GIAO DUC HANH VI DAO DÛ C CHO TRE IVIAU GIAO QUA VIAM H O C THIGU MHI ThS O A O THj MY* Abstract Ethical behavior education for preschoolers can be performed in many ways and children''''s literature is[.]
GIAO DUC HANH VI DAO DU^C CHO TRE IVIAU GIAO QUA VIAM H O C THIGU MHI ThS O A O THj MY* Abstract: Ethical behavior education for preschoolers can be performed in many ways and children's literature is one of them Children approach literature through reading books, poems or stories for kids or watching dramas In this way, children will be aware of the ethical standards, know how to express attitudes and haue good behavior for people around Keywords: Education, ethical behavior; preschoolers G iaodLic{GD)daoducehotremaugiaolamdt nhifrig mue tieu quan trgng hang dau eae hoatddng GD dtrudng mam non, la qua trinh tac dgng su pham n h i m cung cap cho ngudi dugc G D b e l o n g cac nguyen tic, chuan m irc dao diJrc tren co sd dd GD cho hg co nhdng tinh cam, hanh vi, thdi quen dao due phu hgp vdi yeu cau xa hgi GD hanh v[dao ddc (HVDD) eho tre m l u giao la each thuc to elide hoatdgng GD cude sdng hang eua tre nhim giup treed nhflng hanh vi thdi quen, van hda dng xu, thai phu hgp vdi ehuan muc HVDD do! vdi mgi ngudi, mgi vat xung guanh Van hgc thieu nhi (VHTN) la phuong tien rat quan trong viee GD HVDD eho tre m i u giao la yeu tdquan trgng hinh thanh, phattrien va hoan thien nhan each tre Van hge mang lai cho tre rat nhieu tinh cam, xue cam, hinh tugng cugc song xung quanh Y nghTa cua GD HVDD cho tre m l u giao qua lam quen vdi VHTN / / VHTN rai quan trgng viec boi duong tinh cam chohimsn non Cac tae pham flio, taiyen v(S nhung hinh ti/gn^ nghe thuat gan gui, mgc mae gian dj de dua tre den gan hon vdi cugc sd'ng xung quanhtre,giuptretrainghiem, kham phanhflng dieu mdimecua thegidi VIHTN lamdt loaihinhnghethuat ngdn tdmatredugc tiep xuc td rat sdm, Ngay tdkhi Igt long me, tre da dugc lam quen vcri nhung Idi ru nhe nhang, nhflng eau chuyen me ke, nhung bai tho hay dagieovaotam hon tre, tinh yeu thuong, ldng yeu men ddivdithegidixung quanh noi tre sdng,Tre yeu cugc sdng cd cai nhin tdt dep vert eon ngudi, thien nhientdddhinhthanhnhungxuecam.tinh cam tre duge hinh va phat trien Idn len dd chinh la long yeu nude,_sugin bd, ehia_se yeu thuang, biet cam thdng va s i n Idng giup ddlln 1.2 VHTN la phuong tien GD co hieu qua cao viec GD HVDD cho tre mam noti Cac hinh tugng nhan vat, hinh anh ve cugc song eac cau chuyen, bai thcr anh hudng sau sic, manh me den tre mam non, Tre cam nhan, trai nghiem qua nhieu cung bac, xiJccam, tinh earn khac Nhflng bai hgc GD ay de'n vdi tre mgt each nhe nhang di sau vao tam hdn tre khdng phai la nhflng bai rao giang dao ddc rdng khien cudng, Tre nhan tinh yeu tti uong cua be ddi vcri ba bai tho Oya/c/70 6a npt^ the hien tinh yeu thi/fln^ bietgitjp dddng bai tho Thuang 6ng;b\e\H hien tinh yeu thuong vdi em nho baitho Lam an/j;bietgiupddnhungngudixung quanh, biet doan ket, cd thai phu hgp eau ehuyen Ba chulcn con; Cao, Thd va Ga 1.3 Detre mam non co nhung HVDD chum m uc, trudc het can giao due tre co long nhSn & Dd chinh la tinh yeu thuong giua ngudi vdi ngudi, giua ngudi vdimgi vat xungquanh.Trong moi cau chuyen, bai tho nhflng nhan vat, no! dung, hinh tugng tronp tac pham deu delai nhflng an tuong sau s i c tam hon, tinh cam tre Tmyen Bo Nong CO hie'u - Bo Ndng eon diu me, cham sde me g ^ nan,hang chudi kiem moi, xuc tepnudlme, tim chd mat me de me nam nghi Chu rat thuong me nghT den me dm dau phai CO gang kiem nhieu thdc §n mang ve cho me Tam guong hie'u thao eua Bo nong aieunp cam dgng, noi theo.Day chinh la bai hgc ve Idng hieu thao, tre cam nhan bing chinh xiic cam cua minh nhan vat BoNdngcon.bi^yeu thuong eham sdc me me bi dm * InRfng Mau giao tliirc hanh Hoa Hong-Ttudng Cao dsig Sirpban TranguWng 36 I Tgp chi Gido dgc so (ki2-4/2016) Long nhan edn duac the hien qua tinh doan ket, diJng cam eau chuyen:Cao, Thd vaGaJrong GatrdngthuongThobj Cao chiem mat nha bang su dung cam khdn ngoan cua minh da duoi duge Cao giup Thd ddi duge nha cua minh Trong cau chuyen Bac Gau den va hai ehij Tho, nhdc nhd eac ban nlid baihgcvesugiupddban be nhung ngudixung quanh nhflng luc khd khan hoan nan Thd nau ich ki khdng giup dd bac Gau trdi mua, Thd trdng mdcua mdi bac Gau vao nha roi Thd tring biet nhan Idi cua minh hgtrdthanh ban td't eua sinh ddng vda cd hinh vua ed hga, ed mau sac am Phan Idn tho, truyen danh cho trede cap de'n ndi dung vetinh cam gifla nhflng ngudi rugt thit, giua ban be vdl hoac GD tre CO thai yeu men,tran trgng ngudi lao dgng, nhi/ng san pham lao ddng conngudilam ra.Cac tacpham cung day trebietyeu men va bao ve ttiien nhien, cac vat Tddd hinh ttianh d tre n h i ^ g thdi quen hanh vi tJng xu cd van hda Cae tae pham deu quan tam tdi viee GD ldng nhan cho tre, thdng qua cac nhan vat tre biet soi minh vao ngucri khac de hieu minh 1.4 Tacpham van hgc gitip tre yeu thien nhien biet cuxtf vdi thien nhien.JniyenGioXmac ti xlu, Tho: Hoa ket trai, Trang cfi td dau den Tre ed tinhyeu vdi thien nhien cd cay hoa la, cdmdigiao cam, hda minh vc^ thien nhien lay ddng tam hon tinh cam tre, tdddtrebiettran trgng, gin giu, bao vethien nhien Hieu quaGD eua nhflng tae pham van hge mang lai cho tre mam non la het sdc to Idn, chinh la nhung chuan mijcve HVDD dd ehinh la long nhan ai.sueam thdng chia segan bd, yeu thuong doan ket, cdthai ung xu phuhgp:yeuthuong eha me,dng,baanh, chiem, ban be, cd hanh vi biet giup ddngudi khac,.,, tich cue dua tre d i dang hoa nhap vao eudc swig xung quanh tre va tre dedang tiep thu s u G D ti" ngudi Idn dehoan thien va phattrien nhan each tre 2.3 Nghethuatcua van hgc danh cho tremam non thudng khong qua cau ki phtic tap Ket cau tmyen thucflig theo hai tuyen dd'i lap tuong phan hoae ket eau theo trat tu thdi gian vathudng cdsulap dl lap lai de neu batpham chatva hanh ddng cua tung nhan vat Ngdn ngfltrong truyai ttiudng gian dj, sang, tdngflthudngsudiing nghTa den, bdt nghia bdng va khdng nhieu tang nghTa Ca tho va truyen deu su dung triet de nhung tdtugng thanh, tugng hinh, tdlay vt)a khai day, kich thich tri tudng tugng, sang tao vCs tac dgng manh me den tu ludng tinh cam cua tre Vi du: ri ram, ao ao, khuenh khoang,., Mgt so dac t r u n g c a ban eua van hoc phu hgp vdi viec GD HVDD cho tre li/a tuoi mam non VHTN mang day nghTa, nhiem vu, dac tn/ng cua van hgc, thuc hien cae muc dich, chde nang cua van hge ndi chung Tuy nhien, van hge danh eho tre mam non cdn ed nhflng dac tn/ng rieng Nhung dac tn/ng dugc quy dinh bdi dac diem tam sinh li cua \ila tudi mam non Cae nha van sang tac dija tren si/ gan guivditre,suhieu bietve tre 2.1 Van hgc danh cho tremam non ngan gon, rorang Dung lugng tac pham ngan, eau van ngin, chu yeu la cau don Do dac diem tam li, khanang tap tmng ehuycua tre chua eao, nen tho vietcho eac em thudng la thetha hai chfl, ba chfl, ludn cd van cddieu tao nen sac thai vuituoi giup tre de dang taihien lai bde tranh ddi sdng hien thuc dugc phan anh tae pham Su rd rang taiyen the hien d ket cau, dd'i lap tuong phan 2.2 Ngon ngu van hgc danh cho tre sang, giau hinh anh Cac tac gia thudng su dung nhieu td lay, ddng td, tinh td mieu ta nhieu tu tugng thanh, tugng hinh, am thanh, hinh anh, mau sic rat cuthe, hon nhien de ve len nhung bflc tranh (ki2-4/2016) Hau hetcaesuvathien tugng van hge danh cho tre mam non thudng duge nhan caeh hda Tre mam non rat hay dong nhatmgi suvat hien tugng xung quanh vdf ban than minh Vlv^.van hpc ehinh laphuong tien de trecdttiegui gim nhung tam su, nhung xue cam, tinh cam vc^ nhung vat xung quanh minh Ket cau ei/a tmyen ttiudng ttieo trat tu thdi gian va tuduy euatre cung tuan ttieo trat tu trudc, sau ro ret Ngoai ra, yeu to ttia tmyen vayaitd'taiyen ttiocung ehinh lamgt dac diem na bat eua eac tae pham van hgc ttiieu nhi: cd nhung ba tho cac tac gia ttiudng kevemgtsukien, mgt hiai wgng nhu la mgt cau chuyen dugc ga ggn mdt bai ttio VI du bai ttio "Gau qua eau", hay bai "Nang ten 6c", ehinh y a i tottiobay bong trongttuyen,vayeu to tnjyen tha dd lam eho tha, truyen se cung theo tretrong sudt ea^cuge ddi 2.4 Moi tac pham VHTN deu la mgt bai hgc dao due sau sac nhung lai rat gan gui giiip tre hieu ro rang Cac tac pham VHTN deu hudng tdi nhflng dieu tdt dep, ne'u edndi de'n cai xa'u, cai ac eung la de lam noi bat eai thien, eai tdt Tnicmg mam non la noi dat nen tang cho suphattrien nhan each nen cac St/vat hien tugng tae pham van hge viet cho thieu nhi deu cdtinh GD cao Cae tae pham van hge giup tre phan biet, nhanttii!rcdugc dieu tdt, xau, ngoan, chua ngoan, dep, khdng dep xa hdi td dd giup cho viec G D nhan each tre mam non dugc tie'n hanh Tgp chi Gido due so 380 37 hoan thien hon Sau mdi baittiO, eau chuyen tre deu cdttie nit dugc bai hgc ve each lann ngudi cho rieng minh ttiat bd'ich, li thu ma khdng he khien cudng Dac diem lam quen vdi tac pham van hoc cua tre mam non 3.1 Tre lam quen vdi tac pham van hgc m gt cac/j ff/^n//ep Do kha nang tudng tugnpmanh me, cac hoatddng giao duedtn/dng mam non, eho tre lam quen vdi iae pham van hgc la hoatddng chda dt;ng y nghTa su pham sau s i c va ttie hien ro nang !i/c cua ed giao Cho tre lam quen vert tac pham van hgc la mora eho tre mgt tiie gicrt mdi day sue hap dan sang tao va lam giau edttidm tam hdn ttio, sang cija tre Tre khdng thett/minh kham pha dugc ttie gidi xung quanh m a f ^ nhan van hgc chibang dudng giantiepchij yeu la ttiong qua gigng kecua ed giao Co giao chinh la cau noi giua tre vdi tac pham van hoc, hudng din tre vdi tu each la ehu the ITnh hgi tac pham van hge mdtcach tich cue, sang tao, Chinh vi vay, eo giao can phai n i m vflng he ttidng cac thao tac eu ttie giiip tre tung budc tiiam nhap, tiep nhan tae pham Phai tao dieu kien cho tre cdkha nang nghe ra,nhin ttiay va cam nhan dugc mau s i c xuc cam cua nhung dieu dugc ed giao truydn dat 3.2 Tre lam quen vdi tac pham van hgc mang tinh xuc cam khong le thugc vao litri Do dac diem lam quen van hge dtre eung mang dam mau sic xuc cam nen tiie gidi nghettiuattrong tmyen ehinh la ttie gidi hidn tti LA: ngoai ddi suy nghT cua tre Tremau giao tiep nhan van hge itbj rang budc bdi litri vakinh nghiem nen kha nang tudng tugng la rat Idn, nhien tri tudng tugng lai edmattichci/c vatieu ci/e, chinh vi vay vai ttd cua cd giao viec xay dt/ng ca sdde tre cam ttiu van hgc dung hudng la rat quantrgng.Tretiepnhanvan hge mgtcach tha va trietdeehonen viec sudung trucquandeqiai ttiich CO giao can phainhatqudm, tao dinig dugc niem tin, giiip ttedugc tiida man nhu cau nhan ttidc pham tdi tre giup tre cam nhan dugc tac pham m^ cachtotnhat m Nhflng dieu ma cd giao mud'n tnjyen ttiu chotre qua tac pham van hgc duge eung eo bang cam xiic tn/dc cugc song se tao nen ttiai do, tinh cam vacao han latinh cam tham ml Tre em va tha ca ed nhieu diem gan gui vdinhau.dd la su hon nhien,trong treo, De'n vdittiO,truyen lati^edenvdi nhflng cam xiic chin thanh, tinh yeu ttiucfng vdi van vat va nhutig ngi/ds xung quanh Tre mam non khdng quan trgng dviec tnjyen dat tri thdc ma la cam xuc cuatt'ethenao sau tiep xtjc vcA tac pham Dd ehinh la nang li/c hoa than cua cac em vdi cai nhin ttio, don gian visi/ gidng gifla van hgc nghe thuatva ddi sd'ng.Tre mam non eho ring tiiegidi ben ngoai cung gidng nhir tac pham van hgc nen tre ttiuc Idng chia se Chinh dieu se giup eho viec lam ndi bat nen tam trang chu dao va cam xiJc trung tam eho tre lam quen vdi tac pham van hgc 3.3 Tre hon nhien tho va mong mum kham pha thegidi Tre mam non ludn khat klup duge biet tat ea, duge kham pha di den tan cung cua mgi van de, tre chap nhan Idigiaittiieh don gian khong day du khoa hgc Dieu ddphan anh sungayttidcua ti'e the gidi va van hgc Trong tiep nhgn van hgc,ti'ettiudng van dung kinh nghiem tn/c ti^va nguyen hgp, khdng phan bietsukhacnhau giQachu^c.'^ Tre chua ddi hot li le maddl hoi suhgp litinh cam trong' khudn kho han hep cua minh Can nhatquan tro^ giai thieh vdi tre detre tim thay niem tin dieu lam ttida man khatvgng cua tre tim chan li Giupehotredugeti'ainghiem tacpham mgtcach rd nhat la dua ti'e vao trai nghiem chinh nhflng nhan vattrong cau chuyen bai thodd chinh la eho tredong kich hay day tre ke lai chuyen ket hgp vdieae dodCing nhu tranh minh hga, eac nhan vat rdi detre tfi/oc cam nhan dugc chinh nhflng cam xuc cua cac nhan vat, nhflng hanh dgng euchididu bg didn tac pham van hgc Tfldd, tre hinh nhung tinh can biet yeu thuong, cam ttidng chia se, ed Uiai dg vdl nhung dieu xau, cdhanh dgng phu hep Ngdn ngflvan hgc la ngon ngfltinh cam vi vay can tanp cudrig vdn luyai sflc nghe cho tre Dd la sdc nghe tdidavenhaccamvasi/dattianh, nghe dugc hetnhflng cung bac am tiianh va nhip dieu khaenhau ti'ong cude sdng B i n g eon dudng tiuyen ttiij thdng Trong qua trinh cho tre tiep xuc vdi tac pham qua ngdn ngfl na,ti-ecam nhan tae pham van hge van hgc, cd giao can m d rgng s u nhan tfiflc, khcri tiieo each rieng cuafre.Tfldd, tre tich luy dugc vd'n td ggi d tre nhflng xuc earn, tinh cam: giup tre cam mdiphong phu va rat giau hinh anh Viec dgc, kecua nhan gia tri ngi dung tu tudng, nghe tiiuat, cai hay cd giao treri tac pham van hgc la rat quan trgng, cd cai dep eua tac pham, hinh dtre si/cam ttiy pliai dgc, keednghetiiijatdephat trien sue nghecua van tigc GV can phai hudng tdi s u phat trien tri ti'e, nha'n manh duge s i c thai bieu cam dnhung cho ti^OTig tam nhim tiuyen dat dugc het y nghTa cua tac (Xem 38 Tgp chi Gido dgc so 380 (ki2-4/2016) ... men va bao ve ttiien nhien, cac vat Tddd hinh ttianh d tre n h i ^ g thdi quen hanh vi tJng xu cd van hda Cae tae pham deu quan tam tdi viee GD ldng nhan cho tre, thdng qua cac nhan vat tre biet... xung quanh Tre mam non khdng quan trgng dviec tnjyen dat tri thdc ma la cam xuc cuatt''ethenao sau tiep xtjc vcA tac pham Dd ehinh la nang li/c hoa than cua cac em vdi cai nhin ttio, don gian visi/... ludng tinh cam cua tre Vi du: ri ram, ao ao, khuenh khoang,., Mgt so dac t r u n g c a ban eua van hoc phu hgp vdi viec GD HVDD cho tre li/a tuoi mam non VHTN mang day nghTa, nhiem vu, dac tn/ng