Khoa hpe Giao due GIAO DUC HANH VI BAO DUC CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC QUA HOATDONG NGOAI KHOA ThS vu MINH TUAN Tnrfmg Cao Sang Sir pham Thai Binh 1 D a t va n d e d Viet Nam, Luat Gi lo due khang djnh, "Mu[.]
-Khoa hpe Giao due GIAO DUC HANH VI BAO DUC CHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC QUA HOATDONG NGOAI KHOA ThS vu MINH TUAN Tnrfmg Cao Sang Sir pham Thai Binh Dat van d e d Viet Nam, Luat G i l o due khang djnh, "Mue t i l u g i l o due la dao tao ngudi Viet Nam phat trien toan d i l n , cd dao dde, tri thUc, sCfc khde, tham mT va nghe nghiep; trung vdi li tudng doe lap dan tpc v l chu nghTa xa hdi; hinh t h l n h va bdi dudng n h i n each, phl'm ehat va n l n g luc cua edng dan dap Cfng y l u d u cua sU nghiep xay dUng va b i o v l Td qudc" N h i l m vu dat vdi g i l o due la khdng nhUng hinh t h l n h d hpe sinh k i l n thCfc, nang luc tU duy, nang luc lam v i l e ma cdn p h l i hinh t h l n h nhOng phl'm chat dao dde eua ngudi cdng d i n , sdng cd y thUc, cd trIeh n h i l m vcri ban t h i n , vdi ngudi khae, vdi edng viec, vdi cdng ddng va vdi mdi sinh Trong glao due, giao due dao dde ddng vai trd quan trpng v i l e hinh nhan d c h cua ngudi Iao ddng mdi G i l o due dao dde cho hpe sinh (HS) d nha trudng phd thdng dugc thUe hien qua dudng day hpc cac mdn hpc va dUdng td chCfc d e hoat ddng g i l o due G i l o due dao dUc cho HS vdi ba nhiem vu la g i a o d u e y t h C f e , t h l i d p v l hanh vi, thdi quen hanh vi dao dUc Hanh vl va thdi quen dao dUc la dfch cudi eung eua qua trinh giao due dao dCfe, tao lap eho ngudi nhCfng thdi quen, hanh vi van minh vi h i n h vi I I bieu hien cu the nhat cua b d mat dao dUc cua eon ngudi, I I sU bleu hien eu the eua t h I i dp, tinh d m eua eon ngUdi Ba y l u t d y thdc, thai dp, h i n h vi dao dUe cd l i l n quan chat che vdi nhau, khdng the t i c h rdi vi n l u thieu m o t ba y l u td thi khdng the la qua trinh g i l o due dao dCfc hoan chinh V thdc, t h I i dp, hanh vi cd t i e ddng bien chdng vdi nhau, yeu t d n l y la cd sd, la tien de cho yeu t d kia, ddng thdi lai I I k i t q u i cua d e yeu td Cu the, neu ban t h i n m d t eon ngUdi, cd ^ thufc dao dCfc, t h I i dp dao dde nhuhg hanh vi thi lai sai t r l i thi khdng the col I I eon ngUdi cd dao dCfc cap tieu hpc, g i l o due dao dUc cho HS thdng 'qua day hpe d c mdn hpc vdi cac hinh thUc n h u n p i khda, tai hien trudng, d i e b i l t I I ngoai khda d ndi khda, g i l o due y thCfc, thai dp, h i n h vi dao dde dUdc K H G D 6 , thdng - 1 hinh theo muc t i l u elc mdn hpe, nhiTng ehu y l u van la thdng qua day hpe mdn Oao dUc H o a t d o n g n g o a i Ichoa Trude day, hoat ddng ngoai khda dupe quan niem la hoat ddng day hpe mdn hpe ed thdi gian nam n g o l i chuong trinh quy dinh, d d I I nhCfng hoat ddng ddi sdng thuc tien, y nghTa eua nd thdng nhat vdi mue tieu, ndi dung day hpc dupe giao vien t h i l t ke, td chCfc de hpe sinh dem nhCfng k i l n thUc da hpc van dung Hoat ddng ngoai khda la mdt hinh thUe day hpc cd t i e dung bd sung, eung ed, m d rpng k i l n thdc v l kT n l n g hpc tap cua mdt mdn hoc nao day dupe hoc d chuong trinh ehinh khda Nd d i p uhg yeu d u da dang hda hinh thUc hpe tap, k h i e phue Idi t r u y i n thu mot chieu, ren iuyen tU s i n g tao, p h I t trien k i l n thUe v l g i l o due hpc sinh mdt d e h toan d i l n Cung ed the eoi hoat ddng ngoai khda la hinh thUe hoat ddng cd tinh chat tich hpp eao vi nd tdng hpp dugc nhieu mat: tfeh hop dupe n h i l u kT n l n g mot gid day, tich hpp giCfa tri thUe (li t h u y l t ) day hpe d t r I n Idp vdi vdi hoat ddng thUe h i n h , van dung thuc tien cupe sdng Ben canh vile cung ed kien thCfe d l hpe, hinh t h l n h nhUng kT n l n g sdng, hoat ddng ngoai khda gid vai trd quan trpng qua trinh g i l o due dao dUc, hinh t h l n h nhan each HS, qua khdng chf hanh vi dao dCfe dUpe hinh t h l n h m l y thUe, t h l l dp, tinh d m dao dde dupc cung cd va tiep tue hinh mdt each ben vCfng Td chufe hoat ddng ngoai k h o l mdn hpe ed y nghTa thue hien d c n g u y i n tac giao due n h u n g u y i n tae thdng nhat giCfa y thUe va hanh vi; giao due gan Hen vdi thuc tien; phdi hpp giCfa d c lUc lupng giao due: n h l trUdng - gia dinh - x l hdi To chUc hoat ddng ngoai k h o l day hpc eae mdn hpc giup HS hinh duac h i n h vi dao dCfc n h u la muc t i l u quan trpng nhat eua q u i trinh g i l o due Trong day hpe cac mdn hpc d T i l u hpc, dac biet la d e Idp v l ta ed the t d chUc dupe hoat dong ngoai khda nham giao due hanh vi dao dCfc eho HS, 49 Khoa hpc Gido due vi HS tieu hpe d dp tuoi eae em d l cd mdt sd kinh nghilm va kT nang thue hl§n mdt sd edng vile hoat ddng va cupe sdng Hon nda, d dp tudi HS rat hilu ddng, thich tham gia vIo cle hoat ddng vl cd kha nlng thuc hien mdt sd cdng viec Ben canh dd, ehudng trinh lai ed nhieu ndi dung phu hpp, thuan loi eho viec gilo due hanh vi dao dUe cho HS thuc hien hanh vi dao dUc cua minh qua vile td ehUe d e hoat ddng ngoai khda Giao due hanh vi dao diifc Gilo due hanh vi dao dUe II mdt nhan td quan trpng va quyet djnh cua gilo due dao dde eho HS, hinh vi dao dUe la kit qua cUa qua trinh giao due dao dUe, II he qui eua giao due y thUe vl giao due thai dp dao dUc -Tta TU nhCfng the loai ngoai khda, ta ed the to chOfc nhUng hinh thUe hoat ddng eu the d l giao due hinh vi dao dUe cho HS nhU; Tuyen truyen, vln nghe, tham gia hoat ddng nhan dao, Iao ddng, d u lac bd tuong Cfng vdi moi muc tieu giao due hinh vi dao dUe ma gilo vien dat Hoat ddng ngoai khda d nha trUdng tieu hpe bao gdm nhilu the loai hoat ddng phong phu vl da dang, ed the khai quat nhCfng the loai cd bin sau: Mpf Id, vdn hda - nghi thuat Trong hoat ddng hpc tap, sinh hoat nhl trudng tieu hpe cua HS thi hoat ddng tham gia van hda -vln nghe II mdt mdn In tinh than ml HS nIo eung ed nhu cau, eung ludn khIt khao, nd cd sdc manh thu hut HS, giup cho HS ludn vui vl, tholl mli qua trinh hpe tip HS Ip dung nhufng ndi dung da hpe d l tham gia hoat ddng vln hoa - nghe that, hoat ddng to chUc da day hpc xong nhUng ndi dung liln quan; vf du nhu mdn hit nhac, mdn mT thuat mdn Ijch sCf, mot sd phan, chuang, bai cua d e mdn hpe khie ma ndi dung ed lien quan, bao gdm nhCfng hinh thdc nhu d u lac bd tho, bieu dien van nghl, hdi thi ve tranh, kl chuyen, tao hinh mol hinh thdc hoat ddng deu ed yeu eau, each td chUerieng.Tuy nhiln mot hinh thUe hoat ddng ed the td ehUe rieng hole cd the phdi hpp viec td ehUe glUa cac loai hinh klile lai vdi Oleu quan trpng la gilo vien phli xlc djnh muc dich gilo due cua hoat ddng va muc tilu cCia moi hinh thUe hoat ddng ngoai khda, nham gdp phan thue day muc dich gilo due ehung dd Gilo due hinh vi dao dUe II td ehUc eho HS lap di, lap lai nhieu Ian nhUng thao tac, hanh ddng dao dCfe hpe tap, sinh hoat vl eude sdng nham ed dupc hanh vi dao dUc dung dan, tCrdd cd thdi quen dao dUc ben vCfng Cd the khang dinh, giao due hinh vl dao dUc II mot hoat ddng giao due dao dUc d mat hanh ddng, tCfe la hinh thlnh eho HS ed nhCrtig hinh ddng, viec lam, dch cu xd vdi cdng viec, vdi ngudi xung quanh, vdi edng ddng v l vdi mdi sinh mdt eleh tich cue bat nguon ti/y thdc va thai dao dUc Vly, ndi dung gilo due hinh vi dao dUe cho HS ehfnh la d c hoat ddng, d c elch eUxCf eua HS d c mdi quan he: - Odi vdi dng ba, eha me, anh ehj em gia dinh ta ed the gilo due eho HS biet deh giup dd, vang Idi, biet t h i hien tinh elm cua mlnh bang su quan tim, san sdc; Hai Id, vui chai - gidi tri - Ddi vdi nhCfng ngudi xung quanh nhu hang The loai hoat ddng vui chpl - gili tri cd y nghTa xdm, ban be, hp hang ta gilo due cho HS biet to Idn nhl trUdng tieu hpc; thU nhat nd thda doan k i t giup dd, tUdng thin, tuong Ian nhau; man ve tinh than, giup HS tholt khdi nhCfng dng - Odi vdi To qude, gilo due cho HS Idng tU hao, thing, met mdi v l tinh than bdi nhCfng hoat ddng sU tu tdn dan tde, bilt phan dau hpc tap, rin Iuyen vui chdi bd ich vdi nhCfng npi dung cd lien quan vl sU phat trien eua dat nude; sU bilt dn thUdng den kiln thdc vUa hpc.ThU hai, hoat ddng vui chdi binh - lilt sT va the hien bang sUehIm sdc, giup dd gili tri gdp phan khdng nhd vao viec ren Iuyen tinh gia dinh thUdng binh lilt sT, chIm sdc nghTa trang kt luat, tfnh to chUe, tinh than trlch nhilm, sU cd gang, sU nhanh nhen, tfnh khoan dung, Idng nhan lilt sT l i , tinh thuong ylu ban be, thay cd, ddng loai - Odi vdi cdng ddng va vdi mdi sinh, giao due cho Ba Id, hogt dgng xd hoi - hogt dgng vi cdng HS cd nhuhg hanh ddng vi cdng ddng nhutfch cue tham gia elc hoat ddng nhin dao, tham gia d e edng dong tie xl hpl, tham gia bio v l mdi trUdng vl bilt quan SU giao lUu giufa ngudi vdi d mpi tim, tic ddng tich cue den mdi trudng toan d u phUdng diln ngly cing dupc ting cudng v l md Mot so the loai hoat dong ngoai khoa rdng SU hieu biet Ian nhau, sUthdng elm va giup (HONK)'chu yeu de^iao due hanh vi dao duTc dd x l hdi dang la mdt yeu d u bUe thiet cCia xl hdi.Theo quan diem cua d c nhl tutudng cho HS dtrUdmg tieu hpc 50 KHGD so 69, thdng 6-2011 dBi- -Khoa hpc Giao dMC giao due nhu J.Delore, A.V Toffleure thi mdt nlng nhan thdc ve mpi ITnh vUe eude nhCfng nhilm vu cCia vile hpe II de tao cho sdng hang ngudi nang eung ehung sdng, cung chiem l/efhd/dp: Giao due cho hpc sinh nhu cau, Idng ngUdng nhau, thau hieu va chap nhan Vi vay, say ml, hUng thu ddi vdi hoat ddng, thai dp Cfng xCf dua HS vao hoat ddng xa hdi la budc dau din dIt dung din vdi mdi sinh, vdi mpi ngdi xung quanh, HS tiep can vdi xa hdi, giup HS them hieu biet va vdi cdng ddng va thai dp tich eUe ddi vdi hpe tap thich Ung vdi edng ddng Ngoai ra, cdn giup HS I'e hdnh vi, thdi quen hdnh vi: Mue tilu hinh hieu bilt them ve thien nhien, dat nude, nhCfng biln ddi dang dien hang ngay, hang gid xung cho hpe sinh nhCfng kT nang thuc hanh quanh ehung Hoat ddng llm nly sinh tinh thdng qua eleh td ehUe ndi dung hoat ddng, nd elm, trlch nhiem v l nhCfng hanh ddng tich cue ddi phu hpp vdi tri thdc da hpe, tU dd nd hinh vdi mdi trUdng, ddi vdi ddng loai v l ddi vdi xa hdi cho HS nhCfng hanh vi thdi quen dao dUe ele loll ngudi ndi chung Vdi nhufng hinh thUc td ehde mdi quan he cua HS - Xac djnh ndi dung hoat ddng: Ndi dung eua da dang cua loai hinh nay, HS se tilp can dupc gil trj cua eude sdng, qua ren Iuyen dupc dao dde hoat ddng ehinh II mlnh dat de eho mue tilu ed ed hdi phIt trien TU mue tilu eua vile gilo due hanh eho HS mdt elch sau sac vi dao dUc eho HS, gilo vien lua chpn ndi dung td Bon Id, Iao ddng cdng ich ehUe hoat ddng eho phu hop Nhu vay, lua ehpn HS can phai dupe hpe Iao ddng, ngoai nhCftig npi dung cho hoat ddng la yeu td then chdt eua gid hpe ehinh khda HS can dupe tham gia vao d e vile to chUc Gilo vlln lua chpn nhQng moi quan dang hoat ddng cdng ich Lao ddng cdng fch se hi, nhOng dia diem d quanh HS, gan gui vdi HS de gin bd HS vdi ddi song xa hpl, vdi cdng cupe xay d c em cd the d m nhan dpc su d n thilt phli thue dung dat nudc va la djp de HS van dung nhCfng hien bIng nhCfng edng viec nham tac ddng din kiln thCfc d l hpe vao eude sdng de qua dd the hien ddi tupng de mang lai nhUng loi ich nhat dinh - Dukiln, liln he vdi cac luc lUpng gilo due tham nghTa vu, trlch nhiem eua mlnh vdi cdng ddng.The loai cd the td ehdc di gilo due hanh vi dao dUc gia; thdng nhat y tudng, phan edng trlch nhiem cho HS d d e dang: Iao ddng llm sach vUdn trudng, - Xac ^nh, chuan bj ele dieu kiln d n thilt di sin trudng, Idp hpc, cham sde ely, tham gia ve sinh td chUe hoat ddng; thdi gian, ed sd vat chat trang bio ve mdi trudng, cham sde nghTa trang lilt sT thilt bj - Du kien dch tien hinh, thdi gian tiln hanh Quy trinh to ehijTe hoat dong ngoai hoat ddng: DU kien nhOng edng viee phli lam, tU khda d trudng tieu hpe khdi dau eho den kit thuc edng vile, phln Oe dat dupe ylu d u giao due, eae HONK cdng thue hien Du kiln thdi gian td chUe, thdi day hoc c^c mdn hpe phli dUde thUc hien theo mdt lupng thuc hien edng vile quy trinh chat che Quy trinh to ehUe HDNK gdm d budc ehuan bj, ehuan bj tdt thi mpi hoat d c khau cd quan he chat che vdi nhau; tu" vile xlc djnh muc tieu, chuan bi phUdng phap, phuong ddng eua qua trinh se thuan Ipi, dat kit qui nhu mong mudn Ngupe lai, bude ehul'n bj eon tien, thdi gian, dja diem, ndi dung hoat ddng den khIu cudi eung II kiem tra danh gia kit qui eua so sai hole ehUa day du, giao vien chua ludng hit dupe nhCfng kha nlng bin eung nhu d c hoat ddng Tat cl nhUng khIu tren dupe xle dinh ylu td ben ngoai tac ddng den hoat ddng thi quy trinh gdm bUdc, la: dilu hanh hoat ddng se gap lung tung d v l phfa Budc Chuan bj gilo vlln va phia HS, dilu se lam giam nang Chuan bj la khIu quan trpng, quylt djnh sU hang thu eua HS hoat ddng va kit qua hoat ddng se giam di thlnh cdng cua hoat ddng, budc chuan bj, d n tiln hinh nhCfng ndi dung sau: BU0c2.'ninhdnh - Xle djnh mue tieu hoat ddng: Khi td chCfc bat ki La hoat ddng trien khai nhUng k l hoach d l mdt hoat ddng ngoai khda mdn hoe nao, eae duge xac djnh d bude nha gilo due deu phai xlc djnh mue tieu d n dat Trong qua trinh thuc hien hoat ddng, mdi quan dupe trIn cic phuang diln: he cOa giao vien va hpc sinh qui trinh nay, Ve tri thdc Giup hpc sinh cOng ed, md rdng gilo vien vdi vai trd la ngucfl" td chu'c, dieu khien nhCfng tri thu'c da dugc hpc mdn hpc d npi hoat ddng, HS la ngudi tich cue, ehu ddng, sang tao khda; bd sung vdn sdng, vdn hieu biet, nlng cao vlec thuc hien cdng viec KHGD s6 69, thdng - 2011 51 Khoa hoc Gido due Ngoai ra, ele lUe lUpng gilo due khae ed vai trd ho trp, gilm sat bao dim su an toan cho HS qui trinh tham gia hoat ddng Bude3 Ddnh gid hogt dgng Danh gil hoat ddng la mdt khau vd cung quan trpng qui trinh to chUc hoat ddng ngoai khda cho HS Nd cht hoat ddng ngoai khda glao vien td ehUc, HS hoat ddng cd hieu qui giao due hay khdng ed hieu qua giao due Dinh gil va tudlnh gil eon nham nlng eao nang gilo due tap the cung nhu sutUgilo due eua moi HS Gilo vien can xac djnh: - Muc dich dinh gil - Ndi dung danh gil bao gdm dinh gia ve kit qui eua hoat ddng, sutham gia cua cle thlnh vien Idp, y nghTa tie dung cua kit qui dd dem lai nhCfng Ipi ich gi eho ngUdi khIc, edng ddng - Luc lupng tham gia danh gia bao gdm HS tu danh gil, d e lue lupng giao due, ban gilm hilu, gilo vien - Phuong thdc danh gil, ed thi gilo vlln gpi y dlHStudlnh gia - PhUdng phlp va edng eu dinh gil, thdng qua philu hole t i p t h i danh gil dUdi sUdieu hinh eua d n bd Idp hole gilo vlln thdng qua sin pham hoat ddng cua HS, qua quan sat cua gilo vlln TJa^d^ Nhu vly, t h i col hoat ddng ngoai khda la mdt dudng giao due hinh vi dao dUc eho HS tieu hpe Neu dupc van dung v l td ehUe thi hieu qui gilo due dao dde eho HS se dupe nlng cao Tai lieu tham Ithao Nguyin HCfu Hpp, Vu Minh Tuan, Doi mdi phuang phdp dgy hoc Dgo dUe 4, NXB Dai hpc SU pham, 2005 Nguyen Ngpc Quang, Day hgc - dUdng hinh thdnh nhdn edeh, Hgc vlln QuIn li d n bd gilo ducTrungUdngl, 1990 Keaw/dang Rang, Hoc tdnhdng chu khi, NXB Dai hpe SUpham, 2006 Lull Th u Th uy, Quy trlnh gido due hdnh vi giao tiip CO vdn hda vdi ban cung Ida tuoi cho hgc sinh c tdp4,5 trudng tiiu hgc, luan an PTS,Vien Khoa hpe Gilo due, 1995 Mac Van Trang, Gido due hdnh vi dgo dUc cho hgc sinh nhd, NXB Gilo due, 1983 SUMMARY The article presents the ethic education forprimar school children through extra-curricular activities from the concepts: extra-curricular activities, mo behavior education; the author makes main activit types: arts-performance; entertainment; social; pub sen/ice; and steps in organizing extra-curricula activities in primary schools them eho dpi ngu giao vien, dac bilt II giao viln day nghl, kien thUe ve edng nghe day hpc hien dai, cdng nghl thdng tin va truyen thdng de hp cd the ddi mdi phUdng phlp day hpc nham nang eao hieu d day can luu y, de van dung ed hieu qua edng nghl day hpe hlln dai ngUdi day v l ngudi hpc can qui day hpc bd mdn, day la mdt hudng di phu hpp cd nhCfng kiln thUc v l kT nlng toi thieu ve cdng vdi xu t h i hien nay, d n dUde nhan rpng v l tiep tuc nghien cUu nghl thdng tin, cu the phli llm vile duge vdi may tinh, mang may tfnh, ele phan mIm day hpe co bin TAlLlfU THAM KHAO nhU; GeoGebra, Cabrl, Mathead, Multisim, Working1.06 NgocDat, Bdi gidng lilugn dgy hgc hien dal, Model, f\Asvisio, Snagit, GIF Movie Gear, Windows NXB Dai hpe Quoc gia Ha Ndi, 2600 Movie Maker va nhLJhg phuong tien liln quan Phan Trpng Ngp, Dgy hgc vd phuang phdp dgy khae hgc nhd trudng, NXB Oal hpe Su pham, 2005 Ket luan Nguyen Xuan Lac, Lilugn vd cong nghi dgy hgc 01 den luc chung ta can phai tim hieu va nghien hien dgi, Tn/dng Oai hpc Bach khoa Ha Npi, 2010 CONG NGHE (Tip theo trang 54) cufu kT hon v l cdng nghe day hpc hien dai, xly SUMMARY dung mdt ed sd If luan vUng chae, lam d n The article presents some issues of modern cCf cho vile cli tiln, ddi mdi phuong phap day hpc, teaching technology and its usage in structuring th nhIm nlng cao hieu qui day hpc bd mdn, phu hpp lecture structure in technical mechanics in vocation vdi ylu d u cua thdi dai Ngoli d n phai trang bj colleges, helping to improve teaching efficiency 52 KHGD SO 69, thdng - 2011 ... thuc hien mdt sd cdng viec Ben canh dd, ehudng trinh lai ed nhieu ndi dung phu hpp, thuan loi eho viec gilo due hanh vi dao dUe cho HS thuc hien hanh vi dao dUc cua minh qua vile td ehUe d e hoat... due hdnh vi giao tiip CO vdn hda vdi ban cung Ida tuoi cho hgc sinh c tdp4,5 trudng tiiu hgc, luan an PTS,Vien Khoa hpe Gilo due, 1995 Mac Van Trang, Gido due hdnh vi dgo dUc cho hgc sinh nhd,... ddng, viec lam, dch cu xd vdi cdng viec, vdi ngudi xung quanh, vdi edng ddng v l vdi mdi sinh mdt eleh tich cue bat nguon ti/y thdc va thai dao dUc Vly, ndi dung gilo due hinh vi dao dUe cho HS