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48 509 2011 IkfUvaHoC J NhuHg bat cap trong viec day va hpc mon Ljch sir or trifofng pho thong Bon nguyen nhan hoc sinh khong say me mon Ljch sv? VI sao hpc sinh phb thdng quay lUng vdi mdn Ljch sQ va[.]
509-2011 IkfUvaHoC 48 J NhuHg bat cap viec day va hpc mon Ljch sir or trifofng thong BfJI THIl^T Bon nguyen nhan hoc sinh khong say me mon Ljch sv? VI hpc sinh phb thdng quay lUng vdi mdn Ljch sQ va chuyen nganh Si!i hpe? Cd nhieu le: Thuf nhat: Nhiin thuTc sai lam Ngay nhan thUc cua nganh giao due da khdng phan biet rd nhOng mdn hpc nao ehl nham dao tao nhan each ngudi, nhQng mbn hpc nao dao tao nghe nghiep, ma chUdng trinh THCS va THPT da ed the dinh hUdng eho hpc sinh lUa chpn nghb DT nhiSn van hpe, si/ hpc bac phb thbng la bb mdn bat budc phai hpe, nhung nghe nghien cUu van hpc va nghien cUu sii hpc thl khbng the dao tao dai tra nhu xay dUng, nbng nghiep va hoa chat va hien nay, van hpc, SLf hpc chiem khdng qua 10% tbng sb sinh vi§n dUdc dao tao chinh quy Thiif hai: xem nhe mon Ljch sCf Cung vi vay, ma nghe can phai dao tao, mdn hpe da khdng bit bude thl hpc lam gl cho phi, mien la hpe de dat diem trung binh, va nhieu nam mbn Ljch sCi khbng bat budc cae ky thi tbt nghidp cubi cap ThuT ba: Giao trinh, giao an day mon Ljch sir, hoan toan khong phii hdp vdi hoc sinh tCr ldp den ldp 12 Nbi that rang, sau ngUdi ta viet giao trinh Ijch sii Viet Nam giang day eho sinh ven khoa Ljch sii cae trudng Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hbi va Nhan van va Dai hpc SU pham, hp da tdm tat lai nbi dung giao trinh dai hpc dd de day eho hpe sinh phb thbng tU Idp den Idp 12 Chang han sach Ljch sii Idp 6, day Ijeh siJ Viet Nam XU thua sd khai( tU ngUdi vUdn- thdi nguyen thuy.) eho den thdi Ngd Quyen ,dUng nen doc lap (nam 938- 945 sau cbng nguyen), may ngan van) nam Ijch sii da't nude, lai la thdi ky sd khai- hbng hoang ma dem day eho hpe sinh Ida tubi 11,12 lieu cd Ich gi? DUa be mdi vao ddi phai hpc lich sii dat nudc thdi mu md ay, chi lam tang th§m eai mu md eho tre Ljch sii \k mbn hpc "tUtrUc quan sinh dbng den tU trUu tUdng" (nhu Le- nin ndi), nhUng tU Idp ngUdi ta da eo nhbi nhet eho hpe sinh rang nhan dan ta la can cu, la yeu nude nhung can cu, yeu nUdc khbng thay dau cac bai hpc Ijch sili! SU dan trai Ijeh sii cua nam thbng( Xii dbn Idp 12) dung gpn vao Ijch sii Viet Nam cua nam dai hpc chuyen nganh Ljch sii Thuf tU: Kien thuTc danh hoc sinh „ Qua that, lUdt qua giao trinh Ljch sii Xii Idp den Idp 12, Chung tbi la ngUdi lam chuybn nganh Sii gan 50 nam nay, v l n khdng hieu vi ngUdi ta bat hpc sinh hpc Ijch sCi nhii vay, hp cung cap eho hpc sinh kien thUe Ijch sii nhU danh hpc sinh ve Ijch sii? Chang han, md sach Lich sCi Idp 7, ban in 2003, bao quat Ijch sii Xii nam 938 (Ngb Quyen) den nam 1858 (Nha NguySn), t& ca 122 trang (tU trang 25 den trang 147), dat 130 van de va 99 cau hbi bat bubc hpe sinh phai hpc, cb nghTa la mbi trang bai hpc cb den nbi dung va ciu hbi ma hpe sinh tra Idi, eung dbng nghTa la hpc sinh phai hoc thubc Ibng 122 trang cb sach giao khoa Ljch sii Viet Nam keo dai gan 1000 nam va day la giai doan Ijch sii vd cung trpng dai eua dat nUde nhUng ehl dUdc gdi gpn 122 trang, trung binh mdi trang 200 chO, tbng cdng khoang 25.000 chOf 25.000 chCf de tra Idi cho 230 vin de, qua la vd cung khd khan cho lUa tubi 11-12, cac em lay dau kien thUc ljch sii gan 1000 nam de tra Idi cho thay c6 Chung tbi dan ehUng mbt sb v^n de, cau hbi sach Ljch sii Idp de dpe gia tU kiem tra mlnh, xen thCi nhOng ngubn nhu chCing ta da hpc qua dai hpc, eb the Xrk ldi dUdc phan nao db - Em cd nhan xet gl ve to chUc Nha nUdc thdi Ngb Quyen? 2- Em hay ve sd db to chiic bb may trieu dinh Trung Udng thdi tien Le? 3- Em hay diem qua tinh hinh ndng nghiep nUde ta thdi Dinh - tien Le? 4- Hay trinh bay tinh hlnh thii cdng nghiep, thUdng nghiep thdi Dinh - tien Le? 5- Em hay ve sd db bd may chfnh quyen Trung Udng vi dja phUdng thdi Ly? 6- TU nhan xet tren ( ) em hay n§u sU c'an thibt va tic dung cua bb Hinh thU thdi Ly? 7- Quan dpi thdi L9 dUdc tb chUc nhU thb nao? Em c6 nhan xet gi ve each tb chUc quan dbi thdi Ly? 8- Hay neu cac tang Idp dan cU va ddi sbng eua hp xa hbi thdi Ly? 9- Xa hbi thdi Ly ed nhiing thay dbi nhU the nao so vdi thcd Dinh - tien Le? 10- Em hay ve sd db bb may nha nUdc thdi TrSn? 11- Em cb nhan xet gi vfe chinh sach quan si/, qube phbng thdi Hb Quy Ly? 12- Em cd nhan x6t gl vfe tinh hlnh tribu dinh nha Lb dSu DmjmHpC thb ky XVI? 13- Em ed nhan xat gl ve phong trao ndng dan Dang Ngoai dau the ky XVIII? 14- Em ed nhan xet gl vS ddi sbng nhan dan dudi trieu Nguyen? 15- Em cd nhan xbt gi ve de tai tranh dan gian? Chi trich tieu de ciia 15 van de va eau hbi tbng sb 230 eau ban dpe thCf kiem tra minh va danh gia trinh dp cCia eon em d tubi hpc Idp 7, cd phai day la ganh nang hang trieu trieu can dat len dau bpn tre Idp thd, lUa tubi dang thich kham pha ehung quanh la THE NAO ma thoi Hpc sinh Idp ma cd danh gia va nhan xet nhCfng van de qua u to tat dd cCia lich sii dat nUde cac cau hbi, van de thubc ve tb chUe hanh chfnh tU trieu dinh Trung Udng den dia phUdng tU thdi Ngd Quyen den nha Nguyen la v6 eung khd khan, iam ma b i t hpe sinh Idp danh gia, nhan xet dUdc Dudng nhU cae vj chii bien dang danh db hpc sinh, ma toi dU lieu rang neu nhU hpc sinh Idp ea nUdc, em nao tra Idi dung chi cau 230 cau, thl nen cap eho em dd van bang cii nhan Ljch sii ChUng ta deu biet rang, dbi tUdng dang dUde giang day la hpc sinh Idp 7, cai tubi dang quan sat xem thCf xung quanh mlnh sao? Ljch sCi cung vay, dng Ngb Quyen la ngudi nhU the nao? 6ng Ly ThUdng Kiet la ngudi nhu the nao? Cd nhU, Hang Vu , LUu Bang phim ciia Trung Qube khdng? Vua Ly Thanh Tong ed dUdc men mb nhU vua Khang Hy cae chuyen vi hanh khap dat nUde? Mdt ehUa trinh bay Ijeh sUnd xay nhu T H £ NAO, cac em chUa biet ijch sti nd sao, thl iam ma nbi dupe Vl SAO lai nhu the? Xem 230 cau hbi la v i n db, toan la cae v i n va eau hbi danh riSng cho sinh vien chuy§n nganh Ljch sCf eua cae trUdng dai hpc - cao dang, va ed nhOng v i n de dd la luan an cao hpc, tien sTva nhieu la de tai eip Nha nude! Hpc sinh khdng thb hpc bai hpe Ljch sCf theo tinh than ma sach Ljch sCf Idp van dung, khdng bao gid mubn chap nhan cac bai hpc dd , nhung khdng hpc thl khbng dUde ma hpe lai cang khdng dupe, nen dan den tam ly bit binh va phan khang Dd la nguyen nhan chinh, dan den tinh trang suy thoai cua day Ijch sCf d bac hpe phb thbng, tCf sai lam dinh hUdng eua giao due Ijch sCf den sai lam eua giao trinh VI the, thiy day va hpc trb hpe Ijeh sCf chan nan mon hpe da lau ma tU minh khdng kSu den dau dUde Phai manh dang thay doi Theo tdi nghT, ed nhieu v i n de cua day va hpc lich sCf d bac phb thbng phai manh dang thay dbi, nhUng pham vi tdi xin nhin mdt sb v i n de can thiet I 49 sg9-goii Nhan thUc lai mue dfeh cua mdn Lich sCf d bac phb thdng nhu da nbi tren, ngudi ta da ehUa coi trpng dung mUc mue dieh day Ijeh sCf cho hpc sinh phb thdng; phai dat Ijeh sCf la mbn hpe b i t bubc dbi vdi hpe sinh phb thdng day la hibu biit cd ban iam n§n nhan each ngUdi Viet Nam ma hpc sinh c i n phai hpc C i n phai biit, neu vi vdi cac mdn khae nhu mbn Tib'ng Vi6t, hpc sinh khbng nhCfng phai dpe thdng viit thap ma cbn phii iam tbt nhCfng thae tae eac van ban Tibng viSt thdng thUdng nhU viet thU, viet ddn, vibt nhOng bai van ngin, dung ngCf phap, khbng sai chfnh ta hoac nhu mdn Toan, hpe sinh bubc phai, thao iam nhanh, iam dung phep toan edng, trd, nhan, chia Coi Ljch sCf la mdn giao due NHAN CACH, va d bac phb thdng mon Lich sCf chUa phai la mdn hpe cho nghe nghien cUu Ljch sCf de dinh hudng cho hpe sinh vao cac Idp chuyen sCf nhU lau Npi dung day va hpe Ljch sCf bac phb thdng nen tap trung vao hai mang cd ban nhit, db la Ijeh sCr xay dung dit nude va lich sCf bao ve tb qube, va db cung la bieu hien npi bat nhit cua truyen thbng hang ngan nam eua dan too ta Diem qua 230 van de, cau hbi lich sCf Idp 7, chung ta thiy ngUdi ta ddi hbi hpc sinh biet nhieu thU, qua ngoai npi dung tren, ngUdi ta bat hpe sinh phai biet Ijch sCf tb ehUe bp may hanh chinh cae eip eua eac trieu dai phong kien, Ijch sCf phap luat, lich sCf nghe thuat, hieu biet ve ehO Ndm, lich sCf thCi edng nghiep, Ijch sCf khai hoang dang tubi edn thd dai phai nhet vao dau cac em du thU ba ran nhU the iam gl? Cd le sau hpc xong lich sCf Idp 7, cae em len Idp cao hdn, hay hbi cac em hpc Idp 11, 12 , xem thCf cd nhd ve npi dung Ijch SLf Idp 6, Idp7 hay khdng? Tdi cam doan rang nhOng vet md Ijch SLf Idp 6, Idp7 bj xua dubi sau nhufng ki thi tbt nghiep cubi cap va ki thi tuyen vao dai hpc Ngay Ijch sCf xay dung dat nUdc va Ijch sCf bao ve tb qube eung can ed nhQng chpn Ipc tieu bieu de khdng dan trai nhCfng kien thUe, hpc Ijch SLf cung "Quy hb tinh bat quy hb da", hpc bai nao cho bai i y , dd la nhufng bai hpc nhap tam mai mai di theo hanh trang cua cae em d lifa tubi vao ddi - dat cac bai hpc Ijch SLf can phai viet lai, theo tinh than cung c i p kien thUe Ijch sCf cd ban cho hpc sinh; chang han, bai sb 8: NUde ta buoi dau dpe lap, Xii trang 25-29 (Ijch sCf Idp 7) vdi mue: - Ngd Quyen dUng nen dpe lip Tinh hlnh chfnh tri cudi thdi Ngd -Dinh Bd Linh thdng nhat dat nUdc Ma npi dung la torn tit giao trinh Ijch sCf Viet Nam cua bac dai hpc Bai hpc sb theo tdi chi ehu trpng bai ve: Ngd Quyen, MUdi hai sU quin vi SU nghiep ban dau eua Dinh Bp LJnh Bai viet d dang kf lich sCf, neu bat sU kien tieu bieu nufa cubi the ki thU 10 NhCfng bai hpc dd cd thb bit hpc sinh hpe thupe Idng bang each kiem tra the nao dd de hpc sinh tham gia thoai mai va hufng thu NhU vay, khdng the giuf lai each trinh bay cu, xd cUng, nang phan danh gia nhan xet Ijch sCf, ma ehl nen trinh bay dien bien eua eac sU kiSn Ijch sCf dd de hpc sinh ed nhCfng nhan xet cua mlnh vb su kien Neh sCf dd Day va hpe Ijeh sCf d bac phb thdng c i n tuan thu trinh tu, day tu ddn gian den phifc tap, day tU de den khd Trong cuon lich sCf Idp 7, 30 bai hpe, hpe sinh phai dpe hang loat eac thuat ngO xa la vdl\sU hieu biet va ngbn nguf thudng ngay, cubi sach ngUdi ta chpn 60 thuat nguf de giai thich npi dung cac thuat nguf dd de hpc sinh tra cufu Do la nhOng thuat ngO khd qua dbi vdi hpc sinh, chang han nhU: Cue Bach tat, CCf nhan (hUdng ebng), Dbn dien sU, Ha de sU, ngu binh u nbng, TU thu- Ngu kinh Khdng hieu thuat nguf thl iam hieu dupc bai hpc ? 30 bai hpc Ijeh sCf vdi hang tram thuat ngCf nhU vay, hpc miy chue gid hpe, lieu hpc sinh cd ITnh hbi dUde khdng? NhCfng gi vCfa trinh bay la kiem nghiem cua chung tdi theo doi viee day va hpc lich sCf d bac phb thbng; nhCfng de xuit cua ehung tdi nham hoan thien hdn mue dieh day va hpe Ijeh sCf d bac hpc ... Ijeh sCf d bac phb thdng c i n tuan thu trinh tu, day tu ddn gian den phifc tap, day tU de den khd Trong cuon lich sCf Idp 7, 30 bai hpe, hpe sinh phai dpe hang loat eac thuat ngO xa la vdl\sU hieu