TiM HIEU KIEN THlfC Til''''p CAN TRICH DOHN sur THI IHCO D$C TRUNG THi PHRP THC LORI HA THI H 6 A TruiKng BHSP Ha Noi Tilp ein tie phi''''m vin hpc cd thi cd Trong chUPng trinh Ngff vin 10 d ba nhilu cich C[.]
TiM HIEU KIEN THlfC Til'p CAN TRICH D O H N sur THI IHCO D$C TRUNG THi PHRP THC LORI HA THI H A TruiKng BHSP Ha Noi Tilp ein tie phi'm vin hpc cd thi cd nhilu cich Cich tilp ein tdt s i d hiiu qui Trong chUPng trinh Ngff vin 10 d ba trich doan thudc thi loai sd thi sau diy: thi'm mT cao Hiin nay, chuong trinh sich giio khoa phd thdng cd su chuyin ddi trpng - Chiin thing Mtao Mxiy (trich Bam San • Sd thi Tiy Nguyin) tim ehd y tff binh diin Ijch sd sang binh diin thi loai thi tidp ein vin bin tic phim theo - Uyiixa trd vi (trich 6dixi - Sd thi Hy Lap) die trung thi phip thi loai i i mdt hudng lim d hiiu qua Song qui trinh thd nghiim - flama budc tdi (trich Ramayana • Sd thi An Od) thuc t l , hudng tilp ein niy khdng phii khing d nhung didu d n bo sung Ndu vdl muc tiiu giang day l i : cung I, Dieu dau tiln can luu y la: Tuy dng l i sd thi nhung ngoii nhffng diem tuong ddng, gjffa nhffng sd thi niy d n d nhffng dj biet d p kiln thttc ijch sd van hpc, khim phi gii trj Diy l i ba sd thi cda ba din tpe khic tham mtthi viic day v i hpe cic trich doan trin Hiin thue mdi din tpe iai d nhffng die thd cung da gap nhflng khd khan (vin ban tic phim riing V i chinh nhffng dae thd hiin thuc din dii gap trim lan vin ban trich doan, lupng thdl tde i'y tao nin nhffng khic biit sd thi cda gian hpc lal qua It - 90 phdt tren Idp, vdn van mdi din tde Bdi viy, thiy dupc nhffng tuong hda d n thiit hd trp hilu siu tic pham cda hpe ddng v i dj biit d a nhffng sd thi niy dng dinh sinh iai ban che) Tff gdc dp die tmng thi phip i i mfit yiu cau doi vdi ngudi tidp cin Nhung thi ioai, tilp can d c trich doan sd thi d y nghia diy l i mit yiu d u cao khfing dat la vdi dli cdng nghi edn ddi hdi giao vlin phai nim chic tuong i i hpc sinh THPT Muc tiiu cu the dit cac khii niim - dng cu duyen giao Tuy nhiin d diy l i gidp cic em nim duoc dac tnmg cO nhffng chi din d n thilt hd trp cho su d u y i n biiv thi phip t h i kiai sir thi rdi bang dinh cic giao dng nghi niy sich giio khoa cdn phuong ( i n c£n^cuthipMipd6,Ultvin dung rit thidu Bai vilt niy chi nhu mdt su bd sung khim ph& i ng)ia, gii- tli cic tic | i h ^ sd thi kjp thdi su thilu hiJt dd trin sd tham khio ndt don giin l ^ l h ^ AlDC cii hayGJ»dep cOa mdtsd tii lieu cda il thuylt thi loai d iiin quan chdng, den vln d i dat 32 Xie djnh dac Mmg cs l)in thi phip thd ioai sd thi, Bakhtin (1895 - 1975), nha - Nhin vit sd thi ia nhffng anh hdng khoa hpc Nga ndi tilng ePng trinh Li Iuin tring st tiiu bilu eho sde manh thi chit v i va thi phap tieu thuyit (Pham Vinh Cu tuyln tinh than, cho y chl v i tri thdng minh, Idng ddng ehpn, dich v i gidi thiiu) eda minh cho rang sd cam cda cpng ddng Hp tiiu bidu cho ve dep thi ro ba die dilm ve cau trtc nhu sau: ngudi anh hdng khfing chi su nghiip lap Ddi tupng sd thi ia eii qui khd din tpe anh hdng, qui khff tuyit ddi theo thuit ngff cda Got va Sinle Ngudn gdc sd thi ia truyin thuyi't chiln cing v i xiy dung bao v i edng ddng mi edn d sinh boat ddi tu - Cdt tmyin sd thi dupe ciu tao bdi mpt biln d thuc lai d anh hudng den sd phin dan tic (chd khing phai kinh nghiim c i nhin cpng ddng kit hpp vdi nhffng mieu t i d tinh chit hay hu d u tu nd trin sd kinh nghiim tTnh tai v i nhflng ddi thoai trang trpng d tinh i'y) nghi thdc Thi gidi sd thi dupc cich iy khdi - Nhflng die trung co ban cda sd thi thai duflng dai tdc l i thdl eda ea sT (tic gia v i din bie'n ddi v i dupc tidu thuylt hiin dai tiep thinh gia) bang mpt khoang deh sd thi tuyit nhan v i hinh thinh mpt the ioai mdi: tllu ddi thuye't sd thi VI du: Chien tranh va hda binh Trin cd sd d c iuin dilm cda Bakhtin, dac diem the ioai sd thi da dupc d c nhi il iuan Viet Nam lim ro ban Chdng toi xin tdm lupc: - Vd tin gpi, sd thi d n gpi l i anh hdng ca - Sd thi thupc ioai hinh tu su dii (thudng i i thd) ddi rat sdm ijch sd van hpc cac dan tpe nham ngpi ea nhffng su nghiep anh hdng ed tinh toin din v i y nghTa Ijch sd dan tpe - Ve ket eiu, sd thi l i ciu ehuyen ed tinh toin ven v i cd quy mo phan anh ring Idn Theo Highen, nil dung v i hinh thdc eda nd thuc su la toin bp cie quan niim, toin bd the gidi v i eupc sdng cda mpt dan tpe dupe ciia Lep Tonxtoi, Sdng Oong em dim cua M Soiokhop - Viet Nam, ngoii tnidng ca Dam San cdn d San Tinh va Thdy Tinh, truyin Thinh Gidng eung mang dac trung kha rd net cda sd thi {Ti diin thuat ngi van hoc, L i Ba Hin, Trin Oinh Sd, Nguyen Khac Phi) Ddi vdi hpc sinh bic PTTH, theo chdng toi, chi can gidp cac em thi'y dupc dac trung thi loai sdthi d cae khia canh co ban sau: -Oetiisdthi -Nhin vat sdthi - Ngudi k l chuyin sff thi (thii dp, gipng kl) trinh biy dudi hinh thdc khich quan eda mdt - LPi van sd thi bien ed thuc tai Sau diy l i nhffng chi din cu thi: TJM HIEU KIEN THlfC Vd d l tii: Sd thi thudng hay hudng Tdm tit sd thi Dam San: Sau ily den nhffng su kiin v i ngudi cfi liin quan hai chi em Hfl Nhi v i Hfl Bhj, Dam San thinh di'n Ijch sd, di'n sd nghiip, sd phin cda cfing td trudng gliu cd uy danh Ittng lay Cic td ddng (qudc gia, din tpe, bd tflc - khic tiiu trudng Mtao Gru, Mtao Mxiy Ida Idc chang di thuyi't thudng quan tim din sfi phin gia dinh iim ving bat Hfl Nhj vd iim vp 0am San td c i nhin) chffc din iing dinh tri, chiln thing cdu dupc Nhin vit sd thi thudng l i nhffng vp v i thu dupe nhilu eda cii dit dai dng trd ngddl anh tring st, tiiu bilu cho sde nin gliu cfi Do ehat ciy so - mdc, ciy than manh thi chat, tinh than, y ehl, tinh thin dOng iinh hfin cda Hd nhi v i Ho Bhj khien hai ngudi cam v i trf tui cing ddng Vd dep ngudi anh ddu chit Dam San phai Iin trdi xin thudc v l hdng sd thi dupc thi hiin khfing chi su mdi cdu dupc (t liu sau, ching iai dl ciu hin nghiip lip chiln dng m i cdn d trang sinh nff than Mat trdi nhung bj thit bai Trin dudng hoat ddi tu trd v l ching bj ngip trangriJngbdn Sip Den Sd thi thudng dupe k l vdi gipng diiu Hdn Dam San hda thinh ran mdi diu thai vio ngpi ca the hidn thii dp trang nghiem thinh chj gii Ho Ang sinh 0am San ehiu, chau kinh tdn sung cOa ngudi k l chuyin sd thi Idn lin iai tiep budc ran dudng cda ngudi ciu Ldi vin eda sd thi thuflng l i ldi ddi thoai cda d c nhin vat Ngfin ngfl gliu hinh anh, bdng bay v i bilu cam anh hdng Doan trich ke vd dien thing d a 0am San giinh iai vo td tay Mtao Mxiy II Sieu luu y thOr hai Tdm tit sd thi 6dixe: Sau kit Viic tilp can trich doan sd thi khfing thdc cudc d i l n tranh Toroa, Uylixo phii thi tich rdi viic nam dupc npi dung toin bd trii qua cudc hinh trinh 10 nim iinh dinh gdc tic pham Trong didu kiin khong de dpe toin t>i^n d i n trdi d l tid vd qui huong Trin dudng bd tie pham, yiu d u tfil thilu dit i i phii v l , d i n g bj nO than Calipxfi vi yiu d i n g d m tdm tit dupe nfii dung tdng sd thi Chi gid mit nam Cam thUflng ching, thin Ddt riing vide thue hiin yiu eiu niy cflng d i gidp hpc ta linh cho Caiipxd budc phii cho ching trd sinh thiy dupc die trung thd nhit vd d l tii sd v l qui Trin dudng di, thuydn ching bj bio thi v i phan nao die trdng thff hai v l nhin vit dinh ehim dat vio xd sd cda vua AnkinPPt sd thi Tai diy ching da thuat iai eho nhi vua nghe Trdn cfl sd tdm tit nfii dung tffng sd "tiil" duyin li ki hinh trinh nhu: iac din thi, ta d thi so sanh d l hpe sinh thi'y su tuPng xd sd tdn khing id mpt mat Xielop, qua vdng ddng ve de tii v i nhan vit biln d c ning tiin d Xiren Vua Anklnfifit da 34 gidp chang oho thuydn trd ve qui V i ddn eai quin dit nudc lim mudn din thii binh nhi, chdng kii'n canh 108 ke d u hin vl rip tam hanh phdc chie'm doat tii san gia dinh nin dang thdc ip Sd thi niy bao gdm 24.000 ciu tho vp ching l i Piniipp tii gii (tudng ching d i chia iim khde ca idn Mdi khde ca lai d chit), Uylixo da cdng trai lip muu trdng nhidu chuong Ooan trich nam d ehUdng 76 phat chdng Sau bao nam xa deh, vi thin khde ca Vi trpng so lai bi ke xiu Ida gat, Pdndlfip da thd Nhu viy viic tdm tat ndi dung tie thich Idng chung thdy cda ehdng qua bl mit phim cung l i mpt cich rit hffu hiiu gidp hpc cda chile giudng Sau thd thich, hp nhin sinh d nhffng nhin bill so bp die tnmg sff thi trang nidm hanh phdc Idn iao d khia eanh dd til (tffe pham vi hiin thuc dupe Tie phi'm gfim 12.110 cau tho chia lim 24 khue ea Ooan trich 6iJixe trd ve thupc khdccaXXill-XXiV Tdm tit sff thi Ramayana: Rama l i hoing td tnidng cda vua Gaxaratha v i dupc phan inh) Tren eo sd so sinh cd Ihl thiy: - Ba sd thi trin deu k l ve nhflng su kien v i cudc ddi cic nhin vat cd lien quan den ijch sd, den su nghiip hinh thinh va phit trien cda cae cpng ddng din tpe vua cha cd y dinh truyen ngoi Nhung mpt - Ca ba nhin vat ba sd thi trin: IPI nguyen, nhi vua budc phai diy Rama vio Dam San, Uylixo, Rama ddu mang tam vdc amg 14 nim, v i trao ngdi cho Bharata - ron trai v i sde manh eda ngudi anh hdng Hp diu l i cda thd phi Kakii Rama ving iinh dem vd ia nhffng ngudi d vj tri thd itnh v i vai trd Idn Xita v i em trai i i Lacmala vio rdng sdng an su nghiip xiy dung v i phit trien cpng ddng: dit luyen tip vfi nghi Khi thdi ban luu day sap Dam San l i thd ITnh eda mpt bp tic, Uylixo i i bet thi Xita vd ching bj quj vudng Ravana bat tiiu ehd mpt thinh bang, Rama la ngudi k l d c v i du da iam vp Rama diipc su gidp dd tuc ngoi biu tri vi dit nude cda tudng Hanuman da cilu dupc Xita Cdu - Ca ba anh niy diu i i nhan vat dupe Xita thoit khoi quy vuong nhung Rama tmng tim cda sd thi Toin bp cau chuyen sd iai bj idng ghen tuong diy vd, khong mudn nhin thi tap trung xoay quanh ke v i nhdng su kiin lal ning iam vp Xita minh khdng dupc v i nhffng hanh.ddng lip chiln cing cda hp d i tu nguyen budc lin giin hda thieu d l Ciu chuyin ddi tu cua hp eung dupc khio iio chdng td Idng chung thdy v i su sang idng vio ciu chuydn vd nhffng chiln cdng cda minh Chdng giim ddc hanh cda Xita, than IM, Bleu idu y thdr ba Lda da cffu ning Rama vd cdng sung sudng Vah ban trich doan sich giio nban-ial Xita Hit han 14 nam luu day, Rama khoa chiem ti l i rit nhd so vdi toin van tie va Xita quay ve kinh kd thda ngii vua pham Mat khic npi dung nhffng trich doan TJM HIEU KIEN THlfC ddflc Ida chpn lai ehi bd hep pham vl ciu thi hidn d viic tao nhffng tinh hudng, chuyen ddi tu cda ngudi anh hdng - nhin vit tinh tilt khic tmng tam cda sd thi Do viy, gidp hpe sinh - Tinh hudng dat vdl Dam San la phin tfch nhffng trich doan niy dilu d n hudng phii chiln thing Mtao Mxiy nhung phai i i tdi vlec khim phi vd dep ngddl anh hdng sd ehiln thing danh dii thi d ddi sfing tinh eim riing tu - Tinh hudng dat vS Rama i i : Tiudc hp y thdc v i hanh phdc gia dinh ci nhin ludn su ghen tudng, nghi ngd mudn ehdi bd cda gin bfi mit thilt vdi quyln ipi v i danh du cda Ra^a, Xita dau ddn mufin minh ddc cPng ddng Diy l i tinh than chung toil lin ttt tianh sing eda minh nhung ning khing d ba doan trich trin Cin eho hpc sinh thi'y: d chdng cd - Trich doan Chiin thing Mtaq Mxiy - Tinh hudng dit ta vdi Uylixd l i Piniidp Ngpi ca tinh than trpng danh du, gin bd vdl qui thin trpng hd nghi budc ching phai van hanh phdc gia dinh v i cupc sdng binh yin, dung trf tui niu ehdng ed thuyet phue d o phdn vinh d a thj tdc cda ngudi anh hdng Dam duac Idng ehung thdy cda minh San Chi'nh didu dd d i thPi thdc Dam San chiln thing Mtao Mxiy - Trich doan f?ama dupc (pi: Ngpi ca Khi phin tich nhdng doan trich niy eung phai rit d d y niu bat dupc mau sic die trung cda van phong sd thi d d c dilm sau: tinh than trpng danh du v i tinh yiu II tudng cda - Ldi van giau hinh anh nhan vat sd thi Rama chien dau sinh td d l cffu - Nhflng d i Set ii ki: Bi mat diec giudng vp nhung eung dim hy sinh tinh yiu vi danh (Uyllxq trd ve), ngpn ida than diiu (trang Rama du vi bdn phin ngudi anh hdng - ddc vua miu dudc tdi) mue Xita eflng xdng ding i i ngudi vp ly tudng cda Rama, chap nhin thff thich dau chdt d l j h i i dp ngudi ke chuyin: thfing qua cic nhin vit khic v i qua idi kl chdng minh ddc hanh sach eda minh Trin diy l i mpt vii luu y gidp hpc khong ehi vi tinh yiu mi cdn vi danh du bdn sinh THPT tilp cin doan trid sd thi theo die phan hoing hau cda mdt ding quin vuong tnmg thi phip thi loai Mdi deh tilp cin diu d - Trich doan Uyllxq trd vi eOng nham nhflng hiiu qua nhit djnh, d uu dilm v i dng ngpi ea vd dep trf tui v i tinh yiu chung thdy - cd nhffng ban chd Qua thd nghiim, chdng tfil hai phi'm chat cao dep eda Uylixo v i Piniidp nhan thiy, riing viic day trid doan sd thi - cac nhin vit sd thi Hdmero Tuy nhiin cdng d n luu y i i d mdi trid thi d d tilp ein niy d hidu qua tdt Vi viic niu nhffng luu y niy cung nham ban d e doan, cic tie gia lai cd nhutig eieh khim pha nhflng khd khan bat cap thudng thiy qua tinh deh nhin vat sd thi theo nhffng deh khic trinh giang day van hpc d bic PTTH 36 I iivi nil=u Klt=N I HUU TAI Ll6u TIIAM KHAO Khac Phi, Ti dien thuat ngi vSn hqc, NXB M Bakhtin, Li luan vi thi phip tieu thuyit Giio due H i Nil, 1992 (Pham Vtnh Cu tuyln ehpn v i djeh), Trudng Tran Oinh Sd tdng chd biin, Ngi van 10 vilt van Nguydn Du, Hi Nfii, 1992 (ning cao), tip 1, NXB Giio due, 2007 2, Li Bi Hin ehd biin, Tran Olnh Sd, Nguydn SONG XORV TRONG TRNG DOI LUU CUR KHI OUV€N {Tiip theo Ban tin Giio due Tixa va T^i chic so 30) DAO PHU QUY^N Truomg DHSP Ha Noi III Xoiy thuan va xoiy nghjch Su djch ehuyin cda cic khdi khing dl nhanh chdng, tao miy mua vdi cudng dp idn td phia dja eiie v l xleh dao v i ttt phia xlch Xoiy nghjch l i xoiy d trung tam dao ve phia dia ciic d i tao nen ben trin midn l i vung i p rao Khfing tff dfi tda xung vtdp tmng binh nhffng xoiy vt dai d dudng quanh v i chjuTuc tie dung cda luc quin tinh ki'nh hing ngin kiiomet Od l i nhflng xdy thuin roriolis nin se di chuyen theo dudng xoiy tron vi xoiy nghjch de cdng ehieu vdi kim ddng hd d bin ciu Bac Xoay thuan l i nhffng xoiy d tmng va ngupc chiiu vdi kim ddng hd d bin d u tim la vung ap thap, xung quanh i i vdng ip Nam trung tim xoay nghjch l i cae dong cao Do su chinh lich v i i p suit tao d e lanh ttt tren cao gling xufing dit, bj nen lal gradien ip suit ddn khfing td khip phia v i ndng lin lam nude khong bdc hdi vao vdng i p thIp d giffa tira nhu ndde xung v i miy tan di Bdi vay, vdng xoay nghjch, quanh don xudng vuc Lue quin tinh roriolis bau trdi quang may, ban ngiy xanh thim, ban udn rong hudng di duyin d a tat d c ddng dim ilp lanh day trdi, mda h i ndng him tao mpt xoiy Cic xoiy niy d hip, mua ddng lanh ngit chieu ngdpc chieu kim ddng hd (xem hinh Nhidu ngudi xd nhiet ddi ed nght la trang 45 sd 30) d ban ciu Bac va cung chieu nhffng ngudi sdng d vung dn ddi khfing phai kim ddng hd d bin d u Nam Od i i d e xoiy chiu dnh ndng bdc Viy mi xem truyen thuin d tmng tim vdng xoiy thuin khdng hinh d van thi'y canh nhflng ngudi d Tiy bi day iin cao v i dan Trong qui trinh din Au phai ehiu nhffng dpt ndng trin 40°C, nhilu nd vdf mpt tic dp rao, nhiet dp khdng glim ngudi phai dd xd tdi cic be nudc, hd nudc d l 37 ... dac trung thi loai sdthi d cae khia canh co ban sau: -Oetiisdthi -Nhin vat sdthi - Ngudi k l chuyin sff thi (thii dp, gipng kl) trinh biy dudi hinh thdc khich quan eda mdt - LPi van sd thi bien... nghi thdc Thi gidi sd thi dupc cich iy khdi - Nhflng die trung co ban cda sd thi thai duflng dai tdc l i thdl eda ea sT (tic gia v i din bie''n ddi v i dupc tidu thuylt hiin dai tiep thinh gia)... khoang deh sd thi tuyit nhan v i hinh thinh mpt the ioai mdi: tllu ddi thuye''t sd thi VI du: Chien tranh va hda binh Trin cd sd d c iuin dilm cda Bakhtin, dac diem the ioai sd thi da dupc d c