CAC THAO TAC TU DUY PHAN TICH, TONG H0P, SO SANH TROiG DAY HOC DAI SO U GIAI TJCH 0 T R U E HOC PHO THONG O NGUYEN TH! MY H A N G '''' Qud trinh tu duy cOo chu tfil nhdn tfiOc khi gidi quyet mdt nhl#m vy[.]
CAC THAO TAC TU DUY PHAN TICH, TONG H0P, SO SANH TROiG DAY HOC DAI SO U GIAI TJCH TRUE HOC PHO THONG O Q ud trinh tu cOo chu tfil nhdn tfiOc gidi quyet mdt nhl#m vy, mdt vd'n d l ndo dd boo gdm nhilu gioi dogn Cdc glal dogn cua qud frinh h/ chf phdn dnh dugc cd'ufrOebdn ngodi, edn ngi dung bdn frong cOa qud frinh dd lgi Id mdt qud frinh phiic tgp, d i l n dyo frdn ede thao tdc tuduy Trong tdm li hgc, cdc rfjoo tdc tu co ban boo gdm phdn tfch, so sdnh, ting hgp, tuong ty hda, truu tugng hda, khdl qudt hda, d^c bid! hda Bdl v i l t d l edp h^^l v l ^ rin luydn eho hgc sinh (HS) frung hgc phd riidng (THPT) cdc riiao tde tu duy: phdn tich, ting hgpvd so sdnh Cdc khai nl$m c a bdn Pfidn tich Id qud frinh dOng frf de tdeh cdi todn rill ro tiing bd ph^n tfieo mdt ddu hidu vd tfiudc tfnh cua chOng d l nghidn cOu, gidl quylt vdn d l mdt cdch ddy dO vd sdu sdc hon Ting hgp Id qud frinh dOng fri dc lidn kit nhihig bg (^dn,tfiudch'nh, nhCNigtfidnhphdn dd dugc phdn tdeh riidnh mdt chinh t h i riidng nhd't, dem Igi mdt kit qud m6l v l mdt sy vgt, mdt hien h/gng ndo d6 Phdn Heh vd tdng hgp Id hoi hogt dgng frf hje frdl ngugc nhou nhung lgi Id hoi mdt cuo mdt qud frinh tfidng nhdt Sy tdng hgp nhu Id mgt kit qud cOo qud trinh phdn tfch NhCmg hogt dgng frf hj$ khde d i u duge dien tren nln Idng cuo sy phdn tich vd tdng hgp So sdnh Id xde djnh nhifrig diem gidng vd khde nhou giira cdc sy vgt vd hidn hrong Trong dtay hgc Todn d phd thdng, nhd cd sy so sdnh md HS cd tfil quon sdt tryc tllp cdc ddc dilm gidng vd Ididc nhou bdn ngodi cOo ede sy vdt, hidn tugng eung nhu ede ddu hlfu, quan he bdn frong khdng nhdn tfiOc dugc fryc tllp md phdl tfldng qua cdc hogt dgng cOa Kr Mdt sd' bl$n phdp su [^gm nhdm rdn luy^n cde thoo Mc lu phdn Heh, tdng hgp vd so sdnh cho HS THPT Tap chi filao due s6 8 (M a • •/aoia) N G U Y E N TH! M Y H A N G ' Biin phdp 1: Khi dgy hgc khdl nlim (dinh li, quy tie) mdl, gido vlin (GV) cin hudng dan HS so sdnh vdi ede khdl nlim (dinh li, quy tde) dd biit di nhdn nhung diim gling vd khde nhau; qua dd, giup HS nSm vung vd khde sdu kiin fhuc mit cdch cd he thong Vf dy: Khi dgy hge v l edp sd cdng, GV cd t h i l$p bdng (ho^c hudng dan HS khdm phd dyo frdn cde vi dy ey tfil) so sdnh djnh nghTa, Hnh chd't cOo ed'p sd' edng, ed'p so nhdn d l tfidy dugc nhirng d i l m gid'ng vd khde nhou cOo hoi ddy sd ndy CipsAc4ng - Lft in(4 Xdt hdm sd /(x)=^/4^M + ^ / ^ trdn ' =6/*^> = V ^ ^ V # ^ ^ " ' ^ ^ - S u y r a h i f(x) dong b i l n tren [\-.^) Vi / [ £ = i ndn : r = i Id mgt nghidm cua PT Vdi x^^ tfii / W > / f | j = i ndn mgi x thudc khodng I ^•+*] khong phdl Id nghlim cOa PT Vdy « = - Trong dgy hgc todn, n l u GV td chue eho HS tdp luydn cdc tfiao tdc tu ndl chung, cdc tfiao hie phdn tieh, tdng h c ^ , so sdnh ndl ridng se giup ede em h i l u dugc bdn chdt cOo vdn de, cOng ed k i l n tfiue, hinh tfidnh nht/ng b i l u tugng phong pho, fryc quan v l k i l n tfiuc dd hgc, b i l l vdn dyng vdo cdc Hnh hudng tfiyc Hin • Id nghidm nhd't SUMMARY Analysis, synttiesls and comparison are three of the basic operations of thinking Thanks to analysis, synthesis and comparison that one can study things, phenomena, relations with their similar and different, general and specific signs This article has proposed some pedagogical measures aimed at training these operations for students cOo PT dd eho Phdn tieh, ddnh gid cdc edeh gldl: Cdch HS riiudng d p dyng gldl PT vd H chua cdn thOc bdc 2, h>c td binh phuong hai v l khdng dm d l Idm mdt dd'u cdn, cd Idp cdn thuc d l duo v l dgng co bdn J/{x) = g{x) Tuy nhidn, d bdl todn ndy, n l u chf chO frgng vdo vlec gldl PT ^x) - ^(x) riii HS se gdp khd khdn, cde em cdn dya vdo d i l u kl$n cd nghiem cuo PT (2) vd dieu kidn x^- de gidl edeh gldl tht/ , HS cdn nhdn riidy •'^ = - Id mgt nghiem cuo PT d d eho, vi vgy CO tfil b i l n ddl PT ve dgng ^J2x-\.g(x) = • Cdch Id mgt cdch gidl dge ddo Quon sdt, phdn h'eh, ddnh gid cde bleu tfiuc cd mdt frong PT eung vol dieu kien cOo bdl todn to dugc ^ = - Id nghidm nhd't cOo PT Vol cdch 4, HS g ^ p phdl kho khdn binh phuong hai v l , ede em se lidn tudng hfrl vide st> d y n g tinh ddng b i l n , nghjch b i l n cua hdm so Vide phdn tieh, ddnh gid cdc Idi gldl sd glOp HS ndm vung hon cde cdch gldl, gidi cdc PT khde hodc cdc dgng todn khde, cdc em se ed nhilu hudng suy nghT, linh hogt ehuyin huong tu T a p c h i filao d u e s o 8 (in a 6/aoia> THELEUIETUAGOIBOI NQi dung bdi vilt thuOc c^c Hnh vyc: -Qudnlfgi^odgc, - Tam li h(?c - sinh l( hpc liJa tufli; -tiiu^n gido dge; - Li lu$n d?y hpc; - Gido due nudc ngodi; vv 2.Bdivid't: - M6i b&i vie't khOng qu^ trang, ktifl'A4; phdng chO Times New Roman {Unicode), cd chi; 14, - Tdn bai bdo va t6m tat n^i dung bdi bSo trinh bdy bIng thit tife'ng; tie'ng Vi$t vd tifeng Anh, -Tdc gia gui bio in bdi vilt vd (5p &n bdl vife't d ^ Tod soan (theo dia chi Ban bidn t$p ghi trSn trang myc lyc cua Tap chQ - Chi3 thich Irong bdi ddnh sO theo \h\i ti; xud't hi$n - "rai li$u tham khic vd chu thich ghi dcuCS bdi (trinh ty: tdn tdc giS - tdn sdch/bdi b^o/vdn bin phdp quy - nhd xua't ban - noi vd nam xua't b^n) - Tod soan khfing trS iai bdi vilt nlu khOng ducK ddng 3.06 tidn liSn he, tdc gia c^n ghi ro dja chi cdng tdc sd di6n thoai, email vdo cud'i bdi TAPCHIGIAODUC # ... phdn tich di so sdnh ede sy vgt, hlin tugng theo nhiiu khia cgnh Idide nhau, xet d khia cgnh thi chung gid''ng nhung niu xit d Idiia cgnh khde thi Ididc ChOng to xet hoi bdi todn sou: Bdl todn... khong phdl Id nghlim cOa PT Vdy ô = - Trong dgy hgc todn, n l u GV td chue eho HS tdp luydn cdc tfiao tdc tu ndl chung, cdc tfiao hie phdn tieh, tdng h c ^ , so sdnh ndl ridng se giup ede em h i... nghidm nhd''t SUMMARY Analysis, synttiesls and comparison are three of the basic operations of thinking Thanks to analysis, synthesis and comparison that one can study things, phenomena, relations