly cac bai giang de giiip cho ciie nha "sang ehe bat dac d f phan cdng v it}c ma hg khdng lam dugc la giai thieh nguyen li eau tao, nguyen tac lam V iec CO' che boat dgng ciia nhirng thid bj ma hg da sang che Cd the dd cfmg la mdt phuong thire de gan ly thuyet vdi thuc te dua kien thire vao thirc tien, phuc vu ddi sdng? ndi each khac, thay vi each tu thdng thirdng la dua kiln thirc sach vd vao thuc tien hay tu theo chieu Nguyin Minh Tan Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGI 11 nguge lai: lay thirc lien cuoc sdng lam sang Id ly thuyet, lay thuc te bd sung cho kiln thirc giao khoa Phai chang, dd ciing la mdt hirdng tilp can mpt ggi y ddi vdi cae thay ed giao cac nha giao due? KET LUAN Trong liie chd dgi mdt "trill ly giao due" mgl giai phap tdng the eho cai each giiio due llic eae Bd, nganh cae nha quan ly dang lim kiem ngudn kinh phi dau lu de nang cap CO sd lang va trang thid bj dd dimg day hpc hang ebue trieu hpc sinh hang chue van thay ed giao van ngay den trirdng boat ddng day va hgc van dien va dd v it}c tri va dam bao chat lugng day va hgc van ludn la trach nhiem eua mdi thiiy cd mdi nha trirdnu 91(03); 63-69 ciro'ng V i cua minh, mdi Ihiiy cd giao hoiin loan cd the tham gia vii gdp phan tieh cue viio sir nghiep ddi mdi nen giiio due nudc nhii tir nhfrng giai phiip do'n giiin vii thid thue nhiit, Dd ehinh la dicu ma lac gia mudn giri gam qua biii vid ngan miy TAI LIEU THAM KIlAo 11] Phan ST An, (2005), /./ sinh y hgc Nxb Y hpc Hii Nt)i [2] Giiio due hpc Dtii hpc, (2000) ( hii lieu tap huan cua trirdng CBQI (iiiio due va Dao tao) [3| Do Ngpc Dat (1997) TiJp cdn hicn dai hogt dgng dciy hcic Nxb DIIQC} Ha Npi [4] Nguvcn Villi Khiii (2008) /./ lugn dav hgc veil li otnn'rngphd thdng Nxb Giiio due 15) Phan Trpng Ngp (2005) Dciy hgc vd PPDH nhd trirong Nxb DIISP lei Npi [6] Nguv CMI Canh Toan (1998) (Jud Irinh dgy- tu hoc Nxb Giao due SUMMARY EXCITE INTEREST AND CREATIVITY IN LEARNING PHYSICS BY MERGING THE SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE WITH PRACTICAL LIFE Nguyen Minh Tan Thai \i;iiycn [ nivcr.siiy The campaign "Along design thinking and dedication to education" has attracted a large response of all classes of society, including analysis of comments, reviews and recommendations profound and enthusiasm of the veteran teachers, managers, scientists, the leading education experts, such as Prof Hoang Tuy Prof Pham Tat Dong and Prof NGND Nguyen Ngoc Lanh In their works, the issue of education reform and innovation of teaching methods are analyzed in many different angles, but boiled down to agree on one point: the actual capacity of the school students created by the much lower than the requirements of society, so every year, tens of thousands of students could not find a suitable job after'graduating This reflects the fact that education in Vietnam remains too theoretical, not attached to realitv more and more away from people, away from work, avvav from real life As a result, a large number of students completing college but no "job'', not capable of integration, they not know what and how to else By sketching the picture of teaching and learning in schools today and analyze the difficulties and limitations of the school system, the real exkstence of the organization and innovative teaching methods, the author pointed out and proposed a number of experiences and practical solutions to associate theory with practice, using knowledge of life in the service of teaching and learning physics today, to help create excitement stimulating positive learning and creativity in our students Key words: Innovation of leaching methods, associate theoty with practice, knowledge of life, positive, independence, flexiblity crealivily Tel: 0913005415 69 ... dan kT nang tham gia xay dung bai bgc, mdt sd bat dau ngii giit hay quay ndi chuyen rieng (!) Trong cac giang dudng dai hoc linh hinh Cling khdng kha quan hon .Xin minh cluing bang mdt v i du... vu su pham nghien eiru khoa hgc sinh boat bd mdn, ndi gi den viec chli trgng ddi mdi phuong phap Trong cac Idp hgc, mac dii da dugc ggi la ap dung phuang thirc dao tao theo tin chi nhung, each... lieu, nhidn VII, ddi tuong, va cae phuong phap day hpc, thi trudc het, vii khdng kem phan quan trong, la tao du''o''c sir hao hii''ng trirdc mdi mot nhiem VII hoc tap, kich thieh sir tieh cue, sang