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MOT SO BIEN PHAP BOI DUONG NANG LUC PHAT HIEN VA GUI QUYET V ^ ll£ m HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC m O ThS PHAN K H A C N G H ^ • ong dgy hgc (DH) Sinh hgc (SH) vlfc khoi ''''dfy d HS kr ndng (KN) h/ phdt hifn[.]
MOT SO BIEN PHAP BOI DUONG NANG LUC PHAT HIEN VA GUI QUYET V ^ ll£ m HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC m O ong dgy hgc (DH) Sinh hgc (SH) vlfc khoi 'dfy d HS kr ndng (KN) h/ phdt hifn v i n d l L (PHVD) Id m f t hogt d f n g quon hgng d l phdt hiln hr vd rfn luyfn cho HS KN h/ phdt hlfn vd gidl quylt vd'n d l (GQVD) SH Id Mioo hgc thyc nghlfm md d i l h/gng nghiSn cdu Id thi gldl sing, DH b f mdn ndy d hudng phi thdng, G V phdi b i l l phdt huy Igl t h i cOo mdn hgc d l rfn luyfn ndng Iyc h/ PHVD vd khd ndng G Q V D cho HS Trong phgm vl bdi vllt, chung tdi gldl thifu mft sd bifn phdp gdp p h i n fail oudng ndng Iyc PHVD cho HS hong qud Irinh DH SH Co sd cda vifc b i i duong ndng Iyc phdt klfn vd G Q V D hong DH Theo L b Lecne: « Vd'n dildcdu hdt (CH) ndy m hay duqc d^t cho chO tbi, md chu thi chua M Idl gldl to trude vd phdi Urn Idl sdng Iqo Idl gldl, nhung chu thi da cd sdn mdt sd phuong HSn ban ddu di sd dung thich hqp vdo vide tim UI nd'( 1) Nhu v f y , v i n d l Id mft Hnh huing ed tfnh vDa sue, thu hut vd h i p dan d i l vdt chf t h i (dua trf, ngudi hgc, d i l hjgng Hip thu ), vi t h i chij i h l muin khdm phd Hnh huing dd mft cdch diy du d l tdng thSm hilu blit DH phdt hlfn khfng phdi Id mdi md Id sy Hm cdi mdi vdl bdn thdn chu t h i , nd dugc dfng hong phgm vl nhd trudng phdt hlfn dugc hilu iheo nhilu cdch: «nggy 10 ngdy ddu dl hqc, dOa tri cdn phdt cdnhOng gidy phot sung sudngmSl phdt hl$nro dliu mdt kf Sv phdt hl^n dd cd id dil Id SI/ hiiu hit vi hdng hqt cdc si/ klfn ^'ta hdng ngdy xung quanh ndvdid m^phdn dia cufc ddi ndf Bronlbrd, hong nghUn edu Tifie//3E4I prob/Bm Soher - Con ngudi ll tudng gldl quyit cdc vdn di khd khdn (1984), da d l nghi thdnh phin GQVD Id: Nhdn difn vdn di; Tim hiiu ci)n kiv&tdikhd khdn; Dua gldl phdp; Thifchlfn gtdt phdp; Ddnh gtd hlfu qud vlfc ihifchlfn ftp CW Blip dpc s6 (id a • »/aoni ThS P H A N K H A C N G H ^ • ChOng lit quan nifm ring, PHVD dugc hilu theo nghTa: tim thdy cdt chinh minh chua blit vd cd nhu cdu mudn blit GQVD duqc nhfn djnh theo nghTa thdng thudng Id thlit Ifp nhOng phuong phdp thich Ong di gldl quyit cdc khd khdn, td ngql Nhu v f y , G Q V D vdo Id qud hinh, quy hinh, vdo Id phuong tif n cd nhdn sd dyng kiln thdc, kr nang (KN), kinh nghlfm cd dugc hudc dd d l gidl quylbmf t v i n d l md cd nhdn dd cd nhu c i u gidl quylt Vf dy sd dyng bifn phdp su phgm d l rdn luyfn K N d f t vd G Q V D hong DH SH / ; S I ; dl/ng ihi nghlfm vd CH, bdi t^p di ddn ddt HS 161 vdn di cdn phdi hlfn D i l vdl mdn SH, vlfc si> dyng thf nghlfm d l md phdng, chung minh cdc qud hinh SH Id hogt dfng nhim ggt md cho HS hudng h5i cdc v i n d l c i n phdt hlfn Trong DH SH d hudng THPT, dfc bift d i l vdl phin quy ludt di huyln, phin SH co t h i thyc v f t vd SH CO ttil dfng vft thi sd dyng cdc thf nghifm sS giup HS htlu dung bdn chit cOa v i n d l , K/ dd hilu rd dugc nfi dung kiln thOc cdo bdi Tuy nhiin, nlu dd hudng HS Idl v i n d l eOo bdi hgc Vf dy dgy bdi 11 tUin kdl gen vd hodn vl genT {SH 12), GV sd dyng thi nghifm hong SGK, kit hgp vdl cdc CH d|nh hudng di HS nhfn dugc v i n d l Tiln hinh DH g i m cdc bude: Sudc ) ; HS dgc thf nghlfm SGK vd ghi tdm t i t kit qud vdo vd; Boe2.GVn«uCH: i ; V J s o o H i / d i o n i i / G l i i n dt/c(IF (Xdm, ddi) kit phdn Hch ^1 k6 qud ddt IFbj chi cd loql hiu hinhf 2) Trong dd cdy dfuHd km FJhqt vdng, tron) lot phdn Hch thi ddlconlFblcd4kx/lkl& hinh? •TnNifTM^ !*•)gi bd cdc quv d|nh mdu mit, vl nlu gidi ifnh quy d|nh mdu gid ihuyit enua hgp If vd cuil cOng dl din aid nnitihi ruil mitdd si cho ddt cd 100% mil thuylt dOng VI dy dgy bdi 12«DllrvylnMn dd, ruil mil hing si cho ddt cd 100% mil hing; 3} Niu gen quy dfnh Hnh trqng i}dm kit vdt gldl Hnh vd dl truyin ngodi nhdnT (SH IrtnnhiimsdclhigldtHnblhlsoddkjl cda phip 12); Myc I • Dl truyin lUn kit vdl gldl Hnh Sou GV da sd dyng thi nghlfm d SGK vd hi ndy si vlil nhu ihi ndo? GV hudng din HS sd dyng cdc CH d|nh hudng d l HS phdt hifn ro vilt so d i lai vd dil chllu kit qud cOo thf nghlfm mdu thuin giOa hifn hjgng di huyln cOo Hnh vdt so d i lot md HS vdo vilt Td dd HS si ihiy hgng dfu Hd Lan vdl hlfn tugng di huyln cOo ring g/d i/)u/0^ hodntodnpho hgp vdl kit qud Hnh hgng mdu mit d ruit Glim Td dd, HS si thf nghifm cOo bdi hge duaracdc gid thuylt d l gidi thich cho hifn hjgng 3) Sd dl/ng hqp It, dung ihdl dlim cdc dl huyln eOo Hnh trgng ndy phuong hfn dqy hqc (PTDHI Iqo thudn k/l cho Hogt dfng ndy gim cdc bude: 1) HS dgc thi HS phdi hlfn vd GQVD Qud hinh phdt hiln nghlfm SGK vd ghi tdm tit kit aud thf nghlfm nhf n thOc dugc bit nguin h> trye quan sinh dfng vdo vd; 2) GV df t CH: - Em cd nhdn xit gIviH din tu hiu higng, vfy vlfc sd dyng edc If kliu hinh d phip lai thufn so vdl phip hi PTDH glOp HS d l ddng phdt hlfn vin dl, K> dd cd huAig GQVD Trong gling dgy SH dTHPT, nghjch; - Tql d thi nghlfm ndy, kit qud cOa vlfc chllu cdc hinh dnh dfng mi phdng qud htnh phip hi thudn hi Idtdc vdl kil qud cOa phip hi nghjchf til phip hi nghlch, tql H If klAl SH kit hgp vdl o k CH niu vin dl glOp HS di hinh d gldl hi khdc vdl gldl cdi {)t Td CH ddng hilu dugc nfi dung cuo bdi VI dy dgy ndy, HS si liln tudng KM gidl Hnh cOa co thi; 3)bdi 11 «Vinc/ll;^ cdc efii) QUO mdng sfnfichi^ GV yfu ciu HS duo gtd thuylt khoo hgc Vi (SH 10), sd dyng hinh dnh dfng vd edc CH d l cd CH md GV ntu diu cd liln quon din gidi ogl HS PHVD nhu sou: Bode 1: GV chllu hinh Hnh nfn HS d i duo ro gid thuylt d l gidi ihfeh dfng vl qud hinh hoo dil chit quo mdng l l bdo cho kit qud thi nghlfm ndy nhu sou: - Gid ihuyit(vf n chuy^ thy dfng, vf n chuy^ chO dfng, xuit i: Sy bilu hlfn cOo Hnh hgng phy thufc vdo nhfp bdo); Sudc 2: GV yfu ciu HS quon sdl hinh gldl Knh ciia co ihl; • Gfd thuyit 2: Tlnh hgng dfng dihd Idt cic CH: /;Cdec/i*d* quo mdng mdu mit cOa ruil Glim gldl Hnh cOa co thi tihdobdngnh0ngcdcbndo;2IChdicdcA)tqo qyy d|nh; - Gid thuyit 3: Gen quy d|nh Hnh trgngnhu thi ndo ihl dl ddng khiiich tdn qua mdngt niing nim hfn nhilm sic thi thudng md nim ChAedcdutqonhuthindothldl qua mdng rmd bl^ dqng cda mdng; 3) Bdng cdch ndo li hdo hfn nhlim sic thi gldl Hnh Sou HS dua ede gid thuylt, GV d|nh cd thi chd dfng Idy cdc chdt fi> mSI Irudng vdo Tpp Chi Gltp dye 56 on a »/«OIM tibdo; 4) Hdy rOt nguyin tSc cOa qud tfinh trao ddi chit qua mdng ti bdo; Bude 3: Ti> v l ^ hwSmg dan HS trd Idl c6c CH, GV djnh hu6ng Ai HS rut n$i dung ci3a qu6 trtnh troo dd\ d\dt qua mdng ti bdo 4) COng d n^l dung bdi hgc bdng cdc CH hodc bdi t^p vdn dvng Sou hpc xong, GV tiln hanh cOng c^ n$l dung cOa bdi bdng o ^ ydu cau HS l^v vf dg minh hpo hoc cOo bdi, v$n dung kiln ihik da hpc d l gldl quylt cdc vd'n d l ihyt: tiSn V( dv dpy bdi «Tudn hodn mdu (tilt 2)' (SH 11), GV cung cd n$i dung cOo bdi bdng CH: }} Hdy niu mdi quan h$ glOa hoqt d^ng cua tim vdl hogt ddng eOa h$ mgeh U^ v( c/^ minh hga? CH ndy s3 giup HS khdl qudt ai/pc n$i dung cOa bdi (bdi ndy c6 n$l dung Id hogt d$ng cuo tim vd hogt d$ng cOa h$ mgch) vd i h ^ dugc n^\ quon h$ glOa tim vd h$ mgch; 2} Vi hong mSl diU Id tim, tdm nhT ludn co trude tdm ihdif Vl$c tdm nhT co trude tdm thdt cd ^ nghTa gi9 CH ndyySu cdu HS hilu dugc h$ dSn truyin tim (nOt xoong nhT -> nOt nhT thdt - > bd His - > mgng Pudckin) vd tdc d$ng cOa xung thdn kinh l3n hogt d$ng cOo ca tim Ddng thdi HS cOng th£fy dugc tfnh hgp If g\ua c^u trOc vd cht>c ndng cOo tim [Tdm nnTnh dyng cdc phuong phdp ndi trSn cd tdc dgng gdp phdn bdi dudng ndng li/c PHVD vd G Q V D cho HS N l u HS dugc bdi dudng ndng li/c ndu vd G Q V D s8 |)hdt triln dugc KN tv hgc • L6 Ng(?c Son DH.1977 T&i lifu tham khdo Nguyfin Thanh Dpt - Phjun Vftn L(lp - D$ng Hflu Unh - Mai S ; T u ^ Sinh bpc 12 NXB Gido d^c, H.2008 flq chi Glao due s6